JP3124156B2 - Rotary crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a rotary crusher for crushing industrial waste and bulky waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of a cutter of a conventional rotary crusher. In the figure, (03) denotes a direction in which two axes are rotated in opposite directions about two axes that are horizontal, parallel, and close to each other.
A pair of cutters (04) indicates a plurality of blades mounted on the circumference of the cutter (03), respectively. The rotation speed is about 10 to 30 rpm for both axes, and the speed difference between the two axes is about 10 to 20 rpm.
This is to generate a shearing force and to crush the object to be crushed finely.

[0003]

The above-mentioned conventional rotary crusher relies on the rotational force of a hydraulic motor or an electric motor, and has a low speed. It was necessary to repeat forward and reverse. That is, at a speed of 10 to 30 rpm, only the shearing force due to the rotational force (torque) is used as the crushing force,
From the mechanism, the range of the shearing portion was wide, and the shearing force per unit length was small. Carpets and string-like materials are wrapped around and the rotational force of the crushing part is drawn in, and large garbage such as refrigerators and washing machines get stuck between two axes and rotation stops, making it impossible to crush. In this case, forward and reverse rotations are frequently repeated, which is inefficient.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention provides a casing having an inlet for an object to be crushed and an outlet for an object to be crushed at a lower portion, and a horizontal casing within the casing. And a cutter that rotates in two opposite directions about two axes that are parallel and close to each other, wherein the peripheral speeds of the cutters are different from each other, and the blade of the lower speed cutter is opposite to the rotation direction. A rotary crusher characterized in that a balance wheel is mounted on the rotating shaft of the high-speed cutter; and an inlet for crushed material at the upper part and a discharge port for crushed material at the lower part. And a cutter rotating in opposite directions about two axes that are horizontal, parallel, and adjacent to each other in the casing, and the peripheral speeds of the cutters are different from each other. The blades of the different and low-speed cutters are mounted in a direction opposite to the rotation direction, and in addition to this, the outer peripheral surface has a plurality of claws and is close to and above the intermediate portion of the two cutters. A first feed roll rotating in the same direction as the high-speed cutter around an axis arranged in parallel with the axis, a plurality of claws on an outer peripheral surface, the first feed roll and the low-speed A second feed roll that rotates in the same direction as the lower speed cutter about an axis disposed in parallel with the axis in proximity to the cutter;
And a means for moving at least one of the two feed rolls. A rotary crusher is proposed.

[0005]

In the first means, since the peripheral speeds of the two cutters are different from each other, the difference between the peripheral speeds increases not only the normal shearing force but also the effect of tearing and crushing. Further, since the blade of the lower speed cutter is mounted in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, the shearing force with the higher speed side is increased. In addition, the rotation axis of the high-speed cutter
Since the balance wheel is installed, its kinetic energy is extremely large, and this becomes a large impact force (crushing energy). Even if the load fluctuates or momentary high load, not only stop / reverse, but also the rotation speed fluctuates. Almost none
Crushing is performed continuously and efficiently.

Further, in the second solving means, a first feed roll is provided near an intermediate portion between the two cutters, and a second feed roll is provided near the first feed roll and the sub-cutter. Since the feed rolls are provided, the material to be crushed is held at two points, that is, a first holding point between the two feed rolls and a second holding point between the first feed roll and the sub-cutter, and a second holding point. The distance from the holding point to the crushing part by the cutter is extremely short. Therefore,
Even for carpets, futons, and string-like crushed materials,
A holding force that is not inferior to the force drawn by the cutter can be obtained, and the amount of drawing from the second holding point to the crushing portion is small, so that there is no risk of winding around the cutter or overloading.

[0007] In addition, in the second solving means,
Since at least one of the rotating shafts of the two feed rolls can be moved, even if large garbage such as a refrigerator or a washing machine is thrown in, the space between the two feed rolls should be sufficiently widened to take in and crush. Can be sent to the department.

[0008]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cutter and a feed roll in FIG. 1 taken out, and FIG. It is a top view and a side view.

In these figures, (1) is a casing, (1a) is a charging port for the material to be crushed provided at the upper part of the casing (1), and (1b) and (1c) are also provided at the lower part. The outlet for crushed materials and the outlet for difficult-to-crush materials are shown respectively. The casing (1) is installed via a vibrating conveyor (2).

(3a) and (3b) are horizontal and parallel to each other in the casing (1).
A main cutter and a sub-cutter that rotate in opposite directions about an axis. The peripheral speeds of these cutters are different from each other. For example, the peripheral speed of the main cutter (3a) is 3 m / s.
And high speed, the peripheral speed of the sub-cutter (3b) is 0.09 m /
s and slow. The blade (4a) of the high speed main cutter (3a) is mounted in the direction of rotation, and the blade (4b) of the low speed sub cutter (3b) is mounted in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation. Have been. (5a), (5b)
Is a disk. The rotation axis of the main cutter (3a)
As shown in Fig. 2, balance wheel (flywheel)
(6) is attached.

(7a) is a first feed roll having a plurality of claws (8a) on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and the above-mentioned shaft is provided near an intermediate portion between the two cutters (3a) and (3b). At a low speed in the same direction as the main cutter (3a). (7b) is a second feed roll, which also has a plurality of claws (8b) on the outer peripheral surface, and is close to the first feed roll (7b) and the sub-cutter (3b) and is attached to the shaft. It rotates at low speed in the same direction as the sub-cutter (3b) around an axis arranged in parallel.

The rotary shaft of the first feed roll (7a) is pressed horizontally toward the second feed roll (7b) by a hydraulic cylinder (9a). The pressing force is kept constant by the relief valve (10). The rotation axis of the second feed roll (7b) can also move around the axial position of the first feed roll (7a).

The material to be crushed introduced from the inlet (1a) at the top of the casing (1) is caught between the first and second feed rolls (7a) and (7b), and is sent out at a constant speed. After being sheared and crushed by the main cutter (3a) and the sub-cutter (3b), the lower outlet (1
b).

In this embodiment, the main cutter (3a) rotates inward at a high speed, and its blade (4a) faces in the direction of rotation. On the other hand, the sub-cutter (3b) also rotates inward at a low speed, and its blade (4b) faces in the direction opposite to the rotation direction. Therefore, there is a large speed difference between the blades (4a) and (4b), which generates not only a normal shearing force but also a large tearing force.

Further, since the relative speed is large, it is not necessary to make the discs (5a) and (5b) of the two cutters dense, and the gap can be made large as shown in FIG. 3 (a). . This makes it possible to shorten the overall length of the shear crushing section and increase the shearing force per unit length.
If the gap is small as in the related art, not only the cutting resistance is large, but also the number of overlapping portions of the blades increases.
When a thin object (for example, a galvanized steel plate, a plastic plate, a wire, etc.) is caught in this overlapping portion (gap), it becomes wedge-shaped, and its resistance is extremely large.
The rotation force loses and stops. In this case, conventionally,
Crushing and crushing, for example, by turning the cutter over. In the present embodiment, since the gap is large, not only the shearing and crushing of the overlapping portion of the blades but also the tearing force with the low-speed sub-cutter is not wedge-shaped, and the rotation is not stopped. A crushing action is obtained. This difference becomes particularly pronounced as the edge of the blade wears.

In this embodiment, two cutters (3
a), a first feed roll (7a) is provided in the vicinity of an intermediate portion between the first feed roll (7a) and the sub-cutter (3b). Since the roll (7b) is provided, the material to be crushed is first caught between the two feed rolls (7a) and (7b), and then the first feed roll (7a) and the sub cutter (3b) Between the two cutters (3a), (3b). That is, in the present embodiment, when a carpet, a futon, or a string-like crushed material is supplied, the crushed material is placed between the first holding point A between the two feed rolls (7a) and (7b) and the first holding point A. Is held at two points of the second holding point B between the feed roll (7a) and the sub-cutter (3b), and the distance from the second holding point B to the crushed portion C by the cutter is extremely short. . Conventionally, the carpet-like or string-like material to be crushed is pulled into the cutter crushing part at once at a speed corresponding to the peripheral speed of the cutter as soon as it leaves the holding point.
In many cases, the load was excessive and stopped rotating due to wrapping around the cutter. The two feed rolls (7a) and (7b) of the present embodiment are rotating bodies having a large torque at a low speed, and are provided with a plurality of claws on the outer peripheral surface thereof to improve biting. The crushed material that is about to be drawn into is gripped and sent out at a constant speed. As described above, there are two holding points A and B, and the distance between the last (second) holding point B and the crushing portion C is extremely short. Therefore, the holding force that is not inferior to the force drawn by the cutter is maintained, and the amount (dimension) drawn into the crushing portion C after leaving the holding point B is small, so that there is no possibility of being overloaded. The holding force at points A and B (each 1 to 2t) can be adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder (9a).

Further, in this embodiment, since the rotary shaft of the first feed roll (7a) is pressed by the hydraulic cylinder (9a) toward the second feed roll (7b) with a constant force, the first feed roll (7a) is pressed. (7a) freely and automatically moves in accordance with the size, quantity and quality of the material to be crushed, and the distance from the second feed roll (7b) changes. In the case where the object to be crushed is a carpet as described above, the crushed object is grasped here so as not to be drawn into the crushing part at once. When the crushed material is oversized garbage such as a refrigerator or a washing machine, two feed rolls (7a),
The gap of (7b) is sufficiently widened, taken in, and sent to the cutter crushing section while being compressed and crushed, and further crushed. And also, the second feed roll (7
Since the rotation shaft of b) can also be moved, when waste that is difficult to crush is thrown in, the second feed roll (7b) moves upward to open between the sub-cutter (3b) and the discharge port. It is discharged as it is from (1c).

Although the kinetic energy is generally proportional to the square of the speed and the mass, in this embodiment, the balance wheel (6) having a large mass is attached to the high-speed main cutter (3a). The kinetic energy is extremely large, which results in a large impact force (crushing energy).
And even if the load fluctuates or momentary high load occurs,
Let alone reverse rotation, there is almost no change in rotation speed, and crushing is continuously and efficiently performed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the result of a test performed to confirm the effect of the present embodiment. A number of refrigerators were put into the rotary crusher having the structure shown in FIG. 1 as crushed objects, and the number of revolutions of the main cutter was changed to determine the probability of crushing the refrigerator. The horizontal axis represents the rotation speed, peripheral speed, and kinetic energy of the main cutter. According to this figure, it can be seen that good results are obtained when the peripheral speed of the main cutter is 1.7 m / s or more. It was also found that the peripheral speed of the sub-cutter should be less than 0.6 m / s.

[0020]

Second Embodiment FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the low-speed sub-cutter (3b) is arranged at a position slightly higher than the high-speed main cutter (3a). In addition, only one feed roll (7) is provided near the middle part of the cutter and obliquely above, and rotates in the same direction as the main cutter (3a). And
The rotating shaft of the feed roll (7) is pressed by a hydraulic cylinder (9a) toward the sub cutter (3b) with a constant force. The discharge port (1c) for difficult-to-crush materials is opened behind the sub-cutter (3b), and is provided with a door (11) that opens and closes with a constant compression force by a hydraulic cylinder (9b). The fact that the blade of the sub-cutter (3b) is mounted in the direction opposite to the rotation direction and that the plurality of claws (8) are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the feed roll (7) are described in the first embodiment. Same as the example.

The material to be crushed introduced from the inlet (1a) at the upper part of the casing (1) is held between the feed roll (7) and the sub-cutter (3b) (point B) and held or compressed and crushed. While being sent out to the crushing section C at a constant speed, and is completely crushed by the main cutter (3b) and the sub-cutter (3b), it is discharged from the discharge port (1b).

In this embodiment, since the rotary shaft of the feed roll (7) is pressed by the hydraulic cylinder (9a) toward the sub cutter (3b) with a constant force, the feed roll (7) is crushed. It moves automatically according to the quality, quantity and size of the object, and the distance from the sub-cutter (3b) changes. When the object to be crushed is a futon, a carpet, a string, or the like, the object to be crushed is firmly grasped by the holding portion B so as not to be drawn into the crushing portion C at once. If the crushed material is a large-sized refuse such as a refrigerator, the space between the feed roll (7) and the sub-cutter (3b) is sufficiently widened and taken in, and the crushed material is sent to the crushing unit C while being crushed. When an object that is difficult to crush is thrown in, the door (11) is opened by the hydraulic cylinder (9b), and the discharge port (1) is opened.
Discharge from c). Other functions and effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.

[0023]

According to the present invention, various types of crushed materials such as industrial waste and bulky trash can be efficiently crushed by the combined force of shearing, compression, tearing and impact.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional side view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cutter and a feed roll in FIG. 1 taken out.

3 is a view showing only the cutter in FIG. 1 taken out, and FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view and FIG. 3 (b) is a side view.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the results of a test performed to confirm the effects of the above embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional side view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a cutter of a conventional rotary crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Casing (03) Cutter (04) Blade (1a) Input port for crushed material (1b) Discharge port for crushed material (1c) Discharge port for difficult-to-crush material (2) Vibrating conveyor (3a) Main cutter (3b) ) Sub cutter (4a), (4b) Blade (5a), (5b) Disk (6) Balance wheel (7) Feed roll (7a) First feed roll (7b) Second feed roll (8), ( 8a), (8b) Claw (9a), (9b) Hydraulic cylinder (10) Relief valve (11) Door

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 18/00-18/44

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A casing having an inlet for an object to be crushed at an upper portion and an outlet for a crushed object at a lower portion, and a cutter rotating in two directions parallel to and parallel to each other in the casing in opposite directions. And those with
The peripheral speeds of these cutters are different from each other, and the blade of the lower speed cutter is mounted in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, and the balance wheel is mounted on the rotation axis of the higher speed cutter. Rotary crusher. 2. A casing having an inlet for an object to be crushed and an outlet for an object to be crushed at an upper portion thereof, and a cutter rotating in two opposite directions parallel to each other horizontally and parallel to each other in the casing. And those with
The peripheral speeds of the cutters are different from each other, and the blade of the lower speed cutter is mounted in a direction opposite to the rotation direction, and in addition to this, a plurality of claws are provided on the outer peripheral surface and an intermediate portion of the two cutters is provided. A first feed roll that rotates in the same direction as the high-speed cutter around an axis disposed close to and parallel to the axis, the first feed roll having a plurality of claws on an outer peripheral surface thereof; And a second feed roll that rotates in the same direction as the low-speed cutter around an axis arranged in parallel with the low-speed cutter in proximity to the low-speed cutter and the two low-speed cutters. A rotary crusher comprising means for moving at least one rotation shaft.