JP3201745B2 - Structure and natural ventilation system of natural ventilation building for detached house - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a natural ventilation building in a low-rise house and a natural ventilation system using the same. In particular, since the structure (pit portion) provided in the building itself is used as a ventilation path, space saving and cost reduction can be realized in the construction of a naturally ventilated building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional residential ventilation systems include:
There is a central ventilation system directly connected to ducts and a ventilation system using preheating air supply.The central ventilation system directly connected to ducts uses a gap in the air supply path, and is constantly exhausted by a ventilation fan from a washroom, bath, toilet, etc. This is a ventilation system that discharges indoor polluted air by connecting to a chimney as a ventilation path. In addition, the preheating air supply ventilation system is mainly used for houses with basic insulation floors for cold districts. There are two types of outside air intake methods, a method using the underfloor space as an air supply path, and a centralized ventilation port There is a method of taking in outside air using a ceiling via a preheating room.

[0003]

In the above two types of proposals, the duct-directed centralized ventilation system allows natural ventilation of the house, but does not use the structure of the building itself as ventilation equipment, and the duct is a ventilation path. Is connected from each room to the chimney, and the contaminated air from washrooms, baths and toilets, which are generally concentrated on the lower floors, is directly ducted from the exhaust port to the chimney, so duct members and duct space are required At the same time, the duct work becomes difficult and the installation cost becomes high.

[0004] Further, a ventilation system utilizing preheating air supply using an underfloor space as an air supply path cannot be used except for a basic insulated floor for cold regions, and it is necessary to secure a preheating room in a preheating room and a ceiling use method. Becomes Therefore, the planar freedom of the building is reduced due to structural restrictions. Furthermore, the air supply route is provided for warming measures in cold regions, and there is a problem that the utility is low in relatively warm regions south of the Tohoku region. The present invention focuses on such conventional problems. The purpose of the present invention is to use a pit itself of a building as a ventilation path, thereby rationalizing ventilation facilities in each room, reducing installation costs, and relatively reducing installation costs. It enables installation in warm areas.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to the present invention comprises:
Air supply openings are provided in the outdoor walls of the upper and lower floors to take in fresh outdoor air, and each room has a staircase,
A ventilation path is formed by providing a suction grill on the ceiling of the pit portion and the ventilation hole leading to the blow-through. In addition, an exhaust chamber that concentrates the ventilation flow in the building behind the hut above the intake grille, and a ventilation opening on the roof and a ventilation chamber below the ventilation opening to efficiently discharge contaminated air in the building by natural action . Furthermore, the gist is that the exhaust chamber and the ventilation chamber are connected by a duct, or the ridge ventilation chamber is eliminated, the length of the duct is shortened, and the duct is eliminated.

In addition, the structure of the natural ventilation building for a detached house according to the present invention is characterized in that a chimney is provided from a pit portion to a building. Further, the gist is that a fan or a damper and an air flow sensor are provided in the exhaust chamber.

Further, in the natural ventilation system according to the present invention, a fan and / or a damper and an airflow sensor are provided in the exhaust chamber, and the building passes from the outside of the building to each room on the upper and lower floors, the pit portion, and exits from the pit suction grill to the ridge. The main point is to artificially adjust the ventilation rate due to natural effects such as indoor / outdoor temperature difference and external wind force.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the present invention, the pits penetrating the upper and lower floors include a staircase and a stairwell, and the present invention provides a ventilation path from each room to the building. The pit portion of the building is used. The outside air intake of each room installed on the upper and lower floors to take in fresh air from the outside generally has a through hole for air intake in the outer wall, and most of them have a simple air supply hole fitted. It is possible to use frames. In addition, since the ventilation flow changes depending on the position, it is desirable to provide the airflow at a position suitable for the area, such as the temperature difference between inside and outside and the air volume. In addition, the outside air taken into each room is discharged from each room through a vent such as a door undercut or rattle provided for the pit portion, and is discharged from a suction grill provided in the ceiling of the pit portion. By devising the positional relationship between the ventilation holes and the ventilation holes, the flow of ventilation in each room can be adjusted.

It is preferable to use a heat-insulating material for the exhaust chamber behind the upper hut of the suction grill in order to prevent the material from becoming hot. It is preferable to use a heat-insulating material such as soft vinyl chloride or foamed polyethylene as the material of the duct connecting the exhaust chamber and the ventilation chamber. Furthermore, by using a lightweight metal for the exhaust chamber and the ventilation chamber, it is possible to reduce the weight of the natural ventilation system.

[0010]

[Embodiment 1] A structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 1 to 4 are diagrams or graphs showing a configuration and an effect of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a first embodiment of the present invention corresponding to claim 1. FIG. 1 is a natural ventilation building for a detached house. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the ventilation system at the back of the hut, FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the ventilation building, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results over 5 days when using a natural ventilation building for a detached house. is there.

In FIG. 1, (1) is an air supply port for taking in fresh outdoor air into each room on the upper and lower floors, (2) is a ventilation passage using a pit, and (3) and (4) are ventilation ventilation ventilations using a pit. mouth,
(5) is a suction grill provided on the ceiling of the pit, (6) is an exhaust chamber, (7) is a ventilation port, (8) is a ventilation chamber, and (9) is a duct.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, in a detached house having a pit portion, a natural ventilation building for a detached house having a ventilation path from an air supply port to the ridge through the pit portion is provided. It is about structure.

The air supply port (1) of this embodiment employs a circular air supply port of about φ20 cm. By installing a filter, pollutants and other contaminants such as pollen and dust can be removed from the outside. .

In order to secure a ventilation path from each chamber to the pit, gaps are provided at the upper and lower ends of the door to provide ventilation holes (3).
(4). Further, a suction grille (5) is provided on the ceiling of the pit portion, and an exhaust chamber (6) is provided behind the cabin, and both are connected. As shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust chamber (6) is connected to the ridge by a duct (9) made of polyethylene foam having a diameter of about 200 mm, and a ventilation chamber (8) is attached to the end of the duct. The building has ventilation openings (7a) and (7b), and the ventilation chamber (8) is provided with the ventilation openings (7) so that the air discharged from the ventilation chamber (8) can escape to the outside more efficiently than the ventilation openings.
a) It is preferably provided at a location close to (7b). The exhaust chamber (6), the duct (9), the ventilation chamber (8), and the ventilation openings (7a) (7b) form a ventilation path to the outside of the building, which passes through the pit portion from each room to the ridge. .

In a building having the structure described above, buoyancy and wind force generated by a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building from the ventilation opening draws indoor air from the ventilation opening, and the air flows from the pit portion of the building and the exhaust grill of each floor. Is sucked out, and outside air is introduced from an air supply port on the lower floor. Therefore, since the air in each room naturally flows to the ridge via the building pit or the exhaust grill, an effective natural ventilation type house can be provided. The final ventilation openings (7a) and (7b) to the outside are formed on both sides of the building and are not affected by the wind direction. Further, since the wind flows along the roof, a suction effect by a negative pressure is generated. 4 (a) to 4 (c) show the results of actually measuring the ventilation volume over 5 days using this structure. (A) is a graph showing an outdoor wind speed, (b) is a graph showing a comparison between an outside air temperature and an average room temperature, and (c) is a graph showing a ventilation air volume every one hour. As described above, the ventilation air volume according to the present invention fluctuates with the fluctuation of the temperature and the wind speed (90 to 200 m ³ / h), but the generally required ventilation frequency of 0.35 to 0.5 times / h is secured. . Therefore, by using the building structure as in the present embodiment, it is possible to cover a necessary ventilation volume by natural ventilation. In addition, since the air collected in the exhaust chamber is directly discharged to the outside by the duct, it is preferable that the air does not discharge to the back of the hut.

Embodiment 2 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A description will be given based on FIG. This embodiment corresponds to claim 2 in which the duct and the ventilation chamber (8) according to the first embodiment are eliminated, and a chimney (13) that passes through a pit into a building is provided. Such a configuration is preferable because a sufficient diameter of the chimney can be ensured to ensure a sufficient amount of ventilation, and that the dirty air is not released to the back of the cabin. Also, since the open area of the ridge can be secured large,
Sufficient ventilation can be secured by natural ventilation. Although this embodiment assumes a one-story house, the same applies to a multi-story house.

Embodiment 3 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment corresponds to claim 3, wherein the exhaust chamber according to the first embodiment includes:
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a fan (10), an air flow sensor (11) are provided, and a duct (9) is provided to the center of the back of the hut, and has a structure similar to that of the first embodiment. And If the building structure of this embodiment is used, it is determined in the control device (not shown) whether the signal received by the air flow sensor (11) is the optimum ventilation, and the operation is automatically turned ON / O.
FF can be performed. In addition to automatically obtaining the optimal ventilation as described above, it is also possible to set and adjust ON / OFF or the intensity of the ventilation with a switch of the fan according to the occupant's preference. In addition, since the duct that reaches from the exhaust chamber to the central part of the cabin is used, air from each room is opened at the central part of the cabin,
Since the air is discharged not only from the ventilation opening of the building but also from the ventilation opening (14) in the hut, efficient ventilation is possible. FIG. 8 is a graph showing a change in the annual measurement value of the ventilation rate using the building structure of the present embodiment. The fan is operated when the air volume in summer and the middle period is small, and as a result, the required ventilation is secured. Although the present embodiment has been described using a fan as the air volume adjusting device, a damper may be used or both may be used together.

Embodiment 4 A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 10, a fan (10), an air flow sensor (11), and a damper (12) are provided in the exhaust chamber (6) of the third embodiment, and both of them are controlled in accordance with the ventilation air flow, so that the natural ventilation volume is increased. The present invention relates to a natural ventilation system that regulates air pressure. As shown in FIG. 11, the fan (10)
By using both the damper (12) and the damper (12), the optimum ventilation can be obtained. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the damper (11) automatically opens and closes in a stepwise manner during strong winds to suppress excessive ventilation according to the airflow at that time, and the fan (10) is automatically activated during light winds. By driving and maintaining the required ventilation volume, fine stepwise ventilation volume control becomes possible.
It is also possible to increase the ventilation according to the resident's preference. In this embodiment, since the duct that generates the air resistance is eliminated, the ventilation flow collected in the exhaust chamber through the suction grille of the pit portion is not obstructed at all, and is opened in large quantities to the entire back of the cabin. In addition, sufficient natural ventilation is ensured. Although the first, third, and fourth embodiments have been described with reference to a two-story house, the present invention can be applied to a single-story house or an upper floor of a completely separated upper and lower floor such as an apartment. .

[0019]

According to the present invention, each room is provided with an air supply port for introducing fresh air from the outside, and each room is provided with a vent from each room to a ventilation passage using a pit portion, whereby the entire room is provided. While making the ventilation volume of the
Since the building itself is used as a ventilation path, natural ventilation can be achieved at low cost without damaging the appearance of the building. Also,
By providing a ventilation opening at the top of the building, it is possible to promote ventilation using the suction effect of the temperature difference between inside and outside and the wind force. Furthermore, indoor air is collected in the exhaust chamber behind the cabin, and the duct is partially or wholly used according to the situation to exhaust air from the ventilation opening to the outside, so that a ventilation system that takes into account the characteristics of the use area can be realized.

By providing a damper and a flow rate sensor in the exhaust chamber, it is possible to suppress excessive ventilation in the middle of winter and strong winds. In addition, by providing a fan and an air flow sensor in the exhaust chamber, ventilation that improves the ventilation shortage in the middle period of air conditioning, in the summer, and when there is no wind has become possible. Further, by providing a damper, a fan, and a flow rate sensor in the exhaust chamber, the ventilation rate throughout the year can be automatically maintained at an optimum value or maintained at a value desired by the occupant. further,
By making the exhaust method from the building a chimney shape, it is possible to secure the chimney diameter firmly, it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of ventilation, and it is preferable because dirty air is not released to the back of the cabin. In addition, a large open area of the ridge can be secured, so that sufficient ventilation can be secured by natural ventilation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural sectional view of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a vaulted ventilation facility according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a ventilation ridge section according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing measurement results when using a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural sectional view of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural sectional view of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows the inside of an exhaust chamber (fan) according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Schematic sectional view of

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when a fan according to the third embodiment of the present invention is used.

FIG. 9 is a configuration and a schematic sectional view of a natural ventilation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the inside of an exhaust chamber (fan / damper) according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when the natural ventilation system of Example 4 of the present invention is used.

FIG. 12 is an operation specification diagram of the natural ventilation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air supply port 2 Ventilation passage using a pit part 3 and 4 Vent port 5 Intake grill 6 Exhaust chamber 7 Ventilation port 8 Ventilation chamber 9 Duct 10 Fan 11 Airflow sensor 12 Damper 13 Chimney 14

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hajime Yada 1-1-88 Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Sekisui House Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshio Tani 1-chome, Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka No. 1-88 Sekisui House Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-10-176851 (JP, A) JP-A-63-54543 (JP, A) JP-A-62-172138 (JP, A) 11-241843 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F24F 7/10 E04B 1/70 F24F 7/02 F24F 7/04

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. In a building having a pit portion penetrating the upper and lower floors, an air supply port for each room on each floor from outside, an air vent at two locations above and below from each room to a pit portion ventilation path, and a pit ceiling. the suction grille is provided, on the attic of the suction grill top, provided with an exhaust chamber having an air flow sensor, building both
Side, and a ventilation chamber below the vent.
Exhaust duct and ventilation chamber respectively
The structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house, characterized by being connected by: 2. A building having a pit passing through upper and lower floors.
In each room on each floor, from outside air supply port, from each room
Ventilation holes for pit-use ventilation passages, suction holes in pit ceiling
Air flow sensor on the back of the cabin above the suction grill.
Ventilation chambers with ventilation holes on both sides of the building.
Provide a ventilation opening at the back of the hut at the eaves,
A duct that has an open duct with a duct extending
The ventilation flow is opened from the tip of the building to the entire back of the hut,
A structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house, which is discharged from a vent and a ventilation opening in the back of a hut . 3. A building having a pit passing through upper and lower floors.
In each room on each floor, from outside air supply port, from each room
Ventilation holes for pit-use ventilation passages, suction holes in pit ceiling
Air flow sensor on the back of the cabin above the suction grill.
Ventilation chambers with ventilation holes on both sides of the building.
A ventilation hole at the back of the eaves is provided, directly from the exhaust chamber.
A duct is provided so that the ventilation flow is open to the entire back of the hut
Open the upper part of the exhaust chamber,
Ventilation flow is open to the entire attic, and the ventilation openings of the building and the
The structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house, which is discharged from a vent . 4. An exhaust chamber according to claim 1,
Doors and dampers, and through each room on each floor from outside the building.
To the pit, from each room through two upper and lower vents
Ventilation flow flows, and the exhaust
A natural ventilation system characterized by artificially adjusting the amount of ventilation due to natural action passing through a chamber and going into a building by controlling the fan and / or damper based on detection of an airflow sensor.