JP3253935B2 - Coarse crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coarse crusher for crushing used home appliances such as used washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners to a certain size.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, household electrical appliances (waste electrical appliances) such as washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners and the like collected as oversized garbage have been mainly disposed of in landfills. Recycling has been requested from the viewpoint of effective use of resources.

[0003] When recycling these waste home appliances, it is preferable to crush them to a certain size at the initial stage in order to facilitate transportation and treatment in the next step.
In some cases, waste home appliances include hard materials that are difficult to crush, such as motors and compressors. So, conventionally,
After removing these solid materials by hand, a method of crushing using a crushing device or a small-capacity hammer shredder was common.

However, in the conventional method, since it is extremely complicated to manually remove a strong object such as a motor or a compressor by hand, it takes a lot of time and labor to perform the crushing process, and it is difficult to process a large amount. Processing efficiency was poor.

Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a method of directly crushing waste home electric appliances using a large-capacity hammer shredder is considered. However, this method not only requires facility and power costs, but also limits the location conditions of the facility in view of the effect on the surrounding environment due to the increase in vibration and noise and the risk of rupture of the compressor or the like. There is.

Therefore, without removing strong objects in advance,
If it is possible to realize a means of suppressing the generation of vibration and noise and reliably preventing the bursting of compressors etc., despite the method of directly crushing waste home appliances, it is efficient without being limited by the location conditions of equipment The crushing process can be performed.

In view of the above, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned demands. When waste household electric appliances are directly supplied, strong objects such as a motor and a compressor can be taken out without being crushed, while a resin such as a panel or the like can be taken out. It is an object of the present invention to provide a coarse crushing apparatus which can be crushed to a certain size and separated from a strong material and taken out separately.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems,
The coarse crushing apparatus according to the present invention has a rotatable crushing rotor 20 having a plurality of rotary blades 27 on an outer peripheral surface on a path P in which an opening input portion 10 for inputting a crushing object is formed.
, And fixed blades 38,... Opposed to the rotary blades 27,..., Are crushed roughly by the rotary blades 27,. In the coarse crushing device configured to be discharged rearward, the shape of the fixed blades 38,..., And the shape of the fixed blades 38,.
The distance between the fixed blades 38,... And the crushing rotor 20 is set. In addition, behind the path P, the fixed blades 38 are arranged along the rotation locus of the rotary blades 27,. It is characterized in that screens 53 having different eye sizes are provided.

According to the coarse crushing apparatus having the above-described configuration, the crushing object is thrown into the opening insertion portion 10 and the rotary blades 27,.
After the crushing object is crushed to a certain size by 8,..., It is discharged to the rear of the path P.

However, the object to be crushed may include a hard material that is difficult to crush.
If this is also to be crushed, the burden on the crushing rotor 20 increases. Therefore, in the present invention,
The material is discharged to the rear of the path P without being crushed, and the other components are crushed to a certain size and discharged to the rear of the path P.

Therefore, the solid and the crushed material are mixed and discharged behind the path P. However, behind the path P, the screen 5 moves along the rotation locus of the rotary blades 27,.
The mixture after the crushing treatment is carried on the screen 53 by the rotation of the crushing rotor 20.

The screen 53 is set to have a mesh size at the front stage in the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 20 that allows the penetration of a strong material, and at the subsequent stage, the penetration of a crushed material larger than the strong material is performed. The mixture carried on the screen 53 by the rotating action of the crushing rotor 20 first removes the strong material from the screen 53, and then the crushed material 5
3 will fall off from another location.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an embodiment of a coarse crushing apparatus according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the coarse crushing apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided in a box-shaped apparatus frame 3 supported by four legs 2,. Crushing means, pressing means for pushing the crushed object into the crushing means, and separating means for separating the crushed crushed object according to the object.

The device frame 3 includes a plurality of square pipes 4.
a, ... are fixed in the shape of the sun and are fixed.
A plurality of flat plates 5a,... Are fixed to corners of the base frame 4 so that the legs 2,. 5 and a plate-like reinforcing frame 6 which is horizontally disposed between the parallel facing flat plates 5b, 5b (hereinafter referred to as side plates 5b, 5b) of the box frame 5, and connects the side plates 5b, 5b to each other. , ...

The box frame 5 has an opening at an upper portion so that an object to be crushed can be inserted into the box frame 5. The opening input section 10 and a crushing chamber 12 in the box frame 5 are provided.
The crushing object that has been input can be transferred from the opening input section 10 to the crushing chamber 12 by forming a path P that communicates with the crushing chamber 12.

The crushing chamber 12 is located substantially at the center of the box frame 5 and below the opening input section 10.
b, 5b and the like. Then, guide plates 6a, 6a, which constitute a part of each of the reinforcing frames 6, 6 which are arranged to face the opening input section 10, respectively.
The crushing object 6a is arranged in a tapered shape so as to be closer to the crushing chamber 12 side, so that the crushing object is guided by the guide plates 6a, 6a and supplied to the crushing processing suitable position in the crushing chamber 12. It has been done.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the crushing means includes a plurality of rotary blades 27 attached to the outer peripheral surface, and both ends of which are rotated by bearings in shaft supports 8, 8 fixed to the apparatus frame 3. It comprises a crushing rotor 20 freely supported and a fixed blade 38 attached to the upper end of the reinforcing frame 6 located below the crushing chamber 12.

Here, the crushing rotor 20 is mounted on the side plate 5.
b, 5b, and a cylindrical body 20a
Shaft 2 which is inserted into the shaft and is fixed concentrically with the cylindrical body 20a
Shafts 20b, 20b, which protrude from the side plates 5b, 5b, are supported by the shaft supports 8, 8 and connected to a hydraulic motor 9.

Here, the hydraulic motor 9 includes a crushing rotor 20.
Is controlled to rotate at a predetermined speed or less. The predetermined number of revolutions is preferably 30 rpm or less, and more preferably 20 rpm or less. Further, it is preferably at least 5 rpm, more preferably at least 10 rpm.

Specifically, the rotary blade 27 is detachably attached to the cylindrical body 20a via a blade holder 22 provided on the cylindrical body 20a of the crushing rotor 20.
The blade holder 22 is formed in a substantially triangular shape and has a cylindrical body 2.
0a has a cylindrical body 20a whose side is orthogonal to the outer peripheral surface.
And a projection 24 fixed to the back surface of the mounting seat 23 and the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 20a. The projection 24 has a function as a receiving seat for receiving a force acting on the mounting seat 23.

In the vicinity of the corner of the mounting seat 23, a through hole with a seat is formed from the back surface.
Female screw holes are formed corresponding to the through holes with seats, and the rotary blade 27 is fixed to the mounting seat 23 by fastening bolts.

On the front side of the mounting seat 23, a rotary blade 27 is provided.
A seating step 23a having a wall surface that can contact one side surface is formed, and a pin 2
5, a hole 23b into which the rotary blade 27 can be inserted.
A hole 27a corresponding to the hole 23b is drilled at a substantially central portion of the rotary blade 27 corresponding to the hole 23b while being attached to the seating step 23a.
Can be restricted, and the rotation of the rotary blade 27 with respect to the mounting seat 23 can be restricted by the contact between the seating step 23a and one side surface of the rotary blade 27.
, The rotary blade 27 can be suitably positioned.

Further, in order to prevent the tip of the rotary blade 27 from being broken at the time of crushing, three ends of the rotary blade 27 are cut into squares. It is also diced.

Further, the rotary blade 27 is made of, for example, a metal material such as tool steel or cemented carbide, so that two sizes of one side of about 275 mm or about 350 mm are facilitated. I have. The reason for this setting is to crush a component such as a resin, such as a panel, which mainly constitutes the appearance of the waste home electric appliance into a size of about 500 mm.

On the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 20a, on both sides of the mounting seat 23, a pair of guide plates 26,
26 are fixed in the circumferential direction.

Further, the blade holder 22 includes the cylindrical body 2
A plurality of rotating blades 27,... Are spirally mounted on the crushing rotor 20 in correspondence with the plurality of rotating blades 27,. It will be. Moreover, the plurality of blade holders 22,.
A corner of one side of the fixed side of the mounting seat 23 is located in substantially the same circumferential direction as a corner of the other side of the fixed side of the adjacent mounting seat 23 in the rotation axis direction. Therefore, when the crushing rotor 20 rotates, the plurality of rotary blades 27 have a saw blade shape in plan view.

Specifically, the fixed blade 38 is fixed to the square pipe 4a in the center of the base frame 4 and is attached to the upper edge of the reinforcing frame 6 located below the crushing chamber 12 through the blade clamp device 30. Thus, it is detachably attached to the device frame 3 side.

The blade clamping device 30 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 6, as in the case of the cylindrical body 20a of the crushing rotor 20, the mounting base 31 is disposed between the side plates 5b, 5b, and is formed so that a plurality of fixed blades 38,. And an adjusting device 32 for changing and adjusting the mounting position of the fixed blade 38 mounted on the mounting base 31.
And a fixing device 35 for fixing the fixed blade 38 to the mounting base 31.

The mounting base 31 is arranged in parallel with the crushing rotor 20 at a predetermined interval, and the edge located on the crushing rotor 20 side has a sawtooth shape in a plan view due to rotation. In order to allow the blades 27 to pass therethrough, the rotary blades 27 are formed in the shape of a saw blade having the same phase as the saw blade, and along this edge, a substantially triangular fixed blade 38 is formed. A seating step 31a is formed on the upper surface of the mounting base 31 so that a plurality of seats 31 can be arranged in parallel.

The seating step 31a of the mounting seat 31
A groove 31b is formed in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 20, while a fixed protrusion 38 is formed on the back surface with a horn-shaped projection 38a that can be inserted into the groove 31b. The rotor 20 is movable in the radial direction, and the interval between the rotor 20 and the rotary blade 27 can be changed.

The adjusting device 32 is a device capable of automatically moving the fixed blade 38.
1 is inserted through a cylinder 33 attached to the rear side surface of the seat 31 and a hole 31c formed in the mounting seat 31 to form the seating step 31.
The piston rod 34 is capable of protruding in the direction a of FIG.

At the tip of the piston rod 34, a flat plate 34a is screwed. The flat plate 34a is attached to a fixed blade 38, and the fixed blade 38 is moved by the hydraulic operation of the piston rod 34. It is configured to move back and forth.

The fixing device 35 is a device capable of restricting the movement of the fixed blade 38 positioned at a desired position. The fixing device 35 includes a cylinder 36 mounted on the lower surface of the mounting base 31 and a mounting base 31. T-grooves that are inserted into the notch grooves 31d formed along the moving direction of the fixed blade 38 from the respective tips of the saw blades and that can enter the seating step 31a and are formed in the fixed blade 38 And a clamp rod 37 having at its tip an enlarged portion 37a that can be engaged in the inside 38b.

Therefore, the clamp rod 37 is moved to the
1a, the T-shaped groove 38b of the fixed blade 38 is locked by the enlarged portion 37a of the clamp rod 37, so that the fixed blade 38 is pulled toward the bottom side of the seating step 31a, and While being fixed (clamped) to the table 31,
If the clamp rod 37 moves in the direction to advance into the seating step portion 31a, the engagement state between the T groove 38b and the enlarged portion 37a is released, and the fixed blade 38 is fixed to the mounting seat 31. Release (clamp release).

The piston 37b inserted into the cylinder 36 is urged by the elastic body 40 in the direction in which the expanding portion 37a advances to the seating step 31a, so that no hydraulic pressure is supplied to the cylinder 36. At times, the clamp is released, and the fixed blade 38 is slid against the enlarged portion 37a of the clamp rod 37,
The fixed blade 38 becomes detachable.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the pressure supply means is disposed between the side plates 5b and 5b, from the vicinity of the charging section 10 on the path P to the crushing chamber 12, and
The pressing plate 42 is rotatably supported by b and 5b, and includes a swing cylinder 43 that swings the pressing plate 42 in a direction of coming and coming from the crushing rotor 20.

The pressing plate 42 is formed by bending a single flat plate into a substantially U-shape when viewed from the side, and on the back side (the side opposite to the crushing rotor 20).
Are provided with a plurality of substantially U-shaped reinforcing ribs 45,... At predetermined intervals in parallel with each other.
Brackets 46 are provided on both sides of the surface of the
The brackets 46 are fixedly mounted, and the brackets 46, 46 are supported by pins on the side plates 5b, 5b.

The other side 42b (crushing chamber 1) is bent.
2), a guide plate 2 on the crushing rotor 20 is provided.
A plurality of guide plates 48,... Are fixed at predetermined intervals in parallel to the width direction (axial direction of the crushing rotor 20).

When the oscillating cylinder 43 is extended, the pressing plate 42 is inclined such that one side 42a extends on the input portion 10 side of the path P, and the other side 42a is inclined.
b swings to a position where the crushing chamber 12 is substantially vertical so as to approach the crushing rotor 20 while the oscillating cylinder 43 is contracted while the one side 42a is in the crushing chamber 12 of the path P. The crushing rotor 20 is separated from the crushing rotor 20 so that the crushing rotor 12 is separated from the crushing rotor 20 and the crushing chamber 12 is swung to an oblique position. Accordingly, when the swing cylinder 43 expands and contracts from the expanded state to the contracted state, the expansion of the path P gradually shifts from the charging section 10 to the crushing chamber 12.

The pressing plates 42 arranged substantially vertically.
The upper end of one side 42a is substantially in the shape of a square, and the path P
The plate body of the reinforcing frame 6 opposed to this is curved so that the upper end follows along with the swing. The lower end of the other side 42b of the pressing plate 42 is
It is substantially L-shaped, is bent to the side opposite to the path P, and the plate body of the reinforcing frame 6 facing the path P is also curved such that the lower end follows along with the swing. Therefore, a part of the crushing object or dust does not deviate from the path P due to the swing of the pressing plate 42.

The edge of the reinforcing frame 6 along which the lower end of the pressing plate 42 extends is substantially flush with the upper surface (the surface of the fixed blade 38) of the mounting base 31 of the blade clamp device 30.
Since the swing cylinder 4 is fixed to the mounting base 31,
The shattering object 3 is contracted, and the crushing object dropped on the reinforcing frame 6 is smoothly guided to the crushing rotor 20 side with the pressing of the pressing plate 42 by the extension of the swing cylinder 43.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the separating means is configured to bend the crushing rotor 20 and one flat plate into an approximately one-quarter arc shape and rotate the crushing rotor 20 from the blade clamping device 30. A screen 53 arranged so as to have a certain distance from the tip of the rotary blades 27,.
The back side of the screen 53 (the side opposite to the crushing rotor 20)
And two chutes 56 arranged side by side in the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 20.

The screen 53 is formed by aligning a plurality of rectangular cutout windows 54. The notch window 54 has a first notch window 54a (first discharge portion) formed on the upstream side in the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 20 and a second notch window formed on the downstream side in the rotation direction, and is larger than the first notch window 54a. And two notch windows 54b (second discharge portions). In the present embodiment, one of the first cutout windows 54a has a shape of about 250 mm square, and a row in which seven pieces are formed in the axial direction of the crushing rotor 20,
While three rows are formed in the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 20,
One of the second cutout windows 54b has a square of about 500 mm, and three rows formed in the axial direction of the crushing rotor 20 are formed only in one row in the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 20.

The reason why the size of the mesh of the screen 53 is changed is that a strong lump which does not require crushing (it is difficult to crush), such as a motor and a compressor, is formed by the first cutout window 54.
a (first discharge part), and a crushed material having a size of about 500 mm, which is a resin or the like of another panel, is taken out from the second cutout window 54b (second discharge part).

The chute 56 has a first chute 56a corresponding to the first notch window 54a and a second chute 56a.
The second chute 56b corresponding to the second chute 4b has different discharge ports, so that a strong substance and a crushed substance can be separated.

On the back side of the screen 53,
A plurality of reinforcing ribs 55 are provided in parallel in the axial direction and the rotational direction of the crushing rotor 20 at predetermined intervals so as not to interfere with the notch window 54. Of these, the downstream ends of the reinforcing ribs 55 provided on both ends of the screen 53 are supported by pins on the side plates 5b, 5b, while the reinforcing ribs provided on the upstream end of the screen 53 are provided. The rib 55 is fastened and fixed to the reinforcing frame 6 of the device frame 3 by a bolt or the like. Therefore, when the fastening at such a portion is released, the screen 53 can swing about the pin.

The coarse crushing apparatus according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration. Hereinafter, a method of using the coarse crushing apparatus will be described. It is necessary to adjust the distance between the rotary blades 27,... And the fixed blades 38,... Before the crushing process. In such a case, the fixing device 35 of the blade clamp device 30 is required.
The clamp of the fixed blade 38 is released by the
Then, the position of the fixed blade 38 is adjusted, and thereafter, the fixed blade 38 is clamped by the fixing device 35 again.

First, waste home electric appliances collected and transported by a collection vehicle or the like are introduced into the introduction section 10 and accommodated in the apparatus frame 3.

At this time, the crushing rotor 20 is rotating,
Further, the oscillating cylinder 43 of the pressure supply means repeats the expansion and contraction operation. Then, the swing cylinder 43 contracts,
The crushing chamber 12 is in an expanded state, and the object to be crushed is
Before the crushing rotor 20, that is, between the crushing rotor 20 and the other side 42 b of the pressing plate 42, the crushing target is pressed and supplied to the crushing rotor 20 side when the swing cylinder 43 is extended. , Rotary blade 27, ... and fixed blade 38,
The crushing is performed.

If an overload of the motor 9 is detected during the crushing, the oscillating cylinder 43 is rotated so that the crushing rotor 20 is temporarily reversely rotated and the pressing plate 42 is retracted.
Is controlled to temporarily contract, and the rotary blade 2
When biting occurs between 7 and the fixed blade 38,
The fixed blade 38 is temporarily retracted by the blade clamp device 30 (to increase the interval between the fixed blade 38 and the rotary blade 38).

Further, the crushing rotor 20 is controlled to be rotated for a predetermined time at predetermined intervals so that crushed material or the like does not bite between the rotary blade 27 and the fixed blade 38.
Specifically, when the crushing rotor 20 is driven and, for example, 3 minutes (predetermined time) elapses, the crushing rotor 20 is controlled to reverse, for example, for 5 seconds (constant time).

When the crushing rotor 20 is reversed as described above, the crushed object caught on the fixed blade 38 is separated upward by the projection 24 provided on the crushing rotor 20.

In the actual crushing process, there are many items that can be empirically obtained. Therefore, the forward / reverse rotation control of the crushing rotor 20, the expansion / contraction control of the oscillating cylinder 43 of the pressing / supplying means, the control of the blade clamping device, The control between these
The contents can be arbitrarily changed.

Then, the rotary blades 27,... And the fixed blades 38,.
The object to be crushed is gradually dismantled by the shearing action of the above, and components such as a resin such as a panel and a strong material such as a motor and a compressor are decomposed, and the former is crushed by a blade, and While moving to the screen 53 at the rear, the strong material passes through the gap between the cylindrical body 20a of the crushing rotor 20 and the fixed blades 38, without being crushed, and moves to the screen 53.

Otherwise, in the area of the first cutout window 54a,
Strong objects having a size of about 250 mm square or less, such as a motor and a compressor, fall out of the first cutout window 54a and fall into the chute 5.
6a, the crushed material such as a resin such as a panel that passes through this area moves to the area of the second notch window 54b, where only the crushed pieces having a size of about 500 mm square or less are removed from the second notch window 54b. It falls off from 54b and is collected by chute 56b. Then, the crushed material that did not fall off from any of the cutout windows 54 will have a size of 500 mm square or more, and is returned again into the crushing chamber 12 by the rotating action of the crushing rotor 20, It will be further crushed.

As described above, according to the coarse crushing apparatus according to the present embodiment, the waste electric home appliances are directly inputted and crushed without removing the hard objects, such as the motor and the compressor, which are difficult to crush in advance. It is very useful because it can be separated into a solid and a solid.

Further, since it is not necessary to crush the strong object, the noise and vibration generated can be suppressed by reducing the output of the motor, and there is no possibility of the rupture of the strong object. This has the effect of not being restricted by the location conditions.

The crushing process which has passed between the rotary blade 27 and the fixed blade 38 and which has been subjected to the crushing process is automatically separated by the carrying action of the crushing rotor 20 and the structure of the screen 53. Therefore, there is an effect that a special separating device and a sorting device are not required, and the size of the device and the plant including the same can be reduced.

Further, since the crushing rotor 20 is controlled so as to rotate at a rotation speed of 30 rpm or less, there are few scratches and breakage of the discharged solid material.

Further, according to the pressing plate 42 of the pressing and supplying means according to the present embodiment, the crushing object can be pushed into the crushing rotor 20 side, so that the crushing process can be continuously performed. Due to the rocking of the path P, the path on the side of the input section 10 of the path P is expanded and contracted. Therefore, when the crushing object is caught near the input section 10, this can be resolved and sent to the crushing chamber 12 side. In addition, the processing capacity of the crushing process can be improved.

The crushing rotor 20 has a blade holder 2
By arranging a pair of guide plates 26 on both sides of 2, a strong object can be guided between the guide plates 26, 26, and in such a case, the guided solid object is Is easily discharged to the screen 53 from between the two fixed blades 38, 38 corresponding to each other.
It is possible to preferably prevent frequent repetition of normal rotation and reverse rotation of the crushing rotor 20 due to occurrence of overload of the motor 9 by being sandwiched between the crushing rotor 20 and the fixed blade 38, thereby reducing the processing efficiency. Can be suitably prevented. The guide plates 48 provided on the pressing plate 42 have the same effect.

Furthermore, since the screen 53 has one end swingably supported by the apparatus frame 3, the complexity of performing maintenance such as cleaning and inspection between the crushing rotor 20 and the screen 53 is eliminated. It has the advantage of being done.

Further, since the rotary blade 27 can be used for crushing a total of six corners on the front and back, when each part is worn or broken, it can be replaced with another part. The crushing process can be performed by the rotary blade 27 for a long time.

Further, since the fixed blades 38 are provided with the blade clamp devices 30 one by one, various controls are performed, that is, the positions of the fixed blades 38 are changed independently or in association with each other. Although control can be performed, from the viewpoint of simplification of the structure, two to four fixed blades 38,
May be formed in an integral saw blade shape, and one blade clamp device 30 may be provided for this. Also,
The fixed blades 38,... Do not necessarily need to be continuously arranged, and may be partially omitted in order to more reliably and smoothly pass a strong object.

Further, the adjusting device 3 of the blade clamp device 30
2, the interval between the rotary blade 27 and the fixed blade 38 can be automatically set.
Since the fixing of the fixed blades 38 can be automatically set, there is an advantage that the installation work of the plurality of fixed blades 38,. In this case, the adjusting device 3
2, the adjustment allowance can be arbitrarily changed, but it is preferable to secure an adjustment allowance of about 60 mm at the maximum, and the clamping force of the fixing device 35 is also arbitrarily determined according to the material of the blade and the type of the object to be crushed. Can be changed.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be changed in design without departing from the gist of the invention, and the shape and material of the blade are not limited.

In the above embodiment, the pressing plate 42
Is swingably mounted on the reinforcing frame 6 along which the lower end of the pressing plate 42 extends. However, if the mounting position of the swing cylinder 43 with respect to the reinforcing frame 6 is adjusted, a suitable pressing force can be obtained. An embodiment is obtained. That is, if the swing cylinder 43 is mounted with the extension direction of the swing cylinder 43 and the swing direction of the pressing plate 42 matched, the operating force related to the extension of the swing cylinder 43 is directly applied to the pressing force of the pressing plate 42. As a result, the object to be crushed can be pressed with the maximum force. In the case where the swing cylinder 43 itself swings greatly with the extension, the swing cylinder 43
If the swing cylinder 43 is mounted so as to be substantially horizontal in the vicinity where the amount of extension of the shaft becomes maximum, the same effect as described above can be obtained. Further, if the connecting position between the pressing plate 42 and the tip of the oscillating cylinder 43 is set at substantially the same height as the rotation center of the crushing rotor 20, a more preferable pressing mode can be obtained.

The projection 24 fixed to the back surface of the mounting seat 23 in the above embodiment is not an essential component in the present invention.
In addition, it is preferable to provide the protrusion 24 for releasing an object clogged by the fixed blade 38 by reverse rotation. In addition,
In the above embodiment, the projection 24 has a function as a receiving seat and is fixed to the back surface of the mounting seat 23 in parallel with the outer peripheral surface circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 20a. The configuration can be changed as appropriate in the invention described in claim 5. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A, the protrusion 24 can be fixed to the cylindrical body 20a of the crushing rotor 20 with a slight inclination with respect to the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, the shape of the protruding portion 24 can be a shape having an arc portion on its upper surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, the protrusion 24 is fixed to the protrusion main body 24a fixed to the cylindrical body 20a of the crushing rotor 20, and is fixed to the upper part of the protrusion main body 24a to the fixed blade 38 at the time of reverse rotation. It is also possible to comprise a jammed object and an abutting member 24b that abuts. FIG.
Although the contact member 24b shown in (c) has a substantially inverted V-shape, it is also possible to employ, for example, a plate-shaped contact member 24b that is fixed to the projection main body 24a at an angle. . Further, instead of fixing the contact member 24b, the outer edge of the projection main body 24a may be chamfered, chamfered, and rounded.

Further, in the present invention, as described in claim 6, between the first discharge portion 54a and the second discharge portion 54b of the screen 53, a hard material that is difficult to crush is placed in the second discharge portion 5a.
It is preferable to provide a baffle plate 59 for preventing movement to the 4b side. FIG. 8 shows a specific example in which the baffle plate 59 is provided. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the screen 53 has a first discharge portion 54a and a second discharge portion 54b.
Between the crushing rotor 20 and the baffle plate 59
Is protruding. The baffle plate 59 shown in FIG. 8 is formed of a plate-shaped member, but may be formed of, for example, a saw blade-shaped member. Further, it is preferable that the amount of protrusion of the baffle plate 59 be changed and adjusted.

Further, in the present invention, the crushing rotor 20 may be provided with a sub-cutter 28 for cutting a long cord-like long object wound with a fixed blade 38 such as a power cord. It is possible. 8 to 10 show specific examples in which the sub cutter 28 is provided. In the example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the sub cutter 28 is detachably attached to the cylinder 20 a via a sub cutter holder 29 provided on the cylinder 20 a of the crushing rotor 20. The sub cutter holder 29 is formed in a substantially square shape, and one side thereof is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 20a so as to be orthogonal to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 20a (parallel to the axial direction). This sub cutter 28 (sub cutter holder 29)
9A is provided at a position corresponding to the protruding portion (triangular corner portion) of the fixed blade 38 as shown in FIG. 9A, and is located at a position facing the fixed blade 38 by the rotation of the crushing rotor 28. , And a fixed blade 38 so that a long object can be cut. Note that the invention described in claim 7 is not limited to the above configuration. That is, for example, as shown in FIG.
Can be formed so that the wound long object can be easily moved to the recess 28a. Further, the sub-cutter 28 may be provided, for example, over the entire length of the cylindrical body 20a of the crushing rotor 20 in the axial direction.

[0071]

As described above, the coarse crushing apparatus according to the present invention is used for roughly crushing an object to be crushed on the path by the shearing action of the rotating blade and the fixed blade, and discharging the object to the rear of the path. The hard material, which is difficult to crush, contained in the object can be discharged to the rear of the path as it is, and the size of the eyes in the rotation direction of the crush rotor along the rotation trajectory of the rotary blade behind the path. Since different screens are provided, the strong material and the crushed crushed material are mixed and discharged to the rear of the path, and then the mixture is carried on the screen by the rotation of the crushing rotor, and the difference is caused by the difference in eyes. Both can be separated.

Therefore, since the mixture is separated by the combination of the rotating action of the crushing rotor and the screen, a separate separation device and a sorting device are not required, and the size of the device and the plant using the device can be reduced. be able to.

By setting the shape of the fixed blade and the interval between the fixed blade and the crushing rotor, it is not necessary to crush a strong material, and the rotational output of the crushing rotor can be reduced. By suppressing the generation of vibration and noise, it is possible to eliminate restrictions on the location conditions of the equipment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a coarse crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional plan view of the same embodiment with the crushing rotor removed;

FIG. 4 is a crushing rotor of the embodiment, wherein (A) is:
The principal part top view, (b) is a principal part sectional side view.

FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of the fixed blade support mechanism of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the crushing rotor, and FIG. 7 (a) is a plan view of a main part showing an example of a projecting portion attached at an angle;
(B) is a cross-sectional side view of a main part showing an example in which a projection having an arc-shaped surface is attached to the upper part, and (C) is a vertical end face of the projection showing an example of a projection having a contact member. FIG.

FIG. 8 shows a coarse crushing apparatus according to another embodiment, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is a cross-sectional side view.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of the crushing rotor and the fixed blade of FIG. 8,
(A) is an enlarged plan view of a main part, and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of (A).

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a sub cutter according to another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

3 ... device frame, 5b ... side plate, 6 ... reinforcement frame,
10 ... opening input part, 12 ... crushing chamber, 20 ... crushing rotor,
20a: cylindrical body, 22: blade holder, 24: protrusion, 2
4a: Projecting portion main body, 24b: Contact member, 26: Guide plate,
27: rotary blade, 28: sub cutter, 28a: recess, 29
… Sub cutter holder, 30… Cutting tool clamp device, 32…
Adjusting device, 35 fixing device, 38 fixing blade, 42 pressing plate, 43 swing cylinder, 48 guide plate, 53 screen, 54 cutout window, 54a first cutout window (first discharge portion) , 54b: second cutout window (second discharge portion), 56a: first chute, 56b: second chute, 59: baffle plate

────────────────────────────────────────────────── (5) References JP-A-9-313968 (JP, A) JP-A-50-70961 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 18/00-25/00 B09B 1/00-B02C 5/00 B07B 1/00-15/00

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rotatable crusher having a plurality of rotary blades (27,...) On an outer peripheral surface on a path (P) in which an opening input portion (10) for inputting a crushing target is formed. Rotor (2
0) and a fixed blade (3) facing the rotary blade (27,...).
8,...) Are provided, and the input crushing object is roughly crushed by the rotating blades (27,...) And the fixed blades (38,...), And is discharged behind the path (P). In order to make it possible to discharge the hard-to-crush hard material contained in the object to be crushed to the rear of the path (P), the shape of the fixed blade (38,...) And the fixed blade ( 38,
) And the crushing rotor (20) are set, and furthermore, behind the path (P), they are arranged along the rotation trajectory of the rotary blades (27,...), And the crushing rotor (20) A coarse crusher characterized by comprising screens (53) having different eye sizes in the rotation direction. 2. A path (P) on the side of the crushing rotor (20).
In order to press and supply the object to be crushed inside, a pressing plate (4) which is partly supported in a swingable manner and which is
2. The coarse crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a pressurizing / supplying means comprising 2) and a cylinder (43) for swinging the pressing plate (42). 3. A mounting seat (31) for seating the fixed blade (38) and a crushing rotor (2) for fixing the fixed blade (38).
0) A cutter clamping device (30) including an adjusting device (32) for changing the position along the radial direction and a fixing device (35) for fixing the fixed blade (38) to the mounting base (31). The coarse crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed blade (38) is fixed on the path (P) via ()). 4. The crushing rotor (20) is set at 30 rpm.
The coarse crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coarse crushing device is controlled to rotate at the following rotation speed. 5. The crushing rotor (20) is provided with a projection (24) for rotating the reverse rotation to release an object caught in the fixed blade (38). A coarse crushing apparatus according to item 1. 6. The screen (53) includes a first discharge portion (54a) for discharging hard-to-crush hard substances contained in a crushing target, a fixed blade (38), and a rotary blade (27,...).
And a second discharge part (54b) for discharging the crushed material roughly crushed by the first discharge part (54b).
A baffle plate (59) is provided between a) and the second discharge portion (54b) to prevent a hard material that is difficult to crush from moving toward the second discharge portion (54b). Item 6. The coarse crusher according to any one of Items 1 to 5. 7. The crushing rotor (20) is provided with a sub-cutter (28) for cutting a wound string-like long object with a fixed blade (38). The coarse crusher according to any one of the above. 8. The coarse crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing rotor (20) is controlled to rotate reversely at predetermined time intervals.