JP3222838B2 - Fully automatic washing machine and fully automatic washing and drying machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine, and more particularly to a drive system for driving a pulsator or a basket by using a variable frequency control device comprising a vector control inverter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional apparatus is a washing machine driven by a brushless AC motor, and the latter is a three-phase AC motor, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-155894 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-9040. This is a washing machine drive system characterized by variable speed control that can be set to an arbitrary rotation speed via a frequency conversion device.In each case, the drive motor gear is controlled by controlling the motor rotation speed with a frequency variable device such as an inverter. Switching is not required.

[0003] However, in the case where at least the washing, dehydration and other steps such as washing, dehydration and drying are performed by a single washing machine, the rotation speed range of the driving motor is wide, so that the conventional V-type motor is used. In / F (voltage / frequency) constant control, the frequency control range of the inverter is widened. As a result, there is a difference in the relationship between the motor voltage and the current in each step. That is, the rotation speed of the motor is the lowest in the drying process, the washing process is the next, and the spinning speed is the highest in the spinning process. For this reason, the rotation speed in the dehydration step is 4 to 6 times larger than the motor rotation speed in the washing step, and the rotation speed difference between the motor rotation speed in the drying step and the rotation speed in the dehydration step is further larger.
There is a 4-16 fold difference.

[0004] For this reason, when gear switching is not performed by one motor, a large difference occurs between the applied voltage and the current value of the motor in each step, and the drive motor becomes large, which is a problem. That is, in the V / F constant control inverter, the frequency increases at the same time as the frequency increases at the high speed rotation, and the voltage decreases at the same time as the frequency decreases at the low speed rotation. There was.

[0005]

The prior art described above uses a brushless motor as a drive motor or a three-phase induction motor as V /
When driving with an F constant control inverter, the rotation of the pulsator or basket during washing, dehydration or drying is not performed by using a speed reducer such as a gear or pulley that can change the reduction ratio, and the rotation speed range is wide. The difference between the required input voltage and current value became large, and it was difficult to reduce the size of the motor.

An object of the present invention is to perform washing or washing and drying by vector control using a vector control inverter so that the motor speed, voltage, and current in each step of washing, dehydration, drying, etc., are almost the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-performance fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine that operates at a rotation speed of less than the rotation speed and performs the field weakening operation by setting only the dehydration process to the maximum rotation speed.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A fully automatic washing machine according to the present invention comprises a washing and dewatering process, and is provided with a three-phase motor in which a variable frequency control device is constituted by a vector control inverter. It is characterized in that field weakening control is performed during dehydration rather than during washing to control the number of revolutions of the motor .

A fully automatic washing and drying machine according to the present invention is a fully automatic washing and drying machine having a three-phase motor comprising a washing, dehydrating and drying step, and a variable frequency control device comprising a vector control inverter. It is characterized in that field weakening control is performed at the time of dehydration rather than at the time of washing and drying to control the rotation speed of the motor .

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment of the drawings. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a fully automatic washing and drying machine, FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an internal structure viewed from a right side, FIG. 2 is a basic configuration diagram when driven by a vector control inverter, and FIG. Internal structure explanatory diagram viewed from the back,
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the internal structure in a state where a portion different from FIG. 1 is viewed from the right side.

In the figure, a rotating base 4 is supported in a box-shaped outer frame 1 made of a steel plate by a suspension rod 2 and a vibration-proof spring 3 in a vibration-proof manner. The rotation base 4 is rotatably attached to the outer tub 6. The rotation beam 5 is connected to the rotation base 4
Similarly to the above, one end is rotatably attached to the outer tub 6, and the other end of the rotating beam 5 is attached to a rotating motor mechanism described later. Inside the outer tub 6, there is provided a basket 7 having a substantially circular cross section and also serving as a washing tub, a dewatering tub and a drying drum. A balance ring 8 is attached to the upper end of the basket 7 by means such as ultrasonic welding. The inner wall of the basket 7 is provided with a plurality of vertical rib-shaped lifters 7a for scraping up the cloth when the basket 7 is tilted and dried, and is provided with a number of vertical grooves 7b. A number of dehydration holes 7c are provided in the vertical groove 7b. In the center of the inner bottom of the basket 7, there is provided a recess 7d in which the pulsator 9 is rotatably mounted. A tub cover 10 is fixed to the upper end of the outer tub 6 to prevent the laundry from dropping between the outer tub 6 and the basket 7. A drain valve 11 is attached to the outer bottom of the outer tub 6.

The rotary drive unit 12 is a base 13 made of a steel plate.
Attached to. The base 13 is formed in a substantially box shape, and is fixed to the outer tub 7 by means such as screws.

One end of the internal drainage hose 15 is connected to the drainage valve 11, and the other end is opened on a base 16 provided below the outer frame 1. The base 16 has a plurality of feet 16a, a holding portion 16b of the outer frame 1, a water receiving portion 16
c, and a drain port 16d. The water receiving section 16c
The structure is inclined toward the center, and the water discharged from the drain hose 15 is discharged from the drain port 16d.
The water from the drain port 16d is supplied to the external drain hose 20
Is discharged to the outside through

In the case of a fully automatic washing machine, washing and dehydration,
In the case of a fully automatic washing and drying machine, there are washing, dewatering, and drying steps. For washing, the pulsator 9 is rotated, and for dehydration and drying, the basket 7 is rotated. The driving of the basket 7 and the pulsator 9 is performed by switching the driving of either the basket 7 or the pulsator 9 by a clutch device 19b from a motor output shaft via a reduction gear 19a having a constant reduction ratio composed of a pulley or a gear. These are used as the rotary drive device 12.

The motor 17 is constituted by a three-phase induction motor and employs a winding type or a cage type induction motor, but a squirrel cage type induction motor is desirable.

The variable frequency control device 18 for driving the motor 17 is constituted by a vector control inverter, and there are a system in which a speed sensor is provided in the motor 17 and a system in which no speed sensor is provided. FIG. 2 shows a speed sensorless vector control inverter because it is desirable.

In this construction, the clutch 19b is directly connected to the pulsator 9 in the washing step, and the basket 7 is directly connected to the dewatering step and the drying step in the dehydrating step and the variable frequency control device 18 comprising a vector control inverter to the motor 17 via the reduction gear 19a. And the frequency is set so that the rotation speed becomes suitable for each process.

A rotary drive unit 12 comprising a motor 17, a reduction gear 19a and a clutch 19b is mounted on the bottom of the outer tub 6 via a base 13.

A rotation arm 22 is attached to the output shaft of the rotation motor 21. One end of the rotation beam 5 is rotatably attached to the rotation arm 22. A shaft base 23 is provided in the outer tank 6 by means such as screws, and a part of the shaft base 23 is extended to form a beam receiver 24.
Are formed. The other end of the rotating beam 5 is rotatably supported by a locking portion 25 of the beam receiver 24. The outer tank shaft 26 is attached to the shaft base 23, and the outer tank shaft 26 is rotatably supported by a bearing 27 of the rotating base 4. The switch lever 40 is provided integrally with the outer tank shaft 26, and the switch lever 40 includes a micro switch (H) 41 and a micro switch (V) 42.
It is attached so as to engage with.

The duct 44 is for circulating hot air during the drying process, and one end thereof is connected to the exhaust portion 6b of the outer tank 6.
The other end is air-tightly connected to the air inlet 45a of the blower 45. The central inner diameter portion 44a of the duct 44 is
The height is set higher than the upper end portion 47 of the overflow port 46 for water rinsing provided integrally with the blower 45 so that the washing water does not enter the inside of the blower 45.

A nozzle 50 is installed inside the duct 44, and water introduced through a hose 49 is sprayed into the duct 44. That is, during the drying process, the hot air in the basket 7 is introduced into the duct 44 to prevent the air containing moisture from the clothes from circulating.
Water is injected into the hot air passing through the inside 4 to condense and collect the moisture in the hot air. One end of the blower guide 52 is connected to the blower 45.
And the other end is connected to a heating unit 51. Further, the heating unit 51 has an exhaust port 53 in the tank.

In the above arrangement, the washing process of washing, rinsing and dehydrating is performed with the outer tub 6 and the basket 7 upright. Note that this position detection is performed by the switch lever 4.
0 is engaged with the microswitch (V) 42.

The washing process of washing and rinsing is performed by a speed reducer.
The pulsator 9 is directly connected to the clutch 19b via the clutch 19b, and is operated with a large exciting current component at the base rotational speed. Further, the drying process is operated at a rotation speed lower than the base rotation speed of the washing process, but is operated in a state where the exciting current component is large by the vector control similarly to the washing process. However, in the drying step, the basket 7 is directly connected by the operation of the clutch 19b.

Next, the drying step is started. In this drying step, the basket 7 is inclined to a substantially horizontal position as in the case of a normal drum dryer. That is, this operation is performed by rotating the rotating arm 22 by the rotating motor 21 and rotating the beam 5 which is an element of a so-called link mechanism.
This is done by moving. The detection of the rotation angle is performed when the switch lever 40 is engaged with the micro switch (H) 41. When the predetermined drying step is performed, the outer tub 6 and the basket 7 are returned to the upright position by the reverse operation.

Here, the relationship between the required torque and the number of rotations of the motor 17 for rotating the pulsator 9 and the basket 7 necessary for the washing, dewatering and drying steps will be described in detail.

First, at the time of washing or rinsing, the pulsator 9 is inverted at a short period of about 120 rpm. In addition,
According to experiments, the torque required to rotate the pulsator 9 in this case depends on the type of clothing, but can be up to about 20.
0 kgcm. At the time of dehydration, put the basket 7 on about 90
High-speed unidirectional rotation at 0 rpm.

According to the experiment, the torque required to maintain the steady rotation of the basket 7 in this case is a small value of about 15 kgcm at maximum. The reason for this is that the force that hinders the rotation of the basket 7 is a transmission loss of the driving device 12 and is mainly a deviation of the shaft center and a rotation loss of the bearing portion. Become.

At the time of drying, the basket 7 is set at about 55 rpm.
Rotate with. Although the load decreases as the drying process proceeds, according to the experiment, the basket 7 in this case is not used.
The torque required to maintain the steady rotation of the
00 kgcm.

Summarizing the above, the rotational power required for this dryer is as shown in Table 1.

[0029]

[Table 1]

However, as an appropriate power for such variously changing rotational speeds and torques, there is an AC type inverter motor which has been rapidly spread in recent years.

Conventionally, when a motor is driven by an inverter, a variable frequency can be set, so that an arbitrary number of revolutions can be set. Therefore, a method in which a motor shaft output is directly connected to a load without changing a reduction ratio of a reduction gear is used. A method of washing, dehydrating and drying at a reduction ratio has been applied. However, the reduction ratio of this reduction gear is constant (for example, the gear ratio ε = 1/1
0), the required characteristics of the motor shown in Table 2 are obtained. Table 2
The required output P (W) of the middle motor is the rotation speed N (rp) in Table 1.
m) and the required torque τ (kg-m) are obtained from the following equation.

P = 1.027 · τ · N Table 2 shows the torque with respect to the required rotation speed when the induction motor is driven by the brushless motor or the V / F constant control inverter, the output at that time, and the output for outputting the output. 3 shows the relationship between motor voltage and current. The motor voltages and currents are shown as roughly calculated values assuming that the motor efficiency is 100%.

[0033]

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, when the reduction ratio is constant, V / F
If the motor voltage in the dehydration process with the highest number of rotations is set to the maximum of 200 V by the constant control inverter, the washing process has
At 6.6V, the current increases to 9.3A. In the drying step, the motor voltage is as low as 12.2 V, but the current is 4.2.
This is a relatively large value of 6A. In other words, the motor current greatly differs in each step, and the motor must be designed to withstand the motor current of 9.3 A in the washing step from the viewpoint of the motor design, and the motor becomes large.

On the other hand, in the present invention, Table 3 shows an example in which the required motor rotation speed of 1200 rpm in the washing step is set to the base rotation speed. In this table, it is assumed that the reduction gear ratio of the reduction gear transmission 19a is set to 1/10.

[0036]

[Table 3]

As can be seen from Table 3, when the motor speed for washing is the base speed, the rated voltage is obtained at 1200 rpm, and the voltage at this time is 200 V, so that the current is 1.23 A. At the time of dehydration, the voltage is maintained at the rated voltage of 200 V because the field weakening control is performed since the rotation speed is 9000 rpm.

For this reason, the field current component is controlled so as to decrease as the frequency increases to increase the rotation speed.
Actually, setting 1200 rpm to the base rotation speed and setting the maximum rotation speed to 9000 rpm has a wide field control range.
Actually, it is considered that the base rotation speed is set to a slightly higher rotation speed.

On the other hand, in the drying step, since the rotation speed is lower than the base rotation speed, the voltage is also reduced in proportion to the base rotation speed to 92 V, and the current becomes 0.61 A. In contrast to Table 2, as shown in Table 3, the variable frequency control device 18 is configured as a vector control inverter capable of performing the strong field control and the weak field control.
As a result of reducing the difference between the motor current values in each step, the motor size can be reduced, and the size and weight of the motor can be reduced.

FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which the variable frequency controller 18 as a vector control inverter and the motor 17 are three-phase induction motors. Single phase 100V power supply 1 for home
In the case of 00, the smoothing capacitor 1 is connected via the voltage doubler rectifier diodes 102a and 102b via the power factor improving circuit 101.
03a and 103b are charged. The output of the smoothing capacitor is an IGBT (Insulated G) as a high-frequency switching element.
The power is supplied to the motor 17 via an inverter circuit composed of ate bipolar transistors (106a to 106c ').

The power supply is not single-phase 100 V but 200
Of course, V may be used, and in this case, it is not necessary to use a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.

Semiconductor switching elements 106a to 106
The IGBT is applied as c '. This is because, in the case of an induction motor, since the air gap is small, the PWM chopper frequency of the inverter is increased to 16 kHz or more so that noise within an audible frequency is not generated. .

In particular, since the outer tub of a washing machine and a washing / drying machine has a shape like a speaker, the noise source must be minimized.

The voltage applied to the smoothing capacitors 103a and 103b when the single-phase power supply is rectified is affected by the size of the capacitor, but the DC voltage pulsates.

However, since the pulsation of the DC voltage is a problem in the vector control inverter, the pulsation of the DC
When the DC voltage is high, the pulse width of the pulse width modulation signal of the WM inverter is set such that the inverter output voltage is reduced.
In the opposite case, a DC pulsation voltage compensating circuit 105 for changing the reverse and outputting a signal for compensating the DC pulsating voltage is provided.
To enter. The drive control circuit of the vector control uses the signal from the speed command circuit 111 for sequentially instructing the washing process, the signal of the DC current detection circuit 104, and the signal from the two-phase current detection circuit 107 by the vector control to form an IGBT 106a that constitutes an inverter. To 106c '.

[0046]

According to the present invention, when the motor is driven by a variable frequency control device of a vector control inverter for a fully automatic washing machine and a fully automatic washing and drying machine ,
By controlling the exciting current components corresponding to the strong field control and the weak field control, the washing and drying processes
The dehydration process will reduce the exciting current component.
If the motor current is significantly different in each process
By avoiding this, the values of the voltage and current of the motor in each operation process become relatively close values, and the entire process is reduced to one.
Even when driven by a single motor, small size and light weight can be achieved.

Further, since the operation is performed by the variable frequency control device which is a vector control inverter, a high torque can be continuously obtained from a low speed rotation, and a high speed rotation can be arbitrarily set, so that it is possible to realize a comfortable washing. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the internal structure of a fully automatic washing and drying machine according to an embodiment of the present invention in which a motor is driven by a variable frequency control device of a vector control inverter, as viewed from the right side.

FIG. 2 is a basic configuration diagram of a drive system.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an internal structure when viewed from the back.

FIG. 4 is an internal structure explanatory diagram of a state different from FIG. 1 when viewed from a right side surface.

FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram of a variable frequency control device of a vector control inverter and a motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Outer frame, 6 ... Outer tank, 7 ... Basket, 9 ... Pulsator, 12 ... Rotation drive device, 17 ... Motor, 18 ... Variable frequency control device of vector control, 19a ... Decreaser, 19
b: clutch, 105: DC pulsating voltage compensation circuit.

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Toshiaki Okuyama 4026 Kuji-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi Laboratory (72) Inventor Tsunehiro Endo 4026 Kuji-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hitachi, Ltd. 72) Inventor Noboru Fujimoto 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Miyashita 1-1-1, Higashitaga-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Taga Plant, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Etsuro Hirose 1-1-1, Higashitaga-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Taga Factory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-60-139186 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) D06F 33/02 D06F 25/00 D06F 37/40 H02P 5/408

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fully automatic washing machine comprising a three-phase motor comprising a washing and dewatering process and a variable frequency control device constituted by a vector control inverter, wherein the motor performs field weakening control during dehydration rather than during washing. A fully automatic washing machine characterized by controlling the number of revolutions of a washing machine. 2. A washing, dehydration, consists drying step, a variable frequency control to a fully automatic washing and drying machine equipped with a three-phase motor which is constituted by a vector control inverter, washing, weakened during dewatering than when dry A fully automatic washing and drying machine characterized by controlling the number of rotations of a motor by performing field control.