JP3246312B2 - Musical sound generating method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a musical sound generating method for generating a musical sound waveform by executing a musical sound generating program on a programmable arithmetic device such as a CPU or a DSP.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional tone generators are usually MIDI.
(Musical Instrument Digital Interface), a performance input section for inputting performance information from a keyboard or a sequencer, a sound source section for generating musical tone waveforms, a central processing unit (CPU) for controlling the sound source section in accordance with the input performance information And so on. Here, the CPU executes sound source driver processing (performance processing) such as channel assignment and parameter conversion according to the input performance information, and converts the parameters converted to the channels assigned to the sound source section and the sound generation start instruction (note-on). ). The tone generator generates a musical tone waveform based on the supplied parameters, and hardware such as an electronic circuit has been employed as the tone generator. For this reason, the tone generator becomes a dedicated device for generating a tone, and it is necessary to prepare a dedicated tone generator when generating a tone.

Therefore, in a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer, a musical tone generating method for generating musical tones using a so-called software sound source using an application program for calculating performance of corresponding waveform data using performance information such as MIDI events as input data. Has been proposed. By using a program that performs this sound source processing, CPs can be used without using a dedicated tone generator.
A musical tone can be generated only by providing a DA conversion chip in addition to U and software.

In order to generate a musical tone, a sampling period, that is, a DAC (Digital Analog Co
It is necessary to supply a waveform sample to the DAC at each conversion timing in (nverter). For this reason, in the conventional software sound source, a musical tone waveform sample of each sounding channel is calculated and generated for each sounding channel every sampling period. Therefore, CPU
When performing the arithmetic processing of each sounding channel in each sampling period, first, various data used in the previous calculation of the sounding channel are returned from the memory to the register, and the next time after the completion of the waveform generation calculation, It is necessary to save the contents of the register to the memory for the above processing, and much processing time is required for processing other than the original waveform generation calculation. Therefore, the applicant has
A musical tone generation method using a software tone generator with improved computation efficiency by collectively generating and calculating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to the predetermined period for each predetermined period (frame time) has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 10-214,1992). 7-144159
issue).

[0005]

However, such a conventional software sound source is a general-purpose OS (Operating System).
ystem), and is provided as an application program that runs on it. An MID that supplies performance information such as MIDI events to the software sound source
Software such as I-sequencer and game software are also application programs that operate on the same general-purpose OS. Therefore, under the control of the OS of the non-perfect multitask system (multitask system which is not preemptive), other tasks are not executed unless the executing task returns control to the OS. In some cases, the tone waveform sample cannot be output stably to the DAC every sampling cycle.

Further, as described above, waveform data for a plurality of samples are collectively calculated and generated on a waveform buffer,
In a software tone generator that adopts a method for improving computational efficiency, when a request for generating a waveform is issued from a waveform reproducing unit (DAC), it is required to promptly transfer waveform data within a predetermined period. If a large number of events occur at that time, it is not possible to immediately transfer the waveform data, and it is also difficult to generate a stable musical sound. Further, in general-purpose computers such as personal computers, AD for voice input is used.
In many cases, a C (Analog Digital Converter) or a digital waveform input board is provided, but the timbre control processing function provided in the software sound source cannot be applied to the input of waveform data from these.

Further, in the musical tone generating method in which the CPU executes the tone generator process and the performance process, the performance process is a process of creating control information for controlling a tone generated based on the input performance information. On the other hand, the tone generator process is a process for generating waveform data of musical tones based on the control information created by the performance process. Therefore, for example, normally, performance processing such as key depression detection is executed, sound source processing is interrupted at each sampling cycle for the performance processing, waveform data for one sample is generated, and then the processing returns to the performance processing. Like that.

The performance information (MIDI event) is generated by a performance operation of a player or the reproduction of an event by a sequencer. When the performance information is generated, the performance information is processed by the performance processing. That is, when the performance information is generated, C
Since the PU must perform the performance process in addition to the normal sound source process, the amount of calculation temporarily increases due to the performance information generated irregularly. However, the conventional tone generation method does not support this, and the sound source processing is periodically executed with priority regardless of the presence or absence of the performance information, and the performance processing may be delayed in some cases. In order to prevent such a delay in the performance processing, it is conceivable to raise the priority of the performance processing. However, in this case, the number of sounds temporarily decreases, or This causes a problem that the operation of the sound source processing becomes unstable, for example, the waveform is interrupted.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to stably execute a waveform generation operation, to output waveform data promptly when a waveform is requested from a waveform reproducing unit, and to input and output waveform data. It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone generation method capable of performing tone color control processing by supplying the generated waveform data in the middle of a series of processing of a software tone generator. It is another object of the present invention to perform stable sound source processing even if the processing is increased when performance information is generated. Still another object of the present invention is to minimize the amount of calculation for generating a waveform.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, a musical tone generating method according to the present invention comprises: (1) a system step for executing a predetermined operating system; and (2) a system step for executing the predetermined operating system. A waveform generating step of calculating and generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods, based on an instruction from the application program.
(3) an output step of outputting the waveform data calculated and generated in the waveform generation step one sample at a time for each sampling period; and (4) the system step in response to a request from the output step within the predetermined period. And a control step of performing task switching between the waveform generation step and the waveform generation step. Further, another musical sound generating method of the present invention includes: (1) a system step of executing a predetermined operating system; and (2) a plurality of sampling steps based on an instruction from an application program executed on the predetermined operating system. A waveform generation step of calculating and generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a cycle; (3) an output step of outputting the waveform data calculated and generated in the waveform generation step one sample at a time in each sampling cycle;
And (4) a control step of performing task switching between the system step and the waveform generation step in response to a request from the output step within the predetermined period, wherein the waveform generation step includes: A method of generating a musical tone performed by an arithmetic device, wherein, when calculating and generating the waveform data, an update process of a musical tone control parameter used for the waveform data is performed every time a plurality of waveform samples are generated. It is. further,
According to still another musical tone generating method of the present invention, (1) an input step of inputting performance information, and (2) a performance period corresponding to the predetermined period based on the performance information input within a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods. A waveform generating step of calculating and generating waveform data of a plurality of samples; (3) an output step of outputting waveform data one sample at a time in each sampling cycle; and (4) a waveform data of the plurality of samples calculated and generated in the waveform generating step. A delivery step of delivering the waveform data to the output step; and (5) a request step of requesting the delivery of the waveform data by detecting that the output of the waveform data passed to the output step has progressed, The generating step includes, when calculating and generating the waveform data of the plurality of samples, a tone control parameter used for the calculation. Being adapted to perform the update processing of the over data each time to generate a plurality of waveform samples, also,
A musical tone generating method executed in an arithmetic unit, wherein the delivering step is executed in response to a request from the requesting step, and thereafter the waveform generating step is executed.

[0011]

[0012]

Still another musical tone generating method according to the present invention comprises: (1) an input step of inputting performance information;
(2) a waveform generating step of calculating and generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to the predetermined period based on the performance information input within a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods; and (3) corresponding to the predetermined period. A waveform synthesizing step of inputting external waveform data of a plurality of samples and synthesizing with the waveform data of the plurality of samples calculated and generated in the waveform generating step; (4) a signal for the waveform data synthesized in the waveform synthesizing step A waveform processing step of performing processing; and (5) an output step of outputting the waveform data on which the signal processing has been performed in the waveform processing step, one sample at a time for each sampling period. Update processing of musical tone control parameters used for calculating and generating waveform data Characterized in that it is adapted to execute each time to generate a plurality of waveform samples, a tone generating method executed in the arithmetic unit. Still another musical tone generating method according to the present invention comprises: (1) an input step of inputting performance information; and (2) a predetermined period based on the performance information input within a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods. And (3) outputting the waveform data calculated and generated in the waveform generating step one sample at a time for each sampling cycle, and generating the waveform data. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when calculating and generating the waveform data of the plurality of samples, the musical tone control parameters used for the calculation are updated each time a plurality of waveform samples are generated. The tone generation method to be executed. Still further, still another musical sound generating method of the present invention is as follows.
A first step of receiving one or a plurality of pieces of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical tones; A second step of setting tone control parameters corresponding to the designated tone for each assigned tone channel; and setting each tone generation parameter based on the tone control parameter set for each tone channel. Generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods for each channel, and generating a plurality of waveform samples for an envelope value used when generating the waveform data of the plurality of samples. A third step that is updated every time a call is made, and each source generated in the third step. Generating a mixed sound waveform data by mixing the waveform data of the channels; and outputting a mixed sound waveform data one sample at each sampling period. Is the way.

Still another aspect of the present invention is a musical tone generating method, comprising: a first step of receiving one or a plurality of pieces of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical tones; and responding to the performance information. Assigning each designated tone to each one of the plurality of tone channels, and setting tone control parameters corresponding to the designated tone to each assigned tone channel; A third step of generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods for each sounding channel based on the tone control parameters set for each sounding channel; The generated waveform data of each sound channel is branched into at least two streams, and each level is independently controlled to control each level. By mixing for each column,
A fourth step of obtaining at least first and second waveform data; and a fifth step of outputting the first and second waveform data by one sample each for each sampling period. This is a method for generating musical sounds.
Furthermore, still another musical sound generating method of the present invention includes a first step of receiving one or a plurality of pieces of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical sounds, and responding to the performance information, A second step of assigning the designated musical tone to each of the plurality of tone generation channels and setting tone control parameters corresponding to the designated musical tone to each of the assigned tone generation channels; Based on the tone control parameters set for each channel,
A third step of generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods for each sounding channel; and converting the waveform data of each sounding channel generated in the third step into at least two series. A fourth step of obtaining at least first and second waveform data by branching and independently controlling the respective levels and mixing for each stream;
A fifth step of performing signal processing on the first waveform data and a sixth step of mixing the first waveform data and the second waveform data subjected to the signal processing to obtain mixed waveform data And a seventh step of outputting the mixed waveform data one sample at a time for each sampling period. Furthermore, still another musical sound generating method of the present invention includes a first step of receiving one or a plurality of pieces of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical sounds, and responding to the performance information, A second step of assigning the designated musical tone to each of the plurality of tone generation channels and setting tone control parameters corresponding to the designated musical tone to each of the assigned tone generation channels; A third step of generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods for each sounding channel based on the tone control parameters set for each channel; and A fourth step of mixing waveform data of each sounding channel to generate first mixed waveform data;
A fifth step of mixing the first mixed waveform data generated in the step and the external waveform sample data input from the outside to generate second mixed waveform data, and the second mixed waveform data And a sixth step of outputting one sample at each sampling period.

Still further, the musical sound generating apparatus of the present invention includes a computer, and a digital / analog converter connected to the computer and converting waveform data output from the computer into an analog sound signal. A musical sound generating apparatus for synthesizing musical tone waveform data based on data and performance information and outputting as an analog sound signal, wherein the computer (a) converts waveform data from an application program into a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods. A reading program for reading a plurality of corresponding samples at a time, (b) a sound source program for generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to the predetermined period based on performance information from an application program, and (c) a reading program read by the reading program Waveform data and previous And a waveform data generated by the sound source program are combined, in which one sample at each sampling cycle performs processing in accordance with synthesizing program to be output to the digital / analog converter.
Still further, another musical sound generating apparatus of the present invention includes a computer, and a digital / analog converter connected to the computer and converting waveform data output from the computer into an analog sound signal. And a musical tone generating apparatus for synthesizing musical tone waveform data based on performance information and outputting it as an analog sound signal, wherein the computer (a) converts integer waveform data from an application program into floating point data. 1) a data conversion program, (b) a sound source program for generating waveform data in an integer format based on performance information from an application program, and (c) second data for converting waveform data from the sound source program into floating point data. A conversion program, (d) the first
A combining program for combining the floating-point data output by the data conversion program with the floating-point data output by the second data conversion program, and (e) performing signal processing on the floating-point data synthesized by the combining program. Processing according to a waveform processing program, and (f) a third data conversion program for converting floating-point data signal-processed by the waveform processing program into integer format data and outputting the converted data to the digital / analog converter Is performed.

The performance processing is performed with priority when the performance information is generated, and the sound source processing is continuously performed during the idle time of the performance processing. Can be filled in at other times even if is not performed so much, so that sound source processing can be executed stably. In addition, when performance information is generated, performance information reception processing is performed, and tone control or waveform generation based on the received performance information is performed during idle time of the reception processing. The increase in processing can be dispersed within the free time, and a temporary increase in processing can be prevented.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a musical tone generating apparatus on which a musical tone generating method of the present invention is executed. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a central processing unit (CPU) such as a microprocessor for performing various arithmetic processes such as generation of application programs and musical tone waveform samples, and 2 denotes a read-only memory (RO) storing preset tone color data and the like.
M), 3 is a random access memory (R) having a storage area such as a work memory area of the CPU 1, a tone color data area, a channel register area, an output buffer area, and the like.
AM), 4 designates a time and a timer which designates the timing of timer interrupt processing to the CPU 1;
When a DI event is input, the generated MIDI
A MIDI interface 6 for outputting an event is a so-called personal computer keyboard provided with keys such as alphabets, kana, numbers, and symbols.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a display (monitor) device for allowing a user to interact with the musical sound generating device. Reference numeral 8 stores various application programs such as sequencer software and game software for generating musical sounds, and generates musical sound waveform samples. A hard disk (HDD) in which waveform data and the like used for this purpose are stored. Also, 9
Is a codec (CODEC) in which a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and the like are provided, and the DAC stores arithmetically generated musical sound waveform data every sampling clock. An audio input signal supplied from an external audio signal input terminal is supplied through the ADC. 10
A sound system connected to the output of the DAC in the codec 9 amplifies a tone signal converted from an analog signal output from the DAC every sampling cycle and outputs the amplified signal to the outside. An external storage device other than the above, such as a floppy disk device, a CD-ROM drive device, or an MO drive device, may be connected. The above configuration is equivalent to a personal computer, a workstation or the like, on which the tone generating method of the present invention can be implemented.

According to the present invention, in such a general-purpose arithmetic processing device, a general-purpose OS on which an application program such as sequencer software or game software operates operates on a multitask management program. The software sound source is operated under the control of the multitask management program, not the application program. As a result, the software sound source can be reliably executed at a time interval required for real-time processing, and the general-purpose OS is operated at a time when the processing of the software sound source is not executed, and the application on the OS is executed. The processing of the program will be executed.

FIG. 2 shows a software module configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, for simplicity of description, only a portion related to audio signal processing that requires real-time processing, that is, a portion related to software tone generator and waveform data processing is shown. As shown in FIG. 2, an application program group is located at the top layer, 11 is a sound source mixer control software, 12 is a MIDI sequencer software, 13 is software such as game software, and 14 is a waveform reproduction. It is software. The next is a group of system software, 15 is an interface for application programs to use various services provided by the group of system software, and 16 is an MID.
A sound source MIDI driver 17 that functions as an I sound source driver and generates a tone generator task 20 described later;
Is a WAVE input / output driver that provides a function of opening a wave input / output device, 18 is an interface between the sound source MIDI driver 16 and the WAVE input / output driver 17 and the kernel (Ring0), and 25 is an external MIDI driver.
DI driver. Each of the above programs is executed in the user mode (Ring 3) of the processor.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a task dispatcher;
Is a tone generator task, 21 is a wave task,
22 is a mixer task, 23 is a library which is a group of subroutines for performing mixing, division, sample rate conversion or format conversion of a plurality of audio streams, 24 is a codec driver, and these programs are in the kernel mode (Ring0) of the processor. ).

The task dispatcher 19 is a module for selecting a task to be executed next from a plurality of tasks (processes) in an executable state and controlling the task to be executed on the processor. In the present invention, a so-called preemptive method (complete multitasking) that permits interruption from a timer or the like even during execution of a task, and allows processing of a task currently being processed to be started and processing of another task is started. ) Task scheduling.

Also, the tone generator task 20
As will be described later in detail, a waveform table synthesizing function for up to 32 channels and a tone color control processing function such as reverb based on a musical tone control parameter TGparams generated by the tone generator MIDI driver 16 and supplied from the tone generator MIDI driver 16. To provide. Further, the wave task 21 and the mixer task 22 are tasks generated corresponding to the wave input / output device opened by the WAVE input / output driver 17.

Reference numeral 26 denotes a codec circuit having an A / D converter and a D / A converter for inputting / outputting waveform data, and 27 denotes a MIDI interface (MIDI I / O). Although not shown, the system program group includes a device driver group included in an ordinary general-purpose OS and a program group such as a memory management, a file system, and a user interface.

Referring to FIG. 3, the execution state of the task (process) will be described. A task is created by executing a create instruction, and the created task is first placed in a ready (READY) state and placed in a queue. The task dispatcher 19 selects a task whose processing is to be started according to a predetermined priority from tasks in a ready state (READY) connected to the queue.
The task is set to the RUNNING state. In this state, when a time slice interrupt or the like occurs from the timer, the task being executed is interrupted, the task is made ready (READY), and the task is re-queued. Then, the task dispatcher 19 selects a task to be executed next from the tasks in the queue according to a predetermined priority, and controls the selected task to be executed.

Therefore, even if another task is being executed, the processing of the task can be forcibly interrupted by a time slice interrupt or the like occurring at a predetermined interval, and the priority of the tone generator task 20 can be changed. By setting it high, the tone generator task 20 can be reliably executed at predetermined time intervals. In addition, tasks requiring real-time processing such as the wave task 21 can be similarly executed, and real-time processing can be performed on a general-purpose computer. Then, during the period in which the real-time processing is not performed in the predetermined time interval, the general-purpose OS is operated as one of the tasks, and the application program operating on the OS is executed in parallel with the real-time processing. It is possible to do.

When an instruction for waiting for a specific event such as a sleep instruction or a pend instruction is executed while the task is in a running state (RUNNING), the task is set to a waiting state (BLOCKED). , Other tasks are dispatched. Then, the task which has been in the waiting state (BLOCKED) is again set to the ready state (READY) when the specific event occurs, and is placed in the queue. Further, when an exit instruction, a delete instruction, or the like is executed, the task enters a terminated (TERMINATED) state.

Now, in such a configuration, the sound source MI
The DI sound source, the tone generator task 20, the codec driver 24, and the codec circuit 26 realize the software sound source of the present invention. Sound source MIDI
The driver 16 is a MIDI sequencer software 12
For example, it is activated when there is an input event of a MIDI signal via the interface 15. When activated, the sound source MIDI driver 16 receives the input MIDI
According to the signal, processing such as note-on, note-off, program change, control change, and system exclusive is performed. For note-on events,
Tone generator task 20, which is a new sound source
And a tone control parameter and a note-on for setting the assigned channel are prepared. The prepared tone control parameters are parameters obtained by processing the tone color parameters of the tone color selected for each MIDI channel according to the note number attached to the note-on event and the performance touch. The prepared tone control parameters are transferred to the tone generator register of the tone generator task 20 when the tone generator task 20 is activated.

The tone generator task 20 has a maximum of 3
It has a 2ch waveform table synthesizing function and a monaural input stereo output reverb function, and is activated every frame time in response to a waveform data request from an output device including a codec driver 24 and a codec circuit 26. . The tone generator task 20 receives an external audio input, performs reverb processing on the waveform table synthesized data generated by itself and the external audio input, and outputs an audio waveform as a processing result to an output device.

FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing the overall structure of the processing in the tone generator task 20. In this figure, reference numeral 41 denotes a waveform table synthesis process for up to 32 channels, reference numeral 42 denotes an external stereo audio signal input process, and reference numeral 43 denotes a reverb process. Also, 4
4 is a waveform data memory, 50 is an interpolation operation unit, 51 and 65 are data conversion units, 52, 53 and 54 are multiplication units,
A data converter 55 receives a stereo audio input signal input in an integer format, converts the signal into floating-point format data, and outputs a left channel signal L, a right channel signal R, and a sum L + R signal of the two.
7, 59 and 62 are adders, 58 and 64 are adders for performing interleaving, 60, 61, 63, 66
And 67, a buffer; and 65, a data conversion unit for converting floating point data into integer data. The stereo audio input signal input to the data conversion unit 55 may be either an input from the codec 26 or an input from the waveform reproduction software 14 via the WAVE input / output driver 17.

In the conventional hardware tone generator, a waveform is generated for each sample and the D / A conversion processing is sequentially performed. In the present software tone generator and audio input / output, waveform data is processed in frame units. You. A frame is a unit for performing a certain set of processing, and is 5 m for this software sound source and audio input / output.
A buffer for the number of samples corresponding to the reproduction time of about s is secured, and this is set as a unit of one frame. The size of this buffer changes according to the waveform calculation frequency (sample frequency). Each buffer 60, 61, 6 in FIG.
Reference numerals 3, 66, and 67 denote buffers each having a capacity of one frame.

In FIG. 4, thick arrows indicate data represented in a 32-bit floating point format, and thin arrows indicate 16-bit integer data. Furthermore, buffers 60, 61 and 63 surrounded by thick squares represent buffers for storing data in 32-bit floating point format, and buffers 66 and 67 surrounded by thin squares represent 1 buffers.
This represents a buffer for storing 6-bit integer data.
In the CPU used in this system, the floating point multiplication is executed at a higher speed than the integer multiplication, so that the signal processing is performed in the floating point format as much as possible. However, since the waveform data in the waveform data memory 44 is almost 8-bit integer data, the interpolation operation unit 50 performs multiplication by an integer,
Thereafter, the data conversion unit 50 converts the data into a floating-point format to reduce the execution time.

The waveform table synthesizing process 41 basically includes waveform interpolation and gain adjustment. The waveform data read from the waveform data memory 44
0 is interpolated using the pitch information supplied from the sound source MIDI driver 16 and converted into a floating point format by the data converter 51. This output has three output series:
That is, the left channel signal L, the right channel signal R,
And a reverb input signal L + R.
Volume information supplied from the driver 16 (data obtained by multiplying the volume envelope signal of each sounding channel by the level of each of the three series of outputs) is multiplied. The waveform data output from each sounding channel is added to each other in adders 56, 57 and 62, respectively. Each of the adders 56, 57 and 62 has
A left channel signal L, a right channel signal R, and a sum signal L + R of the external stereo audio input signal are also supplied from the data conversion unit 55, and the sum of the generated waveform data of all tone generation channels is mixed with the external audio input signal. Is performed.

The outputs of the adders 56 and 57 are stored in a DryL buffer 60 and a DryR buffer 61, respectively, and the output of the adder 62 is a reverb buffer Rev.
63. L + stored in buffer Rev 63
The R data is input to a reverberation process 43, where a reverb operation is performed, and the generated reverb output data (echo sound data) is subjected to gain adjustment independently for L and R, and then stored in a DryL buffer 60 and a DryR buffer 61. After the data is converted into an integer format by the data conversion unit 65, the D / D of the codec 26 is output as audio output data via the buffers 66 and 67.
It will be output to the A converter.

The processing timing of these processes will be described with reference to FIG. In this figure, the horizontal axis is the time axis,
[A] described above the time axis indicates the processing of the tone generator MIDI driver 16, and [B] described below the time axis indicates the processing in the tone generator task 20. The bottom two lines represent audio input / output streams, the audio input device is an A / D waveform data input routine from the codec circuit 26 prepared in the library 23, and the audio output device is a signal to the codec circuit. This is a waveform data output routine for D / A conversion.

The whole system is roughly divided into processing units having three kinds of priorities. The process with the highest priority is the process of the tone generator MIDI driver 16 activated by the generation of the MIDI signal due to the timer interrupt, and the conversion from the MIDI signal to the tone control parameter is executed during the interrupt process. However, when MIDI is directly output from the application instead of the timer interrupt, the lowest priority is given. The next priority is the tone generator task 20, which generates a ready message from the audio input / output buffer (the output ready message issued when the audio output device requests the next data and the audio input device outputs the message). Input ready message when data transmission is possible), and when the tone generator MIDI driver 16 sends new tone control parameters.
TG params received message and wave load requ issued when MIDI driver 16 loads waveform
Invoked by an est message. Other applications, such as a MIDI sequencer, are considered the lowest priority processes.

In the process [B] in the tone generator task 20 shown in FIG. 5, processing of data corresponding to one frame includes (1) reading audio input data,
(2) process musical tone control parameters, (3) calculate and generate waveforms for 32 channels, (4) perform forced dump if necessary, (5) send sound source status, (6) perform reverb calculation, (7) Audio output of data. Of these, the CPU load is the largest, and
The one that fluctuates greatly is the 32ch waveform generation processing of (3), and the calculation may not be completed during one frame.
Therefore, it is reasonable to bring the uncertainties to the end as the order of processing, and the processing is not started from the above (1) but started from the above (5). .

The above (5) to (7) are a series of processes and are started by an output ready message from the audio output device. When this message is received and the tone generator task 20 is started, first, in a process (5), a tone generator status (TG status), which is an operation status of the tone generator task 20, is sent to the tone generator MIDI driver 16 to generate a tone generator task. The callback function of the MIDI driver 16 is called. Sound source MID
The I driver 16 uses TG status in this callback function.
And sets TG params including tone control parameters and note-on signals of tone generation channels prepared for the tone generator task 20 in the tone generator register of the tone generator task 20. Subsequently, the tone generator task 20 starts executing the reverberation operation of (6), executes the reverb operation process by using the waveform data stored in the buffer 63 as an input, and
The output is added to the DryL buffer 60 and DryR buffer 61 for one frame. Then, the audio data output process of (7) is started, and the waveform data stored in each of the buffers 60 and 61 is converted into waveform data for one frame for an output driver, transferred to the output driver, and transmitted to the output driver. The process ends.

The next series of processing is the audio input processing (1). This process is triggered by an input ready message. Actually, as shown in FIG. 5, since the input is ready before the output, the process (1) is called after the process (7). In the audio input process (1), one frame of input data is read from the audio input device or the WAVE input / output driver 17.

The last series of processing is (2) to (4). These are activated by the received message of TG params. Actually, as described above, since the TG params have been received before the processing (6), the processing (1)
This series of processing is read out after. Here, first, in processing (2), the tone generator MIDI driver 16 interprets the tone control parameters set in the tone generator register and the TG params such as the note-on signal.
It is converted into data for waveform generation calculation. Subsequently, in a process (3), a waveform generation process for up to 32 channels is performed based on the parameters and data prepared in the above (2). As described above, this waveform generation processing reads the waveform data while advancing the address of the waveform data memory 44 at a speed corresponding to the musical tone pitch, performs interpolation between the read samples, and generates a volume envelope (AEG).
By performing volume control based on volume information such as
This is performed by generating waveform data for one channel and repeating this for up to 32 channels. The volume control is performed independently for the three channels of the left channel L, the right channel R, and L + R for reverb, and the generated waveform data of one frame × 3 sequences is added to each of the buffers 60, 61, and 63. .

When this processing (3) is completed, the processing of the frame is completed, and the general-purpose OS is operated until the next outputready message is received. In addition, as shown in FIG.
Even if the ready message arrives, if the waveform generation processing of (3) is not completed, the waveform generation processing is terminated. At this time, the forced dump processing (4) is performed on the uncalculated channel. Therefore, the click noise is prevented from being generated. In addition, the above-mentioned maximum 32
The waveform generation processing for the channels is performed in order from the channel that has a noticeable effect when the above-mentioned truncation is performed, for example, the channel with the highest current level.

When a MIDI event occurs due to a timer interrupt having a higher priority during the execution of the tone generator task 20, the control is forcibly transferred to the tone generator MIDI driver 16, where the corresponding processing is performed. Is This is indicated by an arrow in [A] of FIG. This figure shows a state in which seven MIDI events have occurred.

The tone generator task 2 described above
0 will be described in more detail with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. First, in step S100 in FIG. 6, the tone generator task 20 is generated. After being generated in step S100, the tone generator task 20 is put to sleep in step S101. In the sleep state, when an event such as the reception of a message occurs and is awakened to be in the ready state, and dispatched by the task dispatcher, the process proceeds to step S102, and the event is determined.
That is, (a) re from the audio input / output device
ady, (b) a waveform data load request from the sound source MIDI driver 16, or (c) a waveform data load request from the sound source MIDI driver 16.
It is determined whether the received message is TG params.

The result of the judgment is that the audio input /
If it is a reception of a ready message from the output device, the process proceeds to step S103, and it is determined whether the message is output ready from the audio output device or input ready from the audio input device. If the result of this determination is an output ready message from the audio output device, step S1
04, the trigger lag is set to “1”, and then in step S105, the TG
The status is sent (process (5) in FIG. 5). Then, in step S106, it is determined whether or not reverb is turned on. If the result of the determination is YES, the reverb calculation process (process (6) in FIG. 5) is performed in step S107, and Judgment result is NO
In the case of, the process proceeds directly to step S108. Then, in step S108, audio data is output (process (7) in FIG. 5), and the process returns to step S101 to be in the sleep state.

On the other hand, if the result of the determination in step S103 is an input ready message from the audio input device, the flow advances to step S109 to trigger
The state of the ger lag is determined. As a result of this judgment, the trigger
If = 1, the process proceeds to step S110 to read audio input data (process (1) in FIG. 5), and then returns to step S101 to be in the sleep state. If trigger = 0, the process proceeds to step S101.
To return to the sleep state. Here, the trigger flag is set to “0” when the (3) waveform generation processing is completed, and is set to “1” when the output ready message is received.
Is a flag that is set to Therefore, by determining the state of the trigger flag in step S109, the processing for the input ready message is not performed prior to the processing for the output ready message.

If the result of the determination in step S102 is a "wave load request" message from the tone generator MIDI driver 16 shown in (b), the flow advances to step S111 to read the waveform data in step S111 and store it in the memory. And returns to step S101 to enter the sleep state. This waveform data load request is a message issued to transmit waveform data from the tone generator MIDI driver 16 when the tone generator task 20 is initialized.

If the result of the determination in step S102 is a received message of (c) TG params, the process proceeds to step S112, where the tone control parameter TGparams set in the tone generator register by the tone generator MIDI driver 16 is determined. The process (process (2) in FIG. 5) is performed. Specifically, from the received tone control parameter TG params, the waveform data memory address, pitch information, EG parameter, pan data, LF
Sound source control parameters such as O control data are determined.
Subsequently, the process proceeds to step S113, where it is determined whether or not TG EXIT is determined. If the determination result is YES, the process proceeds to step S113.
Proceeding to 116, the task ends. If the determination result is NO, the process proceeds to step S114, where a waveform generation process for up to 32 channels (process (3) in FIG. 5) is performed. For details of this processing, see FIG.
This will be described later with reference to (a) and (b). After this waveform generation processing is completed, the process proceeds to step S115, where the trigger
The flag is reset to "0", and the process proceeds to step S101.
Return to sleep mode.

The waveform generation processing for 32 channels in step S114 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). When the waveform generation processing in step S114 is started in step S200 in FIG.
First, in step S201, it is determined whether new key-on data has occurred. Here, if it is determined that there is new key-on data, the process proceeds to step S202, and the calculation order of the sounding channels is rearranged.
This is because the output ready request may occur during the waveform generation calculation for multiple channels as described above, and the calculation must be terminated in the middle, and the calculation for important channels must be completed first. This is a process performed in order to keep it. Here, c is the number of sounding channels.

After step S202 is completed, or when it is determined in step S201 that no new key-on data is generated, step S2 is executed.
03 is executed. In this step S203,
The counter i for counting the number of operation channels is set to "0", the counter i is reset, and the smaller value of the number of sounding channels c and the number of simultaneous sounding permitted channels r is set in a variable vNum. This variable vNum is a variable representing the number of channels to be calculated. Subsequently, the process proceeds to step S204, where the value of the counter i is set to the variable vNum.
It is determined whether it is smaller than. If the determination result is NO,
That is, the number of channels v on which the value of the counter i should be calculated
If it is greater than or equal to Num, step S20
Proceeding to step S9, the waveform generation processing ends.

If the decision result in the step S204 is YES, that is, if the value of the counter i is smaller than the variable vNum, the flow advances to a step S205 to output ready request
Is determined. This determination result is Y
In the case of ES, the process proceeds to step S206, in which the sound signal of the channel i is forcibly dumped ((4) in FIG. 5).
Is performed. On the other hand, if the determination result is NO, in step S207, the waveform generation calculation of the i-th channel is performed. The details will be described later with reference to FIG. When the forced dump processing 206 or the waveform generation calculation 207 for the i-th channel is completed, step S2
08, the counter i is incremented, and the process returns to step S204 again.
Are repeated from step S204 to step S208.

The details of the i-th channel waveform generation calculation in step S207 will be described with reference to FIG. This waveform generation calculation processing is performed in steps S211 to S211.
Waveform data for one sample of the i-th channel is generated by a series of processes in S218, and by repeating this series of processes a plurality of times, waveform data for a plurality of samples is generated.

When the waveform generation operation S207 of the i-th channel is started in step S210, first, in step S211, the integer part of the read address (readPtr) already calculated in step S214 in the previous waveform generation operation is set. Accordingly, a required number of waveform samples for interpolation are read from the waveform data memory, and an interpolation operation between the waveform samples is performed according to the decimal part of the read address. As a result, one interpolated sample is generated. Next, in step S212, the dryL buffer 6
0, calculation of volume data (volume level) of each data added to the dryR buffer 61 and the rev buffer 63 is performed. This is the volume envelope AEG, volume vo
l, modulation AM, pan Pan, each of the three levels Send described above
This is performed by adding each parameter of Level.
Subsequently, in step S213, step S212
Are multiplied by the corresponding interpolation calculation result data (interpolated samples), and the results are added to the buffers corresponding to the respective sequences.

Subsequently, the flow advances to step S214 to add a f-number (pitch information) to create a new read address readPtr of the waveform data memory 44. Thus, the read address readPtr of the waveform data memory is set to F
By increasing at a speed corresponding to the number, a waveform having a pitch (pitch) proportional to the F-number is read from the waveform data memory (waveform table). Further, when the F number is data having a decimal part, more precise pitch control can be performed.

Next, the process proceeds to step S215, where the volume envelope AEG is updated. Next, step S216
The updated volume envelope AEG is keyoffLeve
It is determined whether the value is smaller than l. If the determination result is NO, the process proceeds to step S217 to perform an LFO update process, and then performs a smoothing process (interpolation process) of the volume parameter vol and the pan parameter pan in step S218. (These steps S215 and S217
The details of S218 will be described later. Next, proceeding to step S219, it is determined whether or not waveform samples to be generated for this channel still remain, that is, whether or not waveform generation of a number of samples corresponding to one frame has been completed for this channel. If the result of the determination is YES, that is, if there is a sample to be calculated, the process returns to step S211. If the result of this determination is NO, it means that the waveform calculation processing has been completed for all the samples of the channel.
Proceeding to 221, the waveform generation calculation for the channel in step S 207 is terminated.

If the updated value of the volume parameter is smaller than keyoffLevel in the determination in step S216 and the determination result is YES, keyoff processing is performed in step S220 to set the channel to the mute state. After that, the process proceeds to step S221, and the waveform generation calculation 207 of this channel is ended.

Here, the above-described envelope waveform and LFO waveform will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
3 (a) shows a typical example of an envelope (EG) waveform, and as is well known, an attack (ATTACK),
It consists of four segments: DECAY, SUSTAIN, and RELEASE. That is, when key-on (keyon) occurs, the maximum level (EG) has a slope of the attack rate (ATKrate).
MAXlevel) at a stretch (attack segment),
Next, the signal is attenuated from the maximum level to the sustain level at a gradient of a decay rate (DC rate) (decay segment). Then, a steady state is maintained for a certain time at the sustain level (SUSlevel) (sustain segment), and when a key-off (keyoff) is input, a release rate (RLSrat) is set.
e) Decay at the slope of e). When the level reaches a key-off level that is inaudible to human ears, it is rapidly attenuated by a damping rate (DMPrate) to such an extent that no click noise occurs.

Also, LFO (Low Frequency Oscillato)
r) The waveform is used to obtain a modulation waveform for the tone waveform, and has a slope LF as shown in FIG.
This is a sawtooth wave having an LFO cycle determined by Orate. A required modulation waveform such as a sine wave can be obtained by referring to a table or calculating using the LFO waveform.

The EG waveform and the LFO waveform change very slowly as compared with the sampling period of the musical tone waveform. In the waveform generation calculation of the i-th channel shown in FIG. 7B, the amplitude EG is updated for each sample (S215), and the LFO is updated (S217).
And the volume and pan interpolation calculations (S218) are performed, but since the changes in the EG waveform and LFO waveform are slower than the sampling cycle, these calculation processes are executed for each sampling cycle. There is no necessity, and no inconvenience arises even if it is executed every plural sampling periods. By doing so, the amount of calculation in the waveform generation calculation can be reduced.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the i-th channel waveform generation operation processing described above. In the embodiment shown in this figure, AEG update processing, LFO update processing, and volume and pan interpolation calculation processing are performed every eight sample calculations. Note that the frequency of these arithmetic processes does not need to be every eight samples, and an optimal frequency may be selected according to the processing speed of the CPU to be used and the load state of the CPU. In FIG. 8, step S230
When the waveform generation calculation of the i-th channel is started, first, in step S231, the content of the counter sn for counting the sample number is reset to "0". Next, in step S232, a necessary waveform sample is read from the waveform data memory and interpolation calculation is performed as in step S211 (FIG. 7B). Next, in step S250 at the time of the previous waveform generation operation, each volume level already calculated is multiplied by the corresponding interpolation operation result data, and the result is added to the buffer corresponding to each series. Next, step S234
, A new read address of the waveform data memory is created.

Next, in step S235, it is determined whether or not the content of the sample number counter sn is 0 or a multiple of 8. When the result of this determination is YES, it is a sample on which the calculation of EG or LFO should be executed,
Proceeding to step S236, an update process of the amplitude EG (AEG) is performed, and then proceeding to step S237. on the other hand,
If the determination result in S235 is NO, the process proceeds to step S237 without updating the AEG. In step S237, it is determined whether or not the current value of the AEG is smaller than the key-off level. If the result is NO, the process proceeds to step S238, in which the sample is updated with the LFO as in step S235. Is determined as to whether or not the sample is to be performed. If the result of this determination is YES, an LFO update process is performed in step S239, then a volume and pan interpolation operation is performed in step S240, and then a volume level update process of each of the three series of data is performed in S241. This means that the waveform generation processing for this sample has been completed, and the flow proceeds to step S242.

If the result of the determination in S238 is NO, the waveform generation processing for this sample has been completed at this time because the sample is not a sample for which the LFO update processing is to be executed. move on. In step S242, it is determined whether or not processing of all the samples has been completed. If there are any remaining samples to be processed, the sample number counter is incremented in step S243, and the processing in step S243 is performed.
The process after 232 is repeated. Further, in step S237, the AEG sets the key-off level (keyoff level).
When it is determined that the waveform is smaller than the level (i.e., level), the process proceeds to the key-off process in step S244, the waveform is rapidly attenuated by the damping plate (FIG. 13A), and the waveform generation process for this channel i is terminated.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG.
A236 update processing, S239 LFO update processing, S240 volume and pan interpolation processing, and S2
The calculation processing of the volume level 41 is executed every eight samples, and the calculation load of the CPU can be reduced as compared with the case of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the waveform generation calculation of the i-th channel. Steps S261 to S266 in FIG. 9 have the same contents as steps S231 to S236 in FIG. 8, respectively.
Steps S267 to S269 are the same as steps S239 to S241 in FIG. 8, respectively.
Step S270 of FIG. 8 corresponds to step S237 of FIG.
Steps S271 to S273 correspond to step S24 in FIG.
Since the contents are the same as those in steps S <b> 2 to S <b> 244, a detailed description of the processing in each step in FIG. 9 is omitted.

In the embodiment shown in FIG.
In step S265, the sample is determined to be EG or LFO.
When it is determined that the sample does not perform the calculation of (1), the process proceeds to step S270, and it is determined whether or not the value of AEG is smaller than the key-off level. If the result of determination in step S265 is that the sample is to be operated, AEG update processing in step S266, LFO update processing in S267, volume and pan interpolation processing in S268, and volume level calculation processing in S269 are sequentially performed. It has been made like that.

That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 8 described above, the update calculation of the AEG in step S236 is performed by the LFO
Update operation (S239), volume and pan interpolation operation (S240), and volume level calculation (S24)
Separately from 1), it is determined whether or not the value of the AEG is smaller than the key-off level after the end of the AEG update calculation. However, in the embodiment shown in FIG. So that they work together, then AE
The determination of the G value is performed. As a result, although the amount of calculation by the CPU slightly increases as compared with the case of FIG. 8, it decreases compared with the case of FIG. 7B described above.

In these embodiments, A
The amount of calculation is reduced by setting the frequency of update processing of EG, LFO, etc. for each predetermined sample.
Whether or not to perform the EG calculation may be determined according to which segment in the EG the sample is in. For example, the EG operation is executed in the attack segment and the decay segment, but the EG operation can be omitted in the sustain segment because the EG operation is in a steady state. Thus, by omitting the EG calculation according to the segment of the EG waveform, it is possible to substantially reduce the calculation frequency.

Next, the AEG updating process (step S215 in FIG. 7B, S236 in FIG. 8, and S26 in FIG. 9)
Details of 6) will be described with reference to FIG. AEG
When the updating process is started, first, in step S301, the EG parameter (EGPARM), the current value (aeg) of the amplitude EG, and the performance touch information (touch) are read. The EG control information includes the duration, target value (EGMAXlevel, SUSlevel), attack rate (ATKrate), decay rate (DCrate), and release rate (RLSrate) of each segment of the EG waveform corresponding to the tone generated in the sounding channel. Etc.

Then, the process proceeds to a step S302, where it is determined whether or not the key is currently on. If the result of this determination is NO
If so, the process proceeds to step S303 because of key-off, and shifts to the release segment. If the key is on, the process directly proceeds to step S304. In this step S304, it is determined whether or not the current segment is not a sustain segment. If the result of this determination is NO, that is, if it is a sustain segment, the AEG is in a steady state, and the AEG updating process is terminated as it is. Also, the determination result of S304 is YES
In this case, the process proceeds to step S305 and the subsequent steps, and the AEG is updated.

EG such as the rate value of each segment of EG
Although the parameter is stored as a real value, in the present invention, since the EG value is treated as an integer, the AEG
Is updated as follows. That is,
Let the rate value in the corresponding segment be rate, its integer part be n, and its decimal part be f. When f> 0, m = n + 1 and k = rate / (n + 1). When f = 0, m = n and k = rate / n = 1. Then, the AEG is updated by accumulating k and adding an integer value m to the current AEG value aeg every time the value exceeds 1. By doing so, the fractional rounded value m of the rate value rate can be added with a probability of rate / m, and eventually, m · (rate / m) = rate is added to the current value aeg to update the AEG. That you are doing.

For this purpose, first, in step S305, the value of k described above is added to the aeg fraction register (aegfrac reg). The aegfrac reg is a register for accumulating k described above. Then, in step S306, it is determined whether or not the content of the aegfrac reg has become greater than one. If the result of this determination is NO
In this case, as described above, since the current AEG value is not updated, this process is terminated. If the content of the aegfrac reg exceeds 1 and the result of the determination in S306 is YES, the process proceeds to step S307,
In the current AEG value aeg, m = (the rate value of the corresponding segment
An integer part (n + 1) of the rate is added to obtain a new aeg, and the new aeg is multiplied by the performance touch information TOUCH to obtain an updated AEG value.

Next, in step S308, aegfrac
Subtract 1 from the contents of reg to prepare for the next accumulation of k.
Subsequently, in step S309, it is determined whether or not aeg has reached the target value (EGMAXlevel for an attack segment, SUSlevel for a decay segment). Then, if NO, the current AEG updating process is terminated.

Next, the LFO update processing (S2 in FIG. 7B)
17, S239 in FIG. 8 and S267 in FIG. 9 will be described in detail. This LFO control data is also stored in the EG described above.
Like the parameters, they are stored as real values, but since the actual LFO parameters are handled as integers, they are updated by probabilistic calculations, like the EG values described above. First, in step S321, the stored LFO control data, that is, the LFO rate (LFOrate)
) And the current LFO phase value (lfop). Here, as in the case of the EG described above, the read LFO
The integer part of the rate value (LFOrate) is n and the decimal part is f. When f> 0, m = n + 1 and k = LFOrate / (n +
1) When f = 0, m = n and k = LFOrate / n = 1. Then, by accumulating k and adding an integer value m to the current LFO value lfop each time the value exceeds 1, L
The FO value is updated.

That is, in step S322, l
k is added to the fo fraction register (lfofrac reg), and it is determined in step S323 whether or not the value has exceeded 1. If the result of this determination is NO, this LFO update process is terminated. If YES,
In step S324, m (= integer value n + 1 of LFOrate) is added to the current phase value lfop of the LFO and updated to a new current phase value lfop. Subsequently, in step S325, 1 is subtracted from the content of lfofrac reg to prepare for the next processing, and the flow advances to step S326. In S326, it is determined whether or not the current phase value lfop has reached the target value lfopdist. If the result of this determination is NO, step S3 is left as it is.
Proceed to 28. On the other hand, lfop reaches the target value lfopdist and S
If the decision result in the step 326 is YES, a step S is executed.
At 327, lfop is reset to zero. This allows
As shown in FIG. 13B, an LFO value of a sawtooth wave is generated. Next, step S328 is executed,
Based on the current value of the LFO phase value lfop, the amplitude value lfo of a predetermined LFO waveform is obtained by referring to a table or by calculation. As described above, the LFO of the sawtooth wave as shown in FIG.
A method of generating a value and using it as a modulation waveform, or a method of generating various modulation waveforms based on this sawtooth wave LFO value has been described as an embodiment. The LFO value may be obtained, or a predetermined modulation waveform table may be referred to simply and sequentially.

Next, based on FIG. 12, the volume and pan calculation processing (S218 in FIG. 7B, FIG.
S240 of FIG. 9 and S268 of FIG. 9 will be described.
The volume information and the pan information are set by a user operation. First, step S3
At 31, it is determined whether the current value vol of the volume information is not equal to the target value set by the user. If it is equal to the vol target value, and the determination result is NO, the process proceeds to step S332. If it is not equal to the target value, step S332
Then, interpolation processing of vol data is performed, and the interpolated data is set as new vol data.

Next, in step S332, it is determined whether or not the current value pan of the pan data is not equal to the target value set by the user. pan is equal to the target value,
If the result of this determination is NO, the volume and pan calculation processing is terminated. On the other hand, S333
Is YES, the interpolation processing of the pan data is performed in step S334, and the data after the interpolation is replaced with the new data.
Use pan data.

In the above-described embodiment, the tone generator task 20 is activated by the output ready message generated when the reproduction of one frame of the output driver is completed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. (5)-in tone generator task 20
Since the processing of (7) is completed in a shorter time than one frame time, the tone generator task 20
You may make it start in the middle of the reproduction time of a frame. Further, instead of starting each frame of a fixed time length, it may be started at the time when it is detected that the waveform data set in the output driver has decreased.

Further, a waveform data transfer request (output
The waveform generation method according to the present invention, in which the waveform data is first transferred when a ready message is received, and then the waveform generation operation is performed, is not limited to the case of the software sound source, but is incorporated in an electronic musical instrument or the like. The present invention can also be applied to a dedicated tone generator. Furthermore, combining the generated waveform data with the waveform data input from the outside,
Also, the insertion of waveform data input from the outside into stages in the middle of waveform generation calculation processing of a plurality of stages can be applied not only to a software tone generator but also to a dedicated tone generator. .

Further, in the above, the processing (5), (6), (7), (1), (2),
Although a series of processes are performed in the order of (3), the order of the processes is not necessarily limited to this. Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the waveform generation operation processing (3) is performed continuously, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and the waveform generation calculation processing (3) may be performed by dividing into plural pieces.

Further, in the above description, in the interrupt processing of the MIDI event, the sound generation assignment and the setting of the tone generator register are collectively executed. Or simply generated MIDI in the interrupt processing
Only the capturing process for capturing the event into the buffer may be executed. In this case, instead of omitting the tone generation assignment or the setting of the tone generator register from the MIDI interrupt process, a similar process may be executed during the tone generator process, for example. Alternatively, it is also possible to set another interrupt factor using a timer or the like and execute the same in the interrupt processing.

Further, the above-mentioned interruption processing is not limited to the above-described assignment processing and capture processing, but may be any processing relating to performance information processing leading to musical tone generation. Furthermore, the musical sound generation method is not limited to the waveform memory method as in the above-described embodiment, but may be any method such as the FM method, the physical model method, and the ADPCM method.

[0081]

According to the present invention, it is possible to stably execute a waveform generation operation in parallel with an arbitrary general-purpose OS. Further, when there is a request from the waveform reproducing unit, the waveform data can be output quickly, and the risk of delay in data transfer can be eliminated. Further, it is possible to perform a tone color control process of a software sound source on waveform data input from the outside.

Further, even if the number of processes increases at the time when the performance information is generated and the sound source processing cannot be executed much, the gap can be filled at other times, so that the sound source processing can be stabilized. . Furthermore, the increase in the processing at the time when the performance information is generated can be dispersed within the free time, and a temporary increase in the processing can be prevented. Furthermore, by intermittently performing the EG waveform calculation and the LFO calculation, the amount of calculation for generating the waveform can be reduced, and the processing load due to the waveform generation can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a general configuration of a processing device in which a musical sound generating method of the present invention is executed.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a software module configuration according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an execution state of a task.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a function of a tone generator task.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an execution timing of each process related to generation of a musical tone.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a tone generator task.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a waveform generation operation.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the waveform generation operation.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing still another embodiment of the waveform generation operation.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of EG waveform calculation.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of LFO waveform calculation.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of volume and pan interpolation calculation.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an EG waveform and an LFO waveform.

[Description of Signs] 1 CPU, 2 ROM, 3 RAM, 4 timer,
5, 27 MIDI interface, 6 keyboard, 7 display device, 8 hard disk device,
9, 26 codec circuit, 10 sound system,
11 sound source mixer control software, 12 MIDI sequencer software, 13 game software, etc. 14 waveform reproduction software, 15, 18 interface, 16 sound source MIDI
Driver, 17 WAVE Driver, 19 Task Dispatcher, 20 Tone Generator Task, 21
Wave task, 22 mixer task, 23 library, 24 codec driver, 25 external MIDI driver, 41 waveform table synthesis processing, 42 external stereo audio signal input processing, 43 reverb processing, 4
4 Waveform data memory, 50 interpolation calculator, 51, 5
5, 65 data conversion unit, 52, 53, 54 multiplication unit
56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 64 adder, 60,
61, 63, 66, 67 buffers,

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 7/02 G10H 1/02

Claims (11)

(57) [Claims] (1) a system step of executing a predetermined operating system ; (2) a system step corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods based on an instruction from an application program executed on the predetermined operating system .
Multiple samples of waveform generation step of computation generates waveform data that, (3) an output step of outputting the waveform data Oite operations generated the waveform generating step one sample every sampling period, and, (4) the A control step of switching a task between the system step and the waveform generation step in response to a request from the output step within a predetermined period.
A method for generating a musical tone executed in an arithmetic unit. (2) a system step of executing a predetermined operating system; (2) a system step corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods based on an instruction from an application program executed on the predetermined operating system .
Multiple samples of waveform generation step of computation generates waveform data that, (3) an output step of outputting the waveform data calculated generated in the waveform generation step one sample every sampling period, and, (4) the predetermined period And a control step of performing task switching between the system step and the waveform generation step in response to a request from the output step, wherein the waveform generation step includes the waveform data of the plurality of samples.
Parameters to be used when generating
A tone generating method executed in the arithmetic unit, wherein the data updating process is performed every time a plurality of waveform samples are generated . Wherein (1) an input step of inputting performance information, on the basis of the performance information inputted within a predetermined time period over a plurality of sampling periods (2), to respond to the predetermined period
That a plurality of samples of waveform generation step of calculating generates waveform data, (3) outputting step of the waveform data to output one sample every sampling period, (4) the waveform generating step the plurality of samples of the waveform computed produced in A transfer step of transferring data to the output step; and (5) a request step of detecting that the output of the waveform data transferred to the output step has progressed, and requesting the transfer of the waveform data, The waveform generating step includes a step of generating the waveform data of the plurality of samples.
Parameters to be used when generating
Data updating process is performed each time a plurality of waveform samples are generated . In addition, in response to a request from the requesting step, the delivery step is performed, and thereafter, the A method for generating a musical tone performed in an arithmetic unit, wherein a waveform generating step is performed. 4. An input step for inputting performance information, and (2) an input step corresponding to the predetermined period based on the performance information input within a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods .
Multiple samples of waveform generation step of calculating generates waveform data that, (3) the input the external waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period, the plurality of samples of waveforms Oite operation generated the waveform generation step waveform synthesis step of combining the data, (4) the waveform processing step of applying signal processing to the synthesized waveform data in the waveform synthesis step, Oyo
And (5) outputting the waveform data on which the signal processing has been performed in the waveform processing step, one sample at a time for each sampling period, and the waveform generation step includes :
Parameters to be used when generating
A tone generating method executed in the arithmetic unit, wherein the data updating process is performed every time a plurality of waveform samples are generated . 5. An input step of inputting performance information. 2. A waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to the predetermined period is inputted based on the performance information input within a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods. A waveform generating step for calculating and generating; and (3) an outputting step of outputting the waveform data calculated and generated in the waveform generating step one sample at a time for each sampling period, wherein the waveform generating step includes the waveform data of the plurality of samples. Wherein a tone generation control parameter used in the calculation is updated each time a plurality of waveform samples are generated. 6. A first step of receiving one or a plurality of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical tones, and, in response to the performance information, transmitting each of the designated musical tones to a plurality of sounding channels. A second step of assigning a tone control parameter corresponding to the designated tone to each assigned tone channel; and setting tone control parameters set for each tone channel.
Based on data, a plurality of sampling for each sound channel
And generating a waveform data of a plurality samples corresponding to a predetermined time period over period, the wave of said plurality of samples
When generating the shape data, the third step and the third of each sound channel generated in step adapted to update each time generating the waveform samples more than about envelope value for use therein
Engaged mixing Le waveform data, and a fourth step of generating a mixed waveform data, one sample the mixed waveform data for each sampling period
And a fifth step of outputting a tone each time . 7. A first step of receiving one or a plurality of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical tones, and, in response to the performance information, transmitting each of the designated musical tones to a plurality of sounding channels. A second step of setting a tone control parameter corresponding to the designated tone for each assigned tone channel; and a tone control parameter set for each tone channel.
Based on data, a plurality of sampling for each sound channel
A third step of generating waveform data of a plurality samples corresponding to a predetermined time period over period, the sound generated in the third step channel
Each of the waveform data into at least two series,
Control each level independently and mix for each series
The Rukoto, a fourth step of obtaining at least first and second waveform data, the first and second waveform data at every sampling period
And a fifth step of outputting one sample each . 8. A first step of receiving one or a plurality of performance information for generating one or a plurality of designated musical tones, and responding to the performance information by converting each of the designated musical tones to a plurality of sounding channels. A second step of assigning a tone control parameter corresponding to the designated tone to each assigned tone channel; and setting a tone control parameter set to each tone channel. A third step of generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods for each sounding channel, based on Branch into two lines,
A fourth step of obtaining at least first and second waveform data by independently controlling the respective levels and mixing for each stream; and a fifth step of performing signal processing on the second waveform data. A step of mixing the first waveform data and the second waveform data subjected to signal processing to obtain mixed waveform data; and a step of mixing the mixed waveform data for each sampling cycle. 1
And outputting a sample. 9. A first step for receiving one or a plurality of pieces of performance information for generating one or a plurality of specified musical tones, and responding to the performance information, A second step of assigning a tone to each of a plurality of tone channels and setting tone control parameters corresponding to the designated tone to each assigned tone channel; Set tone control parameters
Based on data, a plurality of sampling for each sound channel
A third step of generating waveform data of a plurality samples corresponding to a predetermined time period over period, the sound generated in the third step channel
Le waveform data combined mixing, a fourth step and said first mixing the waveform data and the external waveform sample data inputted from the outside, which is generated in the fourth step of generating a first mixed waveform data When
Were mixed, and the fifth step of generating a second mixed waveform data, 1 support the second mixed waveform data for each sampling period
And a sixth step of outputting each sample . 10. A computer which is connected to the computer and which converts a waveform data output from the computer into an analog sound signal, wherein the digital / analog converter converts the waveform data into an analog sound signal. A tone generator for synthesizing data and outputting it as an analog sound signal, wherein said computer performs processing according to the following programs (a) to (c): (a) application Waveform data from the program corresponds to a predetermined period over a plurality of sampling periods.
A reading program for reading a plurality of samples at a time , (b) based on performance information from an application program.
A sound source program for generating waveform data of a plurality of samples corresponding to the predetermined period ; (c) synthesizing the waveform data read by the reading program and the waveform data generated by the sound source program, and And a synthesizing program for outputting to the digital / analog converter one sample at a time. 11. A computer comprising: a computer; a digital / analog converter connected to the computer for converting waveform data output from the computer into an analog sound signal; a tone waveform based on the received waveform data and performance information; A tone generator for synthesizing data and outputting as an analog sound signal, wherein said computer performs processing according to the following programs (a) to (f): (a) application A first data conversion program for converting integer-format waveform data from a program into floating-point data; (b) a tone generator program for generating integer-format waveform data based on performance information from an application program; (c) the tone generator Convert waveform data from program to floating point data (D) a combining program for combining floating-point data output from the first data conversion program and floating-point data output from the second data conversion program; (e) combining using the combining program And (f) converting the floating-point data subjected to signal processing by the waveform processing program into integer format data and outputting the converted data to the digital / analog converter. A third data conversion program to perform.