JP3264529B2 - Oil and fat decomposition method and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for decomposing fats and oils for continuously decomposing fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerin, and to an apparatus for improving the degree of decomposition and shortening the decomposition time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A countercurrent type oil / fat cracking apparatus including a cracking tower, a fat / oil supply port provided at a lower portion of the cracking tower, and a cracked water supply port provided at an upper portion of the cracking tower has been conventionally used. . In this cracking device, the fat and oil supplied from the fat and oil supply port and rising inside the cracking tower reacts with the cracked water supplied from the cracked water supply port and descending inside the cracking tower to form glycerin and fatty acids. Is decomposed into

[0003] In such a countercurrent type oil / fat cracking apparatus, if the flow of the cracked water and the fats and oils inside the cracking tower becomes uneven, the distribution of the cracked water and the fats and fats inside the cracking tower becomes uneven. Therefore, the degree of decomposition is reduced. Therefore, it has been proposed that the inside of the cracking tower is divided into a plurality of sections by partitions along the vertical direction, thereby preventing the uneven flow of the cracked water and the fat and oil, and improving the degree of cracking (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-51595). Reference).

However, when the inside of the cracking tower is partitioned by partitions along the vertical direction, the partition suppresses the mixing of the upward flow of oil and fat and the downward flow of cracked water, so that the interface between the cracked water and the fat and oil is reduced. Update is suppressed. Therefore, there is a problem in that the residence time of the decomposed water and oils and fats necessary for obtaining a desired degree of decomposition in the decomposing tower becomes long, and the productivity is reduced.

[0005] In view of the above, there has been proposed an oil / fat decomposition apparatus in which packing having voids is disposed inside a decomposition tower at an interval above and below. This prevents decomposition water and fats from flowing unevenly by the filling, and improves the decomposition degree and shortens the decomposition time by renewing the interface between the decomposition water and the fats and oils in the filling. (Tokusho Sho 63)
-501084).

[0006]

However, in the case where the interface between oil and fat and the decomposed water is renewed by using the filler having the above-described void, the size and distribution of the void, the oil and the decomposed water are degraded. Depending on the conditions such as the flow rate, the flow of the fats and oils and the decomposed water in the gap is biased to lower the degree of decomposition, and a flooding phenomenon occurs in which the decomposed water is lifted by the upward flow of the fats and oils. That is, since the condition for performing stable operation is affected by the structure of the packing, the condition range in which stable operation can be performed is extremely small, and there is a disadvantage that the operation capability range of the device is limited. Furthermore, since impurities contained in fats and oils accumulate in the packing,
There are drawbacks in that the flow of oils and fats and the decomposed water are biased, and that the burden of maintenance such as replacement and cleaning of the filler is increased.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for decomposing fats and oils which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for continuously decomposing oils and fats supplied from a lower part of a cracking tower by reacting with a cracked water supplied from an upper part of the cracking tower. A plurality of phase conversion units are arranged along the up and down direction, and each phase conversion unit converts the decomposed water descending in the dispersed phase into a continuous phase, and then converts it again into a dispersed phase,
In addition, after the fats and oils rising in the continuous phase are phase-converted to the dispersed phase, they are again phase-converted to the continuous phase. Each of the phase change units converts the decomposed water from a dispersed phase to a continuous phase by a first phase change member formed of a bubble bell stage, and also converts a fat or oil from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase. It is preferred to phase convert the cracked water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase at a location.
It is preferable that the continuous phase of the decomposed water is guided below the bubble bell stage by a tubular member penetrating the bubble bell stage. Each phase conversion unit preferably converts the decomposed water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase by a second phase conversion member having a sheave plate.
A bottom wall whose second phase conversion member receives the decomposed water in a continuous phase state, a cylindrical intermediate wall attached to the bottom wall, and a cylindrical inner wall disposed at an interval inside the intermediate wall; A sheave plate is disposed below the bottom wall, and the decomposed water in the continuous phase is guided to the sheave plate from between the intermediate wall and the inner peripheral wall, and the oil and fat rising in the continuous phase is contained therein. It is preferable to guide the first phase change member from below the second phase change member through the oil / fat channel inside the peripheral wall.

The present invention provides a counter-current type oil / fat cracking apparatus comprising a cracking tower, a fat / oil supply port provided at a lower part of the cracking tower, and a cracked water supply port provided at an upper part of the cracking tower. Phase conversion units are arranged vertically inside the decomposition tower, and each phase conversion unit converts the decomposition water falling inside the decomposition tower in a dispersed phase into a continuous phase and rises in a continuous phase. A first phase conversion member for phase-converting the fats and oils to be dispersed into a dispersed phase, a guide member for guiding the decomposed water in a continuous phase below the first phase conversion member, and a lower portion of the first phase conversion member by the guide member. A second phase conversion member for phase-converting the introduced cracked water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase, and an oil / fat flow path for guiding oil / fat rising in the continuous phase state from below the second phase conversion member to the first phase conversion member. Have Preferably, the first phase change member is constituted by a bubble bell stage. Preferably, the guide member is constituted by a cylindrical member penetrating the bubble bell step. The second phase change member has a sheave plate,
Preferably, the sieve plate converts the cracked water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase. A bottom wall whose second phase conversion member receives the decomposed water in a continuous phase state, a cylindrical intermediate wall attached to the bottom wall, and a cylindrical inner wall arranged at an interval inside the intermediate wall; A sheave plate is disposed below the bottom wall, and a continuous phase of decomposed water is guided to the sheave plate from between the intermediate wall and the inner peripheral wall, and the inside of the inner peripheral wall is an oil / fat flow path. It is preferred that

In the description of the present invention, fats and oils refer not only to raw fats and oils supplied to a cracking tower, but also to fats and oils composed of raw fats and oils and fatty acids generated by a decomposition reaction. Decomposed water is not only water for fat and oil decomposition supplied to the decomposition tower, but also water for fat and oil decomposition and water containing steam supplied to the decomposition tower for heating and glycerin generated by fat and oil decomposition. Also say.

As the raw material fat or oil supplied to the cracking tower, for example, one of fats and oils such as beef tallow, lard (lard), fish oil, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil and the like, or a mixture thereof is used. However, the present invention is not limited to these. The pressure inside the decomposition tower is about 40kg
/ Cm ² G to 60 kg / cm ² G (gauge pressure), but is not limited thereto.
The temperature inside the decomposition tower is preferably set to about 240 ° C. to 270 ° C., but is not limited to this. The weight% of the decomposition water supplied per unit time to the decomposition tower is preferably set to about 30% to 100%, more preferably to 40% to 85%, but is not limited to this. It is not something to be done.

[0012]

The method of the present invention is performed by the apparatus of the present invention. That is, in each phase conversion unit, cracked water falling in a dispersed phase state in fats and oils rising in a continuous phase state inside the cracking tower is converted into a continuous phase by the first phase conversion member. The decomposed water that has become the continuous phase is guided to the second phase conversion member below the first phase conversion member by the guide member, and the second phase conversion member converts the continuous phase into the dispersed phase again. The fat or oil that rises in a continuous phase inside the cracking tower is guided from below the second phase conversion member to the first phase conversion member through the fat or oil flow path, and dispersed from the continuous phase by the first phase conversion member. The phase is converted to a phase. The fat or oil that has become the dispersed phase rises in the decomposed water that has become the continuous phase, reaches the interface where the decomposed water undergoes phase conversion from the dispersed phase to the continuous phase, and becomes the continuous phase again.

As a result, the transfer of substances such as glycerin generated by the reaction between the decomposed water and the fat or oil between the fat or oil and the decomposed water is promoted, and the decomposition time is shortened. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, when the decomposed water 2 is present in the dispersed phase state, that is, as droplets, in the fat and oil 1 in the continuous phase state, glycerin generated by the decomposition reaction occurring in the fat and oil 1 progresses in the decomposition reaction. As shown by the arrow in the figure,
From the decomposed water 2. Then, the glycerin concentration at the boundary of the decomposed water (indicated by hatching in the figure) 3 gradually increases, and the moving speed of the reaction product such as glycerin from the fat 1 to the decomposed water 2 decreases. In order to cope with this, according to the present invention, the decomposition water 2 existing as the dispersed phase is phase-converted into the continuous phase, and is again phase-converted into the dispersed phase.
The glycerin concentration in the droplet-shaped decomposed water 2 can be made uniform, and the mass transfer between the fat and oil 1 and the decomposed water 2 can be promoted.

Further, mass transfer of glycerin and the like is promoted when the decomposed water changes from the dispersed phase to the continuous phase and at the time of formation of droplets that change to the dispersed phase again. Such mass transfer is further promoted by providing a plurality of phase change units.

[0015] Even if the disaggregated water in the dispersed phase coalesces or the flow of the fat and oil and the decomposed water occurs between the upper and lower portions of each phase conversion unit, the decomposed water is uniformly dispersed in each phase conversion unit. And correct the bias of the flow of fats and oils and decomposed water. Thus, the boundary area between the fat and oil and the decomposed water can be prevented from decreasing and a large boundary area can be maintained, so that the mass transfer between the decomposed water and the fat and oil can be promoted.

Further, the decomposed water converted into the continuous phase by the first phase change member is guided to the second phase change member by the guide member,
The fat or oil that rises in the continuous phase state is guided to the first phase conversion member from below the second phase conversion member through the fat or oil flow path. That is, in each phase conversion unit, the flow of the decomposed water and the flow of the fat and oil are separated. Thus, the flooding phenomenon in which the rising oil or fat pushes up the decomposed water does not occur, and the uneven flow of the decomposed water and the oil or fat can be prevented by uniformly performing each phase conversion of the decomposed water and the oil or fat.

Further, the presence of each phase conversion unit can prevent the oil and fat from flowing upward without efficiently contacting the decomposed water and prevent the decomposed water from flowing downward without contacting the oil and fat efficiently. it can. Further, the presence of the plurality of phase conversion units can prevent the flow of the fat and oil and the decomposed water between the upper and lower parts of each phase conversion unit, thereby suppressing the back-mixing of the fat and oil and the decomposed water in the vertical direction. As a result, a reduction in the degree of decomposition can be prevented.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A countercurrent type oil / fat cracking apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a cracking tower 11, a fat / oil supply port 12 provided at a lower portion of the cracking tower 11, and a cracked water supply port 13 provided at an upper portion of the cracking tower 11. And The fat and oil supplied from the fat and oil supply port 12 rises inside the cracking tower 11, and the cracked water supplied from the cracked water supply port 13 descends inside the cracking tower 11, and the fat and oil react with the cracked water. This produces fatty acids and glycerin. An outlet 14 for the generated fatty acid is provided at the top of the decomposition tower 11, and an outlet 15 for glycerin water is provided at the bottom of the decomposition tower 11. Further, in order to raise and maintain the oil and fat and the decomposed water to a temperature suitable for the reaction, a plurality of high-pressure steam blowing ports 16 are provided on a side surface of the decomposition tower 11 in parallel in a vertical direction.

By providing a heat exchange promoting member 17 at the upper end of the inside of the decomposition tower 11, heat exchange between the decomposition water supplied from the supply port 13 and the fatty acid removed from the removal port 14 is promoted. You. The heat exchange promoting member 17
Can be constituted by a bubble bell or a sieve plate.

A dispersing member 20 is provided below the heat exchange promoting member 17 to disperse the decomposed water into droplets. The dispersing member 20 can be constituted by, for example, a sheave plate having a large number of holes.

Below the dispersing member 20, a plurality of phase conversion units 21 are vertically spaced from each other. As shown in FIG. 2, each phase conversion unit 21 includes a first phase conversion member 22, a guide member 23, a second phase conversion member 24,
An oil / fat channel 25. The first phase conversion member 22 includes:
The decomposed water 2 descending in the dispersed phase state inside the cracking tower 11 is phase-converted into a continuous phase, and the fat and oil 1 rising in the continuous phase state is phase-transformed into a dispersed phase state. The guide member 23 guides the continuous phase of the decomposed water 2 below the first phase conversion member 22.
The second phase conversion member 24 converts the decomposition water 2 from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase. The oil / fat channel 25 guides oil / fat rising in a continuous phase state from below the second phase conversion member 24 to the first phase conversion member 22.

In this embodiment, the first phase change member 22
Is a partition plate 22a for vertically dividing the inside of the decomposition tower 11
And a large number of bubble caps 22b attached to the upper part of the partition plate 22a. When the partition plate 22a receives the decomposed water 2 descending in the dispersed phase state indicated by the arrow 61 in the figure, the decomposed water 2 becomes a continuous phase. Each of the bubble caps 22b has a cylindrical portion 22b "penetrating the partition plate 22a and a cylindrical portion 2b".
2b ", and an opening is formed at the bottom of the cap 22b '. The oil 1 rising in a continuous phase as indicated by an arrow 62 in FIG. ″ To reach above the partition plate 22a,
From the bottom opening of the cap 22b ', it is led into the continuous phase decomposed water 2 in the form of droplets. That is, the fat 1 becomes a dispersed phase. The fats and oils 1 in the dispersed phase state are indicated by arrows 6 in the figure.
As shown by 3, the decomposed water 2 ascends in the decomposed water 2 in the continuous phase state, and reaches the boundary surface 60 where the decomposed water 2 changes its phase from the dispersed phase to the continuous phase, and becomes the continuous phase again.

In the present embodiment, the guide member 23 is constituted by a cylindrical member that penetrates a portion eccentric from the center of the partition plate 22a. When the water level (that is, the boundary surface 60) reaches the upper end of the guide member 23, the decomposition water 1 in the continuous phase received by the partition plate 22a is indicated by an arrow 64 in FIG.
As shown by, it flows into the inside of the guide member 23 and is guided below the first phase change member 22.

In this embodiment, the second phase conversion member 24
Is arranged at a distance below the bottom wall 24 with a ring-shaped bottom wall 24a for dividing the inside of the decomposition tower 11 up and down, a cylindrical intermediate wall 24b attached to the inner periphery of the bottom wall 24a. Ring-shaped dispersion plate 24c to be
and a cylindrical inner peripheral wall 24d attached to the inner periphery of the inner wall 24c and arranged at an interval inside the intermediate wall 24b. The dispersion plate 24c is constituted by a sheave plate having a large number of holes. The bottom wall 24a receives the decomposed water 2 in a continuous phase state guided below the first phase change member 22 by the guide member 23. When the water level 66 reaches the upper end of the intermediate wall 24b, the decomposed water 2 received by the bottom wall 24a, as shown by an arrow 65 in the figure, is moved from between the intermediate wall 24b and the inner peripheral wall 24d to the bottom wall 24a.
To the bottom. Decomposed water 2 that has reached below the bottom wall 24a
Is converted from a continuous phase into a dispersed phase by the dispersion plate 24c to form droplets, and descends in the fat / oil 1 in the continuous phase state as shown by an arrow 61 in the figure.

The inside of the inner peripheral wall 24d is
5, and the flow of the rising oil / fat 1 as shown by the arrow 62 in the drawing is the first flow without intersecting with the flow of the falling decomposed water 2.
It reaches the phase conversion member 22. As a result, the fats and oils 1
Can be prevented.

According to the fat / oil decomposition apparatus 10 having the above structure, in each phase conversion unit 21, the cracked water 2 descending in a dispersed phase is phase-converted to a continuous phase by the first phase conversion member 22. The continuous phase decomposed water 2 is guided by the guide member 23 to the second phase conversion member 24 below the first phase conversion member 22. The second phase conversion member 24 converts the decomposed water 2 from the continuous phase to the dispersed phase again. In addition, the fat 1 rising in the continuous phase state is guided to the first phase conversion member 22 from below the second phase conversion member 24 through the fat / oil channel 25. The first phase conversion member 22 converts the fat or oil 1 from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase. The oil 1 in the dispersed phase state rises in the decomposed water 2 that has become the continuous phase, and reunites at the boundary surface 60 where the decomposed water 2 undergoes phase conversion from the dispersed phase to the continuous phase, and undergoes phase conversion to the continuous phase. Is done.

As described above, in each phase conversion unit 21, the fats and oils 1 and the decomposed water 2 are alternately converted into a dispersed phase and a continuous phase, whereby the reaction product between the fats and oils 1 and the decomposed water 2 is converted. Movement is promoted. Further, in each phase conversion unit 21, since the decomposed water 2 can be made into a uniform dispersed phase and the bias of the flow of the fat and oil 1 and the decomposed water 2 can be corrected, a large boundary area between the fat and oil 1 and the decomposed water 2 can be maintained. it can. Thereby, the movement of the reaction product is promoted, so that the decomposition degree can be improved with a small excess of water and the decomposition time can be shortened.

Further, since the flow of the fat and oil 1 and the flow of the decomposed water 2 are partitioned in each phase conversion unit 21, the flooding phenomenon can be prevented.

Further, the presence of the plurality of upper and lower phase conversion units 21 can prevent the oil and fat 1 and the decomposed water 2 from flowing up and down without efficiently contacting each other.

In the upper part of the decomposition tower 11 and in the vicinity of the steam inlet 16, since the flow of the fats and oils 1 and the decomposed water 2 tends to be turbulent, the influence of back mixing is large. Therefore,
In the vicinity thereof, it is preferable to reduce the interval between the phase conversion units 21 in order to prevent back mixing due to turbulence of the flow of the fats and oils 1 and the decomposition water 2.

The following Table 1 shows the degree of decomposition when the fat and oil is decomposed by the fat and oil decomposing apparatus 10 provided with the eight phase conversion units 21 (Examples 1 to 4), and the fat and oil without the phase conversion unit. 7 shows the degree of decomposition when fats and oils are decomposed by a decomposition device (Comparative Examples 1 to 3). Note that coconut oil was used as the fat or oil to be supplied to the decomposition tower. The main operating conditions that affect the degree of decomposition in fats and oils decomposition include the internal temperature of the cracking tower, the internal pressure of the cracking tower, the ratio of cracked water to fats and oils, and the residence time. It was shown to. The ratio of the decomposed water to the fat or oil is determined by the weight ratio (%) of the sum of the mass flow of water supplied from the upper part of the decomposer and the mass flow of steam supplied from the side of the decomposer for heating. ). Also,
The residence time was shown as a value (time) obtained by dividing the volume between the oil supply port at the bottom of the cracking tower and the cracked water supply port at the top of the cracking tower by the sum of the volume flow rate of the cracked water and the volume flow rate of the fat. . The degree of decomposition is determined by the acid value (A
V; Acid Value) is converted to a saponification value (SV; Sapo).
value (%)
As shown.

[0033]

[Table 1]

From the above Table 1, the effect of the fat and oil decomposition apparatus 10 according to the present invention can be confirmed. That is, the phase conversion unit 2
In the case where the phase conversion unit 21 is not provided, the residence time of 2.8 hours is required to reach the resolution of 97.5%, whereas when the phase conversion unit 21 is provided, the resolution of 97.8% is obtained. The required residence time is 1.6 hours (Example 1 and Comparative Example 1). When the phase conversion unit 21 is not provided, only 97.5% of the degree of decomposition is obtained with a residence time of 2.8 hours. On the other hand, when the phase conversion unit 21 is provided, the residence time is 2.4 hours. 99.1% degradation can be obtained in time. That is, in the example, a clearly higher degree of decomposition was obtained than in the comparative example (Example 2 and Comparative Example 1). Thereby, it can be confirmed that the phase conversion unit 21 clearly contributes to the improvement of the decomposition speed. In addition, since the fats and oils decomposer is usually a very large facility, even a change of 1% in the degree of decomposition has a very large effect on the production efficiency.

Further, when the phase conversion unit 21 is not provided, the decomposition degree is only slightly improved from 97.5% to 97.8% even if the residence time is increased (Comparative Examples 1 and 3). ), When the phase conversion unit 21 is provided, when the residence time is increased, the degree of decomposition is 97.8% to 99.8.
% (Examples 1 and 3). Thereby, it can be confirmed that the phase conversion unit 21 also contributes to the suppression of the back mixing.

Furthermore, when the phase conversion unit 21 is not provided, the degree of decomposition is greatly reduced when the ratio of the decomposed water is reduced (Comparative Examples 2 and 3). Decreasing the proportion of water has little effect on the degree of decomposition (Examples 3 and 4). Thereby, it can be confirmed that the provision of the phase conversion unit 21 requires only a small amount of decomposed water to obtain the same degree of decomposition.

In the third embodiment, as compared with the first embodiment, the flow rate of the oil and fat is changed by almost twice in order to change the residence time. There was no change in the interface between the oil and fat and the decomposed water. Furthermore, there was no increase in the water content of the fats and oils containing fatty acids as the main component taken out from the top of the cracking tower 11, and no oil droplets existed in the glycerin water taken out from the bottom of the cracking tower 11. Thereby, it can be confirmed that even if the supply amount of the raw material fat is increased, stable operation can be performed without causing a flooding phenomenon or the like in the decomposition tower 11.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

For example, the number of the phase change units 21 provided inside the cracking tower 11 is not particularly limited as long as it is plural, and is appropriately determined according to the amount of fats and oils to be treated and the size of the cracking tower 11.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a first modification of the phase conversion unit 21. The difference from the above embodiment is that
Reference numeral 0 denotes a ring-shaped bottom wall 30a for vertically dividing the inside of the decomposition tower 11, a cylindrical intermediate wall 30b attached to the inner periphery of the bottom wall 30a, and an intermediate wall attached to the lower end of the intermediate wall 30b. A plurality of distribution pipes 30c extending radially from the wall 30b, and a cylindrical inner peripheral wall 30d attached to an inner end of the distribution pipe 30c and arranged at an interval inside the intermediate wall 30b. I have. The inside of each distribution pipe 30c communicates between the intermediate wall 30b and the inner peripheral wall 30d, and a large number of dispersion holes 30e are formed on the lower surface of each distribution pipe 30c. Other parts are the same as those in the above embodiment, and the same parts are indicated by the same reference numerals.

In the first modification, the guide member 23
Decomposed water 2 in a continuous phase led to the bottom wall 30a by the
When the water level 66 reaches the upper end of the intermediate wall 30b, it reaches the distribution pipe 30c from between the intermediate wall 30b and the inner peripheral wall 24d as indicated by an arrow 65 in the figure. After that, pipe 3
The decomposed water 2 is dispersed by being introduced into the continuous phase oil / fat 1 from each of the dispersion holes 30e of 0c, and falls as droplets as shown by arrows 61 in the figure. Also, the inner peripheral wall 30d
Is formed as an oil / fat channel 25 '.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a second modification of the phase conversion unit 21. The difference from the above embodiment is that the guide member 23 'passes through the center of the partition plate 22a of the first phase conversion member 22. It has a cylindrical shape with a bottom. Further, a second phase change member 40 is attached to the lower end of the guide member 23 'and extends from the guide member 23' in a radial direction.
a. The inside of each distribution pipe 40a communicates with the inside of the guide member 23 '. Many distribution holes 40b are formed on the lower surface of each distribution pipe 40a. Pipe 40 for each minute
A portion between the circumferential directions of a is an oil / fat channel 25 ″. Other portions are the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In the second modification, when the water level 60 reaches the upper end of the guide member 23 ', the decomposed water 2 phase-converted to the continuous phase by the first phase conversion member 22 has an arrow 64 in the figure.
The guide member 23 'guides the distribution pipe 40a as shown in FIG. The decomposed water 2 is dispersed by being introduced into the fats and oils 1 in a continuous phase state from the respective dispersion holes 40b of the distribution pipe 40a, and falls as droplets as shown by arrows 61 in the figure. The fats and oils rising in the continuous phase state are indicated by arrows 62 in the figure.
As shown in the figure, the oil and fat flow path 2 between the circumferential direction of each distribution pipe 40a
5 "to the first phase change member 22.

FIG. 7 shows a modification of the second phase change members 30 and 40 in each of the modifications shown in FIGS. The difference from the above-described respective modified examples is that the distribution holes as described above are not formed in the distribution pipes 30c and 40a, but instead, the plurality of annular pipes 50 communicate with the interior of the distribution pipes 30c and 40a. Connected to each other, a large number of dispersion holes 5
0a is formed. Other parts are the same as those of the above-described modifications, and the same parts are indicated by the same reference numerals. Thereby, each distribution pipe 30c,
The decomposed water 2 in the continuous phase state led to 40 a reaches each annular pipe 50. Thereafter, the decomposed water 2 is dispersed into droplets by being guided from the respective dispersion holes 50a of the annular pipe 50 into the fats and oils 1 in a continuous phase.

[0045]

According to the present invention, the fats and oils and the decomposed water are alternately converted into a continuous phase and a dispersed phase by a plurality of upper and lower phase conversion units inside the decomposing tower. The degree of decomposition can be improved and the decomposition time can be shortened. In addition, since the flow deviation and the flooding phenomenon inside the decomposition tower can be prevented, stable operation can be performed in a wide range of operation conditions. Further, the maintenance burden is small due to the structure. Thereby, the degree of decomposition and quality of fats and oils can be improved without increasing the size of the decomposition tower, and high-concentration glycerin water can be obtained, so that equipment costs can be reduced. In addition, the yield in the purification of fatty acids and glycerin in a subsequent step can be improved, and the energy cost can be reduced. Further, since the present invention can be configured only by providing a phase conversion unit in the decomposition tower, existing equipment can be improved and implemented at a small cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory view of a countercurrent type oil / fat decomposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration explanatory view of a phase conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration explanatory view showing a first modification of the phase conversion unit.

FIG. 4 is a bottom view showing a first modification of the phase conversion unit.

FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory view showing a second modification of the phase conversion unit.

FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing a second modification of the phase conversion unit.

FIG. 7 is a bottom view showing a modification of the second phase change member.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 fat and oil 2 decomposed water 10 fat and oil decomposer 11 decomposition tower 12 fat and oil supply port 13 cracked water supply port 21 phase conversion unit 22 first phase conversion member 23, 23 ′ guide member 24 second phase conversion member 25, 25 ′, 25 ″ Oil flow path

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References Special Table Sho-63-501084 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C11C 1/04

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] When a fat or oil supplied from a lower part of a cracking tower is reacted with cracking water supplied from an upper part of the cracking tower and continuously decomposed, a plurality of phase conversion units are vertically arranged inside the cracking tower. Are arranged along with each other, and the phase conversion unit converts the decomposed water descending in the dispersed phase into a continuous phase, and then converts the dispersed water back into the dispersed phase, and converts the oil and fat rising in the continuous phase into the dispersed phase. And then subjecting the mixture to a continuous phase again. 2. Each of the phase change units converts a decomposed water from a dispersed phase to a continuous phase and a fat and oil from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase by a first phase conversion member constituted by a bubble bell stage. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed water is phase-converted from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase at a position below the bubble column. 3. The oil / fat decomposition method according to claim 2, wherein each phase conversion unit guides the continuous phase of the decomposed water to a position below the bubble bell stage by a cylindrical member penetrating the bubble bell stage. . 4. The fat or oil according to claim 1, wherein each phase conversion unit converts the decomposition water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase by a second phase conversion member having a sheave plate. Disassembly method. 5. A bottom wall in which the second phase conversion member receives decomposed water in a continuous phase state, a cylindrical intermediate wall attached to the bottom wall, and a space inside the intermediate wall. A tubular inner peripheral wall, and a sheave plate is disposed below the bottom wall, and the decomposed water in a continuous phase is guided to the sheave plate from between the intermediate wall and the inner peripheral wall, and rises in the continuous phase 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fats and oils are guided from below the second phase change member to the first phase change member via a fat and oil passage inside the inner peripheral wall. 6. 6. A counter-current type oil / fat cracking apparatus comprising a cracking tower, a fat / oil supply port provided at a lower part of the cracking tower, and a cracked water supply port provided at an upper part of the cracking tower, wherein a plurality of phase conversion units are provided. Are arranged along the vertical direction inside the cracking tower, and each phase conversion unit converts the cracked water falling in the dispersed phase state into a continuous phase inside the cracking tower into a continuous phase, and removes the oil and fat rising in the continuous phase state. A first phase conversion member that converts the phase into a dispersed phase, a guide member that guides the decomposed water that has been converted into a continuous phase below the first phase conversion member, and is guided below the first phase conversion member by the guide member. A second phase conversion member that converts the decomposed water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase, and an oil / fat channel that guides the oil / fat rising in the continuous phase state from below the second phase conversion member to the first phase conversion member. Characteristic countercurrent type oil and fat decomposition equipment. 7. The countercurrent type oil / fat decomposition apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first phase change member is formed by a bubble bell stage. 8. The countercurrent type oil / fat decomposition apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the guide member is constituted by a cylindrical member penetrating the bubble bell step. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second phase change member has a sieve plate, and the sieve plate converts the decomposition water from a continuous phase to a dispersed phase. Flow type fat and oil decomposition device. 10. A bottom wall in which the second phase conversion member receives decomposed water in a continuous phase state, a cylindrical intermediate wall attached to the bottom wall, and a space inside the intermediate wall. A tubular inner peripheral wall, a sheave plate is disposed below the bottom wall, and a continuous phase of decomposed water is guided to the sheave plate from between the intermediate wall and the inner peripheral wall; 10. The counter-current type oil / fat decomposition apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the device is an oil / fat channel.