JP3202704B2 - Small particles of aerosols of medical liposomes and drug-containing liposomes - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The field of the present invention is
Liposomes and liposome-drug combinations?
Small aerosol. [0002] 2. Description of the Related Art A small particle aerosol is one colloid.
In a system, the continuous layer in the system is a gas and most of the particles
Is less than 5 microns in diameter and has an aerodynamic mass
The intermediate diameter is defined as being one to three microns.
You. The benefit of this discontinuous particle size is
The points are as follows. That is, the particles settle down small
These particles are respiratory
A considerable part when inhaled deep inside the
Can go through. For example, 1.5 micron diameter
46% of the total inhaled volume reaches the lungs and the remaining
36% remain in the nose and upper respiratory tract. Particles like this
Can reach a certain area,
Be able to treat any level of disease
(Gilbert, BE, Wilson, SZ, and Knigh
t, V., 1986, Ribavir influenza virus infection
Treatment with in aerosol "How to treat influenza,
UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cell Biology "
Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, New York, P343. ) For small particle aerosol therapy, other methods of administration may not be possible.
Sending too much drug to the respiratory epithelium that cannot be reached
(Knight, V. 1973, empty of respiratory pathogenic virus)
Qi infection and lung deposition, virus and mycoplus
Respiratory Tract Infection by Ma, V, Knight, Lea and Febiger, Ph
iladelphia, Pennsylvania. P.1). Like this in the lungs
The arriving drug is then absorbed at a constant rate into the systemic circulatory system.
Will be collected. Putting dried phospholipids in an aqueous environment
To have a multi-layer structure, which is a permeable barrier
Will have the function of Called liposomes
These lipid parcels combine with aqueous chambers that are not in contact with each other.
Forming a bilayer outer layer of a series of afferent lipids in a closed system
are doing. The composition of the compartments in the aqueous layer forms liposomes.
Liquid layer. Because of this, it is very extensive
Substances can be incorporated into the lipid bilayer.
You. The marker substance incorporated in the liposome is natural
Released by various degradable substances in the same manner as
Can be Such liposomes can be
Because it can be prepared from the substances found in the membrane,
Liposomes are considered non-toxic to mammalian hosts
Is Recent research using humans and experimental animals
The results also support the idea that liposomes are nontoxic.
I have. Embedding water-soluble compounds in liposomes
The fact is that liposomes can be used clinically to carry drugs.
The inference that it was useful as a body was brought. this
Such expectations are not fully realized for water-soluble drugs.
Not. However, recent water-insoluble anticancer drugs
And studies on antimicrobial agents, liposomes
Ideal for water-insoluble drug carriers
It has been suggested. Of the drug contained in the liposome
The amount is large, and the liposome membrane is
Unless broken by any of the breaks, the contents of the drug
More control over a long time because it is not released
A customized drug release program is possible. Further experiments
In animals, liposomes are more
Encapsulating drugs inside actually reduces toxicity
Was observed. For liposomes and drug compounds, the particle size
Non-uniform, from 1 micron to 10 microns in diameter
When administered orally or intravenously.
Large doses are administered. The applicant for this patent is a small particle
Liposomes for azoles and combinations of liposomes and drugs
Details, suggestions, or past
I have no intention of learning about the technology of
Liposome heterogeneous particles and liposomes and drugs
Combined particles into smaller liposome particles
(Less than 1 micron in diameter) to more homogeneous particles
I have no idea how to make it. Eazo
The size of the tool particles determines the efficacy of the drug after it has turned into an aerosol.
Aerosol generator or nebulizer without any loss of fruit
Can be controlled by the operating characteristics of the riser
You can do it. Formulations administered by nebulizer
Aerosol particles depending on the concentration in the liposomes
Child (intermediate diameter of aerodynamic mass of 1-3 microns)
Included liposomes or liposome-drug combinations
Particles (less than 1 micron in diameter)
You. In vitro experiments have shown that liposomes
It is an effective carrier for incorporation into cells.
I'm sorry. Liposomes are water-soluble and lipid-soluble drugs
Large scientific literature showing that it can be a carrier for
Has been announced. Hundreds of different substances are liposo
In the game. Further details on liposomes
Description, its preparation and application, and references
Is American Laboratory, P125-135, October 1985
No. [0003] As past methods, the following literature and features are listed.
Huh is representative.AMA Drug Evaluation , Fifth Edition P1162-1166.Annals NYAS   Liposo in treatment and preventive medicine
In the concept of drug carriers. G. Gregoriadis, 1978,308 P343−65Clinical Science and Mol. Med., For patients with neoplastic tumors
Of bleomycin-containing liposomes after intravenous injection
Regarding the distribution in hepatocytes, W. Segel, G .; Gregoriadi
s, J.S. P. Lavender, D.S. Tarin, T .; J. Peters, 1976
Year,51, P421-25.J. Infect. Dis., Treatment of systemic fungal infections in cancer patients
Embedded amphotericin B for treatment, preliminary
Research, G. Berenstein-Lopez. V. Fainstein, R .; Hopfe
r, K. Metha, M .; Sullivan, M .; Keating, M.S. Rosenblu
m, R. Metha, M. Luna, E. Hersh, J .; Reuben, R .; Julia
no, G. Bodey, 1985,151, P704-10Infect. Immun . Of liposome-embedded amphotericin B
Effects on rat macrophages and lymph cells,
R. Metha, K. Metha, G. Lopez-Berenstein, R.A. Julian
o, 1985,47, P. 429-33.The Lancet  Artificial surfactant administration therapy for hyaline membrane disease.
Law, T. Fujiawara, H .; Maeta, S.M. Chida, T .; Morita,
Y. Watabe, T .; Abe, 1980,1 P55-59.Pediatrics
Treatment of vitreous membrane disease with surfactants obtained from cattle. ASSmy
th, I. L. Metcalfe, P .; Duffty, F. Possmayer, M.S.
H. Bryan, G .; Enhorning, 1983,71 P913-17.Pediatric  Separation and respiration of human surfactant from amniotic fluid
Its effect on suppression symptoms. M. Hallman, T .; A. Merrit
t, H. Schneider, B .; Epstein, F .; Mannino, D.S. Edward
s, L. Gluck, 1983,71, P473-82.Pediatric Res.,  For the treatment of respiratory depression in children
Spraying of sonicated phospholipids. H. H. Ivey, J .; Katti
nwinkel, S.M. Roth, 1977,11, P301-14.The Lancet,  Dry artificial lung surfactant and very immature
Its effect on the child. C.J. Morley, A .; D. Banham, N .;
Miller, J .; A. Davis, 1981,1, P64-68.The Lanet,  Artificial surfactant to prevent respiratory depression
Control trial of sexual agent. H. L. Halliday, G .; McClur
e, M. Reid, T .; R. J. Lappin, C .; Meban, P .; S. Thoma
s, 1984,1, P476-78. U.S. Patent No. 4,370,349 Lyophilized Latent Liposo
U.S. Pat.
Lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids in the presence of # 0 long chain fatty acids
Method of emulsifying an aqueous mixture of acids, or basic amino
To emulsify in the presence of phosphate and egg yolk phospholipids, USA
Patent No. 4,073,943 Refine water-insoluble pharmacologically active substances
Parenteral administration as a poid layer. U.S. Patent No. 4,
No. 536,519 Regarding emulsifiers and emulsified cosmetics, the United States
Patent No. 4,563,354 Regarding parenteral administration of water and oil emulsion
hand, [0004] The present invention is useful for medical purposes.
Liposomes and liposome-drug combinations?
And a method for producing the same. [0005] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to medical objects.
And small particle aerosol liposomes and liposome binding drugs
It relates to the fact that an object has beneficial properties. Book
A small particle as used in the invention is one colloid
System, in which the continuous layer is a gas and the majority of the particles
Is less than 5 microns in diameter and aerodynamic mass average linear
The diameter is in the range of 1 to 3 microns. this
Liposomes range in size from less than 1 micron to 10 microns.
Heterogeneous up to cron. Advantage here
Liposomes and aerosols by aerosol nebulizer
And the particle size of liposomes and drugs is as small as 1 micron or less.
Is to be done. Moreover, such a small liposo
And liposomes and drug particles retain their pharmacological effects
It is to exist. [0006] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Small particle air by liposome alone
Treatment with sol is effective. Because liposo
Are very similar to the surfactants in the lungs,
Can repair respiratory damage caused by
That's why. Can be administered in combination with liposomes
The range of drugs that can be used is wide, and the dosage range is large.
be able to. In general, previously published harmless energy
The amount of the drug in the form of an azole can be
Harmless small-particle aerosol with a combination ofsomes and drugs
It can be applied to liposomes and drugs. Liposo
The amount of drug in the combination drug-
Control by the concentration of the drug in the storage bin
Wear. The amount of drug used depends on the duration of treatment,
It is determined by things and others. For example, 24 hours
Dosage depends on need, drug toxicity, biochemical
Sub-nanogram to several grams depending on quality and other factors
Within the range. The combination of liposome and drug is water
Both soluble and fat-soluble drugs can be included. This
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to
By a combination of liposomes or liposomes and drugs
It is to prepare a small particle aerosol. Further of the present invention
Another purpose is to completely lose the pharmacological effect of the drug.
Using an aerosol nebulizer
Liposomes of almost uniform size
There is a method of preparing particles (1 micron or less in diameter). Sa
Another object of the present invention is to completely eliminate the pharmacological effects of drugs.
Without loss, from liposomes of heterogeneous size,
Almost homogeneous small particle liposome / drug combination particles
There is a method of preparing offspring. Yet another object of the invention is to provide
Small particle aerosol liposomes on patient's respiratory epithelium
To treat patients by administering a combination of drugs and drugs
It is in. Still another object of the present invention is to provide various drugs and liposome.
The combination of the sosomes can be administered to various diseases to
It can be treated effectively. Other, yet another
Objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention
And are shown throughout the application. [0007] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As noted above, the present invention is directed to small particle aerosols.
Liposomes and combinations of liposomes and drugs,
Generating these aerosols, methods, and
It relates to a method of treating a patient by using them.
The term “small particle aerosol” used here refers to one
In a Lloyd system, the continuous phase is a gas and the particles
Most are aerodynamic mass median diameters less than 5 microns in diameter
Is defined as one micron to three microns
You. A liposome / drug pair used before the present invention
In combination, the particle size is 1 micron (diameter) or less.
Non-homogeneous from 10 to 10 microns
Relatively large doses were administered orally or intravenously. This
If you administer a large amount such as
Medium concentrations can potentially be toxic
However, the concentration of the drug is low in respiratory epithelial tissue. This
Liposomes of heterogeneous size, such as
Combined particle of drug and liposome
Air without compromising the efficacy of the combination
Zole nebulizer facilitates more uniform small particles
What can be changed is naturally conceivable. Advantageous here
What is important is that when administered by inhalation,
And the combination of liposomes and drugs
Epithelial tissue is reached at high concentrations and this drug is taken orally
And The advantage here is to administer by inhalation
Sometimes small particle liposomes and liposome-drug combinations
The combination reaches the respiratory epithelium at a high concentration and this
If the drug was given orally or intravenously at high concentrations
Gradually, without the harmful high levels you see
It will be absorbed into the blood,
Gives unreachable high concentrations of drug to respiratory epithelium
Can be obtained. As mentioned earlier, this
The advantage of having exactly the same particle size is
Due to the small particle size and low sedimentation velocity, these
When small particles are inhaled, a significant portion is located deep in the respiratory tract.
Drugs reach certain parts of the respiratory tract without reaching and experiencing penetration
To reach an object or to reach a drug through the cell.
Can be reached. Table 1 below
Administered in the form of an aerosol as small liposomes
Examples of water and fat-soluble drugs obtained
Things. [0008] [Table 1][0009]Liposome preparation  Liposomes and liposomes
The drug / medicine combination should be prepared by an appropriate method.
Can be. For example, its preparation is described in American Lab. P.125
−135, October 1985, U.S.A. S. Patent No. 4,370,349. E
vans et al., January 25, 1983, these references
Suitable for the preparation of the liposomes used in the invention
Are various (hydrophilic, hydrophobic) amphoteric lipids
Have been. Lipids suitable for liposome preparation referred to here
Is a phospholipid, for example, egg yellow,
Alternatively, natural lecithin obtained from soybeans, bovine brain
Or sphingomyeeri obtained as synthetic lecithin
Another example is Myristoyl Phosphate
Lucolin, Palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine,
Or stearoyl phosphatidylcholine,
Or unsaturated synthetic lecithin or, as another example,
Rail phosphatidylcholine or Perinolay
Le phosphatidylcholine. Single phosphorus
Use lipids or some phospholipids in combination
You may. Sterols such as cholesterol or
Uses ergosterol, etc. for the stability of the liposome bilayer
To increase, plus or minus
Charged lipids, such as phosphatidylethanol
Amine, bovine brain ganglioside, or phosphatid
Penic acid is added to the liposome to provide the appropriate charge.
Alternatively, it may be added to increase the volume of the water component.
To increase or decrease the flow of liposomes
To increase or reduce penetration
The lipids may be mixed in various proportions to make it better. Lipo
Sosomes can be prepared in various ways. The way
Usually contains phospholipids or a mixture of lipids in a suitable container
Dispersed in water, for example, ether, chloroform or
Can remove organic solvents such as tertiary butanol, e.g.
Rotary evaporation in the air or commercial
By freeze-drying
And Lipid membranes made in this way or dried
Lipid powder, for example, distilled water, isotonic saline, or
Form liposome particles in aqueous solvents such as buffered solutions
Because For example, phosphatidylcholine is distilled again.
Dissolve in grade butanol and place in bottle. Like this
Freeze the obtained solution and use a commercially available freeze dryer under reduced pressure.
Remove the solvent. Contains no sterile pyrogens
Add distilled water to the lyophilized powder and add beads to disperse the powder.
Shake well. Milk like this obtained
The suspension is examined under a microscope.
Liposomes composed of heterogeneous particles from 10 to 10 microns
To see if it contains Any bioactive substance,
It can be incorporated into such liposomes. That
Such compounds are associated with the lipid portion of the liposome
Or the residue is dissolved in a water-soluble compartment
Is the physical property of such a biologically active compound.
Is determined by the scientific and scientific nature. here
To prepare the liposome / drug combinations shown in
The method used is specified as specified in the present invention.
If not the way liposomes can result
It is considered that any method may be used. Conclusive
Use the following three types of liposome preparation methods
It will be. Chemical properties of a wide range of bioactive substances
These physiologically active substances, regardless of their quality or physical properties
Can be incorporated into liposomes, and as such
The resulting liposomes are aerosolized by small particles.
This example illustrates that the drug can be administered. [0010]Method IIs fat-soluble or binds to lipids
Used to incorporate bioactive substances into liposomes
Is the way. For example, egg yolk lecithin (phosphatidulco)
Phosphorus) or similar phosphor dissolved in an organic solvent
For lipids (phospholipids) in a suitable flask or vial
Put in. The desired fat-soluble compound is added to this,
Solution and use a commercially available freeze dryer to remove the solvent.
except. The liposomes are suitable aqueous solvents such as
Add bacteria-distilled water, isotonic saline, or buffer, and replace the container.
Formed on vigorous shaking. For preparing liposomes
If phospholipids or mixtures of phospholipids are used for
Increase or decrease the fat solubility of the active substance, as you like
And the interaction of such compounds with phospholipids
Chloroform, normal butano to enhance the use
Organic solvents such as alcohol, tertiary butanol or pyridine
A medium may be used. Each of the specific compounds
Preparing liposomes under special conditions due to their properties
May be. [0011]Method IILiposomal water-soluble bioactive substance
This is the method used when incorporating into a game. For example,
Egg yolk lecithin dissolved in redistilled tertiary butanol
Place in a suitable flask or bottle. Done in this way
Freeze the solution and remove the solvent using a commercial freeze dryer.
You. Compounds incorporated into liposomes are combined with aqueous solvents
In addition to this dry powder, to disperse the dry powder
Shake the container vigorously to form liposomes. this
Under conditions, the amount of water-soluble compound incorporated is 4-5%
Seems to have sterols and / or charge
Liposomes are effectively incorporated into liposomes
The amount of compound added can be increased to about 30%.
Wear. Dry matter remaining in the medium outside the liposome in free form
Dry matter can be separated and removed by various methods. example
For centrifugation, molecular sieve chromatography or dialysis
Therefore. Remains without being taken up by such liposomes
Whether it is better to remove the substances
The purpose of medical treatment using liposomes,
Good dose, and already taken up in liposomes
Is determined by the amount of material used. [0012]Method IIIIs biological regardless of solubility properties
The method used to incorporate active substances into liposomes
is there. In this method, the compound is covalently attached to the lipid
As a result, lipid residues are incorporated into liposomes,
The compound will be anchored in the liposome bilayer.
You. For this purpose, phosphatidyl etano
Amines and palmitic acid are used.
Various other lipids may be used in the method. in this way,
Both compounds and lipids can combine to form derivatives.
You. An example of such a material is the N-Ha of palmitic acid.
Idoxysuccinimide, N-succinylphospha
Thiolethanolamine, or alternatively NN '
-ヂ Dehydration condensation such as cyclohexylcarbodiimide
With phosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of an agent
Mix and react in a suitable solvent. Gain in this way
Derivatives of biologically active substances bound to lipids are purified and
Incorporate in the sosome. For example, there is yolk lecithin
Or similar phospholipids and appropriate amounts of lipid derivatives in one
Dissolved in an organic solvent and placed in an appropriate flask or bottle.
It is. Freeze the solution and remove the solvent with a lyophilizer
You. Then add an appropriate aqueous solvent to the dry powder and open the container.
Shaking vigorously produces liposomes. Physiologically active substance
Utilizes a variety of chemical reactions to prepare quality lipid derivatives
And may use alternative methods, as such
The obtained lipid derivative is taken up into liposomes,
The active substance is irreversibly degraded by such a reaction.
It is assumed that there is not. Also, for example, peptides, tan
Lipid derivatives of compounds like park or hormone,
Efficient liposomes when added to aqueous solvents instead of organic solvents
It is also known to be taken into the system. Liposome drug
Combination (combination) of things [0013]Example 1 One object of the present invention, and this example, is that the drug is enviro
Liposome, which is a oxime and is prepared by Method I
This is a method for preparing drug binding. Liposaw distributing outer layer drugs
Preparation of phosphatidylcholine (450 mg)
500 ml volume containing 30 ml form and 120 mg enviloxime
Add the solution to the flask. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the fat
The drug substance mixture is dissolved in 60 ml of tertiary butanol. solution
And the solvent is removed with a commercial lyophilizer. Dry residue
Add 30 ml of sterilized distilled water to the residue and shake vigorously with an instrument.
Prepare liposomes. Lipo prepared by such a method
The somes are examined under a microscope and the size is 1 micron in diameter.
Non-homogeneous from less than RON to 10 microns
I understood. These liposomes are used as a small particle aerosol generator
Put in. This generator is used to generate small particles
Collison nebulizer is used. In the nebulizer
During the passage, the liposome particles become smaller and their
Therefore, the diameter of liposome particles is almost 1 micron or less.
And may be less than 0.1 micron in diameter. Enbi
When administering particles containing roxime liposomes to patients
The size of the administered particles depends on how the aerosol generator operates.
Controlled by Most of these particles are directly
Aerodynamic median diameter of 1 to 3 microns with a diameter of 5 microns or less
It was in the range of Klong. Liposome particle size
What aerosol nebulizer can be as small as
May be used, and many are commercially available.
ing. For example, the Puritan nebula shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
Isers are liposomes or liposome drug combinations.
If this is placed in the storage container of this nebulizer,
Can be used for the purpose of Therefore neb
I don't need to go any further about the riser
Seem. Fig. 3 shows a photograph of liposomes containing enviroxime.
True, when the liposome was first made,
Child size from 0.7 micron diameter to 0.03 micron or less
Shown to be very heterogeneous, up to
ing. Through a small particle aerosol generator (SPAG)
As a result, the liposome becomes uniform in size, and FIG.
And as shown in Figure 5, 0.35 microns in diameter for large particles
It became the following. FIG. 6 shows the liposomes shown in FIGS.
This is an enlarged view of the chromosome particles,
After being ejected from a small particle aerosol generator,
It can be seen that the liposome has a layer structure.
Enviroxime is tested against all nasal viruses.
Imidazole derivative that shows a strong effect as far as it is used
It is. Its inhibitory concentration is usually between 0.3 and 0.9 μg / ml.
You. The largest enviroxime that cells in the medium can survive
The concentration is between 4 and 100 μg / ml and the therapeutic finger in the range of 50-100
Indicates a number. Enviroxime, poliovirus, echo
Effective against viruses and Koksatsky virus
It is. The drug was discovered by Eli Lilly
It is. Enviroxime is poorly soluble in water (1
２2 μg / ml). Therefore, when used for treatment as a pharmaceutical
Problem. The drawback is Enviroxime (1-8mg
/ ml) and phosphatidylcholine (15mg / ml)
Liposomes in small particles that can be administered as an azole
The problem was solved by preparing the system. In this way,
A dose of 6-12 mg / hour is injected into the respiratory tract as small particles.
Can now be given. 1 hour to 4 times a day
Satisfactory results can be obtained with a dosing time of hours. Ordinary body
Table 2 shows the daily dose for rated adults (weight 70 kg).
You. [0014] [Table 2] As can be seen from Table 2, the investment shown here is
The dosage is practically less than 1 mg / kg / day. The following is a summary
Based on tolerability studies in the indicated animals, no
No unwanted side effects even at twice the dose
Was. [0016]Tolerability experiments in animals: pharmacokinetics Effects on muscle in vitro; from many organs in rats
Test with the obtained muscle, Enviroxime 10 ~^FiveOr 10 ~⁸Mo
Was performed using a In this amount, the adrenaline receptor
Ter, histamine receptor, prostaglandin
Activates E2 receptor and many other biological receptors
It did not become sexual. Similar to potassium chloride
Non-antagonistic antagonism of dose-response curves
Was. Effect on electrolytes; dose of 25 mg / kg or more
In rats, polyuria was significantly observed. This polyuria is in serum
Happened because potassium, not sodium, increased
It is a thing. Effect in mice; test at 50 mg / kg orally
No effect was found. Larger dose
At 100-400 mg / kg, leg weakness, decreased motility, walking
There were obstacles. The effect given at high dose is fast,
Expressed within minutes. In addition to oral administration
In some tests, commonly used amounts up to 100 mg / kg
So the mouse endured well. What I was particularly interested in
Enviroxime is completely immune to mouse primary antibody response
It did not show an epidemic control effect. Effects on cats and dogs; for cats, cardiovascular system
Did not have a significant effect on One intravenously
3 and 10 mg / kg administered to dogs, gradually expanding
The systolic blood pressure was seen to decrease. Inject the above dose intravenously
When given, the concentration of enviroxime in plasma was 3.0, 8.9.
And 19 μg / ml. Bioassay (anti-will
Activity) and blood biochemical analysis show similar results.
Was. In the above study along with other studies,
The results of this study showed sufficient safety. [0017]Example 2 In this example of the invention, the liposomal drug prepared by Method II
The drug used for conjugation is ribavirin. Contains ribavirin
To prepare liposomes, yolk phosphatidylcholine
Place 450 mg of phosphorus in a 500 ml round bottom flask, and remove the organic solvent.
Removed in vacuo. 30 ml aqueous solvent (sterile phosphate buffered)
Ribavirin (600 mg) in saline)
Was prepared by mechanical shaking. In this example, the ribavirin
Although the posome particle size was heterogeneous, Collison
Ribavirin / liposome particles
The size of the child is as small as that seen in Example 1.
Was. [0018]Example 3 In this embodiment of the invention, method III, methotrexate,
It is a liposome drug-bound drug (Hashimoto, K., Loa
der, J .; E., and Kinsky, S .; C., 1985, Methotre
Quisate / Myristoyl phosphatidylethanol
Amine derivatives and glycerophosphorylethanol
Synthesis and properties of amine homologs, Biochim. Biophy. A
cta816: 163-168; Hashimoto, K., Loader, J .; E., K
night, M. S., and Kinsky, S .; C., 1985, Liposo
Methotrexate / Myristoyl
Phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives and glycerov
Of cell proliferation by phosphorylethanolamine homologs
Inhibition, inhibition of ヂ hydrofolate reductase activity, Biochi
m. Biophys. Acta816: 169-178). Methotrexate
(40 μmol) mixed with chloroform: methanol 1: 1 (vol)
0.8 ml of compound (hereinafter abbreviated as C / M) (triethylamine 24
0 μmol). The following are sequentially added to this solution:
Add with stirring; pumi dissolved in 5.6 ml of 4M
Ristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (120 μm
ol), N-hydroxysuccinyl dissolved in 0.8 ml of C / M
Amide (200 μmol), N, N′- dissolved in 0.8 ml of C / M
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (200 μmol). This mix
After leaving the mixture at room temperature for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was
Dry by rotary evaporator under reduced pressure
The solvent was evaporated until the residue was redissolved in 2 ml C / M.
Was. Methotrexate phosphatidylethanol
Chromatographic separation of the amine derivatives
Eight thin-layer chromatographic plates for analysis (silica gel, 250 μl each)
60F-254, 0.25mm, Brinkmann Instruments, Inc., We
stbury, New York). This thin
Layer plate is chloroform / methanol / water (65: 30: 5 volume)
Was developed using this solvent system. 4 yellow bands after deployment
(I-IV), which is also an acidic molybdate reagent
(Applied Science, Deerfield, Illinois)
And phosphorous. Of these yellow bands
Rf values are about 0.18 (I), 0.28 (II), 0.39 (III) and 0.49
(IV). On the other hand, unreacted
Rf of methotrexate was 0.06. Band I
Although it had full bioactivity,
It was then suspended in 5 ml of methanol. Centrifuge
(750 × g for 10 minutes, 4 ° C) and collect the yellow supernatant
Then, the pellet of silica gel particles is again mixed with 5 ml of methanol.
Extracted. Add 10 ml of chloroform to the collected supernatant.
This solution was applied to a 1 × 20 cm Unisil column (Clarkson C
chemical Co., Williamsport, Pennsylvania.)
mm. Unisil is often thoroughly chloro
Pre-wash with Holm and C / M. this
The yellow compound (hereinafter referred to as MTX-CMPE) contains 20 ml of C /
M. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was 5 ml
And stored at -20 ° C. This dried lipid
From the membrane [in this membrane, georail-phosphatidylco
Phosphorus (DOPC), cholesterol and dicetyl li
Acid in a molar ratio of 2: 1.5: 0.2]
Was. This membrane has a 2.5 mol%
Some contain MTX / DMPE. This lipid
Membrane was used to make a 10 mM liposome (DOPC) suspension.
Vortex in a well-balanced salt solution to
And shake-dispersed. Phosphorus and method in MTX-DMPEI
The ratio of totrexate is 1. Therefore this derivative
Of methotrexate in liposomes made with liposomes
The density is 2.5 mol% methotrexate. Yet another N
Examples of o.4 to No.23 are described in Table 3.
However, among them, a better method for preparing liposomes, eazo
The concentration of this drug in the storage bin and the time specified
The amount of drug administered from the aerosol in the table is shown in this table.
Have been. The amount of drug administered may be oral or
Approximately one dose of drug administered by parenteral route
It is. [0019] [Table 3] [0020] One or more drugs may also be used in small particle liposome
It can be used by incorporating it into an azole. [0021] Advantageously, liposome drug combinations
When small particle aerosol administration therapy is performed using combination
Moderate concentration of drug deposited in respiratory tract with liposomes
Treatment of infectious diseases and local respiratory infections
can do. In the case of viral infection, infection is respiratory
Limited to epithelial cells. For bacteria or fungi,
This infection contains inflammatory exudates and can cause alveolar and lung emptying.
The infection extends to the alveoli, tissues of various places in the lungs. air
Zolated liposome drugs also deposit on these sites
can do. Primary or secondary lung tumor site
In this case, the tumor site is
It can be a wearing site. For asthma, aerosolized liposome
Somes, bronchodilators are effective on the bronchi for quite a long time
Deposits a concentration of the drug and produces the greatest therapeutic effect
it is conceivable that. Drugs, hormones,
Aerosolized liposomal drug
It is possible that systemic absorption occurs after administration.
The absorption rate is constant and the concentration in plasma does not increase,
Therefore, it can avoid the potential toxicity of potential drugs
And the therapeutic effect lasts longer. Aerosolized
Liposomes alone, drowned human lungs, chemical inhalation
Poisons and pulmonary surfactants not yet available
Because it can be replaced with natural surfactant of infants
Useful. Influenza and other vaccines by hand
Directly immunologically active as a small particle aerosol liposome
Local protective immunity by attaching to cells in the sexual lung
A reaction can be exerted. This allows humoral antibodies
Production is also stimulated. Something like amphotericin B
Incorporate some highly toxic drugs into liposomes,
When administered in the form of a sol, it is absorbed into the cells of the respiratory tract
And the effects of such highly toxic drugs are impaired.
Toxicity can be reduced without the For localized enzymes
Therefore, polypeptides and oligos
Nucleotides, enzymes and other compounds are also
Small particles of air
Incorporation into activated liposomes enhances these therapeutic effects
Can be done. In this way, to facilitate explanation,
To illustrate, some specific examples include small particle liposomes and
I've talked about liposome drug combinations,
The method found in the invention is for all drugs and drug combinations
Is incorporated into small liposome aerosol particles
Is very effective in treating various diseases.
Can be used. Also, as mentioned earlier, small grains
The dosage of the child liposome drug combination depends on the type of drug,
It depends greatly on the duration of treatment and other factors.
For this reason, the present invention has been developed to achieve the purpose.
And its advantages and features are
It is included in the invention. The advantageous here
The shape, use, and treatment of various diseases will depend on the purpose of the application.
It is a coincidence that changes and modifies this method to treat disease.
Goodness depends on the spirit of the invention as defined in the claims.
It is to be forgiven in God's view.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a commercially available nebulizer, and is an explanatory diagram of a model number No. 1920 of a Puritan Bennelt nebulizer. FIG. 2 shows a commercially available nebulizer, and is an explanatory diagram of a model number No. 1917 of a Puritan Bennelt nebulizer. FIG. 3 is an enlarged photograph of the liposomes in the aerosol storage bottle at the start of operation of the aerosol generator. FIG. 4 is the same as FIG. 2, but after 60 minutes from the start of the operation. FIG. 5: All Glass Impinger 15 minutes after starting operation
(AGI) is an enlarged photograph of an aerosol sample (same magnification) collected in (AGI). FIG. 6 is a further enlarged view of the sample of FIG. 4, showing that the structure of the liposome has not changed due to the generation of small particles.

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Brian E. Gilbert United States 77096 Texas, Houston, Jason 5171 (72) Inventor Samuel Zee. Wilson United States 77035 Texas, Houston, Briarbend 4326 (72) Inventor Howard Earl. Sixty United States 77084 Texas, Houston, Calembes 5138 (72) Inventor Philipp Earl. Wide United States 77096 Texas, Houston, Braywick 11002 (56) Reference JP-A-60-89414 (JP, A) JP-A-61-200849 (JP, A) International Publication 86/1714 (WO, A1) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A61K 9/127 A61K 9/12 A61K 9/72

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Spray with a nebulizer to contain air or oxygen.
Aerosol containing small aqueous particles in concentrated air
A method for producing aerosol small particles, wherein the aqueous small particles
The child has a diameter of mostly 1-5 microns and its air
The mechanical mass center diameter is 1 to 3 microns,
Small particles include liposome particles, wherein the liposome particles
A multi-layered liposome with multiple aqueous compartments.
The liposome particles have a substantially large particle size of 1 micron or less.
Uniform in size, one or more lipophilic drugs or
Is the lipophilic particle of the lipophilic derivative of the water-soluble drug.
And one or more drugs bind to the aqueous
A method for producing small aqueous aerosol particles dissolved in a small chamber . 2. Drugs are anti-asthmatic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-fungal, anti-hypertensive, antibiotic, anti-diabetic, anti-histamine, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, cardiac glycoside, hormones, immunotherapy, anti-hypotension Drugs, steroids, sedatives, analgesics, tranquilizers, vaccines and cell surface receptors
2. The method for producing small aqueous aerosol particles according to claim 1, which is a drug selected from the group consisting of blockers. 3. One or more lipophilic drugs in an aqueous medium or
A lipophilic derivative of a water-soluble drug binds to the membrane;
Or more liposomes with more drug dissolved in the aqueous compartment
The method of claim 1 including the step of placing in an aerosol storage container with an aqueous medium and aerosolizing with air or oxygen-enriched air. 4. Drugs are anti-asthmatic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-fungal, anti-hypertensive, antibiotic, anti-diabetic, anti-histamine, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, cardiac glycoside, hormones, immunotherapy, anti-hypotension Drugs, steroids, sedatives, analgesics, tranquilizers, vaccines and cell surface receptors
4. The method according to claim 3, which is a drug selected from the group consisting of blockers. 5. Multilayer lipo with multiple aqueous compartments in aqueous medium
Aqueous solution containing an aerosol storage container containing
An apparatus for producing small aerosol particles, wherein the liposome particles are
One or more lipophilic or water-soluble drugs on the membrane
The lipophilic derivative of the substance binds and the liposome
One or more drugs dissolved in the aqueous compartment of the particles
The aerosol storage container transfers liquids to air or air.
Is aerosol as a fluid by air containing a lot of oxygen
Combined with the aerosol generating means that generates the
The raw means is to make liposome particles uniform to a particle size of 1 micron or less.
Aqueous Aerosol small particle manufacturing apparatus is of.