JP3139837B2 - Molded sheet for fungal culture and molded pack containing fungi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a molded sheet for fungal culture which enables excellent propagation in a bag with a recess when culturing fungi such as shiitake mushrooms. Further, the present invention provides a molded pack which is excellent in fungus holding power when transplanting fungi into a raw wood, is easy to transplant, and enables excellent growth of fungi on the raw wood after transplantation. . More specifically,
The present invention provides a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric sheet having micropores at random, which is suitable as a mold sheet and a mold pack for fungal culture.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method of culturing fungi such as Shiitake fungi, a seed piece method and a sawdust method have been used. In the seed piece method, for example, a seed piece (FIG. 6) obtained by culturing fungi such as Shiitake fungi on a cylindrical piece of wood having a diameter of 10 to 12 mm and a length of 15 to 20 mm is opened with a drill or the like at predetermined intervals. Seeds are inoculated into raw wood such as oak and oak. The seeded wood inoculated with the inoculum is placed in a good environment (suitable temperature and humidity) for a certain period of time (appropriate temperature and appropriate humidity) where hyphae grow and spread in the raw wood tissue (appropriate temperature and humidity).

[0003] The seed piece method is a method which has been conventionally used because seed pieces have good productivity, easy handling, and the like. However, when a seed piece is driven into a log, there is a problem that damage of the bacterium becomes large due to frictional heat, frictional force, etc., the survival rate is low, and the harvesting period is about one year and long.

As an improvement thereof, a sawdust method using "sawdust seed fungus" instead of a seed piece has been performed. The sawdust method is a "sawdust seed" in which a mixture of a fungal support (sawdust) and a seed is cultured.
In the same manner as in the seed piece method, one or one sawdust is stuffed into a hole made in a raw wood, and then the surface of the hole is sealed with wax or styrene foam to prevent the invasion of various germs, and then multiplied. . However, there is a problem in the workability of putting one or one sawdust in the hole.
No. 018 discloses a method in which a concave bag portion made of a plastic molded product such as polypropylene or polyethylene is provided with a number of small holes. This is because workability has been improved, since sawdust is inoculated in a plastic molded article and inserted into a hole in a log like a seed piece, thereby improving workability, but has the following problems.

[0005] Providing a large number of small holes in the concave bag portion; if the sheet is formed by punching in advance and then obtained by press molding, the holes are elongated and enlarged, and cutting and shape retention deteriorate. Then, when a hole is formed after molding, it can be processed by a needle, a hot needle, a laser beam, punching, or the like, but the number, interval, position, and the like of the holes are limited, so that the opening ratio cannot be increased. When filling the saw-shaped inoculum into the concave bag portion, there is a risk of leakage from the hole. When the concave bag portion containing the sawdust inoculum is driven into the log, the molded product is hard, so that the hole is not sufficiently adhered to the hole provided in the log and a space is generated, and the proliferation property is deteriorated. Even if a large number of holes are provided in the concave bag portion, the opening rate is limited, so that the mycelium is considerably restricted from elongating and spreading in the wood tissue. In addition, due to the unevenness of moisture, condensation must be formed on the film other than the small holes in the concave bag.

[0006]

When considered as a fungal culture sheet, in the case of the above-mentioned plastic sheet having perforated holes, woven or knitted sheets, when forming a concave portion by integrally molding the sheet-like material, Since the small holes or the weaves and meshes are small holes with a certain interval, there are extremely easy-to-extract portions and difficult-to-extract portions for fungi, which is not preferable for fungal propagation.

[0007] Considering the case where a hole formed in a log is filled with a concave bag portion having a small hole, it is desirable to use a sheet having a certain degree of stiffness so that the hole is not too hard and is adapted to the hole to some extent. However, the above-mentioned plastic sheets have the disadvantage that they are too hard, and the woven and knitted sheets have no rigidity.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of various studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that by using a synthetic fiber nonwoven sheet as a fungal culture sheet, the concave bag formed thereby can be used as a nonwoven cloth. The sheet itself has micro holes randomly and has a certain degree of rigidity by imparting compressive strength by forming recesses, and it is necessary to make the contact between the log and the sawdust in the concave bag part close. It has been found that it is very favorable for the reproduction of fungi.

That is, the present invention relates to a non-woven fabric sheet formed of synthetic fibers, having random stitch-like pores as a whole, having a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m ² and a thickness of 0.5 mm or less. It has a plurality of concave portions formed by press molding by heating a mold or a nonwoven fabric sheet, the concave portions have a difference in thickness between an upper end portion and a bottom portion, the upper end portion is thicker, and the bottom portion is thinner. It is a molded sheet for fungal culture characterized by being molded. Further, a molded pack formed of the nonwoven fabric sheet described above and having a concave portion, wherein the concave portion is filled with a fungus and a fungal support, and the opening portion is formed of a sheet material having a bacterial barrier property. A molded pack containing the bacterium, which is sealed by sealing.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a molded sheet for fungal culture of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention, and 2 denotes recesses formed at appropriate intervals on the nonwoven fabric sheet, in which sawdust seeds are put and sealed to form a molded pack containing fungi. is there.

A. Non-woven sheet: The non-woven sheet suitable for the molded sheet for fungal culture of the present invention is one having random network-like pores as a whole. Such a nonwoven fabric sheet may be composed of short fibers, long fibers or a mixed fiber of both, and the single fibers constituting the nonwoven sheet are in a state in which the single fibers are entangled, and randomly form network-like fine holes as a whole. Any non-woven fabric may be used as long as it has.

The nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a sufficient elongation to be formed into a predetermined concave portion, for example, at least 100% or more. Furthermore, it is necessary to use a so-called adhesive in producing the nonwoven fabric so as not to hinder fungi. Therefore, it is preferable to use a binderless nonwoven fabric.

Specifically, the nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention preferably has a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m ² and a thickness of 0.1 to 250 g / m ² .
It is preferably 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mm. However, if the thickness of the nonwoven fabric is too thin, even if it is 0.5 mm or less, the weight per unit area of the nonwoven fabric falls within the range of the weight per unit area, because the weight per unit area of the nonwoven fabric decreases during molding and becomes coarse, the strength decreases, and it cannot be used. Must be determined in relation to

On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 0.5 mm, when the molded pack is inserted into the hole of the log, the sawdust in the molded pack hardly comes into contact with the log. The fineness (d) of the single yarn constituting the nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention is 20d or less,
The use of relatively fine fibers, preferably 0.5-15d,
It is preferable in giving the distribution of micropores to the nonwoven fabric.

As the nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention, for example, a nonwoven fabric having high air permeability, light weight, high flexibility and moderate rigidity can be preferably used. When the non-woven fabric sheet is subjected to press molding, the elongation of the non-woven fabric sheet is preferably 100% or more from the viewpoint of the strength of the non-woven fabric sheet. Specifically, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-47581, for example, the single fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention have a breaking elongation of 100% or more, and the outer layer portion of the single fibers is mainly In comparison, it is preferable that the fibers have high orientation, high crystallinity, high compressive strength, and strong stiffness.

The method for producing such a nonwoven fabric sheet is, for example, a known spinning method using a polyolefin such as polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene or a fiber-forming polymer such as nylon or vinylon as a raw material, for example, melt blow spinning, flash spinning, centrifugation. A sheet having network-like fine holes is formed at random by a spinning method, a spun bond method, or the like.

Representative examples of such a nonwoven fabric sheet include "Smash (registered trademark)" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation and "Luxar" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation manufactured by flash spinning. . Further, such a nonwoven fabric sheet has an air permeability of 350 cc / cm ² / sec or less by the Frazier method (based on a method according to JISL 1079 method), and dew condensation occurring in the case of a conventional plastic film having small holes. There is no fear.

B. Molded sheet: From the above non-woven sheet,
In order to manufacture a molded sheet B having the concave portion 2 as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a pair of concave and convex molds are heated to 100 to 200 ° C., or a nonwoven fabric sheet is heated to 100 to 200 ° C., and then pressed. It is manufactured by press molding.

The recess 2 formed by such a molding method
Is stretched during molding to increase its compressive strength,
Therefore, while being able to pack the sawdust 5 easily,
Good adhesion between the two when pressed into the hole in the log. further,
The recess 2 has a difference in thickness between the upper end portion 7 and the bottom portion 6 due to molding.

That is, since the upper end portion 7 is thicker, the concave portion (molded pack) is easy to handle when filling the sawdust in the concave portion (molded pack), and has good supportability (mold retention).
Further, by making the bottom portion 6 thinner, fungi in the sawdust seeds packed in the concave portion (molded pack) are more likely to go outside, and the propagation property on the raw wood is improved.

Here, the fungi are typically Shiitake mushrooms, but are not particularly limited as long as they can be cultured and bred on raw wood such as shimeji mushroom, nameko, hiratake, and maitake. Fungal supports include sawdust, wood chips, crushed chips and the like. Sawdust fungi refer to those in which the fungi are cultured on a fungal support and mixed together.

The shape of the concave portion 2 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape shown in FIG. 1, a conical shape and a pyramid shape shown in FIGS. The size of the recess 2 is preferably 10 to 20 mm at the opening 8 of the recess and 10 to 30 mm at the depth in view of the workability and the easiness of packing the sawdust 5 into the recess.

The interval between the adjacent openings 8 is preferably 3 mm to 15 mm as shown in FIG.
That is, since the concave portions 2 provided on the molded sheet are separated one by one at the time of final use, an interval within a range that can be separated between the concave portions is required, and if the interval is 3 mm or less, it is difficult to separate, and 15 mm or more. In the interval, the number of concave portions cannot be obtained, and the loss increases. Thus, the recess 2 is preferably set so that the molded sheet 100 cm ² per unit area 8-69 bags are present regularly.

C. Molded pack: FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a side surface of a concave molded bag 2 ′ obtained by cutting the concave portion 2 from the molded sheet B shown in FIG. The concave portion 2 is filled with wet sawdust 5, and the upper end portion 7 is sealed with a lid material 3 by appropriate means, cut at a necessary time, and a plurality of independent concave shaped bags 2 ′ are obtained. can get.

The lid material 3 for sealing the molded pack C is a sheet-like material having a barrier property against bacteria such as blue mold, which may or may not be air-permeable. Since it is easy to dry after inserting the concave molding bag 2 'into the hole of the log, a film with low air permeability or an air-impermeable film is preferable.

Examples of such a lid material include thermoplastic resin films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, polystyrene foam sheets, and nonwoven fabrics having air permeability and moisture permeability (made of fibers such as polypropylene and polyester by melt blow spinning). And those composed of fibers such as polypropylene and polyethylene by the flash spinning method).
Further, these films, sheets and nonwoven fabrics can be used alone or in a composite product thereof.

In particular, a breathable nonwoven fabric obtained by partially heat-sealing a three-dimensional network fiber laminate obtained by flash spinning a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene with a hot roll is preferable. This air-permeable nonwoven fabric has fine pores and has a Gurley air permeability of 0.1 to 1
000 sec / 100cc
Since it has a water pressure resistance of 0 to 3,000 mmHg, it is preferable as the lid material of the present invention. A typical example is "Luxer" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation.

In order to seal the concave portion 2 and the lid member 3, it is preferable to employ a sealing means which does not affect the fungi in the concave portion 2, such as a heat seal, an ultrasonic seal, and a ring-shaped hot blade.
Particularly, a heat seal is preferable. Specifically, after filling the respective recesses 2 of the molded sheet B with the sawdust 5, the lid 3 is sealed. If these are cut one by one with a cutting blade to form a molded pack, it is convenient for preservation before inserting the raw wood, and furthermore, the efficiency of inserting this into the raw wood and finally using it is good.

[0029]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Polyethylene terephthalate resin is melted, a polyester long fiber web is obtained at a spinning speed of 2,300 m / min, and partially thermocompression-bonded with a textured pattern embossing roll having a compression area ratio of 24% and a metal roll to form a spunbond nonwoven sheet. An intermediate product was obtained. Next, the intermediate product was passed through a felt calender at a temperature of 130 ° C., and subjected to heat setting to obtain a nonwoven fabric sheet A of the present invention (diameter: 4 denier, basis weight: 150 g /
m ² , thickness 0.32mm, dry heat shrinkage at 130 ° C is 2%
The elongation at break when heated at 130 ° C. was 210%.)

The molding die has a diameter of 14 mm and a height of 2 mm.
20mm in the vertical direction, 20 in the horizontal direction, 20 in the horizontal direction, a total of 400 0mm cylindrical convex parts, a male mold for press molding with a pitch of 20mm each was created, and then set in the male mold. Mold to be made (diameter 14.5mm, pitch 20m
m). The non-woven sheet was heated to about 130 ° C., placed between presses in which the processing dies were set, pressurized, and then cooled to obtain a molded sheet B having 400 concave portions in the non-woven sheet. .

A. Each recess of the obtained molded sheet B was stuffed with sawdust controlled by sterilization and appropriate moisture, and then heat-sealed to the opening side of the molded sheet using a composite film of polyethylene 25μ and polyester 12μ. . Thereafter, the seal portion of each concave portion was cut off to about 2 mm, the concave portion was placed in a wide-mouth bottle, Shiitake fungi was dropped, and cultured at an appropriate temperature and an appropriate humidity for about 40 days to obtain a molded pack C.

B. A mixture of sawdust and Shiitake fungi (sawdust seed fungus) sterilized and controlled to an appropriate moisture is packed into each concave portion of the obtained molded sheet B, and then 25 μm of polyethylene and 12 μm of polyester are placed on the opening side of the molded sheet. Heat sealing was performed using the composite film. Thereafter, the seal portion of each concave portion was cut off to about 2 mm, and the concave portion was placed in a wide-mouthed bottle and cultured at an appropriate temperature and under an appropriate humidity for about 40 days to obtain a molded pack C.

C. A mixture of sawdust and shiitake mushrooms, which have been sterilized and controlled to a suitable moisture, is cultivated for about 40 days at a suitable temperature and under a suitable humidity. Polyethylene 25μ on the side
And a polyester 12 μm composite film. Thereafter, the seal portion of each concave portion was cut off to about 2 mm, and the concave portion was put in a wide-mouthed bottle and left at an appropriate temperature and an appropriate humidity for about 1 to 2 days to obtain a molded pack C.

Next, the molded pack C obtained in the steps a, b and c is packed in a wooden bark with 50 holes and left at an appropriate temperature and an appropriate humidity. (A) 50, (b) 49, (c) 49
The individual and the process had a high rate of co-activation, and thick and thick shiitake mushrooms of uniform size could be harvested.

Since the object of the present invention is good workability, there is little damage of bacteria in the middle of the process, it can be closely packed with the raw wood, and the growth of mycelia can be made good. Therefore, the harvest period is as short as about 6 months. The crop was thick and even.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE After a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of 100 μm was press-formed in the same manner as in the example, 20 holes each having a diameter of about 0.7φ were formed in each recess with a pointed needle. Next, a molded pack C packed in each concave portion was obtained in the same manner as in Example a. Then, stuff it into a wooden bark that doesn't want to make 50 holes,
It was left under appropriate humidity and harvested for about 6 months. At 32 locations, the size was irregular, the growth was poor, and the yield was small compared to the examples.

[0037]

According to the molded sheet for fungal culture and the molded pack containing the fungus of the present invention, the fungi cultured on the support of the fungi (such as sawdust) are transferred to the raw wood in comparison with the conventional fungi. The fungal support can fully breathe and grow in the molded pack. Fungi and fungal supports can be easily and efficiently embedded in raw wood. When embedding in a hole in a log, the molded pack can be brought into close contact with the log while deforming around the hole, and efficient growth of bacteria can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a molded sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a conical concave portion in the molded sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a pyramid-shaped concave portion in the molded sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a side surface of the molding pack of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the interval between concave portions in the molded sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a conventional seed piece.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Nonwoven fabric sheet 2 Concavity 2 'concave molding bag 3 Lid material 4 Seal part 5 Sawdust fungus 6 Bottom 7 Top end 8 Opening B Molding sheet C Molding pack

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-50-40347 (JP, A) JP-A-51-111731 (JP, A) Fully open 1984-147441 (JP, U) Really open 1954 183463 (JP, U) JP 1-47581 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/04 101 D04H 3/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. Randomly formed from synthetic fibers and random
Has stitch-like pores on the whole, and has a basis weight of 50 to 250 g.
/ M ² , composed of a nonwoven fabric sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less, and having a plurality of recesses formed by press molding by heating a mold or a nonwoven fabric sheet, the recesses having a thickness between the upper end portion and the bottom portion. A molded sheet for fungal culture, characterized in that the molded sheet has a difference and is formed thicker at the upper end and thinner at the bottom. 2. A molded pack formed of the nonwoven fabric sheet according to claim 1 and having a concave portion, wherein the concave portion is filled with a fungus and a fungus support, and the opening has a fungal barrier property. A molded pack containing bacteria, which is sealed with a lid member made of: