JP3105176B2 - Mushroom germination mushroom promoter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mushroom-promoting agent for mushrooms that can be conveniently and surely concentrated when producing mushrooms from a wooden log or an artificial log.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, wooden logs, artificial logs (fungus beds,
In order to promote the mushroom outbreak (mushroom) from the culture medium)
It is necessary to convert a log or a ripe culture medium infested with hyphae from vegetative growth to reproductive growth to form a fruit body (mushroom) primordium.

In order to promote mushroom production, a method of applying a low-temperature stimulus or impact, or a method of culturing or cultivating under an atmosphere containing ethylene gas (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-861) has been proposed.

Further, a method of cultivating a mushroom species already proposed by the present inventors by placing the same under an atmosphere containing volatile benzene hydrocarbons or phenols (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-194246). In the case of (1), in addition to the fact that there is a variation in the mushroom effect in each of the trees, there are problems such as concentrated mushrooms in which small fruiting bodies mushroom at once, and deformation. This means that when processing at the cultivation site, the concentration of volatile substances in the atmosphere is likely to change due to other environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and wind, and it is difficult to maintain effective processing conditions for mushrooms. to cause. Furthermore, there is a problem that using a high concentration of a benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenol by mistake to obtain a strong mushroom effect is dangerous in the working environment.

[0005] Further, in Example 23 of the above-mentioned JP-A-7-194246, it is described that a benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenol is used by diluting it 100 times with an alcohol. The dilution with an organic solvent has a problem that the amount of the active ingredient is small compared to the case where benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols are used as they are, and that the mushroom effect is temporary because it is easy to volatilize in a short time. Was.

[0006]

Accordingly, as a result of intensive studies to provide a highly safe mushroom-promoting agent, the use of benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols homogenized in an aqueous medium has improved safety. On the other hand, even when the concentration of benzene hydrocarbons or phenols is considerably low, it was unexpectedly found that the effect of promoting mushrooms could be sufficiently realized, and the present invention was completed. What is necessary is that mushrooms can be easily and reliably induced in a short period of time, and the mushroom yield is high. To provide. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a mushroom-promoting mushroom promoter which has a sustained effect without variation in the effect of producing mushrooms and which can be safely processed by an operator.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom mushroom promoter comprising volatile benzene hydrocarbons or phenols, wherein the hydrocarbons or phenols are homogenized in an aqueous medium. Hatsukinoko promoter mushroom, characterized in that it is or further containing a surfactant,
Seen, this in which the surfactant is also homogenized in an aqueous medium
This is achieved by the mushroom mushroom promoter.

[0008]

Next, the present invention will be described in detail. The mushroom-promoting mushroom promoter of the present invention contains volatile benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols and an aqueous medium.

First, examples of volatile benzene hydrocarbons used in the present invention include toluene and xylene shown in the following chemical formulas (1) and (2).

In the phenols, at least one of the substituents on the benzene ring is a hydroxyl group (—OH), and further, a methyl group (—CH ₃ ), a methoxy group (—OCH ₃ ) or the like. And those having a structural formula substituted with Examples of such phenols include dimethylphenol (xylenol), dimethoxyphenol, vanillin, cresol, and guaiacol (methoxyphenol) shown in Chemical Formulas 3 to 8 below. These may be used alone or in combination of several kinds. The volatile benzene hydrocarbons or phenols are
It may be an isomer of the compound represented by the following formulas (1) to (8).

Among these compounds, xylene is particularly preferable because it has a superior mushroom-promoting effect even at a low concentration. Vanillin is also preferable in that mushroom transformation is unlikely to occur even at a high concentration, and that it is safe in the working environment.
In addition, processed products such as paints, lacquers, and fragrances containing these may be used.

[0012]

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[0013]

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[0014]

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[0015]

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[0016]

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[0017]

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[0018]

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[0019]

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As the aqueous medium used in the present invention, tap water,
Water such as distilled water and well water is used. Further, these waters may appropriately contain a drug component such as an antibacterial agent.

The concentration of volatile benzene hydrocarbons or phenols contained in the mushroom-promoting agent of the present invention is 0.1.
It is preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight.
１1% by weight. The concentration of the aqueous medium is 90 to 9
9.99% by weight is preferable, and more preferably 99 to 9% by weight.
9.9% by weight.

That is, since the mushroom-promoting agent containing these concentration ranges has a very low concentration of volatile benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols, it has no effect on the human body and has a sufficient mushroom-producing effect. can get.

The volatile benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols and the aqueous medium may be contained in the homogenized mushroom promoter in a homogenized state using a high-pressure homogenizer or a homomixer at a high temperature. And the method of physically emulsifying. The determination as to whether or not homogenization can be made by confirming that a state in which the upper layer and the lower layer have not been separated immediately after mixing is maintained for several hours. .

Prior to homogenization with the aqueous medium, it is necessary to dissolve the benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenol and the water-soluble organic solvent in a ratio of about 1: 1 beforehand, while suppressing volatility and homogenizing. It is preferable to stabilize the state.

Examples of the water-soluble organic solvent include ethyl alcohol.

By homogenizing the aqueous medium, a sustained-release property can be imparted to the benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenol, so that the mushroom-promoting effect can be maintained for a long time without causing mushroom modification. Can last. In addition, the affinity of benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols for the wood is increased, that is, it can penetrate the coating under the surface of the wood. Can also exert a mushroom promoting effect.

When a surfactant is used in the mushroom-promoting agent of the present invention together with the volatile benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenol and an aqueous medium, the homogenization-stabilizing, spreading and spreading of the mushroom-promoting agent can be achieved. This is preferable because of its large penetration effect. As the type of the surfactant, a nonionic surfactant is preferable in that the surfactant can exert its effect without affecting the hypha. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include (a) polyoxyethylene alkyl ether such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, (a) polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether such as polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, and polyoxyethylene monooleate. (E) polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as (E) polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, (e) polyhydric alcohol fatty acids such as glycerin monooleate and sucrose monostearate Esters and the like. These nonionic surfactants may be used alone or in combination of several kinds.

The concentration of the surfactant contained in the mushroom-promoting agent of the present invention is preferably less than 10% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight.

That is, if the surfactant is contained in the above range, the volatile benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenols in the mushroom-promoting agent and the aqueous medium can be easily emulsified and stabilized only by stirring with a homomixer. It is possible. Furthermore, since the log or artificial log can easily adsorb and absorb the mushroom promoter due to the permeation and spreading action of the surfactant, a higher mushroom promoter effect can be obtained.

The mushroom-promoting agent of the present invention can be applied to edible mushrooms in general, and includes, for example, shiitake mushroom, nameko, maitake, oyster mushroom, bunashimeji, willow matsutake, enokitake, and mushroom.

The mushroom-promoting mushroom promoter of the present invention includes, for example,
It is used as follows. That is, first, a mushroom inoculum is inoculated to a raw wood or a sterilized medium material, and the mushroom mycelium is spread. As a method for cultivating mushrooms, a conventionally known method may be used, and culturing using raw wood or culturing using a medium obtained by mixing sawdust, nutrients and the like may be used.

Next, the mushroom-promoting mushroom-promoting agent of the present invention is treated with the mushroom-promoting promoter of the present invention before or during the cultivation of the log or culture medium in which the mycelium is spread, ie, the log or artificial log. Let mushrooms.

As the treatment method, the most reliable method is to directly apply to the wood, such as spraying the mushroom promoter on a wooden log or an artificial log, or immersing in a promoter for several seconds to several hours. In addition, it is preferable because the effect of promoting the formation of mushrooms can be obtained. However, in addition to the above, indirect treatment such as spraying into the atmosphere in the cultivation house or applying to an appropriate place in the cultivation house such as a cultivation shelf or a passageway is performed. And the like. These methods may be used alone or in combination.

The above treatment may be carried out continuously or intermittently from the beginning of the cultivation, or may be carried out at a time when the cultivation yield decreases. Alternatively, it may be performed for the purpose of preparing the mushrooms concentrated at an appropriate time of cultivation. Alternatively, other methods for promoting mushrooms (water stimulation, low-temperature stimulation, hitting, pressurization, etc.) may be used simultaneously or alternately.

[0035]

The mushroom-promoting agent of the present invention can achieve a mushroom-promoting effect for a long period of time with a small amount of benzene-based hydrocarbons or phenols. As a result, it is possible to directly act on the fruit body primordium by passing through the coating under the surface layer of the tree, and to obtain volatile benzene-based hydrocarbons by homogenization in an aqueous medium. Alternatively, it is considered that phenols can be provided with sustained release properties.

[0036]

As described above, the mushroom-promoting mushroom of the present invention can maintain the mushroom-promoting effect for a long period of time even when the benzene-based hydrocarbon or phenol is at a low concentration. variations and of mushrooms, there is no variation in the Hatsukinoko promoting effects, yet there is no and this adversely affect the mushrooms and the human body. When cultivated using the mushroom-promoting promoter of the present invention, the conventional mushroom-promoting can be achieved by cultivating a loaf tree using the mushroom-promoting promoter of the present invention without adversely affecting mushrooms and the human body. Compared to the method, the mushrooms are more reliable, and a large amount of large mushrooms can be harvested in a short period of time. Therefore, since the cultivation period can be shortened and the harvest time can be centralized, the efficiency of cultivation process management can be improved.
In addition, there are many types of mushrooms to which the mushroom promoting agent can be applied, and there is versatility. In addition, it can be easily performed without requiring special equipment or labor.

[0037]

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. Prior to this, the method of producing and cultivating the artificial log tree used in the examples and comparative examples, and the present invention will be described. A method for evaluating the effect of the mushroom-producing mushroom promoter will be described.

<Method for Producing Artificial Trees> After mixing sawdust, rice bran and fu at a ratio of 8: 1: 1, water was added, and 1 kg of a medium adjusted to a water content of 63% was filled into a polypropylene culture bag. And heat sterilized. Next, Shiitake mushroom inoculum was inoculated into the above-mentioned medium, and the culture bag was closed and the upper part thereof was cultured. Then, after the hyphae spread, the mycelial mass was taken out and made into an artificial log. In the examples and comparative examples, 30 artificial ropes in each group were used.

<Cultivation Method of Artificial Bridges> Cultivation of artificial bridges was carried out in a cultivation house at a constant temperature of 20 ° C. for 30 days, unless otherwise specified.

<Evaluation method> (1) ( Days until the first harvest of fruiting bodies ) The number of days until the first harvesting of fruiting bodies is the average of the number of days required from the start of cultivation to the first harvest for a mushroom tree Expressed by value.

(2) ( Embodiment rate of fruiting body ) The incidence of fruiting body is expressed by the ratio of the number of trees with shiitake mushrooms to the total number of trees in each group.

(3) ( Amount of fruiting body ) The amount of fruiting body occurrence is represented by an average yield per one tree calculated from the total yield on the 30th day after the start of cultivation.

[0043] (4) (fruiting variation rate) fruiting variation rate is represented by percentage of the total weight variations were fruiting of Chota, etc. of the curved or microbes Pattern bacteria umbrella occupied in a total yield of each group You.

<Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3> The artificial mushrooms were provided with the mushroom-promoting promoters shown in Table 1 in amounts of 20 to
After spraying directly to 50 ml, it was immediately used for cultivation.

Comparative Example 4 Artificial trees (30 trees) were treated for 24 hours under an atmosphere of volatile xylene gas (50 ppm), and then subjected to cultivation.

Comparative Example 5 The procedure of Comparative Example 4 was repeated except that ethylene gas was used instead of volatile xylene gas.

<Comparative Example 6> Simultaneously with the start of cultivation, a 100 ml beaker into which 50 ml of xylene had been poured was left in an appropriate place in the cultivation house, and after 24 hours, the beaker was taken out and cultivated.

<Comparative Example 7> The artificial wood was immersed in a water immersion tank at 7 ° C (water temperature) for 8 hours, and then used for cultivation.

<Comparative Example 8> The artificial wood was subjected to cultivation without any particular treatment for promoting mushrooms.

<Comparative Example 9> Atmosphere temperature of the cultivation house was 2
Cultivation was performed in accordance with the above-described cultivation method, except that the air conditioning was controlled at 0 ° C (daytime) and 10 ° C (nighttime).

Tables 1 and 2 show the results of the evaluations of the above Examples and Comparative Examples by the above-described evaluation methods. still,
The numerical values in the table represent% by weight.

[0052]

[Table 1]

[0053]

[Table 2]

From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the Example has a higher yield, the first initial mushrooms are produced earlier, there is no variation in the effect, and there are no deformed fruiting bodies, as compared with the known methods for promoting mushrooms shown in Comparative Examples. This shows that the mushroom promoting effect is extremely high.

Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/04

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A mushroom-promoting agent comprising a volatile benzene-based hydrocarbon or a phenol, wherein the hydrocarbon or the phenol is homogenized in an aqueous medium. Mushroom promoter. Wherein further comprising a surfactant, the surfactant
The agent for promoting mushroom mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the agent is also homogenized in an aqueous medium .