JP3089637B2 - Data management device and data management method - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a data management device and a data management method for managing images, sounds, and other large-volume data as files.

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, information processing systems have also been used for processing digital audio data and digital moving image data, and there has been a demand for managing large-volume data as files on a computer and performing high-speed processing such as editing. Is growing. Particularly important in this case are a data management device and a data management method for managing data in a form that can be processed at high speed, and development of these has been strongly desired.

Hereinafter, a conventional example of the above-described data management device and data management method will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a configuration of a conventional data management device for explaining a conventional data management device and a data management method.

In FIG. 2, 21 is storage means for storing data, 22 is input / output means for inputting / outputting data to / from the storage means 21, and 23 is input / output means
It is a management unit that manages data on the storage unit 21 via the storage unit 22. 24 in the management means 23 is a data management means for dividing and managing the storage means 21 into a plurality of blocks of a fixed size,
Reference numeral 25 denotes block management means for managing a plurality of blocks as one file.

The operation of the conventional data management apparatus configured as described above and the conventional data management method will be described.

The data management means 24 in the management means 23 manages continuous areas on the storage means 21 as blocks. The block management means 25 is a storage means for each block from the data management means 24
Information such as the storage position on the storage device 21 is obtained, and logical connection information and the like are managed so that one file is composed of one or more blocks.

When accessing and outputting one file, the management unit 23 first refers to the block connection information for each file managed by the block management unit 25. Next, the position information of each block on the storage unit 21 is stored in the data management unit 24.
Then, the input / output means 22 is driven to sequentially access each block on the storage means 21, and the data of each block constituting the file is sequentially output from the storage means 21.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the above-described apparatus has some problems when handling data such as digital audio data and digital moving image data which is strongly required to be continuously processed at the time of input / output. doing.

First, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like is generally used as the storage unit 21, and these storage units require a seek when accessing data. When a file is composed of a plurality of blocks and edited and output, assuming the worst case, the data is physically discrete at an arbitrary position on the disk for each edited unit, and It is expected that a seek frequently occurs at the time of reading. Therefore, when handling data such as digital audio data and digital image data that must be processed without interruption during input / output, ensure that a seek is inserted for each minimum editing unit in order to guarantee continuity of output. As a result, there is a problem that a large-capacity buffer for absorbing this is required for the input / output means 22. By increasing the block size at least to some extent or by physically arranging the blocks,
Although it is possible to make the seek time relatively short so that input and output can be performed without interruption, in this case, a part of the file is modified or changed while maintaining the continuity of the physical arrangement of the data on the storage means 21. It is very difficult to re-arrange the data regularly, or take time when correcting and changing, re-securing the optimal continuous area on the storage means 21 and re-arranging the data. there were.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a data management device for ensuring continuity at the time of output and ensuring easiness of editing for data required to be processed without interruption at the time of input / output. And a data management method.

Means for Solving the Problems A data management device of the present invention is a storage means for storing data, an input / output means for inputting / outputting data to / from the storage means, and a management means for managing a storage location of the data on the storage means. The management means further manages a continuous area of any size on the storage means as a block via the input / output means, and manages the block by logically dividing the block into a plurality of areas. Management means; block management means for managing one or more blocks stored in an arbitrary position on the storage means to constitute one file; and input / output means for receiving information from the block management means and the data management means. And adjusting means for moving data of logically adjacent blocks.

According to the present invention, the data management means manages a continuous area on the storage means as a block and further divides and manages the inside of the block into a data storage area and a free area. The block management means receives information such as the storage position of the block on the storage means from the data management means,
The connection information and the like are managed so that one file is composed of one or more blocks. Further, the adjustment unit checks the size of the data storage area of an arbitrary block from the data management unit. If the size of the data storage area of this block is smaller than a preset value, information such as storage position information on the storage means of the adjacent blocks constituting the file is received from the block management means, and the information is received from the data management means. Information on the size of the data storage area and free area of the adjacent block is received. Thereafter, the adjusting means drives the input / output means to move a part or all of the data from one or more adjacent blocks to the corresponding block, thereby always setting the size of the data storage area in the corresponding block in advance. The value is adjusted to be greater than or equal to the value.

Accordingly, a data management device and a data management method for managing large-capacity data required to be processed without interruption at the time of input / output as a file on a computer and processing the data at high speed and easily are provided. Can be provided.

Embodiment Hereinafter, a data management apparatus and a data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a data management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 1 is storage means for storing data, 2
Is an input / output means for inputting / outputting data to / from the storage means 1, and 3 is a management means for managing data on the storage means 1 via the input / output means 2. 4 of the management means 3 is a data management means for managing data on the storage means 1 as a plurality of blocks of a fixed size, 5 is a block management means for managing a plurality of blocks as one file, and 6 is a data management means. Means 4
And information from the block management means 5 and input / output means 2
And adjusting means for driving data of logically adjacent blocks.

FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of a plurality of blocks constituting one part of a file on the storage means 1 of FIG.

In FIG. 3, 31 to 34 and 35 to 37 represent blocks discretely arranged on the storage means 1, respectively. These are logically adjacent and constitute a part of the file. The inside of the block is divided into a plurality of areas, the part colored like 38 to 41 is the data storage area where data is stored, and the part shown as blank like 42 to 45 Represents an empty area where no data is stored. 46 indicates the size of the data storage area adjusted by the adjusting means 6 to a constant value.

FIG. 4 shows another conceptual diagram of a plurality of blocks constituting one part of the file on the storage means 1 of FIG.

In FIG. 4, blocks 51 to 54 and blocks 55 to 57 are discretely arranged on the storage means 1 and are logically adjacent to each other and constitute a part of the file. The block is divided into a plurality of records, the records colored like 58 are data storage records where data are stored, and the records shown as blank like 59 are empty records. Means. Numeral 60 indicates the number of data storage records adjusted by the adjusting means 6 to a constant value.

The operation of the data management device and the data management method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The data management means 4 in the management means 3 manages continuous areas on the storage means 1 as blocks, a part of which is conceptually shown as blocks 31 to 37.

The data management means 4 manages the inside of the block by further logically dividing it into a data storage area and a free area. Block 31 shows an example in which the block is divided into a data storage area 38 in which data is stored and a free area 42 in which no data is stored. In this figure, the data storage area starts from the beginning of the block, but may start from the middle of the block. Further, a plurality of data storage areas and free areas may exist in a block.

 Further, the size of the empty area may be 0.

The block management means 5 obtains information such as the position of each block on the storage means 1 from the data management means 4 and stores one file in one file.
The logical connection information and the like are managed so as to be composed of a plurality of blocks or more.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the operation flow of the adjusting means 6. This will be described below with reference to FIG.

The adjustment unit 6 receives information on the size of the data storage area of an arbitrary block from the data management unit 4, and if the size of the data management area of this block is smaller than a certain value, the block management unit 5 sends the information to the adjacent block forming the file. And receives from the data management means 4 information on the sizes of the data storage area and the free area of the adjacent block. Thereafter, the adjusting means 6 drives the input / output means 2 to move a part or all of the data from one or more adjacent blocks to the corresponding block, and always keeps the size of the data storage area in the corresponding block to a certain value or more. adjust.

Now, it is assumed that the size of the block is 16 kbytes, and the constant value of the size of the data storage area in the block to be adjusted by the adjustment means 6 is set to 12 kbytes. FIG. 3A shows a state in which a block whose data storage area size does not reach a certain value has occurred due to a file change. The size of the data storage area of block 31 is 4 kbytes,
The size of the data storage area of the block 32 is 14 kbytes, the size of the data storage area of the block 33 is 12 kbytes, and the size of the data storage area of the block 34 is 12 kbytes.
The data storage area of the block 31 is 4 kbytes and does not satisfy the set constant value of 12 kbytes.
Obtains information on blocks subsequent to the logically adjacent block 32 from the data management means 4 and the block management means 5. The adjusting means 6 adds the sizes of the data storage areas of the adjacent blocks, and sequentially examines the adjacent blocks until a condition that the result of the addition is larger than a multiple of a set fixed value and smaller than a multiple of the block size is satisfied. In the example shown in FIG. 3, when the block 33 is inspected, the result of the addition of the size of the data storage area is 4k + 14k + 12k = 30k, which satisfies the condition that it is larger than 12k × 2 = 24k and smaller than 16k × 2 = 32k. The adjusting means 6 moves 11 kbytes of data from the block 32 to the block 31 and creates a block 35. Also, 12 kbytes are moved from block 33 to block 32 to create block 36. There is no need to change after block 34. In this way, the adjusting means 6 changes the plurality of blocks illustrated in FIG. 3A as shown in FIG. 3B, and adjusts the size of the data storage area in the block to be equal to or larger than a certain value. .

The operation of the data management device and the data management method according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The data management means 4 in the management means 3 manages a continuous area on the storage means 1 as a block, a part of which is conceptually shown as blocks 51 to 57.

The data management means 4 manages the block by logically dividing it into one or more data storage records and zero or more free records. Records colored like a record 58 are records where data is stored, and blank records like a record 59 are empty records where no data is stored.

In this figure, a fixed-length record is shown as an image, but a variable-length record is also possible. Further, the data storage record may start in the middle of the block or may not be continuous in the block.

The block management means 5 obtains information such as the position of each block on the storage means 1 from the data management means 4 and stores one file in one file.
The logical connection information and the like are managed so as to be composed of a plurality of blocks or more.

FIG. 6 shows another example of the operation flow of the adjusting means 6. This will be described below with reference to FIG.

The adjustment means 6 receives information on the number of data storage records of an arbitrary block from the data management means 4, and if the number of data storage records of this block is smaller than a predetermined value, the block management means 5 sends the information to the adjacent block constituting the file. And information about the number of data storage records and empty records in the adjacent block is received from the data management means 4. Thereafter, the adjusting means 6 drives the input / output means 2 to move the record from one or more adjacent blocks to the corresponding block, and always adjusts the number of data storage records in the corresponding block to a certain value or more.

Now, the number of records in the block is set to 12, and the adjusting means 6
Suppose that the number of data storage records in the block to be adjusted is set to 8 records. FIG. 3A shows a state in which a block whose number of data storage records does not reach a certain value has occurred due to a file change. The number of data storage records in block 31 is four, the number of data storage records in block 32 is ten, the number of data storage records in block 31 is eight, and the number of data storage records in block 31 is eight.

Since the number of data storage records in the block 31 does not satisfy the fixed value 8 set in 4, the adjusting means 6 sends information on blocks subsequent to the logically adjacent block 32 to the data management means 4 and the block management means 5. Get from. The adjusting means 6 adds the number of data storage records of adjacent blocks, and sequentially examines the adjacent blocks until a condition that the result of the addition is larger than a multiple of a set fixed value and smaller than a multiple of a block size is satisfied. In the example, when checking up to block 33, the result of adding the number of data storage records is 4 + 10 + 8 = 22, which satisfies the condition that it is larger than 8 × 2 = 16 and smaller than 12 × 2 = 24. The adjusting means 6 moves the data of seven records from the block 32 to the block 31 to make it like the block 35. In addition, eight records are moved from the block 33 to the block 32, as shown in a block 36. No change is made after block 34. In this way, the adjusting means 6 changes the plurality of blocks exemplified in FIG. 3A as shown in FIG. 3B, and adjusts the number of data storage records in the block to be equal to or more than a certain value. .

When a block is divided into a plurality of fixed-length records, the unit of data movement between blocks is limited to a record, but the information managed by the data management means 4 is small.

A commonly used secondary storage device such as a magnetic disk or an optical disk is used as the storage unit 1. These devices require a seek at the time of accessing each block. However, like the data management device and the data management method of the present invention, the adjusting unit 6 manages the data amount in the block to a constant value of an appropriate size. When the input / output means 2 has a buffer of an appropriate size, for example, two blocks, it is possible to input / output data without interruption during input / output.

The size of the data storage area in the block and the number of data storage records, that is, the amount of data in the block, which are adjusted by the adjusting means 6, can be arbitrarily set. Can be determined as in equation (1) according to the above specification.

Lb = Vo · Vr · Ta / (Vr−Vo) (1) In equation (1), Lb is the size (byte) of the data storage area,
Vo is the data output speed, Vr is the disk transfer speed (byte /
Second) and Ta is the disk access time (second).

Assuming that a very standard magnetic disk having a disk access time of 52 ms and a disk transfer speed of 960 Kbytes is used for the storage means 1, and the continuous output speed of data from the input / output means 2 requires 170 Kbytes / second, The size of the data storage area only needs to be 11 Kbytes or more.

In this embodiment, it is assumed that one block of data is input / output by one access to the storage unit 1, but two or more blocks may be input / output.

Further, in the data management device and the data management method of the present invention, since the existence of an empty area in the block managed by the data management means 4 is permitted, the increase or decrease of the data caused by editing the file is changed for a part of the file. Can be easily absorbed and there is no need to rearrange the data on a regular basis.

The size of the data storage area of a block whose data storage area does not look at a certain value is E0, and the sizes of the data storage areas of blocks logically following this block are E1, E2,.
And the sum of these is represented by Sj. Adjusting means 6
Let Rmin be the constant value to be adjusted and Rmax be the block size, and the size of the data storage area in all blocks is Rm
Since the minimum j that satisfies the equation (2) is obtained because it is not less than in and not more than Rmax, the number j + 1 of blocks necessary for adjusting a block in which the size of the data storage area does not meet the constant value Rmin is obtained. You can ask.

 N × Rmin ≦ Sj ≦ N × Rmax (2) In Formula (2), N is an integer of 1 or more.

Since 0 <Rmin <Rmax and 0 ≦ S0 <Rmin, equation (2)
It is possible to prove equation (3) from

j ≦ Rmax / (Rmax−Rmin) (3) From Expression (3), j obtained from the size Rmin of the data storage area and the block size Rmax represents a finite number.
The adjusting means 6 can keep the size of the data storage area of all the blocks above a certain value by moving data from a finite number of blocks.

Note that the size of the data storage area may be equal to or smaller than a certain value for the last block constituting the file, since the seek time to the next block does not need to be considered.

Further, the size of the data storage area and the number of data storage records to be adjusted by the adjusting means may be different for each file. In that case, the block management means 5 holds such information.

As described above, according to the data management apparatus and the data management method of the present invention, when data required to be processed without interruption at the time of input / output is managed as a file on a computer, an unnecessary large capacity is used. Despite not requiring an input / output buffer, it guarantees output continuity,
In addition, it is possible to ensure the ease of editing.

In addition, the maximum processing time required at the time of editing can be obtained in advance as a finite value, and there is no need to periodically rearrange data separately from at the time of editing.

In addition, data with different speeds at the time of input and output, such as images and audio, is managed separately with a block size that matches the characteristics of each data. It is possible to ensure the operability and ensure the ease of editing.

Furthermore, by managing data having a fixed-size record length by the number of records, it is possible to achieve a special effect that more efficient file management can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a data management device and a data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a conventional data management device and a data management method.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining blocks managed by one embodiment, FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining blocks managed by another embodiment, and FIG. And FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing another example of the operation flow of the adjusting means of the present invention. 1 ... storage means, 2 ... input / output means, 3 ... management means,
4 ... data management means, 5 ... block management means, 6 ...
... Adjustment means, 21 ... Storage means, 22 ... Input / output means, 23 ...
... management means, 24 ... data management means, 25 ... block management means, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 ... blocks, 3
8, 39, 40, 41 ... Data storage area, 42, 43, 44, 45 ...
... free space, 46 ... size of storage area to be adjusted, 51, 5
2, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 ... blocks, 58 ... data storage records, 59 ... empty records, 60 ... number of data storage records to be adjusted.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mihiro Mori 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Inside Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-62-16274 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H04N 5/76-5/956

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An apparatus for managing data containing at least one or more pieces of video information recorded on a disk-shaped recording medium, comprising: input / output means for recording and reproducing data containing video information on and from the recording medium; Management means for managing data on a recording medium, wherein the management means further manages an area of an arbitrary size in which video information on the recording medium is continuously arranged as the block,
A data management unit that manages a data amount of the video information included in the block; a block management unit that manages a logical connection state of one or more blocks that are continuously reproduced; Set the read speed to Vr (bytes /
Second), the speed at which the input / output means outputs data is Vo (bytes / second), and the time during which data reading is interrupted when a seek occurs from block to block on the recording medium.
When Ta (seconds) is used, part or all of the video information of the block is moved between the logically adjacent blocks, and the amount of video information of the block is reduced to the logically adjacent block. A data management device comprising: an adjustment unit that adjusts to Vo × Vr × Ta (Vr−Vo) or more without interrupting video playback due to switching of playback. 2. The data management device according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment unit adjusts a data amount of video information included in the block except for a terminal block of the block that is logically connected. . 3. The data recorded on the disk-shaped recording medium is managed in file units, and the block management unit includes:
2. The data management device according to claim 1, wherein a size of the video information amount of the block adjusted by the adjustment unit is stored for each file. 4. A data management method for data containing at least one or more pieces of video information recorded on a disk-shaped recording medium, wherein an area of an arbitrary size where the video information is continuously arranged on the recording medium. Managing the block as a block; managing the data amount of the video information included in each block; managing a logical connection state of one or more blocks on the recording medium; Vr (bytes / byte)
Second), the speed at which the input / output means outputs data is Vo (bytes / second), and the time during which data reading is interrupted when a seek occurs from block to block on the recording medium.
When Ta (seconds) is set, the video information amount of the block between the logically adjacent blocks is not interrupted by the switching of the reproduction of the logically adjacent block. Vo × Vr × Ta (Vr−Vo) or more.