JP3200773B2 - Purification structure and method of using same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a purification structure for purifying water such as seas, rivers, canals, lakes and marshes and a method of using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, port structures such as masonry embankments and breakwaters are provided for the purpose of disaster prevention, flow control, and the like. Such a harbor structure has a certain degree of water purification action by biological filtration, aeration and the like. This water purification action largely depends on microorganisms attached to the surface of the structure. However, the conventional port structure does not have a surface to which microorganisms adhere so as to exhibit the required water purification ability, and thus the contribution to seawater purification is extremely limited.

[0003] In order to solve the above problem, the present inventors have:
In various structures provided in water, such as the sea, rivers, canals, and lakes, the area between the walls is filled with a contact material for attaching a biofilm, and the wall or the upper part between the walls is closed. A water purification structure with an opening at the top is proposed. (Japanese Patent Application No. 1-137298)

FIG. 7 shows a seawater purification structure proposed by the present inventors in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-171925. The seawater purification structure 1 is provided in a tidal flat 3 in a semi-enclosed sea area 2, and the seawater purification structure 1 that purifies the water quality of the seawater by transmitting the seawater in the semi-enclosed sea area 2 through the tideland 3. A pond 4 whose bottom is located below the middle water level in the intertidal zone in the tidal flat 3, and a permeability for allowing seawater to enter the pond 4 from the sea area 5 around the tidal flat 3 to the tidal flat 3. A waterway 6 is provided, and a submerged bank 7 is provided on the side of the waterway 6 on the side of the surrounding sea area 5 at a top end at a middle water level or higher in the intertidal zone, and the seawater is transmitted through the tideland 3 into the tideland 3. For this purpose, a plurality of water distribution channels 8 extending from the pond 4 to the surrounding sea area 5 are provided, and crushed stones 9 are filled in the water channel 6 and gravel 10 is filled in the water distribution channel 8. It was done. According to such a seawater purification structure 1, the headrace 6
And the water permeability of the water distribution channel 8 becomes very large compared with the tidal flat 3, and the pressure loss of the water conveyance channel 6 and the water distribution channel 8 becomes extremely small as compared with the tidal flat 3, so that the entire tidal flat 3 can be an effective purification area. it can. Therefore, the amount of seawater exchange in the tidal flat 3 can be increased, and the purification capacity of the tidal flat 3 can be significantly increased. Further, by using the tidal force, which is the natural energy of the surrounding sea area 5, the water quality of the seawater can be purified efficiently and at low cost.

[0005]

The purification structure filled with such a contact material as gravel is mainly purified by a contact settling action, an adsorption action and an oxidative decomposition action. When a biofilm that grows by oxidative decomposition of organic matter becomes thicker, oxygen does not reach the inside of the biofilm and peels off from a contact material such as gravel. However, juveniles enter between the contacting materials when they are extremely small, adhere to the surface of the contacting material, grow, and gradually close the voids. This occurs remarkably at the starting end of a water channel or the like, and particularly, a contact material having a small representative diameter.
It is remarkable in the contact material having a small porosity. When the gap at the start end is reduced, the overall flow rate is reduced, and the purification capacity is reduced. By the way, in the purification treatment of domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater, when the contact material is clogged, the inside of the treatment space is washed by operating an air aeration device, a backwashing device and the like. However, if a seawater purification structure, which is much larger than a domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater treatment facility, is equipped with an air aeration device or backwashing device used in a domestic wastewater treatment facility, the treatment space will be reduced. There is a problem that enormous cost is required for every cleaning. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a purification structure for preventing clogging of a contact material and a method of using the same.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a purification structure having an inflow chamber for introducing water from a body of water and leading out water to the treatment space. A filter medium for capturing aerobic organisms that hinders the flow of water in the treatment space is provided in the inflow chamber, and an introduction portion and an exit portion of the inflow chamber include an opening / closing mechanism.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a purification structure having a plurality of inflow chambers for the purification structure according to the first aspect.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of using a purifying structure, wherein a reducing agent is added to a closed inflow chamber, thereby making the closed inflow chamber anaerobic. Is the way.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for using a purification structure according to the present invention, wherein an oxidizing agent is added to a closed inflow chamber, and an organism in the inflow chamber is killed by an oxidizing action of the oxidizing agent. It is a way to make it.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of using a purification structure according to the present invention, wherein at least one of the plurality of inflow chambers is closed to kill the aerobic organism. On the other hand, this is a method in which the purifying action is continued by setting the other inflow chambers to the flowing state, and these plural inflow chambers are selectively brought into the closed state and the flowing state.

[0011]

According to the purifying structure of the first aspect of the present invention,
In the inflow chamber for introducing water from the body of water and drawing out water to the treatment space, a filter medium for capturing living organisms such as shellfish is provided, so that the shellfish and the like flowing into the purification structure adhere to the filter medium, and the treatment space. Prevents shellfish, etc. from flowing into the interior. Further, the filter medium keeps the suspended substance having a large particle diameter on the upstream side and inside of the filter medium to prevent the suspended substance from flowing into the processing space.

According to the method of using the purification structure according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the reducing agent is added to the closed inflow chamber, the dissolved oxygen decreases, the inflow chamber becomes anaerobic, and the inside of the inflow chamber is reduced. Shellfish etc. die.

According to the method of using the purification structure according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the oxidizing agent is added to the closed inflow chamber, the aerobic organisms in the inflow chamber are killed by the oxidizing action.

According to the method of using the purification structure according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since at least one of the plurality of inflow chambers is closed, the dissolved oxygen in the water in the closed inflow chamber is:
It is consumed by aerobic organisms in the inflow chamber, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of water in the inflow chamber decreases. Further, since nutrients are not supplied, shells and the like inside the inflow chamber die.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the seawater purification structure of the present invention and the method of using the same will be described in detail with reference to examples. FIG.
FIG. 3 to FIG. 3 are views showing one embodiment of the purification structure of the present invention. In these drawings, reference numeral 11 denotes a purification structure. The purification structure 11 is a water channel type installed in the sea area, and communicates with the purification treatment chamber 12, the first inflow chamber 13, the communication path 14 surrounded by the first inflow chamber 13, and the communication path 14. And a second inflow chamber 15.

The purification processing chamber 12 has a processing space 12 inside.
a, and the processing space 12a is filled with contact materials 16 with a biofilm attached to the surface. In this processing space, seawater is purified mainly by oxidative decomposition of organic substances by a biofilm. For the contact members 16, for example, gravel or crushed stone is used. In this purification processing chamber 12,
A rectifying plate 17 such as a perforated plate is attached to the end on the inflow side.

The first inflow chamber 13 is provided upstream of the current plate 17.
Is provided. The first inflow chamber 13 is provided with a current plate 17
The opening / closing mechanism 18a
Is provided, and a partition 13a with the water area A is provided.
And an introduction section 19 having an opening / closing mechanism 19a. The first inflow chamber 13 is provided with the filter media 20 so as to cause almost no pressure loss therein.

As shown in FIG. 3, the filter medium 20 is a plate or the like formed in a state in which a string of plastics is intertwined. The filter medium 20 is formed so that the porosity is 90% or more.

The communication passage 14 is formed below the center of the first inflow chamber 13 and has a lead-out portion 21 having an opening / closing mechanism 21a at substantially the same position as the lead-out portion 18.
The communication passage 14 communicates with the second inflow chamber 15 on the upstream side, and sends water from the second inflow chamber 15 to the purification processing chamber 12.

The second inflow chamber 15 has a partition wall 15a with the water area A.
And an introduction portion 22 having an opening / closing mechanism 22a.
Contact members 20 are arranged inside the inflow chamber 15 similarly to the first inflow chamber 13.

As shown in FIG. 2, the filter media 20 are arranged such that one side of the filter media 20a, 20a is fixed to both wall surfaces 13a, 13a, and the interval therebetween is gradually reduced in the downstream direction. 20a, 20a, a filter medium 20b is provided at a distance from the walls 13a, 13a in a direction perpendicular to the flow.
Distribute. Then, such an arrangement is continued in the flow direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 may be such that the arrangement shown in FIG. Inflow chamber 1
The flow velocity in the filter media 3 and 15 is such that the contact velocity of the gradually narrowing flow path between the filter media 20a and 20a is 50 cm / sec or less and the flow velocity passing through the inside of the filter media 20 is 10 cm / sec or less. Is attached to and supplemented by the filter media 20 ...
It is suitable.

The filter medium is not limited to the above-described example.
Is a rod-shaped molded body 30 in which a plastic lacing body is intertwined, and has a longitudinal hole 30a therein.
A material having a large surface area to which the microorganisms adhere, such as a product having a surface, is appropriately used. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a rectangular plate 40 having a wire mesh 40a around the periphery thereof, to which moving hooks 40b, 40b are attached, and a granular material made of a squid or the like, or the plastic string It may be a molded body in which the bodies are entangled or filled with another molded body. In particular, oysters make effective use of waste.

Next, the purification structure 11 having the above configuration
The method of use and the operation of the device will be described. First, the inlet 19 and outlet 18 of the first inflow chamber 13 that have been opened.
Is closed, the introduction portion 22 of the second inflow chamber 15 and the communication passage 14 are closed.
Is opened. Water area A due to tidal energy
The seawater flows into the second inflow chamber 15 through the introduction part 22 and flows down in the second inflow chamber 15. From the inflowing seawater, suspended substances having a large particle diameter are removed by the filter medium 20 and sand and the like settle. In addition, extremely small juvenile shellfish and the like attach to the filter media 20 and grow firmly. At this time, dissolved oxygen is consumed in the closed first inflow chamber 13 by aerobic microorganisms and the like in the inflow chamber 13, and almost no dissolved oxygen is consumed in 10 minutes to 5 hours. When the dissolved oxygen is exhausted, the larvae attached to the filter media 20 die in one to three days.

After a predetermined period, the introduction section 19 of the first inflow chamber 13
And the outlet section 18 is opened, and the introduction section 22 of the second inflow chamber 15 is opened.
And the outlet 21 of the communication passage 14 is closed, and the first inflow chamber 1 is closed.
3 Inlet seawater. First inflow chamber 13 and second inflow chamber 1
The action with 5 is similar to the action described above. In this way, one of the inflow chambers is closed, and the other is used while flowing, and is switched at predetermined intervals. This switch is from 10 days to 1 month in winter and 1 switch from spring to autumn.
Every week to every 10 days is appropriate.

The rate of decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the closed inflow chambers 13 and 15 differs depending on the arrangement of the filter media 20 and the amount of the attached biofilm. To increase the speed, it is effective to add a reducing agent that does not contaminate the water area A, for example, sodium sulfite in an amount of about 90 g per 1 m ³ of water in the inflow chamber.

Alternatively, in the closed inflow chambers 13 and 15, there is a water killing area such as sodium hypochlorite and water A
Oxidizing agents such as chlorine agents that do not pollute the effective chlorine concentration 5mg
/ l to 10 mg / l to kill both shellfish and biofilm microorganisms at the same time.

According to the purification structure 11 of the present embodiment as described above, juveniles and the like do not flow into the processing space 12a, so that the gap between the contact materials is not blocked by the growth of the immobilized juveniles. . Further, the organic substance and the inorganic substance having a large particle diameter rarely flow into the processing space due to the filtering action of the filter media 20. In addition, sedimentable substances such as sand settle down in the inflow chamber, so that they may precipitate in the processing chamber. Few. Therefore, the gap between the contact materials is not closed, the water permeability does not decrease,
It becomes a purification structure that maintains a high processing capacity. Further, when the filter media 20 are clogged after being used for a long time, the filter media 20 can be removed and washed.

Although the above-described embodiment is a channel-type purification structure, the present invention is not limited to the channel type. For example, the present invention is applicable to caisson-type partition walls, breakwaters, wave-dissipating structures, and the like that use a contact material in order to increase the adhesion area of microorganisms. Further, the purification structure of the present invention is not limited to purification of sea areas, but purifies water bodies such as rivers, canals, lakes and marshes.

[0029]

According to the purifying structure of the first aspect of the present invention, a filter medium for capturing organisms such as shellfish is provided in an inflow chamber for introducing water from a water area and extracting water to a treatment space. Therefore, organisms such as shellfish that have flowed into the purification structure adhere to the filter medium, and prevent organisms such as shellfish from flowing into the processing space. Further, the filter medium keeps the suspended substance having a large particle diameter on the upstream side and inside of the filter medium to prevent the suspended substance from flowing into the processing space. In addition, sedimentable substances such as sand settle in the inflow chamber. For this reason, the gap between the contact materials is not closed,
The processing space is not clogged. Therefore, it has a high processing capability over a long period.

According to the method of using the purification structure according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the reducing agent is added to the closed inflow chamber, the dissolved oxygen in the water in the inflow chamber is reduced to be in an anaerobic state, so that the inflow chamber becomes anaerobic. Shellfish etc. die. Therefore, shellfish and the like do not adhere to and grow on the contact material filled in the processing space, and the processing space is not clogged.

According to the method of using the purification structure according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the oxidizing agent is added to the closed inflow chamber, organisms in the inflow chamber are killed by the oxidizing action.
Therefore, live shellfish and the like do not flow into the downstream processing space. Therefore, shellfish and the like do not adhere to the contact material in the processing space and grow, and the processing space is not clogged.

According to the method of using the purification structure according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the plurality of inflow chambers is closed, while the other inflow chambers are in the flow state to continue the purification action. Then, the dissolved oxygen in the water in the closed inflow chamber decreases, and the shells inside the inflow chamber die. Therefore, shellfish and the like do not adhere to and grow on the contact material filled in the processing space, and the processing space is not clogged. In addition, the purifying process can be continuously performed without temporarily stopping the purifying process as in the case of the backwashing, and shellfish and the like can be killed simultaneously with the purifying process. In addition, since each of the plurality of inflow chambers is selectively brought into the closed state and the circulation state, it can be switched at appropriate intervals.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing one embodiment of a purification structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an inflow chamber of the purification structure shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the filter medium shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the inflow chamber.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the filter medium.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the filter medium.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional purification structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Purification structure 12 Purification processing chamber 12a Processing space 13 First inflow chamber 15 Second inflow chamber 16 Contact material 18 Outlet 18a Opening / closing mechanism 19 Introducing section 19a Opening / closing mechanism 20 Filter medium 21 Outgoing section 21a Opening / closing mechanism 22 Introducing section 22a Opening / closing mechanism A Body of water

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A purification structure for purifying a water area such as a sea, a river, a canal, a lake, or a marsh, having a treatment space filled with a contact material to which a biofilm is attached, and introducing water from the water area. And a filter medium for capturing aerobic organisms that hinders the flow of water in the processing space is provided in the inflow chamber, and an inlet and an outlet for the inflow chamber are provided. A purification structure, characterized in that the part comprises an opening / closing mechanism. 2. The purification structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the inflow chambers are provided. 3. The method for using a purification structure according to claim 1, wherein a reducing agent is added to the closed inflow chamber, thereby bringing the closed inflow chamber into an anaerobic state. How to use things. 4. The method for using a purification structure according to claim 1, wherein an oxidizing agent is added to the closed inflow chamber, and an organism is killed by an oxidizing action. 5. The method of using the purification structure according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of inflow chambers is closed to kill the aerobic organisms, and the other inflow chambers are in circulation. The purifying action is continued, and each of the plurality of inflow chambers is
A method for using a purification structure, wherein the purification structure is selectively closed or distributed.