JP3236743B2 - Livestock milk replacer and its production method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a livestock milk substitute containing a certain amount of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol in fat and a method for producing the same. The livestock milk substitute of the present invention has good digestibility and absorbability, and is useful as a milk substitute for livestock such as calves and piglets.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, livestock such as calves and piglets in the suckling period may be fed a feed containing skim milk powder as a main component instead of or in combination with breast milk. Such feed is referred to as livestock milk substitute (also referred to as synthetic milk or artificial milk) (Hiroshi Morimoto, "Livestock Nutrition", pp. 326-328, Yokendo, 19
Published in 1985).

[0003] When nursing dairy or calf of dairy and meat breeds (F1), immediately after birth, not only colostrum but also milk and milk substitute are fed, and one week after birth, milk substitute is replaced. Will be paid. In addition, in the case of nursing piglets, artificial breeding by early weaning is becoming popular in order to improve the rate of parturition recovery and breeding of swine. By the way, the most preferred nutritional composition for the growth of livestock such as calves and piglets is breast milk, but when bred with long-term breast milk, parental exhaustion is severe, and the production cycle of parental delivery and conception is prolonged. Disadvantages occur. For this reason, we have recently attempted early weaning by using livestock milk substitute,
Increasing the production cycle of labor and conception has become common.

[0004] This milk substitute for livestock is generally made of skim milk powder, soy protein, sodium caseinate, or the like as a main material, to which fats and oils or vitamins are appropriately selected and added. The purpose is to supplement the livestock. However, young livestock have low digestive and absorptive capacity for proteins and lipids used as the main raw material of livestock milk substitute, causing problems such as growth stagnation and weight loss. Recovery is difficult, fattening performance deteriorates, and economic loss is large.

[0005] In order to solve such a problem, a milk-added preparation for calf nursing containing a casein calcium, an enzymatically degraded casein compound, a rennin-coagulating protein such as total milk protein, a fat containing a calcium compound and a highly unsaturated fatty acid. (JP-A-4-341146) citric acid was added to milk replacer containing soy protein to obtain a pH of 6.
0 or less acidified milk substitute (JP-A-63-17663),
There has been proposed a calf milk substitute composition (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-186445) containing skim milk powder, calcium gluconate, dried whey, oils and fats, saccharides, animal and plant raw materials, vitamins, minerals and the like. However, little measures have been taken to improve the digestibility of lipids, and feed for piglets using fats and oils containing medium-chain fatty acids and fats and oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-222659] has been proposed, but no solution has been found to improve the utilization of fat as an energy source.

[0006] The fatty acid composition of the fat contained in the milk of cows and pigs has the composition shown in Table 1, and the main constituent fatty acids are oleic acid and palmitic acid.

[0007]

[Table 1]

Table 1 shows Larson, BL, Smith, VR: Lactat.
ion, vol.III, pp.10-12, AcademicPress (New York and
London), 1974. Also, the types of fatty acids ^*
In the above, the number on the left represents the number of carbon atoms, and the number on the right represents the number of double bonds.

By the way, saturated fatty acids having 16 or more carbon atoms have a low melting point and hence a low digestibility. According to previous studies, palmitic acid is better absorbed at the β-position (2) of triglycerides than at α (α ') (1 or 3). However, it has been reported that β-palmitic acid monoglyceride produced in the digestion process has excellent emulsifying properties, and therefore also promotes the absorption of stearic acid bound to the α (α ′) position [Filer
et al., J. Nutrition, vol. 99, pp. 293-298 (1969)].
Human milk fat and lard are known as fats which specifically contain palmitic acid at the β-position, and it was thought that the use of lard could improve digestion and absorptivity as much as human milk fat. .

However, when the present inventors examined the digestive absorbency of lard in detail, they found that the level of digestive absorbency as known for human milk fat could not be realized. The present inventors have one of the reasons,
This was attributed to the difference in triglyceride structure between human milk and lard. In other words, lard contains at least 5% of trisaturated triglyceride, and fractionated lard (hard part) contains at least 10% of trisaturated triglyceride. I thought that was the reason why it was not possible to improve the quality. The present inventors have found that the trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid has the lowest digestibility and absorbability.

[0011]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have studied the use of triglycerides having good digestibility and absorption in livestock milk substitutes in order to improve the utilization of fats as an energy source. Then, a certain amount of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol having palmitic acid at the 2-position of triglyceride and oleic acid at the 1- and 3-positions is contained in fat in a fixed amount, and further, stearic acid is added. The present inventors have found that reducing the content of trisaturated triglycerides containing glycerol to a certain amount or less can improve the digestibility and absorbability of livestock milk substitute. Therefore, the present invention provides that the total amount of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol contained in fat is within a certain range, and the total amount of trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid contained in fat is a certain amount. An object of the present invention is to provide a livestock milk substitute having the following improved digestibility.

The present invention also relates to 2-palmitoyl-1,
By using a fat containing a fat rich in 3-dioleylglycerol, the total amount of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol contained in the fat is within a certain range, and stearic acid contained in the fat is contained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a livestock milk replacer in which the total amount of trisaturated triglycerides containing is equal to or less than a certain amount.

[0013]

According to the present invention, the total amount of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol contained in the fat of livestock milk replacer is 8 to 16% by weight, and the fat containing stearic acid is contained. The total amount of the saturated triglyceride is 2% by weight or less. In order to obtain such a fat composition, a fat prepared by appropriately blending fats and oils meeting the above conditions may be used. In particular, 2-palmitoyl-1,3- obtained by the method shown below. It is only necessary to use a fat appropriately mixed with a fat or oil rich in dioleylglycerol. This 2
-Palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol-rich fats and oils can be prepared by the following method.

In the first method (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-317392), first, pure lard is purified according to a conventional method, and then separated into a liquid fat and a solid fat. Then, the liquid fat is separated and purified according to methods generally used for separation and purification of fats and oils, such as molecular distillation, steam distillation, polymer membrane treatment, and column chromatography, to obtain 2-palmitoyl-1,3-
An oil or fat rich in dioleyl glycerol can be obtained.

The second method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-70786)
By using a lipase having 1,3-position specificity and applying a transesterification method, 2-palmitoyl-1,3-
An oil or fat rich in dioleyl glycerol can also be obtained. That is, with respect to 1 mol of tripalmitin or lard containing a large amount of palmitic acid in the 2-position, add 2 to 3 mol of oleic acid or oleic acid ester, or add triglyceride containing about the same mol of oleic acid,
Transesterification is carried out by the action of 1,3-position specific lipase. After completion of the transesterification, washing, distillation and purification are carried out according to a conventional method to give 2-palmitoyl-1,3-
An oil or fat rich in dioleyl glycerol can be obtained.

The oils and fats rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol are usually liquid at about 30 ° C., so that they can be easily blended. Normally, livestock milk substitute is prepared as a powdered product, and the fat containing the fat and oil rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol may be directly added to the powder, stirred and mixed.

The feed amount of the milk substitute for livestock of the present invention varies depending on the type of livestock and the number of weeks of age after birth.
It is preferable to feed twice a day a livestock milk substitute obtained by dissolving about 200 g to 400 g of a powder product in warm water.

Reference examples are shown below, and 2-palmitoyl-
A method for preparing a 1,3-dioleylglycerol-rich fat will be described.

[Reference Example 1] Lard was separated and treated with 2-palmitoyl-
A fat with a high 1,3-dioleylglycerol content was produced. That is, 1 kg of pure lard was stirred and dissolved in 10 l of acetone kept at 40 ° C., and then cooled to 4 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C./hour with gentle stirring and kept for 144 hours.
Then, to remove the solid part that has precipitated,
Suction filtration was performed instantaneously using a Buchner funnel of cm, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent.
709 g of triglyceride was obtained. 2-palmitoyl- contained in the lard liquid fat fraction comprising the triglyceride
The proportion of 1,3-dioleylglycerol is 26%,
Trisaturated triglycerides containing stearic acid were below the detection limit.

[0019]

Reference Example 2 1
Oleic acid was bound to the 1- and 3-positions by the action of a lipase having 3-position specificity to produce a modified palm oil having a high content of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol. That is, after adding 0.5% by weight of sodium methylate to 10 kg of palm oil and performing random transesterification at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, 9.5 kg of a reaction triglyceride was obtained according to a conventional method.
Was extracted. Next, using 1 kg of the reaction triglyceride and 4 kg of oleic acid as substrates, 0.3 kg of a lipase (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) derived from Rhizopus delmer having specificity at the 1,3-position was immobilized. hand,
The reaction was carried out in 50 l of water-saturated hexane at 40 ° C. for 7 days to obtain 630 g of an enzyme-reacted triglyceride. The proportion of 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol contained in the modified palm oil composed of this enzyme-reacted triglyceride was 51%, and the trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid was below the detection limit.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Table 2 shows an example of the composition of fat used in the milk substitute for livestock of the present invention. The lard liquid fat fraction prepared in Reference Example 1 was used as a fat and oil rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol.

[0021]

[Table 2] ───────────────────── Soybean oil 11.0 (wt%) Palm oil 4.0 Milk fat 15.0 Palm oil 13.0 Fish oil 7.0 Lard liquid fat fraction 50.0 ── ───────────────────

Table 3 shows an example of the formulation of a milk substitute for livestock (for piglets) using the fat prepared according to the example of the formulation in Table 2.

[0023]

[Table 3] ────────────────────── skim milk powder 3,500 (g) Flour 3,500 Soy protein 1,000 Formulated fat (Table 2) 300 Glucose 1,000 Fish meal 400 Vitamins and Minerals 200 Emulsifier 50 ──────────────────────

The fatty acid composition of the milk replacer of the present invention thus prepared, and 2-palmitoyl-
Table 4 shows the content of 1,3-dioleylglycerol and the content of trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid.

[0025]

[Table 4] ──────────────────────── C14: 0 6.0 (% by weight) C16: 0 19.0 C16: 1 3.0 C18: 0 7.0 C18: 1 34.0 C18: 2 13.0 C18: 3 2.0 C22: 6 1.2 Others 14.8 ──────────────────────── OPO 13.0 Trisaturated triglyceride <2.0 ──────────────────────OPO represents 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol.

[0026]

[Test Example 1] Animal experiments using rats confirmed the digestive absorption of test feeds using the fats of the formulation examples shown in Table 2 of Example 1 and the effect of removing trisaturated triglycerides containing stearic acid. did. The amount of fat added was 20%, and the others were in accordance with the AIN-76 composition. Table 5 shows the composition of the test feed.
Shown in

[0027]

[Table 5]

Using 16-day-old suckling rats (manufactured by Charles River Japan Co., Ltd.), the rats were divided into two groups of 10 rats. 16
The test feed was fed after weaning earlier than the age of the feed, and the feed efficiency was calculated from the feed intake and weight gain. Table 6 shows the results.
Shown in

[0029]

[Table 6] Numerical values are shown as mean ± standard deviation. ^* Is significantly different from pure lard combination group (p <0.05)

As a result of using the test feed according to the milk substitute for livestock of the present invention, despite the early weaning and rearing,
It was found that the feed efficiency of the rat was high and was superior to the case where fat containing pure lard was used. Also, 20 ~
At the age of 24 days, feces were collected, lipids were extracted according to a conventional method, the amount of main fatty acids was measured, and the digestibility was calculated. Table 7 shows the results.

[0031]

[Table 7]

The test feed according to the livestock milk replacer of the present invention was found to be superior in the digestion and absorption of palmitic acid and stearic acid as compared with the case where fat containing pure lard was used.

[0033]

Example 2 Table 8 shows an example of the composition of fat used in the milk substitute for livestock of the present invention. The modified palm oil prepared in Reference Example 2 was used as a fat and oil rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol.

[0034]

[Table 8] ─────────────────── Soybean oil 20.0 (wt%) Palm oil 8.0 Milk fat 25.0 Palm oil 15.0 Fish oil 7.0 Modified palm oil 25.0 ───── ──────────────

Table 9 shows examples of formulas for milk substitutes for livestock (for calves) using fats prepared according to the formulas in Table 8.

[0036]

[Table 9] 脱 skim milk powder 4,900 (g) Soy protein 1,000 Whey protein 1,000 Formulated fat (Table 8) 1,800 Glucose 600 Fish meal 400 Vitamin And minerals 100 citric acid 80 salt 50 emulsifier 50 ──────────────────────

The fatty acid composition of the milk replacer of the present invention thus prepared, and 2-palmitoyl-
Table 10 shows the content of 1,3-dioleylglycerol and the content of trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid.

[0038]

[Table 10] ──────────────────────── C14: 0 6.0 (% by weight) C16: 0 22.0 C16: 1 2.0 C18: 0 6.0 C18: 1 35.0 C18: 2 13.0 C18: 3 2.0 C22: 6 1.2 Other 12.8 ──────────────────────── OPO 15.0 Trisaturated triglyceride <1.0 1 ──────────────────────OPO represents 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol.

[0039]

Test Example 2 The effect of the test feed using the fats of the formulation examples shown in Table 8 of Example 1 was confirmed in animal experiments using rats. Add 20% fat and AIN-76 for other
According to the composition. Table 11 shows the test feed composition.

[0040]

[Table 11]

Using 16-day-old suckling rats (manufactured by Charles River Japan), the rats were divided into two groups of 10 rats. In the normal weaning group, mother rats were fed as they were, and fed a diet having the AIN-76 composition from the age of 21 days. In addition, this test group
The animals were weaned earlier than 16 days of age and fed the test feed. The animals were bred until they reached the age of 30 days, and daily changes in body weight were examined. The result is shown in FIG.

As a result of using the test feed according to the milk substitute for livestock of the present invention, the rats showed good growth even though they were bred with early weaning and were not inferior to the weight of normally weaned rats. Was.

[0043]

Test Example 3 In this test example, an animal test example in which it was found that trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid should be removed from the fat of livestock milk replacer was found. Rapeseed oil was completely hydrogenated according to a conventional method to prepare a trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid. That is, rapeseed oil was hydrogenated at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere using a nickel catalyst, and then decatalyzed and decolored according to a conventional method to obtain a completely hydrogenated rapeseed oil. The molecular species of triglyceride in the hydrogenated rapeseed oil was 1.5% for 3-stearyl-1,2-dipalmitin, 15.8% for 1-palmitol-2,3-distearin and 78.0% for tristearin.

Rapeseed oil 25% hydrogenated oil, skim milk 3.25
%, Sodium caseinate 2.8%, water 67.95% and emulsifier 1%, and a cream was prepared at a uniform pressure of 500 kg / cm ² to prepare a test feed. In addition, a cream prepared by blending the same amount of rapeseed oil in place of rapeseed oil completely hydrogenated oil was used as a control. The prepared cream was diluted to a fat content of 10% and used for the experiment.

The rats used were SD male rats weighing 400 g and were divided into two groups of four rats per group. Then, the abdomen was opened under ether anesthesia, and a polyethylene tube (0.75
mm, SP50, manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho). At the same time, a polyethylene tube (0.50 mm, SP40, manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho) was attached to the upper part of the stomach. After surgery, after suturing the abdomen,
The rats were fixed in a ballman cage, and physiological saline containing 5% dextrose was fed at 3.0 ml / hour overnight using a peristaltic pump. After confirming that the lymph flow was stabilized, the prepared cream was made into an emulsion and injected, and the fats and oils transported into the intestinal lymph were measured. The emulsion of the prepared cream was infused with a peristaltic pump at 3.5 ml / hour for 30 minutes. Lymph was collected every hour with a fraction collector. The amount of triglyceride in lymph was quantified by an enzyme method (Detamina TGS555). Table 12 shows the cumulative absorption of fats and oils absorbed 5 hours after injection.

[0046]

[Table 12]

As is clear from this test example, it was found that trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid had a remarkably low absorption rate and was not suitable as a fat for animal milk substitute.
Therefore, when fats and oils such as lard are incorporated into the fat of livestock milk substitute, trisaturated triglycerides containing stearic acid should be removed.

[0048]

The livestock milk substitute of the present invention contains 2-
Digestion and absorptivity could be increased by adding a certain amount of palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol and reducing the amount of trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid to a certain amount or less. Therefore, the livestock substitute milk of the present invention is useful for livestock animals such as calves and piglets during the suckling period.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the effect of feed in Test Example 2.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-70786 (JP, A) JP-A-58-60943 (JP, A) JP-A-2-261349 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23C 11/00-11/10 A23C 9/152 A23K 1/18 A23D 9/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. 2-palmitoyl contained in fat
The total amount of 1,3-dioleylglycerol is 8 to 16% by weight
And a total amount of trisaturated triglyceride containing stearic acid contained in fat is 2% by weight or less. 2. Palmitoyl-1,3-3 contained in fat, characterized in that fat containing fat and oil rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol is used.
-A method for producing a livestock milk replacer in which the total amount of dioleyl glycerol is 8 to 16% by weight and the total amount of trisaturated triglycerides containing stearic acid contained in fat is 2% by weight or less. 3. An oil or fat rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol is esterified with a 1,3-specific lipase by adding oleic acid, oleic acid ester or oleic acid glyceride to palm oil or palm oil fractionated oil. The method for producing a livestock milk replacer according to claim 2, which is an oil or fat obtained by replacement. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fat or oil rich in 2-palmitoyl-1,3-dioleylglycerol is a liquid fat obtained by separating lard into a liquid fat and a solid fat. .