JP3175538B2 - Grain component analyzer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for analyzing cereal components such as rice, barley, and soybeans.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a general-purpose near-infrared spectrometer having a scanning method of continuously irradiating near-infrared rays having a predetermined wavelength in a predetermined region has been used as an apparatus for determining the content of a chemical component of a grain, for example, protein. Are known.

[0003]

In calculating the amount of chemical components of a grain, the grain to be measured is irradiated with near-infrared rays.
Using the absorbance information, calculation is performed using a predetermined calculation formula. However, since this formula is different for each type of grain,
In calculating the chemical component amounts of different types of grains, the calculation formula had to be changed each time, which was cumbersome.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a grain component analyzer capable of efficiently analyzing grains, and employs the following technical means. That is, the grain to be measured is irradiated with visible light or near-infrared light, the grain type is determined using the absorbance information, and the grain component analyzer that calculates the chemical component amount by a predetermined calculation formula, the calculation formula Is a grain component analyzer characterized by changing according to the determined grain type.

[0005]

The grain to be measured is irradiated with visible light or near-infrared light, and the kind of the grain is determined from the absorbance information. Then, after changing the calculation formula according to the determined grain type, the chemical component amount is calculated.

[0006]

According to the present invention, when calculating the chemical component amount of a grain, the calculation formula can be changed according to the determined grain type, so that the calculation can be performed each time when calculating the chemical component amount of a different type of grain. There is no need to change the formula, and calculation can be performed quickly with one device regardless of the type of grain.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the structure will be described. 1 is a light source for irradiating a grain sample, 2 is a condensing lens, and 3 is a slit, which are arranged so as to be on the optical axis of the lens 2. Reference numeral 4 denotes a chopper for transmitting and blocking light, and reference numeral 5 denotes a disk with a filter to which a plurality of filters 5A to 5F described later are attached. 6 is a reflection mirror, 7 is a sample set disk for setting a grain sample to be measured, and 8 is a photoelectric detector for detecting light.

The chopper 4 is a disk in which light passing portions 4A and light blocking portions 4B are alternately formed for passing and blocking light, and is configured to rotate at a predetermined speed during measurement by a motor (not shown). . The filter-equipped disk 5 has six holes at predetermined intervals at positions equidistant from the center of the disk, and filters 5A to 5F are attached to the holes.
The motor is intermittently rotated during measurement by a motor (not shown), and one of the filters 5A to 5F is positioned on the optical axis of the lens 2 when the motor is stopped.

The filters 5A to 5C are near-infrared transmitting filters that transmit near-infrared light of a predetermined wavelength in a region where proteins contained in a grain sample are absorbed. For example, the filter 5A transmits near-infrared light having a wavelength of 2150 nm, the filter 5B transmits near-infrared light having a wavelength of 2170 nm, and the filter 5C transmits near-infrared light having a wavelength of 2190 nm.

The filters 5D to 5F are visible light transmitting filters that transmit visible light of a predetermined wavelength in order to detect the type of the grain sample. Now, the grain sample is paddy, brown rice, 7-minute rice, and white rice, and when detecting this type, the filter 5D transmits visible light with a wavelength of 450 nm, and the filter 5E transmits visible light with a wavelength of 470 nm. It is assumed that the filter 5F transmits the visible light having a wavelength of 490 nm.

In the sample set disk 7, two ceramic reflectors 9, 10 are arranged at predetermined positions on a circumference separated by a predetermined distance from the center of the disk, and the ceramic reflector 9 has a very small particle size. A transparent container 11 filled with a small crushed grain sample is detachably configured. Further, the sample set disk 7 is configured so as to rotate at the time of measurement and at the time of stop, the ceramic reflecting plate 9 or 10 is positioned on the reflected light from the reflecting mirror 6.

An amplifier 12 for amplifying a signal, an A / D converter 13 for A / D conversion, and a computing unit 14 composed of a one-chip microcomputer or the like are connected in series at the subsequent stage of the photoelectric detector 8. Connecting. The arithmetic unit 14 performs various processes, such as performing a predetermined arithmetic process based on the detection value of the photoelectric detector 8 to obtain the protein content of the grain sample, as described later. The protein content of the grain sample determined by the arithmetic unit 14 is displayed on a display 15 constituted by a liquid crystal display or the like. Next, an operation example of the present embodiment having such a configuration will be described. Now, it is assumed that the disk with filter 5 is in the state shown in FIG. 1 and the chopper 4 is rotating at a predetermined speed. At this time, the light emitted from the light source 1 repeats passing and blocking by the chopper 4 via the lens 2 and the slit 3, and the passed light has a wavelength of 2 by the filter 5A.
Only near-infrared light of 150 nm is transmitted. The transmitted light is reflected by the reflection mirror 6 and then applied to the ceramic reflection plate 10 of the sample set disk 7 waiting below.

The light reflected by the ceramic reflector 10 is received by the photoelectric detector 8 and is subjected to photoelectric conversion. The photoelectrically converted electric signal is amplified by an amplifier 12 and then A /
The data is A / D converted by the D converter 13 and input to the arithmetic unit 14. The reflected light from such a ceramic reflector 10 is
It is obtained intermittently each time light passes through the chopper 4. Therefore, the arithmetic unit 14 calculates the average value V01 based on a plurality of electric signals (corresponding to the intensity of the reflected light) output from the photoelectric detector 8.

Next, the sample set disk 7 is rotated, and the reflected light from the reflecting mirror 6 is applied to the ceramic reflecting plate 9.
To the transparent container 11 filled with the grain sample set in the above. In this state, the reflected light from the grain sample is intermittently obtained each time the light passes through the chopper 4. Therefore, the arithmetic unit 14 sets the photoelectric detector 8
The average value V1 is calculated based on a plurality of electric signals (corresponding to the intensity of the reflected light) output from.

Further, the disk 5 with a filter is rotated so that a filter 5B that transmits near infrared rays having a wavelength of 2170 nm is set on the optical axis of the lens 2. Thereafter, the sample set disk 7 is rotated, and the reflected light from the reflection mirror 6 is reflected from the ceramic reflector 10 and from the grain sample in the transparent container 11 set on the ceramic reflector 9. State. And in each of these states,
The arithmetic unit 14 corresponds to the average value V02 of the measured values corresponding to the reflected light from the ceramic reflector 10 and the reflected light from the grain sample based on the electric signal output from the photoelectric detector 8 as described above. An average value V2 of the measured values is calculated.

After that, the filter-equipped disk 5 is rotated to set a filter 5C, which transmits near-infrared light having a wavelength of 2190 nm, on the optical axis of the lens 2, and then to the same state as described above. In each state, the arithmetic unit 14 sets the photoelectric detector 8
The average value V03 of the measured value corresponding to the reflected light from the ceramic reflector 10 and the average value V3 of the measured value corresponding to the reflected light from the grain sample are calculated based on the electric signal output from I do. As described above, the signal processing based on the near-infrared ray having the predetermined wavelength in the region that absorbs the protein contained in the grain sample is completed.

Next, in order to detect the type of the grain sample,
Rotate the disk with filter 5 to filter 5D, 5E, 5
Each filter is set on the optical axis of the lens 2 in the order of F. Then, in the same manner as described above, the average values V04, V05, and V06 of the measurement values corresponding to the reflected light from the ceramic reflector 10 are calculated in accordance with the respective visible lights transmitted through the filters 5D, 5E, and 5F, and the grain sample is calculated. The average values V4, V5, V6 of the measured values corresponding to the reflected light from are calculated.

Next, each of the average values V
01 to V06 and V1 to V6,
Performs the following operation. R1 = V1 / V01 (1) R2 = V2 / V02 (2) R3 = V3 / V03 (3) R4 = V4 / V04 (4) R5 = V5 / V05 (5) R6 = V6 / V06 (6) where , R1, R2, and R3 have wavelengths of 2150 nm, 2
The near-infrared reflectance at 170 nm and 2190 nm. R4, R5 and R6 have a wavelength of 450 n.
m, each reflectance of visible light at 470 nm and 490 nm.

Next, the protein content Cp in the grain sample is calculated using the respective reflectances R1, R2, and R3 regarding the content of the protein thus obtained. Cp = K1 (R1-2.R2 + R3) + K0 (7) Here, K1 and K0 are coefficients, respectively, and have the following values under the conditions described later. The calculation in parentheses is
The wavelength is 2170 from the discrete reflectances R1, R2, and R3.
4 shows a numerical calculation for obtaining a value of a second derivative of the reflectance in nm.

Next, how to determine the values of the coefficients K1 and K0 will be described.
, A second derivative t of the reflectance at a wavelength of 470 nm is obtained by the following equation. t = R4-2 · R5 + R6 (8) Then, depending on which of the following equations the magnitude of the second derivative t of the calculated reflectance satisfies,
It is determined whether the rice is brown rice, 7-minute rice, or white rice.

T <α1 (9) α1 <t <α2 (10) α2 <t <α3 (11) t <α3 (12) As a result, when it is determined that white rice is satisfied by satisfying the expression (9), The coefficients are determined as K1 = K11 and K0 = K01.
Similarly, when the formula (10) is satisfied and the rice is determined to be rice for 7 minutes, the coefficients are K1 = K12, K0 = K02,
When it is determined that brown rice is satisfied by satisfying the expression (11), each coefficient is K1 = K13, K0 = K03. When it is determined that rice is satisfied by satisfying the expression (12), each coefficient is K1 = K14, K
0 = K04.

As described above, in this embodiment, when the protein content of a grain sample is calculated by a predetermined formula using the measured data, the type of the grain is determined, for example, such as paddy, brown rice, and white rice. Then, the coefficient of the calculation formula is changed according to the determination result, so that the content of the protein can be quickly measured with one apparatus regardless of the type of the grain.

When the grain is analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy and its protein content is calculated by a predetermined formula, the type of the grain sample is determined as paddy, brown rice, or white rice, and according to the determination result. Since the protein content is calculated by changing the coefficient of the calculation formula, the protein content can be quickly measured with one device regardless of the type of grain,
Moreover, since the configuration of the apparatus is simplified, the apparatus is inexpensive and is most suitable as a popular type. In addition, grain producers can easily know the protein content of the grains they produce, and estimate the amount of fertilizer that is closely related to the protein content in grains when making grains the following year. Can be known by using the measured value, and the producer can make rice or the like according to consumers' preference.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

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Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A grain component analyzer that irradiates a measured grain with visible light or near-infrared light, determines the grain type using its absorbance information, and calculates a chemical component amount by a predetermined calculation formula. The grain component analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula is changed according to the determined grain type.