JP3145808B2 - Fish farm feed - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed for fish farming and a method for feeding the feed to fish and shellfish.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fish meal, raw fish, pupa, etc. have been used as a feed for fish farming, either in powder form alone or as a bait feed. After mixing and processing other ingredients such as vegetable oil lees, flour, starch, vitamins and minerals using a pellet mill etc., the dried pellet type solid feed is easy to handle and balances various nutrients. Goodness,
It is widely used in terms of good feeding.

[0003] However, such conventional pelleted solid feeds are not sufficiently satisfactory in terms of taste and digestibility by fish and shellfish, and have a large sedimentation property, so that they sediment rapidly after administration. However, there is a drawback in that the ingestion of the fish is not sufficiently performed, so that the growth of fish tends to be poor. Further, in the case of a conventional pellet-shaped solid feed, it has been necessary to dry it after forming and processing with a pellet mill, an extruder or the like.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, the present inventors have found that fish and shellfish have good palatability and digestibility, and have a proper sedimentation when administered in water. The research has been continued with the aim of obtaining a feed for fish farming that can control the amount of fish. As a result, instead of the conventional pelleted solid feed produced through the drying process, molding and / or
Alternatively, it has been found that palatability and digestibility by fish and shellfish are improved by freezing the processed fish feed without drying it, while keeping the appropriate water content and freezing it. Further, the present inventors, the frozen temperature of the frozen fish farm feed according to the habitat and feeding habits of fish and shellfish in water,
By adjusting the degree of freezing and thawing, it was possible to adjust the floatability and sedimentation of the feed when administered in water, thereby finding that the feedability by fish and shellfish was improved, and thus completed the present invention. .

[0005] That is, the present invention relates to a method of adding water to a mixed feed raw material for fish farming mainly containing a dried protein raw material and containing a starchy raw material, or adding water and feed fat for fish farming, and extruding with an extruder to cut. A pelletized frozen feed for fish farming, characterized by freezing a pelleted solid feed having a water content of 15 to 70% by weight.

Further, the present invention provides a method for controlling the frozen temperature, frozen state, or thawed state of the above-mentioned pellet-type frozen fish farm feed according to the habitat and / or feeding habit of the fish and shellfish in water. This is a method for feeding fish farming feed, characterized in that it is fed to fish species.

The feed for frozen fish farming of the present invention can be prepared in the same manner as in a general dry pellet feed for fish farming, such as fish meal, meat meal, bone and meat meal, krill meal, squid meal, whole egg powder, egg yolk powder, egg white powder, Skim milk powder, whole milk powder, casein,
Mainly plankton and other dried protein raw materials, especially dried animal protein raw materials, to which starch raw materials such as wheat starch are blended as a binder, and, if necessary, beans, rice bran, oil cake , Starches, flour, soybean meal, yeast for feed, other plant-based ingredients such as plant ingredients; oils and fats; nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, amino acids, sugars, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids; antibiotics, antibacterial agents Ingredients such as coloring agents, fragrances, palatable substances, antioxidants, etc .; carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginate, various gums, sodium polyacrylate, wheat gluten Water is added or mixed with water to a mixed feed raw material for fish farming, which is obtained by selecting and mixing an arbitrary one according to the kind of fish to be provided among raw materials and components such as other binders; It can be obtained by freezing the pellets of solid feed fish feed oil was added water content obtained by extrusion and cut by an extruder with 15 to 70 wt% (hereinafter referred to simply%). In the feed for fish farming of the present invention, since the feed raw material is frozen as it is without heating and drying, which is likely to deteriorate, the taste of the feed raw material is utilized as it is, and the taste and digestibility of the fish and shellfish are improved.

[0008] The dimensions of the pellet-shaped frozen fish farm feed of the present invention can vary depending on the type and size of the fish and shellfish to be fed, but generally the largest part has a size of about 2 m.
It is preferable to set the size of m to 10 cm and the size of the minimum part in the range of about 2 mm to 5 cm from the viewpoint of taste by fish and shellfish, ease of production, and the like.

[0009] The feed for fish farming of the present invention has a water content before freezing of 15 to 70% based on the weight of the whole feed.
Must be within the range. If the water content is less than 15%, the palatability of fish and shellfish is inferior. On the other hand, if the water content is more than 70%, the proportion of water (ice) becomes too large, and the proportion of nutrient components in the feed is relatively reduced, resulting in reduced feed efficiency. In the fish feed for the present invention,
It is particularly preferable that the water content is in the range of 30 to 60% from the viewpoints of taste and digestibility by fish and shellfish, digestive efficiency, physical properties, and the like.

[0010] The freezing temperature of the fish feed of the present invention is as follows.
Any temperature can be adopted as long as it does not cause spoilage or deterioration of the feed components, can be stored for a long time, and does not cause agglomeration due to melting of the feed pieces.
Generally, the freezing temperature is -20 ° C to -30 ° C.
It is preferable from the viewpoints of long-term storage property by preventing rot and deterioration, prevention of agglomeration, and thermal efficiency (refrigeration efficiency).

[0011] The frozen fish feed for pellets of the present invention is obtained by adding water to the above-mentioned raw material for mixed fish for fish farming in such an amount that the water content in the extrudate becomes 15 to 70%, or by adding water and feed fats and oils for fish farming. In addition, after kneading with an extruder, the mixture is extruded into a rod shape, and cut into pellets to obtain a water content of 15 to
It can be manufactured by making a 70% pellet of solid feed and freezing it (eg, with gentle rolling) without sticking between the pellets. It is preferable to freeze the solid feed pellets by rapid freezing.

By the way, it is sometimes considered that frozen fish such as sardines may be cut into whole or cut to an appropriate size and fed to the seafood while being frozen, but the feed of the present invention is conventionally dried and pelletized. The technical content is significantly different from that in which frozen fish are used as feed as they are, in that the compound feed made into such a form is frozen without drying.

The feed for fish farming of the present invention is adjusted to the freezing temperature, the frozen state or the thawed state, whereby the fish feed is suspended in water or sedimented depending on the habitat (depth) and feeding habit of the fish and shellfish. The condition can be adjusted, and as a result, fish and shellfish can be fed efficiently. That is, the fish feed for fish culture of the present invention usually has a lower specific gravity than water in a frozen state, and can float in water or on water. Further, by partially or completely thawing the feed for fish culture of the present invention, its specific gravity can be increased and adjusted, and the floating position in water and the sedimentation state can be adjusted. In addition, by adjusting the freezing temperature of the fish feed of the present invention, it is possible to adjust the thawing state in the water and, consequently, the sedimentation state in relation to the temperature of the water to which it is administered.

On the other hand, when viewed from the side of the fish and shellfish to be fed, fish having habit of feeding near the water surface (for example, tuna, yellowtail, amberjack, salmon, etc.) and fish having habit of feeding in the middle of the water ( There are a variety of seafood such as red sea bream, groupers, etc., and habits of feeding at or near the water bottom (eg, flounder, flounder, crab, shrimp, octopus, etc.),
In addition, some fish and shellfish have a habit that their swimming places and feeding places change variously depending on the season and the time of day. Therefore, by investigating the habitat and habit of such fish and shellfish, and adjusting the frozen state of the feed for fish culture of the present invention as described above, the floating state and sedimentation state of the feed in water can be determined by the fish and shellfish. When it is made to match the swimming or habitat of the fish, the feed can be efficiently fed to the fish and shellfish, and the growth effect thereof is improved.

Moreover, if the feed can be efficiently fed to the fish and shellfish, the proportion of the feed that is not taken up by the fish and remains at the bottom of the water and can be reduced can be reduced. Of water, and the occurrence of fungi, diseases, and the like associated therewith can be suppressed.

The feed for fish farming of the present invention is
Eel, coho salmon, carp, tiger pufferfish, flounder, flounder,
It can be supplied to fish such as tuna, amberjack, grouper, crustaceans such as shrimp and crab, or mollusks such as octopus and squid, and the kind of the supplied fish and shellfish is not particularly limited.

[0017]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 A feed material for fish farming having the composition shown in Table 1 below was prepared.

[0019]

[Table 1]

A feed material for frozen fish farming having the above-mentioned composition is supplied to a twin-screw extruder [Nippon Steel Works Co., Ltd .; TEX-4].
7) The feeder is supplied at a rate of 50 kg per hour, and the feeder is supplied with 10 liters of feed fat for fish farming (Trulecithin Co., Ltd .; A oil) per hour and water per hour at 7. The mixture was supplied and mixed at a rate of 7 liters, and the screw rotation speed was 200 rpm and the pressure was 18 kg / cm ² while maintaining the temperature in the barrel at 180 ° C.
Then, the mixture was kneaded, extruded into a rod shape from a die having three holes having a diameter of 3 mm, and the extruded rod shape was cut into a length of 35 mm with a cutter to produce a raw pellet having a water content of 18.3%. The raw pellets were rapidly frozen while being gently rolled in a freezer at −30 ° C. so that the pellets did not adhere to each other to produce fish farm pellets frozen at −30 ° C.
7.8 kg of the frozen fish pellets are kept in a frozen state,
The hamachi cultivation cage of 8m x 8m [cultivated 4,000 hamachi (average body weight: 2.5kg / animal)] was administered, and the floating state of the feed in water and the feeding state by hamachi were examined. Was as shown in FIG.

<< Comparative Example 1 >> The raw pellets obtained by extrusion in Example 1 were not frozen and had a water content of 8 at a temperature of 110 ° C.
%, And dried pellets were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dried pellets were dried. The dried fish culture pellets (7 kg) were directly administered to a hamachi cultivation cage as in Example 1, and the floating state of the feed in water and the feeding state of the hamachi were examined. The results are as shown in Table 2 below. .

[0022]

[Table 2] Floating state in water Feeding state by hamachi Frozen pellets of Example 1 Initially float on the surface of water ○ ¹⁾ Sink slowly Slowly dry pellets of Comparative Example 1 settle down △ ²⁾ 1) ○ ... 90% or more of feed pellets were fed by Hamachi. 2) △: More than 20% of the feed pellets settled without being fed by hamachi.

From the results shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the fish feed of the present invention has a good floating state in water and a very good feedability by yellowtail as compared with the dried fish feed. .

Example 2 The fish pellets produced in Example 1 were heated at 50 ° C. for 1 minute and thawed to produce half-thawed fish pellets. When the pellets were administered to a red sea bream ponds with a habit of ingesting food in the middle of the water, very good feeding results were obtained.

Reference Example A raw material for a feed mixture for fish farming having the composition shown in Table 3 below was prepared.

[0026]

[Table 3]

[0027] Fish feed 10k consisting of the above formulation
Water was added to the g at a ratio of 15 kg, and the mixture was kneaded sufficiently using a mixer for baking until a rice cake was obtained, to obtain a feed having a water content of 63%.
The rice cake-shaped feed is placed in a tray, frozen in a freezer at -30 ° C, and then pulverized by a crusher pulverizer to obtain an amorphous small-lumage feed. When this feed was fed in a frozen state to a juvenile yellowtail, the sedimentation speed was low and the sediment slowly settled. Therefore, the feeding results by the yellowtail with habit of feeding near the water surface were extremely good.

[0028]

The feed for fish culture of the present invention has good palatability and digestibility by fish and shellfish, and has a large effect of improving the growth of fish and shellfish. In addition, the feed for fish farming of the present invention, the floating temperature of the feed when administered in water by adjusting the freezing temperature, frozen state, the degree of thawing according to the habitat and feeding habits of fish and shellfish in water, Since the sedimentation can be adjusted, the feeding ability of the fish and shellfish can be further improved. In addition, as a result of being eaten efficiently by fish and shellfish, the proportion of feed remaining without being taken up by fish and remaining at the bottom of the water can be reduced. The occurrence of fungi and diseases can be suppressed.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Osamu Kanehara 8-120-12 Shimo-Nagata, Nishinasuno-machi, Nasu-gun, Tochigi Prefecture (72) Inventor Yukihiro Okubo 54-34 Appina Shinden, Oaza, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 34 (56) Reference Reference JP-A-62-118852 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23K 1/00-1/20

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] [1] Water is added to a mixed feed raw material for fish farming mainly containing a dried protein raw material and containing a starch raw material, or water and fish feed fats and oils are added, and the mixture is extruded by an extruder and cut and obtained. A pellet-shaped frozen fish feed which is obtained by freezing a pellet-shaped solid feed having a water content of 15 to 70% by weight. 2. The habitat of fish and shellfish in water and / or
Or a method of feeding a fish feed for a fish farm, wherein the frozen temperature, the frozen state, or the thawed state of the pellet-shaped frozen fish feed according to claim 1 is adjusted according to the feeding habit, and the resulting mixture is fed to the fish and shellfish.