JP3136265B2 - Plant cultivation soil - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for applying VA to purified water cake.
The present invention relates to a plant cultivation soil obtained by mixing mycorrhizal fungi, a plant cultivation method using the plant cultivation soil, and a method for growing a VA mycorrhizal fungus. More specifically, a plant cultivation cultivation soil, a plant cultivation method, and a growth of VA mycorrhizal fungi utilizing a combination of a purified water cake, which is a soil having a high phosphate absorption coefficient and a small amount of effective phosphoric acid, and a VA mycorrhizal fungus. About the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Agricultural utilization of soil generated from a water purification plant or a water purification cake is described in detail in "Water purification cake: characteristics and problems in agricultural utilization" edited by Japan Society of Soil Fertilizers (Hakutosha). In the process of water purification treatment, polyaluminum chloride or liquid aluminum sulfate is used as a flocculant, so a large amount of soluble aluminum is contained in the water purification cake, and this active aluminum is the phosphoric acid absorption coefficient of the water purification cake. And the effective phosphoric acid in the purified water cake is reduced, so that when the purified water cake is used for cultivation of crops, the crop becomes phosphoric acid deficient. Therefore, in order to use the purified water cake as a cultivation soil for crops, it is necessary to add phosphoric acid in an amount corresponding to the phosphoric acid absorption coefficient.
Therefore, it is difficult to use the purified water cake for growing crops. Among the plant cultivation cultivation soils, the cultivation soil for greening generally uses a mixture of organic and inorganic soil amendments and fertilizer in the lower soil of the soil. As a growth base material for spraying the slope, a material obtained by mixing an appropriate amount of soil, peat moss, bark compost, and the like is used, and fertilizer, seeds, agglomerated materials, and the like are mixed therein and constructed. Fertilizers used for greening are easily leached out by rainfall and the like, and contribute to environmental pollution such as eutrophication of rivers and lakes. Therefore, development of soil for greening without such environmental pollution is desired.

[0003] On the other hand, VA mycorrhizal fungi are a kind of fungi belonging to algae and are fungi that form VA mycorrhiza in many plants. VA mycorrhizal fungi absorb phosphoric acid and minerals from soil. A plant is a completely symbiotic bacterium that maintains a symbiotic relationship with each other by providing carbohydrates and amino acids necessary for the growth of the bacterium while supplying it to the plant. It is generally known that VA mycorrhizal fungi infect various plants, promote the growth of the plants, and improve the disease resistance of the plants. One of its effects is to supply the plants with phosphoric acid fixed in the soil (Agriculture and Horticulture, Vol. 62, No. 8, p.
930-937, 1987).

[0004] However, since VA mycorrhizal fungi are absolutely symbiotic fungi, it is considered impossible to purify them purely, and the only way to utilize them for cultivating plants is to use the symbiotic relationship with plants for culture and propagation. . It is considered very difficult to artificially culture VA mycorrhizal fungi. One of the causes is that it is necessary to increase the growth of host crops in order to grow VA mycorrhizal fungi. The fertilizer required for the growth of
It is mentioned that the growth of mycorrhizal fungi is inhibited. For the growth of VA mycorrhizal fungi, a method of mixing chemical fertilizers (JP-A-3-76572) and a method of using low-temperature liquid fertilizer (JP-A-55-118390, JP-A-60-23)
No. 7987, JP-A-62-19028), a method of absorbing organic fertilizer (JP-A-63-87973), and a method of using slow-release fertilizer (JP-A-6-2076).
No. 43) is known. These methods have drawbacks in that the preparation of the fertilizer component is complicated, and it takes time and labor, such as increasing the number of fertilizations according to the growth of the plant.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventor has made intensive studies to solve these conventional problems. As a result, the purified water cake to which VA mycorrhizal fungi was added was used as a cultivation soil for plant growth. Obtained the knowledge that the mycorrhizal fungi can be efficiently propagated and the plants grow well without applying fertilizers in particular, and thus the purified water cake to which the VA mycorrhizal fungi is added is effective as a material for greening. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is a plant cultivation soil obtained by adding a VA mycorrhizal fungus to a purified water cake, in which the VA mycorrhizal fungus grows efficiently and the plant grows without particularly applying a fertilizer. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation soil capable of doing this, a plant cultivation method using the same, and a method for growing VA mycorrhizal fungi.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cultivation soil for growing plants by mixing VA mycorrhizal fungi with a purified water cake. Further, the present invention provides a plant growing culture obtained by mixing a purified water cake with a VA mycorrhizal fungus to cultivate a plant capable of coexisting with the VA mycorrhizal fungus.
The present invention relates to a plant growing method characterized by cultivating a plant by causing mycorrhizal fungi to coexist with the plant and efficiently growing the VA mycorrhizal fungus. Furthermore, the present invention inoculates a plant cultivation soil consisting of a purified water cake with VA mycorrhizal fungi, cultivates a plant in which VA mycorrhizal fungi can coexist, and causes the VA mycorrhizal fungi to coexist with the plant to produce VA mycorrhizal fungi. The present invention relates to a plant growing method characterized by cultivating a plant by efficiently growing the plant. Further, the present invention provides a method in which VA mycorrhizal fungi coexist with plants that can coexist with VA mycorrhizal fungi, and then cultivates the plants infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi in a plant cultivation soil consisting of a purified water cake. The present invention relates to a method for growing VA mycorrhizal fungi, which is characterized by efficiently growing.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The purified water cake used in the present invention is obtained by concentrating and dewatering the sedimentary mud generated in the purification process. The purified water cake has a chemical injection process of injecting a chemical such as sulfuric acid, lime, or a polymer flocculant in the treatment process, and a non-chemical injection method of performing a dehydration process after concentrating or concentrating / freezing and thawing without adding a chemical. In order to use as a cultivation soil, it is desirable to use a purified water cake treated by a chemical-free injection treatment method. In the step of producing a purified water cake, the flocculant used for flocculating suspended substances in river water may be polyaluminum chloride or liquid aluminum sulfate. Also,
The dehydration method may be any of natural concentration treatment (sun drying), dehydration under pressure, freeze-thaw treatment and the like. The properties of the purified water cake used in the present invention are desirably a phosphoric acid absorption coefficient of 2,000 mg / 100 g or more and an effective phosphoric acid of 10 mg / 100 g or less.
Furthermore, total nitrogen is 0.3% or more, and total phosphoric acid is 0.1 to 2.0.
% Is desirable. Thus, the phosphate absorption coefficient indicating the amount of phosphoric acid that is absorbed and fixed to the soil and cannot be used by the plant is high,
In addition, by using a combination of a purified water cake and a VA mycorrhizal fungus, which has a low effective phosphoric acid indicating the amount of phosphoric acid in the soil that can be used by a plant, the VA mycorrhizal fungi can be efficiently propagated. It has an excellent effect that the growth of the plant is good.

[0008] In the present invention, the purified water cake may be in the form as it is generated, but preferably, the cake is crushed to a diameter of 10 mm or less and granulated. Moreover, what dried and granulated may be sufficient. In addition, since the VA mycorrhizal fungi are easily killed by various bacteria and the like, it is preferable to use a purified water cake that has been sterilized by chlorine sterilization, ozone sterilization, or the like. The purified water cake used as the plant cultivation soil in the present invention may be used alone, but according to the method of construction, a composting material,
A soil conditioner may be mixed. When used as soil for planting, the composting material to be mixed may be any commonly known compost, and naturally deposits various materials such as rice straw, wheat stalk, bark, sawdust, livestock manure, municipal garbage combost, or artificially. And compost obtained by a conventional method. The mixing amount of these composting materials is usually 5 to 50% by volume based on the purified water cake, preferably 20 to 30%.
% Capacity. The soil improving material to be mixed with the purified water cake may be a plant material such as peat moss, peat, charcoal, or a mineral material such as zeolite, permiculite, or perlite. The mixing amount of these soil conditioners is usually 5 to 50% by volume based on the purified water cake, preferably 10 to 2%.
5% capacity. When the plant cultivation cultivation soil of the present invention is used as a growth base material for slope greening, an appropriate amount of a purified water cake, bark compost, peat moss, etc. may be mixed according to the construction method. The mixing amount of the purified water cake is usually 10 to 10% in the growth base material.
50% capacity, preferably 15-30% capacity. Further, in the present invention, JP-A-5-219832 discloses that a water purified cake is added with Linster as a phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate as a potassium fertilizer, and 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine as a nitrogen fertilizer. The seedling cultivation soil described in JP-A-7-227144, which is obtained by adding phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and a porous inorganic material to a purified water cake containing excess manganese, may be used.

Specific examples of the VA mycorrhizal fungi used in the present invention include Scutellospor.
a) Genus, Glomus, Giga spora (G
igaspora, Acaulospora
spora), Sclerocystis (Scleroc)
ystis), Entropophora (Entroph)
ospora), and the like. Among these VA mycorrhizal fungi, gigaspora (G
VA mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus igaspora) are suitable. In particular, Margarita of the genus Gigaspora (Margarita)
VA mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the ita) species are preferred. Such VA
Mycorrhizal fungi are particularly suitable for use in combination with water-purified cakes, as they are fungi that grow well in soils with low active phosphoric acid. These VA mycorrhizal fungi are collected from the natural world, and a method using nutrient thin-film culture (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-118390) or a method using organ-cultured roots (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-4)
9037) or a commercially available product. Further, a culture of VA mycorrhizal fungi using a purified water cake may be used.

The amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi added to the purified water cake is V
The amount of A mycorrhizal fungi that can be transmitted to the plant may be used. Usually, the purified water cake is contained in an amount of 10 or more, preferably 100 or more, spores per liter of the plant growing medium of the present invention. It is good to add to. By cultivating the plant in the plant cultivation soil of the present invention obtained by mixing VA mycorrhizal fungus with the purified water cake thus obtained, the VA mycorrhizal fungi coexist with the plant and grow efficiently, and the plant is favorably grown. Grow.

Plants to be cultivated are plants that can coexist with VA mycorrhizal fungi, and include legumes such as soybean, clover, mung bean, peanut, alfalfa, equine coconut, crow's pea, goat, etc .; Grass plants such as bahyagrass, guineagrass, and grass, rose plants such as sharinbai, kodemari, azalea plants such as azalea and azalea, maple plants such as Japanese maple, asteraceae plants such as mugwort and begonia and the like. Most plants for greening and planting, such as plants of the family Spodoptera, are included. Cultivation of the plant can be carried out by employing a usual method, and is not particularly limited. In particular, considering the growth of VA mycorrhizal fungi, for example, a temperature of 5
It is preferable to cultivate at -40C, especially at 15-30C.

Further, in the present invention, instead of using a plant growing medium in which VA mycorrhizal fungi have been added to a purified water cake in advance, a plant growing medium consisting of a purified water cake is directly applied, and VA mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated there. You can also grow plants. As described above, the plant cultivation soil consisting of the water-purified cake used in this case may be a water-purified cake alone or a mixture of a composting material, a soil improving material, and the like. The VA mycorrhizal fungus can be applied simultaneously with sowing or transplanting the plant on the soil. The amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi inoculated is sufficient to infect plants.

Further, in the present invention, VA mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic with plants that can coexist with VA mycorrhizal fungi, and then the plants infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi are cultivated in a plant growing medium consisting of a purified water cake. And VA mycorrhizal fungi can be efficiently proliferated. In such a propagation method, the method of infecting a plant with VA mycorrhizal fungi is not particularly limited, and may be performed either before or after rooting of the corresponding plant. In particular, sowing, cutting, pre-treatment of cuttings and the like, sowing, cutting, cutting and buds at the same time, or planting of seedlings are preferable. In addition, as an enforcement method, it is preferable to mix with soil, mix into a strain, stack in a lower layer of soil, mix into a planting hole, and the like. The cultivation environment of a plant serving as a host for VA mycorrhizal fungi may be in accordance with an existing method.
Particularly, 15 to 30C is preferable.

In the present invention, a sun-dried bed can be used as a place for the growth of VA mycorrhizal fungi. The solar drying bed is a facility where concentrated sediment sludge, which is a purified water cake, is collected in a trout and dried by the sun. In order to dry to a certain water content (60% or less) in the summer, 1.5- Since two months and three to six months in winter are required, host crops can be cultivated during that time, and VA mycorrhizal fungi can be cultured. More specifically, the following method can be adopted. That is, when the water content of the settled sludge stored in the sun-dried floor becomes 80% or less, the soil is plowed, and the host plant is sown or transplanted. As a host plant, a single plant of a clover, a coconut palm, a goat of a leguminous plant, an alfalfa of a gramineous plant, and a crow's pea, or a mixture of several species are used. VA mycorrhizal fungi (preferably G
igaspora, Glomus). Fertilization may be performed without fertilization, but a phosphate fertilizer may be added as a component at an initial stage of cultivation in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 g / liter of soil. Cultivation starts in March and April and is completed in August and September. The start of cultivation can be hastened by coating with a vinyl film or the like or by heating. For watering, natural rainfall is used, but when rainfall is low, watering is performed appropriately.

The cultivation of VA mycorrhizal fungi can be carried out in a greenhouse as follows. 0.5 to 1 of purified water cake
Fill into liter capacity pots and sow or transplant host plants. As host plants, legumes such as clover, horseshoe palm, and goat, and grasses such as alfalfa and rape are used. At the start of cultivation of the host crop, the VA mycorrhizal fungi (preferably, the genus Gigaspora, Glomus
Genus). Fertilization may be performed without fertilization, but a phosphate fertilizer may be added as a component at an initial stage of cultivation in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 g / liter of soil. Air temperature is 10-40 ° C, preferably 20-
The temperature is controlled at 30 ° C. and watering is performed as appropriate. Cultivation is started and completed after a lapse of two months or more.

[0016] In the above-described method for growing the VA mycorrhizal fungi,
VA mycorrhizal fungi may be used in an amount that can infect plants. In particular, when growing using a large amount of soil, it is preferred to simultaneously apply a VA mycorrhizal fungus at the time of sowing the host plant.
As the host plant grows, the growth of VA mycorrhizal fungi becomes vigorous, and the substrate to which the propagated VA mycorrhizal fungus adheres can be used as a seed fungus as it is. Usually, spores begin to form when cultivated for more than two months. When more spores are to be formed, irrigation and the like are left for a while after the host crop has grown sufficiently. Wet sieving method from this cultivated soil (Tatsuhiko Suzuki, Problems for VA mycorrhiza 5, Agriculture and horticulture,
Vol. 62, No. 3, p. 28, 1987), and can be used as a VA mycorrhizal fungal preparation by adding and expanding a spore if necessary.

[0017]

As described in detail above, VA is applied to the purified water cake.
By cultivating a plant capable of coexisting with VA mycorrhizal fungi in a plant cultivation soil mixed with mycorrhizal fungi, it becomes possible to grow the plant well. In addition, by cultivating a plant infected with the VA mycorrhizal fungus on a plant cultivation soil consisting of a purified water cake, the VA mycorrhizal fungus can be efficiently proliferated.

[0018]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. Example 1 As a test culture soil, a purified water cake sifted through a 5 m / m sieve (phosphoric acid absorption coefficient 2300 to 2500 mg / 100 g;
Organic phosphoric acid 3-5mg / 100g; total nitrogen 0.8-
1.2%; total phosphoric acid 0.1 to 2.0%) mixed with 20% by volume of bark compost (effective phosphoric acid is 10 to 20 mg / 1)
00g) and VA mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspo collected from soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture by wet sieving.
A mixture of 10 spores of ra Margarita / 1 liter of soil was used. As a control, 20% of bark compost was mixed with field soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and IB chemical fertilizer (NPK = 10-10-10) was added at 0.5 g /
What added 1 liter of soil was used. A 10 liter pot was filled with test soil and field soil, respectively.
In April of the same year, seedlings of Konotegasiwa, Acer palmatum and Oomurasaki azalea were transplanted and sowed. The cultivation was carried out in the open field with watering as required, and the height of the tree or the weight of the cut grass after 6 months was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0019]

[Table 1] Table 1 ─────────────────────────────────── Test culture soil Tree height extension (cm ) Cut turf weight (g) 89.0 18.0 626 Upland 13.0 43.3 12.7 348 ───────────────────────────────────

As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, the plants can be satisfactorily grown by cultivating the plants on the soil obtained by mixing VA mycorrhizal fungi with the purified water cake.

Example 2 A 20% by volume of bark compost was mixed with a purified water cake having the same characteristics as in Example 1 sieved as a test medium by sieving at 5 m / m, and wet sieve was taken from soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture. VA mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora sp collected by another method
A mixture of 20 spores and 1 liter of soil was used.
As a control, 20% of bark compost was mixed with field soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and IB chemical fertilizer (NPK = 10-
10-10) was added in an amount of 0.5 g / l of soil. A 10-liter pot was filled with the test soil and field soil, and in April 1995, seedlings of Konotegasiwa, Acer palmatum and Oomurasakitsutsuji were transplanted and seeded with Noshiba. The cultivation was carried out in the open field with watering as required, and the height of the tree or the weight of the cut grass after 6 months was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0022]

[Table 2] Table 2 ─────────────────────────────────── Test medium Soil height extension (cm ) Cut turf weight (g) 85.3 17.8 721 Upland 13.0 43.3 12.7 348 ───────────────────────────────────

As is clear from the results shown in Table 2, the plants can be satisfactorily grown by cultivating the plants on the soil obtained by mixing VA mycorrhizal fungi with the purified water cake. Example 3 A purified water cake having the same characteristics as in Example 1 sieved as a test soil by sieving at 5 m / m, and turf soil (particle diameter 1-2)
mm; phosphoric acid absorption coefficient about 1500 mg / 100 g; effective phosphoric acid 0 to 5 mg / 100 g; total nitrogen 0 to 0.1%;
Phosphoric acid fertilizer was added to each of the total phosphoric acid (0 to 0.2%) in an amount of 0.2 g / l liter of soil using a phosphoric acid component.
A 1-liter pot was filled with the test medium and white clover was sown. VA mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora collected from soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture by wet sieving
Ten spores of Margarita were inoculated into each test medium at the time of seeding. In a glass greenhouse adjusted to a temperature of 15 to 30 degrees, plants are grown while appropriately irrigating,
After 3 months, irrigation was stopped and left for 2 weeks. afterwards,
Gigaspora Marga contained in the test soil
The number of spores of Rita was measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0024]

[Table 3] Table 3 数 Test medium Gigaspora Margarita Spore count ( (1 piece / soil 1ml) ─────────────────────────────────── Purified cake 6.67 .50 ───────────────────────────────────

From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that by cultivating a plant infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi on the soil consisting of the purified water cake, VA mycorrhizal fungi can be efficiently propagated. Example 4 A purified water cake and turf soil (particle diameter: 1-2 m) having the same characteristics as in Example 3 sieved as a test soil by sieving at 5 m / m.
To m), each was used in which a phosphate fertilizer was added with a phosphoric acid component in an amount of 0.2 g / liter of soil. A 1-liter pot was filled with the test medium and white clover was sown. Spores of VA mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora sp collected from soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture by wet screening
Individuals were inoculated on each test soil at the time of sowing. Temperature 15-3
The plants were cultivated in a glass greenhouse adjusted to 0 ° while appropriately irrigating. After 3 months, the irrigating was stopped and the plants were allowed to stand for 2 weeks. After that, the Gigas contained in the test soil
The number of spores of pora sp was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0026]

Table 4 Table 4 培 Test culture soil Gigaspora sp spore count (個 Purified water cake 35.5 Turf mesh 15 .3 ───────────────────────────────────

From the results shown in Table 4, it can be seen that VA mycorrhizal fungi can be efficiently proliferated by cultivating a plant infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi on the soil consisting of the purified water cake. Example 5 Purified water cake and turf soil (particle diameter 1-2 m) having the same characteristics as those of Example 3 sifted as a test soil by sieving at 5 m / m.
To m), each was used in which a phosphate fertilizer was added with a phosphoric acid component in an amount of 0.2 g / liter of soil. Fill a 10-liter pot with test soil, and add Falkata (legume tree) A
lbizia Falcataria (L.) Fos
b. VA mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora Ma collected from soil collected from Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture by wet sieving
10 spores of rgarita were inoculated into each test medium at the time of seeding. The plants were cultivated in a glass greenhouse adjusted to a temperature of 15 to 30 ° C. while appropriately irrigating, and after 3 months, the irrigating was stopped and left for 2 weeks. Then, Gigaspora Margarit contained in the test soil
The number of spores of a was measured. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0028]

[Table 5] Table 5 数 Test medium Gigaspora Margarita Spore count ( (1 piece / soil 1ml) .10 ───────────────────────────────────

From the results shown in Table 5, it can be seen that by cultivating a plant infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi on the soil consisting of the purified water cake, the VA mycorrhizal fungi can be efficiently propagated.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI C12N 1/14 C12N 1/14 B // C09K 101: 00 (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C09F 7/00 A01G 1/00 303 A01G 7/00 605 C05F 17/00 C09K 17/32 C12N 1/14

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A phosphoric acid absorption coefficient of 2000 mg / 100.
g of a water-purified cake having a weight of not less than 10 g and an effective phosphoric acid of not more than 10 mg / 100 g, mixed with a VA mycorrhizal fungus. 2. The plant growing medium according to claim 1, wherein the VA mycorrhizal fungus belongs to the genus Gigaspora. 3. The plant growing medium according to claim 1, wherein 10 spores of VA mycorrhizal fungi are mixed in 1 liter of the plant growing medium. 4. A phosphoric acid absorption coefficient of 2000 mg / 100.
g and the effective phosphoric acid is 10 mg / 100 g or less. A plant capable of coexisting with VA mycorrhizal fungi is cultivated in a plant growing culture obtained by mixing VA mycorrhizal fungi with a purified water cake of 10 mg / 100 g or less. A plant cultivation method characterized by cultivating a plant by causing a mycorrhizal fungi to grow efficiently by coexisting with the plant. 5. A phosphoric acid absorption coefficient of 2000 mg / 100.
g of plant cultivation soil consisting of a purified water cake having an effective phosphoric acid content of not less than 10 mg / 100 g, and inoculating VA mycorrhizal fungi, cultivating a plant capable of coexisting with VA mycorrhizal fungi.
A plant cultivation method, comprising cultivating a plant by causing A mycorrhizal fungi to coexist with a plant to efficiently grow VA mycorrhizal fungi. 6. A plant capable of coexisting with VA mycorrhizal fungi, in which a plant infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi is transformed into an effective phosphoric acid having a phosphate absorption coefficient of 2000 mg / 100 g or more. A method for growing a VA mycorrhizal fungus, wherein the VA mycorrhizal fungus is efficiently grown by cultivating it in a plant cultivation soil consisting of a purified water cake having a water content of 10 mg / 100 g or less.