JP3100151B2 - AC conduction method for HTS conductor - Google Patents
AC conduction method for HTS conductorInfo
- Publication number
- JP3100151B2 JP3100151B2 JP02249546A JP24954690A JP3100151B2 JP 3100151 B2 JP3100151 B2 JP 3100151B2 JP 02249546 A JP02249546 A JP 02249546A JP 24954690 A JP24954690 A JP 24954690A JP 3100151 B2 JP3100151 B2 JP 3100151B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- superconductor
- temperature
- axis
- temperature superconductor
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015901 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002480 Cu-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、変圧器等の交流電力機器に利用される高温
超電導導体への交流電流の流す方法に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of flowing an alternating current to a high-temperature superconductor used for an AC power device such as a transformer.
（従来の技術） 従来、金属系の低温超電導体を使用した交流用線材
は、臨界電流密度が大きいため、超電導しゃへい電流の
ヒステリシス効果に伴うヒステリシス損失が大きくなる
ことが知られている。そこで、この低温超電導体から成
る線材においては、細フィラメント化することにより交
流損失を低減することが行われる。しかし、超電導体を
低温状態に維持するため高価な液体ヘリウムを必要とす
るため、冷却コストがかかり過ぎ、実用化が難しい。(Prior Art) Conventionally, it is known that an AC wire using a metal-based low-temperature superconductor has a large critical current density, so that a hysteresis loss accompanying a hysteresis effect of a superconducting shielding current increases. Therefore, in the wire made of the low-temperature superconductor, the AC loss is reduced by making the filament into a fine filament. However, since expensive liquid helium is required to maintain the superconductor in a low temperature state, the cooling cost is too high and practical use is difficult.
そこで、最近では、冷却コストの安い液体窒素などで
超電導状態を得ることができるセラミック系の高温超電
導体が種々研究されてきており、これを使用して交流用
線材を得ることが考えられてきている。Therefore, recently, various studies have been made on ceramic high-temperature superconductors capable of obtaining a superconducting state with liquid nitrogen or the like having a low cooling cost, and it has been considered to obtain an AC wire using this. I have.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） しかしながら、高温超電導体は、現在のところセラミ
ックであるため、上記金属系の低温超電導体とは異な
り、細フィラメント化することが困難である。このた
め、高温超電導体により交流用線材を得ることが困難で
あった。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, since the high-temperature superconductor is currently a ceramic, it is difficult to form a thin filament, unlike the above-mentioned metal-based low-temperature superconductor. For this reason, it has been difficult to obtain an AC wire using a high-temperature superconductor.
本発明は、高温超電導体により交流用線材を得ること
を可能とした高温超電導導体の交流通電方法を提供する
ことを目的とするものである。An object of the present invention is to provide a method for applying an AC current to a high-temperature superconducting conductor, which makes it possible to obtain an AC wire using the high-temperature superconductor.
（課題を解決するための手段） 交流用超電導導体を使用する場合に問題となるヒステ
リシス損失は、一般に細フィラメント化によって低減さ
れるが、セラミック系の高温超電導体の場合には細フィ
ラメント化が困難である。細フィラメント化せずにヒス
テリシス損失を小さくするためには、臨界電流密度を零
にすればよいが、このとき電流は抵抗零で流れず、フラ
ックス・フロー状態となってフラックス・フロー抵抗が
生じる。即ち超電導状態ではあるが抵抗は生じている状
態である。しかしながら、このフラックス・フロー抵抗
による損失が、上記ヒステリシス損失より小さくなれ
ば、金属系の低温超電導体で細フィラメント化した導体
よりも交流損失が小さくなることに本発明者等は着目
し、本発明を完成するに至った。(Means for Solving the Problems) Hysteresis loss, which is a problem when using an AC superconductor, is generally reduced by using a fine filament, but it is difficult to use a ceramic high-temperature superconductor. It is. In order to reduce the hysteresis loss without forming a fine filament, the critical current density may be reduced to zero. At this time, however, the current does not flow at zero resistance, but becomes a flux flow state to generate a flux flow resistance. In other words, it is in a superconducting state but in a state in which resistance occurs. However, the present inventors have noticed that if the loss due to the flux flow resistance is smaller than the above-mentioned hysteresis loss, the AC loss will be smaller than that of a conductor made into a fine filament with a metal-based low-temperature superconductor. Was completed.
即ち、上述の目的を達成するため、本発明の高温超電
導導体の交流通電方法は、臨界電流密度が1000A/m2以下
の高温超電導導体をフラックス・フロー状態に維持し、
交流電流を流すようにしている。更に好ましくは、上記
高温超電導導体にその結晶軸のｃ軸に垂直な方向から下
部臨界磁場以上の磁場をかけると共に、結晶のab面内を
電流が流れるように交流電流を流すようにしている。That is, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method for applying an AC current to a high-temperature superconductor of the present invention maintains a high-temperature superconductor having a critical current density of 1000 A / m 2 or less in a flux flow state,
An alternating current is allowed to flow. More preferably, a magnetic field higher than the lower critical magnetic field is applied to the high-temperature superconducting conductor in a direction perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal axis, and an alternating current is caused to flow in the ab plane of the crystal.
（作用） ところで、超電導体のフラックス・フロー抵抗は、上
部臨界磁場（Hc2）に反比例することが知られている。
従来の低温超電導体では、上部臨界磁場（Hc2）が約10
〔Ｔ〕程度とあまり大きくなかったため、フラックス・
フロー抵抗もかなり大きくなりフラックス・フロー状態
での使用は考えられなかった。(Function) By the way, it is known that the flux flow resistance of the superconductor is inversely proportional to the upper critical magnetic field ( Hc2 ).
In a conventional low-temperature superconductor, the upper critical magnetic field (H c2 ) is about 10
[T] was not so large,
The flow resistance was considerably large, and use in a flux flow state could not be considered.
しかしながら、高温超電導体の場合、その結晶軸のｃ
軸に垂直な方向から磁場がかかったときの臨界磁場（H
c2）が例えばBi−Sr−Ca−Cu−Ｏ系セラミックの場合、
500〔Ｔ〕以上と極めて大きくなるため、フラックス・
フロー抵抗は小さくなる。そこで、このフラックス・フ
ロー状態で高温超電導体を使用することにより、交流で
低損失の使用を可能としている。However, in the case of a high-temperature superconductor, the crystal axis c
Critical magnetic field when a magnetic field is applied from a direction perpendicular to the axis (H
c2 ) is, for example, a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O-based ceramic,
The flux becomes extremely large, 500 [T] or more.
The flow resistance decreases. Therefore, by using a high-temperature superconductor in this flux flow state, it is possible to use AC with low loss.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の構成を図面に示す実施例に基づいて詳
細に説明する。(Examples) Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on examples shown in the drawings.
現在知られている高温超電導体はすべて層状の結晶構
造をもっていて、この結晶構造で層面に垂直な軸をｃ
軸、層面内の二つの直交する軸をａ軸、ｂ軸としてい
る。All known high-temperature superconductors have a layered crystal structure, and the axis perpendicular to the layer plane is defined by this crystal structure.
The axis and two orthogonal axes in the layer plane are defined as a-axis and b-axis.
このような高温超電導体の結晶軸のｃ軸に垂直な方向
から磁場がかかったときには、上部臨界磁場（Hc2）が
例えばBi−Sr−Ca−Cu−Ｏ系セラミックの場合、500
〔Ｔ〕以上と極めて大きくなるため、フラックス・フロ
ー抵抗は小さくなることが分かっている。When a magnetic field is applied from a direction perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal axis of such a high-temperature superconductor, the upper critical magnetic field ( Hc2 ) is, for example, 500 in the case of a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O-based ceramic.
It is known that the flux flow resistance becomes small because it is extremely large as [T] or more.
そこで、本発明では、上記セラミックの高温超電導体
を溶融法等の方法でもって、均質で臨界電流密度が所定
の値、つまり、実用的には1000〔A/m2〕程度以下の導体
に構成し、かつこのように構成した導体の結晶軸のｃ軸
に垂直な方向から下部臨界磁場以上の磁場をかけて使用
することにより、小さなフラックス・フロー抵抗での使
用を可能にしている。臨界電流密度の著しく低い超電導
体を作製するには、ピン止めの非常に弱い超電導体を作
製する。例えば、超電導体中から格子欠陥や不純物を除
き、非常に均質で単結晶的な超電導体を作製すれば臨界
電流密度の極めて低い超電導体が得られる。臨界電流電
度は理想的には０であることが望ましいが、現実にはそ
れは不可能であるので、可能な限り低く実用的には1000
A/m2程度以下であれば安定なフラックス・フロー状態が
維持できる。また、高温超電導体としては、特に限定を
受けるものではないが、ビスマス系高温超電導体（Bi−
Sr−Ca−Cu−Ｏ系セラミックス）の使用がフラックス・
フロー抵抗を小さくする上で好ましい。Therefore, in the present invention, the ceramic high-temperature superconductor is formed into a conductor having a predetermined critical current density of a uniform value, that is, about 1000 [A / m 2 ] or less practically, by a method such as a melting method. In addition, by applying a magnetic field equal to or higher than the lower critical magnetic field from a direction perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal axis of the conductor thus configured, it is possible to use the conductor with a small flux flow resistance. To produce a superconductor with a very low critical current density, a very weakly pinned superconductor is made. For example, a superconductor having a very low critical current density can be obtained by producing a very homogeneous and single-crystal superconductor by removing lattice defects and impurities from the superconductor. Ideally, the critical current electric power is desirably 0, but it is impossible in practice, so that it is as low as possible and practically 1000.
If it is about A / m 2 or less, a stable flux flow state can be maintained. The high-temperature superconductor is not particularly limited, but a bismuth-based high-temperature superconductor (Bi-
The use of Sr-Ca-Cu-O based ceramics)
This is preferable for reducing the flow resistance.
第１図（Ａ）および（Ｂ）は、本発明の線材の使用方
法の一例を示す図である。1 (A) and 1 (B) are views showing an example of a method of using the wire of the present invention.
第１図において、高温超電導線材１は上記セラミック
の高温超電導体を溶融法等の方法でもって、均質で臨界
電流密度が所定値以下に構成したものである。この高温
超電導線材１は、第１図（Ａ）に示すように、ボビン３
に巻回されている。このとき、高温超電導線材１は第１
図（Ｂ）において、図示矢印で示すように結晶軸のｃ軸
がコイルの中心軸Ｏに対して垂直になるように巻回して
いる。In FIG. 1, a high-temperature superconducting wire 1 is formed by homogenizing a high-temperature superconductor made of the above-mentioned ceramic by a melting method or the like and having a critical current density equal to or lower than a predetermined value. This high-temperature superconducting wire 1 is, as shown in FIG.
It is wound around. At this time, the high-temperature superconducting wire 1
In FIG. 5B, the coil is wound so that the c-axis of the crystal axis is perpendicular to the center axis O of the coil as shown by the arrow in the drawing.
このようにコイルを構成することにより、コイルの中
心Ｏに沿って、図示矢印φで示すような交流磁場が発生
し、高温超電導線材１の結晶軸のｃ軸に垂直な磁場が高
温超電導線材１に印加されることになる。By configuring the coil in this manner, an alternating magnetic field is generated along the center O of the coil as shown by an arrow φ in the drawing, and a magnetic field perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal axis of the high-temperature superconducting wire 1 is generated. Will be applied.
これにより、フラックス・フロー抵抗が小さくなり、
これが超電導しゃへい電流のヒステリシス効果に伴うヒ
ステリシス損失より小さくなるので、低損失化のための
高温超電導体の細フィラメント化が不要になる。This reduces the flux flow resistance,
Since this is smaller than the hysteresis loss caused by the hysteresis effect of the superconducting shielding current, it is not necessary to make the high-temperature superconductor a fine filament for reducing the loss.
第１図に示す構成において、フラックス・フロー抵抗
による損失Wfと、従来型の設計による導体の場合に発生
するヒステリシス損失Whを以下に比較してみる。In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the loss W f by the flux flow resistance, hysteresis loss W h occurring in the case of the conductor by conventional design Comparing below.
従来型の設計の場合の超電導線材において、臨界電流
密度をJc、フィラメントを一辺Ｄの正方形とすると、 Wf/Wh＝４πρnJ2/（３πHc2fJCD） …１ と計算される。ここで、ｆは交流の周波数、ρｎは超電
導が完全に壊れたときの抵抗、Ｊはフラックス・フロー
状態の導体に流れる電流密度である。In the superconducting wire in the case of conventional design, it is calculated in terms of critical current density Jc, the filament is a square one side D, W f / W h = 4πρ n J 2 / (3πH c2 fJ C D) ... 1 and . Here, f is the frequency of the alternating current, pn is the resistance when the superconductivity is completely broken, and J is the current density flowing through the conductor in the flux flow state.
そして、臨界電流密度JCとしては従来の金属系の超電
導体で典型的な105〔A/m2〕をとり、一辺Ｄを0.1〔mm〕
とした超電導線材を考える。The critical current density J C is 10 5 [A / m 2 ], which is typical for a conventional metallic superconductor, and the side D is 0.1 [mm].
Consider a superconducting wire rod with
一方、高温超電導体の超電導が完全に壊れたときの抵
抗ρｎの典型的な値をρｎ＝10-6〔Ω・ｍ〕とし、Hc2
を500〔Ｔ〕として、上記第１式を計算する。On the other hand, a typical value of the resistance ρ n when the superconductivity of the high-temperature superconductor is completely broken is ρ n = 10 −6 [Ω · m], and H c2
Is set to 500 [T], and the first equation is calculated.
この計算結果を第２図に示す。第２図は、横軸下方に
Ｊ（×108〔A/m2〕）を、横軸上方にJ/JCを、縦軸にWf/
Whをとったものである。FIG. 2 shows the calculation results. FIG. 2 shows J (× 10 8 [A / m 2 ]) below the horizontal axis, J / J C above the horizontal axis, and W f /
Wh is taken.
第２図において、Wf/Wh＝１の直線より下に出ている
領域が、各周波数においてフラックス・フロー抵抗Wfの
方が小さい領域である。例えば、400〔Hz〕で１×10
8〔A/m2〕を流して使うときは、フラックス・フロー状
態で使うときのフラックス・フロー損失Wfは、従来型の
線材のヒステリシス損失の約10分の１になることがわか
る。In FIG. 2, a region below the straight line of W f / W h = 1 is a region where the flux flow resistance W f is smaller at each frequency. For example, 1 × 10 at 400 [Hz]
It can be seen that when using 8 [A / m 2 ], the flux flow loss W f when used in a flux flow state is about one tenth of the hysteresis loss of the conventional wire.
この結果より、本発明によれば、使用する周波数が高
ければ高いほど、フラックス・フロー状態での使用にお
いて従来型の線材より有利になることが理解できる。し
たがって、例えば航空機の中で使用される電源は400Hz
の交流が使われていることから、このような分野に応用
できる。また、現状の高温超電導体の場合、ピンニング
センターを導入し臨界電流密度を108〔A/m2〕レベルま
で上げ、同時に0.1〔mm2〕オーダーの細フィラメント化
をはかるには長期にわたる研究を重ねて開発することが
必要であるが、本発明によれば現状の高温超電導体を利
用して比較的簡単に実用導体を作成することが可能にな
る。更に、本発明の場合、フラックス・フローによる発
熱を伴なうが、液体窒素は液体ヘリウムに較べて冷却コ
ストが約1/50と安いので、フラックス・フロー損失によ
る発熱が多少大きくても経済的に引き合う。From this result, it can be seen that, according to the present invention, the higher the frequency used, the more advantageous it is for use in flux flow conditions over conventional wires. So, for example, the power supply used in aircraft is 400Hz
Since this type of exchange is used, it can be applied to such fields. In the case of the current high-temperature superconductors, long-term research is needed to introduce a pinning center to raise the critical current density to the level of 10 8 [A / m 2 ] and at the same time to reduce the filament to the order of 0.1 [mm 2 ]. According to the present invention, it is possible to relatively easily produce a practical conductor using the current high-temperature superconductor. Further, in the case of the present invention, although heat is generated by flux flow, the cooling cost of liquid nitrogen is about 1/50 of that of liquid helium, so that even if heat generated by flux flow loss is somewhat large, it is economical. Attract to
尚、上述の実施例は本発明の好適な実施の一例ではあ
るがこれに限定されるものではなく本発明の要旨を逸脱
しない範囲において種々変形実施可能である。例えば、
上記実施例では、Bi−Sr−Ca−Cu−Ｏ系セラミックの高
温超電導体で説明したが、もちろん他の構成の高温超電
導体を使用してもよい。また、上記セラミックの高温超
電導体を溶融法等の方法で線材としたが、他の方法によ
って線材としてもよい。The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example,
In the above embodiment, the description has been made of the high-temperature superconductor of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O-based ceramic. However, a high-temperature superconductor having another configuration may be used. Further, the ceramic high-temperature superconductor is made into a wire by a method such as a melting method, but may be made into a wire by another method.
（発明の効果） 以上の説明より明らかなように、本発明の高温超電導
線材は細線化をすることなく簡単に製作でき、ヒステリ
シス損失・交流損失の少ない導体を得ることができる。
しかも、この導体は高周波での応用に特に好適であると
いう効果がある。(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the high-temperature superconducting wire of the present invention can be easily manufactured without thinning, and a conductor with less hysteresis loss and AC loss can be obtained.
In addition, this conductor has an effect that it is particularly suitable for high frequency applications.
第１図は（Ａ）及び第１図（Ｂ）は本発明の高温超電導
導体の使用状態の一例を示す斜視図及び縦断面図であ
る。 第２図は本発明による高温超電導線材のWf/Wh−Ｊ特性
図である。 １……高温超電導線材、 ３……ボビン、 Ｏ……コイル中心。1 (A) and 1 (B) are a perspective view and a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a use state of a high-temperature superconductor according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a W f / W h -J characteristic diagram of the high-temperature superconducting wire according to the present invention. 1 ... high temperature superconducting wire 3 ... bobbin O ... coil center
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H01L 39/00 H01L 39/02 C01B 13/14 C01G 29/00 H01B 12/00 H01F 6/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) H01L 39/00 H01L 39/02 C01B 13/14 C01G 29/00 H01B 12/00 H01F 6/00
Claims (2)
導体をフラックス・フロー状態に維持し、交流電流を流
すことを特徴とする高温超電導導体の交流通電方法。1. A method for applying an alternating current to a high-temperature superconducting conductor, comprising maintaining a high-temperature superconducting conductor having a critical current density of 1000 A / m 2 or less in a flux flow state and passing an alternating current.
垂直な方向から下部臨界磁場以上の磁場をかけると共に
ab面内を電流が流れるように交流電流を流すことを特徴
とする請求項１記載の高温超電導導体の交流通電方法。2. A method for applying a magnetic field equal to or more than a lower critical magnetic field to the high-temperature superconducting conductor from a direction perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal axis thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein an alternating current is applied so that the current flows in the ab plane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02249546A JP3100151B2 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | AC conduction method for HTS conductor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02249546A JP3100151B2 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | AC conduction method for HTS conductor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04127585A JPH04127585A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
| JP3100151B2 true JP3100151B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 |
Family
ID=17194601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02249546A Expired - Fee Related JP3100151B2 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | AC conduction method for HTS conductor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3100151B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2717236B1 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2018-03-14 | Crane Payment Innovations, Inc. | Optical detector arrangement for document acceptor |
-
1990
- 1990-09-19 JP JP02249546A patent/JP3100151B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04127585A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
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