JP3199880B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator for incinerating industrial waste such as old tires, and more particularly to an improvement in the combustion efficiency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The amount of waste such as industrial waste is increasing year by year, and incineration facilities for this kind of waste are widely used. Incidentally, these industrial wastes include shoe soles and old tires. Particularly, the latter tires have tens of millions of garbage annually, the amount of which is increasing remarkably year by year, and there are various problems in the incineration treatment because individual objects to be incinerated are large.

[0003] In other words, in order to completely burn these heavy wastes, incinerators with extremely high combustion efficiency are required. However, these facilities are generally large, complicated and expensive.
A centralized treatment system is adopted, and an increase in incineration costs including transportation costs is inevitable. In addition, if incineration is performed for each used tire location to reduce transportation costs, etc., it must be a medium or small capacity incineration facility. It has been difficult to achieve sufficient combustion efficiency at cost. However, it is possible to substantially increase the combustion efficiency by cutting the waste to a necessary size by cutting or the like prior to incineration, but extra processing such as the cutting described above is necessary. It is not always economical.

[0004] Further, in the above-mentioned conventional incineration equipment, a high combustion temperature cannot be obtained by using conventional industrial waste as a fuel in connection with the limit of the combustion efficiency. For this reason, there is a problem that incineration of untreated sludge, especially waste having a high moisture content, and waste having a particularly high decomposition temperature, such as organic lithium and cyanide, cannot be treated by these simple incineration facilities. .

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator which has a simple and inexpensive structure, and which can realize high combustion efficiency and a high combustion temperature. I do.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an incinerator having a rectangular cylindrical body in which four vertical side surfaces are formed by rectangular plates having holes of a predetermined diameter formed at predetermined intervals. Prepare a plurality of processing containers to accommodate the incineration material, while arranging them in a furnace such that the facing plate members of the processing containers adjacent to each other are parallel to each other at a predetermined interval,
The combustion air is sent in parallel to the surface of the plate material in the space formed by the opposed plate materials.

In this case, the space secured between the processing vessels serves as an air duct to efficiently supply a large amount of air oxygen required for combustion, and this space enhances the flame generated from the incinerated material, so-called chimney. Bring effect.

In the incinerator according to a second aspect of the present invention, a rectangular furnace body having three vertical sides formed of a furnace wall and an open / close plate provided on the remaining one side, and holes having a predetermined diameter are formed at predetermined intervals. A processing container for forming a rectangular bottomed cylindrical body having four vertical side surfaces and a bottom surface formed by the formed rectangular plate material and for storing the incineration object, and a plurality of the processing containers on the upper part with a predetermined space between each other. And an incineration treatment table provided with an ash tray for receiving ash after combustion and a transfer mechanism for carrying in and out of the furnace body, and the incineration treatment table provided with the transfer mechanism. A blower that blows air into the furnace from a blow hole provided through the furnace wall so that air can be blown in a substantially horizontal direction from both ends of the space between the processing containers when the furnace is carried into the furnace and fixed at a predetermined position. It is provided with.

In this case, the incinerated material is housed outside the furnace in a processing container, and is carried into the furnace by a transport mechanism. After the incineration is finished, the ash is stored in the ash tray and is again carried out of the furnace body by the transport mechanism. The air required for combustion is efficiently supplied from outside the furnace body through the air holes.

In the incinerator according to the third aspect of the present invention, in particular, the space between adjacent processing vessels is set to 8 to 10 mm.
13 cm, and the plate material facing this space is 4 to 7 cm in diameter (D) and the interval is 1.5 × D
And the holes formed in the two plate members are located at the same position when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plate member.

[0011] In this case, the flames blown out from the holes of both plate members facing the space in a direction substantially horizontal are joined together in a strengthening manner at the center of the space and rise, and a high combustion temperature and high combustion efficiency can be obtained. Also, the incinerated material in the processing container is heated and burned almost uniformly, and the ash in the form of powder is discharged from the hole into the space together with the flame without clogging the hole of the plate material with the unburned material.

Further, in the incinerator according to claim 4 of the present invention, a gas combustion space having a volume of two to four times the volume of the processing container is secured above the processing container in the furnace body, It is provided with a blower that blows air into the furnace through a blowhole provided through a furnace wall in a combustion space portion.

In this case, incomplete combustion gas generated during combustion in the processing vessel is completely burned by blowing air from the blower, and high heat based on the combustion is radiated to the processing vessel and the incineration material below the furnace body. Directly transmitted, raises combustion temperature.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the incinerator according to the fifth aspect, wherein the plurality of blowers blow the blower to the gas combustion space from each of a plurality of stages of blow holes provided at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction. And a blower control device for individually controlling the operation and stop of each of the blowers according to the output of a temperature sensor mounted at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction on the inner surface of the furnace wall of the gas combustion space portion It is.

In this case, if an incompletely combusted portion exists in the gas in the gas combustion space, the output of the temperature sensor installed near the portion is reduced. Since a shortage of air supply to the portion can be grasped from this output change, the blower connected to the blow hole of the portion is set to the operating state.

[0016]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing the structure of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view thereof. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a rectangular furnace body, and a bottom surface and three vertical side walls are made of a heat insulating material such as a brick.
An opening / closing plate 2 is provided on the front of the furnace body 1 (the left end in the figure corresponds to the figure), and has a mechanism that opens and closes by moving up and down along grooves formed on the inner surfaces of the left and right furnace walls. Further, the opening / closing plate 2 is divided into upper and lower parts, and when the engaging member 3 is attached, the upper plate 2a and the lower plate 2b can be moved up and down together,
When the engagement member 3 is released, only the upper plate 2a can be moved up and down.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a cover for covering the upper surface of the furnace body 1, which is formed by processing a steel plate, and is provided with an exhaust duct 5 and a water heater 6 for producing hot water by using exhaust heat. 6a and 6b are pipes connecting the water heater 6 to the water tank and the hot water supply device.

Reference numerals 7a, 7b, and 7c denote processing containers which are rectangular bottomed cylinders for storing incinerated materials such as old tires. The structure of the single container will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, 8a,
Reference numerals 8b, 8c, and 8d denote steel plates having a thickness of, for example, 4.5 mm, which constitute left and right side surfaces and front and rear side surfaces of the processing container 7, and reference numeral 8e denotes a plate material that forms the bottom surface of the processing container 7. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, circular holes 9 are formed in each plate member 8 in a so-called staggered arrangement. The optimum diameter of the hole 9 and the interval thereof will be described later. 10a, 1
Reference numeral 0b is a frame for interconnecting the processing containers 7 to arrange the processing containers 7a, 7b, 7c at predetermined intervals.

Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 11 denotes an incineration treatment table provided with an ash tray 12 which can be taken in and out, and wheels 13 as a transport mechanism, and a treatment vessel connected to the upper part by frames 10a and 10b. 7a, 7b and 7c are placed. Reference numeral 14 denotes a rail for guiding the wheels 13. Numeral 15 denotes a left and right furnace in accordance with the position of the space 16 formed between the processing vessels 7a and 7b and between the processing vessels 7b and 7c when the incineration processing table 11 is carried into the furnace body 1 and fixed at a predetermined position. The air holes provided through the wall allow a space (not shown) from an air blower (not shown) installed outside the furnace to pass through these air holes 15.
6 is configured to blow air in a substantially horizontal direction from both left and right lower ends. The space between the inner surface of the furnace wall and the processing container 7 is substantially the same as the space 16.

Next, the operation, that is, the procedure of incineration will be described. First, the opening / closing plate 2 is lifted upward, the front of the furnace body 1 is opened, and the incineration treatment table 11 is carried out of the furnace. Here, it is made of old tires, wood scraps, and various synthetic resins called so-called Hypla. The objects to be incinerated are stored in the respective processing containers 7a, 7b, 7c.
Housed in The processing container 7 prototyped by the inventor is 1.0 to
It has a size of 1.5 m square and can store normal tires and the like as they are.

When the objects to be incinerated are stored, the incineration treatment table 11
Is carried into the furnace body 1 along the rail 14, and is fixed at a predetermined position so as not to move by a latch (not shown). By fixing the incineration treatment table 11 in a predetermined position, as shown in FIGS.
5, and the distance between the processing container 7 and the inner wall of the furnace body 1 is as large as the space 16. In addition, in order to facilitate ignition, a material that is impregnated with oil in a flammable paper or the like is appropriately mixed between the incinerated materials.

The opening / closing plate 2 is once lowered, and then the
And only the upper plate 2a is again lifted to an appropriate height. Further, water is introduced from a water tank into the water heater 6 in order to utilize waste heat. When the preparation for combustion is completed, an appropriate fire source is inserted into the furnace body 1 from the upper opening of the opening and closing plate 2 to ignite the ignition material mixed in the incineration material. At the same time, a blower (not shown) installed outside the furnace body 1 is driven to start blowing air into the furnace body 1 from the blow hole 15. In addition,
The exhaust air from the furnace body 1 is discharged from an exhaust duct 5 formed in the lid 4, and is discharged to the atmosphere through an appropriate dust removal process and a gas purification process.

The state of ignition and the state of combustion thereafter are observed. If there is no abnormality, the upper plate 2a of the opening / closing plate 2 is lowered to start a full-scale combustion process.

Next, the characteristic combustion state in the embodiment of the present invention will be described. The inventor created the incineration mechanism of the present invention from the following thinking process. That is, the conventional relatively small-scale incineration apparatus generally employs a system in which incineration materials are collectively housed in a furnace and air is supplied from below. In this case, the residual component of incomplete combustion is likely to be generated, and this tendency is remarkable when the individual incineration is large. This is because the air is supplied only from the bottom of the incineration material and blows up from the bottom, so that the ash due to combustion is not efficiently discharged from the combustion part and the accumulation of the ash gradually reduces the supply of air to the combustion part. It is thought to go.

Therefore, the inventor secures a space to serve as an air duct in the object to be incinerated, supplies air exclusively to this space from the horizontal direction, and furthermore, increases the rising force of the flame blown into this space. By utilizing this space, a mechanism according to the present invention is supposed in which a strong chimney effect is provided to constantly inhale the combustion gas from the combustion portion to thereby allow new air to flow into the portion.

The inventor conducted experiments under various conditions with respect to the arrangement, diameter and spacing of the holes 9 formed in the plate 8 of the processing container 7. And, in particular, the interval dimension of the space 16 formed between the adjacent processing vessels 7 and the plate material 8 opposed thereto.
It was found that how to form the holes 9 was the most important, and the following conditions were determined.

First, the holes 9 formed in the two plate members 8 facing the space 16 need to be formed at the same position as each other when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plate members 8. This is, as shown in FIG. 5, the two processing vessels 7a, 7b
This is because the flames blown out through the holes 9 of the respective plate members 8 and blown out into the spaces 16 merge at the center of the spaces 16 and grow into strong upward flows. In this case, it is appropriate to set the interval dimension (S) of the space 16 in the range of 8 to 13 cm. If S is less than 8 cm, the size of the duct becomes small and it is difficult to secure a sufficient upflow, and if S is more than 13 cm, the flames from both sides rise individually and the two flames cooperate. And create a strong updraft.

Next, as a method of arranging the holes 9, the staggered arrangement shown in FIG. 4 is most suitable mainly from the viewpoint of the flame behavior described above. However, in this case, it is formed so that the upper side in FIG.

It is appropriate that the diameter (D) of the hole 9 is 4 to 7 cm and the interval (L) is L = 1.5 × D.
If D is smaller than 4 cm, ash generated by combustion tends to clog the holes 9. If D is larger than 7 cm, the combustion conditions in the burnable material in the processing vessel 7, for example, the distribution of temperature and air flow is considerably uneven. become.

After the completion of the combustion, the opening and closing plate 2 is lifted after a necessary cooling time, the incineration treatment table 11 is carried out of the furnace body 1, and the ash accumulated in the ash receiving table 12 is treated. However, when it is desired to continue the incineration process by adding an incineration object, only the upper plate 2a of the opening / closing plate 2 is lifted, and a new incineration object is inserted from this portion using an appropriate operation rod. What should I do? The hot water heated by the water heater 6 is pipe 6
After passing through b, it is sent to a hot water supply device (not shown) and is used for waste heat utilization.

As a specific example, the size of the furnace body is 2 × 3 ×
In an experiment in which old tires and the like were incinerated using the above-described incinerator with a total air supply amount of 2.5 m and a total air supply amount of 100 m ³ / min, a combustion temperature required for complete combustion of 1000 to 1200 ° C. was obtained. And 800-1000 kg / h
A high incineration capacity of r was achieved.

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a structure of an incinerator according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a blower used in the incinerator of FIG. First, in FIG. 6, parts that are the same as or correspond to those in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and individual descriptions are omitted. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that a large space and a gas combustion space 17 are secured above the processing vessel 7 in the furnace body 1. That is, in the example of FIG. 6, the volume of the gas combustion space 17 is about twice that of the processing vessel 7.

The furnace walls in the gas combustion space 17 are provided at upper and lower tiers at predetermined intervals in two upper and lower stages.
Is provided. Although not shown in FIG. 6, as shown in FIG. 7, blowers 20 are respectively disposed outside the blow holes 15, 18 and 19, and air for combustion is introduced into the furnace body 1 from the blow holes. It is configured to send. In FIG.
Reference numerals a and 21b denote radiation-type temperature measurement sensors mounted on the inner surface of the furnace wall of the gas combustion space 17 in accordance with the heights of the ventilation holes 18 and 19, respectively. Reference numeral 22 denotes a blower control device that controls the operation / stop of the blower 20 provided in each blow hole according to the output from the temperature measurement sensors 21a and 21b.

Next, the procedure of incineration will be described. First, the opening / closing plate 2 is lifted upward, the front of the furnace body 1 is opened, and the incineration treatment table 11 is carried out of the furnace. Here, incineration materials such as old tires are stored in the respective processing containers 7a, 7b, 7c. The points are the same as those in FIG. The step is provided on the front side (left side in FIG. 6) of the furnace body 1 in order to prevent the hot gas in the gas combustion space from directly touching the open / close plate 2.

The processing container 7 is carried into the furnace body 1 to ignite the object to be incinerated, and the blower 20 of the blower hole 15 is operated to start blowing air to the processing container 7. A combustible gas containing ash is generated in accordance with the progress of the combustion. However, when the amount of the incinerated material is within a certain range, almost complete combustion is obtained, and both the temperature measurement sensors 21a and 21b are sufficiently high. There is no need to operate the blower 20 of the blow holes 18 and 19 as the output of the temperature.

However, if the amount of the incinerated material exceeds the fixed amount, an efficient combustion state can be obtained in the processing vessel 7 as described with reference to FIG. The part is discharged from the exhaust duct 5 without burning. These exhaust gases contain a large amount of harmful components, which is a problem in itself and is provided at a later stage.
The processing capacity of the dust removal and purification equipment will also be significantly reduced.

The incinerator shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 solves the above-mentioned disadvantages. As described above, when the amount of incompletely combusted gas in the gas combustion space 17 increases, the temperature is naturally detected by the temperature measurement sensors 21a and 21b. The temperature will drop.
The blower control device 22 receives this change, and first puts the blower 20 in the lower blow hole 19 into an operating state. As a result, the incomplete combustion gas in the gas combustion space 17 obtains the added air and oxygen from the ventilation holes 19 and burns efficiently, so that the temperature in the gas combustion space 17 also rises significantly.

Further, if the amount of air blown from the blow hole 19 alone is not enough, this condition is determined by the fact that the temperature detected by the upper temperature measuring sensor 21a does not rise by more than a certain value. The 18 blower 20 is also controlled to be in the operating state. In addition, the air volume of each blower 20 is all the same.

When complete combustion including the exhaust gas from the incineration material is achieved, the gas combustion space 17 becomes extremely hot. As a result, the processing container 7 located below the gas combustion space 17 and the incineration material stored therein are:
Radiation heat from the hot gas combustion space 17 is directly received, and the combustion temperature further rises. In the examples performed by the inventors, this maximum temperature reached 1500 ° C. or higher,
Data was obtained that the combustion efficiency was further improved by this overheating effect. Of course, the ash and harmful components discharged from the exhaust duct 5 are also extremely low.

By the way, sludge that is industrial waste has an extremely high water content of about 70% when it is untreated, and incineration has conventionally been difficult with a small apparatus. By using this, it can be treated at the same time as incineration of old tires and the like, and the running cost can be reduced.

Further, organic lithium and cyanide, which are also industrial wastes, have a high decomposition temperature even though the amount to be treated is small, so that special and expensive equipment had to be used. The incinerator according to the present invention enables simple and low-cost treatment.

In the above embodiment, the volume of the gas combustion space 17 is about twice as large as that of the processing vessel 7, but it is preferable that the volume is in the range of 2 to 4 times in the experimental results. If it is less than two times, the volume is insufficient with respect to the amount of incineration materials to be accommodated in the processing vessel 7, and if it exceeds four times, the effect does not change and only the furnace body 1 becomes large, which is economically disadvantageous. Because. Further, the number of steps and the number of the blow holes are not limited to those in FIG.
The air volume of each blower may be set variously.

[0043]

The incinerator according to claim 1 of the present invention is
As described above, the processing container for storing the incineration material is formed of a plate material having a predetermined hole, and each processing container is arranged via a predetermined space and is blown into the space by a predetermined method. As a result, the space serves as a chimney effect, and a sufficient amount of air is constantly supplied to the incineration material, so that a high combustion capacity can be obtained despite a simple configuration.

Further, the incinerator according to claim 2 is further provided with a predetermined incineration treatment table and a ventilation hole for blowing air, so that workability before and after the combustion step is improved, and blowing is more efficiently performed. .

Further, in the incinerator according to the third aspect, since the space interval and the formation of holes in the plate are set to the respective optimum ranges, it is possible to perform incineration processing by complete combustion with extremely high combustion efficiency.

Further, the incinerator according to claim 4 is provided with a blower for securing a predetermined gas combustion space above the processing vessel inside the furnace and for blowing air from outside the furnace to this part, so that the inside of the processing vessel is provided. The incomplete combustion gas generated from the gas is completely combusted in the gas combustion space, and the radiant heat further increases the combustion temperature in the processing vessel, thereby further improving the combustion efficiency.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the incinerator according to the fifth aspect, the blower for blowing into the gas combustion space comprises a plurality of blowers for blowing air from a plurality of predetermined blow holes, and these blowers are used to output a predetermined temperature measurement sensor. A blower control device that controls the air flow according to the amount of incomplete combustion gas generated,
The operation of the blower is automatically set, and the running cost is reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing the structure of an incinerator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the processing container of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an arrangement of holes formed in a plate material.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a combustion phenomenon in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a structure of an incinerator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a blower used in the incinerator of FIG. 6;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace body 2 Opening / closing plate 7a, 7b, 7C Processing container 8 Plate material 9 hole 11 Incineration processing stand 12 Ash receiving stand 13 Wheel 14 Rail 15, 18, 19 Blow hole 16 Space 17 Gas combustion space 20 Blower 21a, 21b Temperature sensor 22 Blower control device

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of processing vessels for forming a rectangular cylindrical body having four vertical sides formed of rectangular plate members having holes of a predetermined diameter formed at predetermined intervals and for accommodating an incineration object are prepared. Along with disposing the facing plate members of the processing containers adjacent to each other in a furnace so as to be parallel with a predetermined interval therebetween, and in a space formed by the facing plate members, air for combustion is parallel to the surface of the plate members. An incinerator that sends it. 2. A rectangular furnace body having three vertical sides formed by furnace walls and an opening / closing plate provided on the remaining one side, and four vertical sides and a bottom made of a rectangular plate material having holes of a predetermined diameter formed at predetermined intervals. A processing container that forms a rectangular bottomed cylindrical body and stores the incinerated material,
A plurality of the processing vessels are provided in a row at a predetermined interval between the processing vessels at an upper portion, and are placed in a row, and an ash tray for receiving ash after combustion is provided at a lower portion, and a transport mechanism for carrying in / out to the furnace body. The incineration treatment table provided with: An incinerator equipped with a blower that blows air into a furnace through a ventilation hole provided therethrough. 3. The space interval between adjacent processing vessels is set to 8
１３13 cm, and the plate material facing this space is 4-7 cm in diameter (D) and the interval is 1.5 ×
3. A plate material having the same shape with a hole D formed therein, wherein holes formed in both plate materials are located at the same position as each other when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plate material. 2. The incinerator according to 2. 4. The incinerator according to claim 2, wherein a gas combustion space having a volume two to four times the volume of the processing container is secured above the processing container in the furnace. An incinerator comprising a blower that blows air into a furnace through a blow hole provided through a part of the furnace wall. 5. A blower for blowing gas into the gas combustion space is constituted by a plurality of blowers which blow air from a plurality of blow holes provided at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction, and the inside of the furnace wall in the gas combustion space is provided. 5. The incinerator according to claim 4, further comprising a blower control device for individually controlling the operation and stop of each of the blowers according to the outputs of the temperature measurement sensors attached at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction.