JP3274586B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring surface temperature of object - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object such as clothing material, and more particularly, to a step change (a large slope) of a temperature and humidity environment which occurs when a person moves or an environment changes. Changes, for example, the rate of change is 1 ° C /
Second, humidity 5% RH / sec or more). It relates to a device for measuring the surface temperature of an object such as clothing caused by the change artificially, for example, the development of clothing materials and sanitary materials. It can be used for designing a fiber structure or developing a processing agent therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when measuring skin-side surface temperature characteristics of an object such as clothing, the sample (object) is placed in an arbitrarily set steady-state temperature and humidity environment, or a person moves. To simulate the temperature change on the skin side surface of an object such as clothes caused by a step change in the temperature and humidity environment that occurs when the environment changes, while contacting a sample with a thermometer and measuring the surface temperature, It has been performed to measure the temperature change on the surface of an object caused by transferring each measuring device to an environment with different temperature and humidity [“A Consideration on Clothing Method in Cold Environment” Morooka et al. Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Toyama University (B Science No. 37: 69-74 (1989)]. However, this method can measure large changes in surface temperature, but the heat capacity of the thermometer in contact with the sample is large,
Small changes in surface temperature cannot be measured. In addition, since the apparatus moves together, the scale becomes large, and it is impossible to quantitatively repeat changes in the temperature and humidity environment in a short time.

[0003]

When a person moves or the environment changes, the temperature / humidity environment outside the clothes changes, and the temperature of the skin side surface of an object such as clothes changes. As a result, a person transfers heat (radiant heat,
Perceived heat of conduction), feeling cold, warmth, etc. More specifically, due to a step-wise drop in the temperature environment, the temperature around an object such as clothing suddenly drops and the relative humidity rises sharply,
Moisture absorption occurs on the surface of the object, and the generation of heat of moisture absorption occurs for a short time. As a result, the surface temperature temporarily rises, the temperature difference with the human skin decreases, and the person feels warm.

The present inventors have studied the temperature characteristics between a person and the surface of an object as described above. As a result, in the summer, a person moves from outdoors to an indoor with cooling, and in winter, a person turns on a heater. It has been found that by moving from indoors to outdoors, the temperature and humidity environment outside the object such as clothing changes stepwise (for example, from 30 ° C. and 80% RH to 25 ° C. and 50% RH). .

[0005] In the conventional measuring apparatus, no measure has been taken to measure the instantaneous temperature change on the surface of the object at this time. Therefore, the instantaneous temperature characteristics generated on the surface of the object when the temperature and humidity environment outside the object such as the clothing is step-changed have not been known at all.

The present inventors have already developed a device for measuring the surface temperature of clothing materials and the like (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-274429). It is possible to measure the temperature change on the surface of an object under an unsteady temperature and humidity environment (within 0.04 ° C./sec and 3% RH / sec). It is not possible to measure the temperature change of a changing object surface.

As described above, when a person moves or the environment changes, a step change of the temperature and humidity changes in the surface area of the object, and when the object has hygroscopicity, the temperature decreases. When the humidity rises, the surface temperature rises due to moisture absorption, and when the humidity decreases due to the temperature rise, the temperature drops due to moisture release, and both work in the direction against the external environmental temperature fluctuation, so the thermal stress experienced by the human body To relax. It is also apparent from the Boltzmann equation shown below that this greatly affects the emission of radiant heat generated between two opposing surfaces.

Radiant heat R = δ [(T ₁ +273.15) ⁴ − (T ₂ +273.15) ⁴ ] · ε kcal / m ² h (1) T ₁ : Surface temperature of object I T ₂ : Body II surface temperature δ: Boltzmann's constant 4.88 × 10 ⁻⁸ kcal / m ² hk ε: emissivity When the temperature difference is 30 ° C. or less, it can be approximated by the following equation: R = hr (Ts−Tr) hr: 4.0 kcal / m ² h ° C (in the case of human) Ts: skin temperature Tr: environmental temperature

For example, when a temperature difference of 2.0 ° C. occurs between the two surfaces, the amount of radiant heat is converted to 8.0 kcal / m 2 per hour.
² h, which is equivalent to 20% of the basal metabolic rate in adults (40 kcal / m ² h), and the effect is large.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a step change in the temperature and humidity environment around an object caused when a person moves or the environment changes, and an object surface caused by any environmental temperature change that can occur in daily life. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object, which can measure even a minute temperature change.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides the above object,
This has been achieved by providing the following method of measuring the surface temperature of an object. The sample is arranged such that one surface is in a first environment and the other surface is in a second environment, wherein the first environment is variable in temperature and humidity, and the second environment is at least temperature the the 1 ℃ / sec or more及beauty humidity 5
% RH / sec or more variably and to, by varying the temperature of at least the second environment, the surface temperature of an object, characterized by measuring the temperature of the first surface of the sample at that time by the infrared radiation thermometer Measuring method.

Further, the present invention provides a preferred apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned surface temperature measuring method of the present invention, which comprises the following:
And a device for measuring the surface temperature of an object. A space portion A and a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion B via the communication portion 2 are provided. The space portion A is provided with a thermo-hygrostat A ', and the space portion B is a thermo-hygrostat B' and B "is separately provided, and the air of different temperature and humidity adjusted by each of the thermo-hygrostats B 'and B".
A temperature and humidity environment variable device 1 having a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space B. A sample is fixed to the communicating portion where the space A and the space B are in contact with each other, so that one surface of the sample is in the space A and the other surface is in the space B. Part 3. A surface temperature measuring unit 5 attached to the space A and fixing an infrared radiation thermometer 6 for measuring the temperature of one surface of the sample with the atmosphere of the space A interposed between the space A and the sample.

[0013]

According to the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention, an object (sample) is placed in a space and the temperature and humidity of the space are varied, whereby a person moves or the environment changes. It is possible to artificially create a change in the temperature / humidity environment outside the clothes which sometimes occurs, and measure the temperature change on the surface of the object caused by the change.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail based on embodiments.
First, an object surface temperature measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the temperature and humidity environment variable device constituting the device shown in FIG. 1 omitting a constant temperature and humidity device, and FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the device shown in FIG. And FIG.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing an outline of a heat radiator in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

The apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present embodiment includes a temperature / humidity environment variable device 1, a sample fixing section 3, and a surface temperature measuring section 5. The temperature and humidity environment variable device 1
Comprises a space portion A and a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion via the communication portion 2, and the space portion A is provided with a thermo-hygrostat A ', and the space portion B is provided with a thermo-hygrostat B 'And B "are separately attached, and the air of different temperature and humidity adjusted by each of the thermo-hygrostats B' and B".
It has a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space B. The sample fixing portion 3 fixes the sample to the communication portion where the space A and the space B are in contact with each other, and one surface of the sample exists in the space A. The surface temperature measuring unit 5 is attached to the space A and measures the temperature of one surface of the sample by interposing the atmosphere of the space A between the infrared temperature measuring unit 6 and the sample.
Is fixed.

In the space B, the other surface of the sample is switched by switching the flow of air of different temperature and humidity adjusted by the constant temperature and humidity apparatus B ′ or B ″ in correspondence with the communication section 2. There is provided a switching device B1 for changing the temperature and humidity of the space B in which the temperature and humidity of the air having different temperatures and humidity adjusted by the constant temperature and humidity devices B 'and B "are respectively provided. The switching device is a switching valve type switching device located between the two, and by tilting the valve toward the constant-temperature and constant-humidity device B ′ or B ″, the temperature and humidity of the space B can be changed stepwise. Device B
1 and the space (second environment) B
Is rapidly its temperature and humidity in a short time, specifically, certain 1 ° C. / sec or more及beauty Humidity at least temperature as possible variable 5% RH / sec or more.

In order to further shorten the transition time of the temperature / humidity fluctuation in the space B, the wall surface shared by the air having different temperatures / humidities is reduced to minimize the influence of the heat capacity.
It is preferable that the switching valve has a heat insulating structure. The switching device B ₁ represents may be a known method other than the switching valve.

Further, the variable temperature / humidity environment device 1 is provided with a heat radiating portion 7 having a heat radiating function for making the radiant heat to the sample 4 constant by interposing the space A above the sample fixing portion 5. Above the radiating section 7.
In the surface temperature measuring section 3, a fixture 8 to which the infrared radiation thermometer 6 is fixed is provided.

The device of the present embodiment will be described in more detail. Of the constant temperature and humidity devices A ', B' and B "attached to the spaces A and B, at least the constant temperature and humidity devices B 'and B" Has a function of varying the temperature and humidity of the space portion B with air having different temperatures and humidity adjusted respectively, and the sample fixing portion 3 holds the sample 4 on one surface in the space portion A and the other. The surface can be fixed to the communication portion 2 so that the surface exists in the space B. Constant temperature / humidity devices A ′ and B ′ in the temperature / humidity environment variable device 1;
B ″ is preferably of PID control.

The constant temperature and humidity apparatus A ', B', and B "preferably have a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space portions A and B, but may not have the variable function.

Further, the spaces A and B and the thermo-hygrostat A ',
B ′ or B ″, the air conditioned by the thermo-hygrostat A ′, B ′ or B ″ is supplied to the space A,
Circulating devices 9 are respectively provided in the spaces A and B to circulate through B through the circulating fans 9a to create an arbitrary environment. The circulation fan 9a is installed at the air outlet 9c so that the air flows as indicated by the arrow in FIG. Furthermore, the flow of air may be made laminar on the sample using a rectifier. The air conditioned by the thermo-hygrostats A ′ and B ′ or B ″ flows in through the inlet 9b, passes over the surface of the sample 4, and is circulated by the circulation fan 9a, as shown by the arrowheads in FIG. It returns to the thermo-hygrostat A 'and B' or B "respectively. Further, the fixture 8 for fixing the infrared radiation thermometer 6 in the surface temperature measuring section 5 can be focused on the infrared radiation thermometer 6 by a slide structure. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the fixture 8 is connected to a heat radiating section 7 having an optical path 10 for measurement. Optical path 10
May be designed so as not to hinder the measurement based on the focal length and the measurement angle, and is usually about 10 mm in diameter.
In addition, as shown in FIG.
a and a hollow structure having an outflow port 7b so that hot water whose temperature is controlled can be refluxed. As a method for controlling the temperature, a known method other than the hot water reflux method can be used. Further, on the bottom surface of the heat radiating section 7, a heat radiating plate 71 having good thermal conductivity such as a copper plate is provided as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the heat radiating plate 71 is coated with a black body paint (for example, JSC-1 of Japan Sensor Co., Ltd.) on the surface facing the sample 4 in order to approximate the emissivity of the skin.

The object surface temperature measuring device according to the present invention may be any one provided with the above-mentioned temperature and humidity environment variable device, the above-mentioned sample fixing portion and the above-mentioned surface temperature measuring portion to which the infrared radiation thermometer is fixed. It is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to those shown in the embodiments, and that various design changes that can be normally performed by those skilled in the art are possible. In addition, as a light receiving element of the infrared radiation thermometer 6, a thermopile, a pyroelectric element, a bolometer, or the like is used, and a pyroelectric element is particularly preferable.

Next, an embodiment of the method for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention will be described for the case where the apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is used. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the sample 4 is set on the fixed part 3, and a predetermined steady state in which the humidity is adjusted by the constant temperature and humidity apparatus A ′ in the space (first environment) A of the temperature and humidity environment variable apparatus 1. Is circulated by the circulation device 9 as shown by the arrow in FIG.
The predetermined air adjusted by the constant temperature and humidity apparatus B ′ or B ″ is alternately circulated in the space (second environment) B. The air circulated in the space A is in an unsteady state if necessary. It is preferable that the air flow velocity is such that the air flow velocity on the surface of the sample 4 is 0 to 100 cm / sec, and the spaces A and B eliminate the pressure difference. Preferably, the pressure in the space A or B may be increased as necessary to allow air to flow from the space A to the space B through the sample. A constant temperature water of 30 to 37 ° C. is refluxed and placed so that the radiant heat to the surface of the sample 4 becomes constant.

According to the measuring method of the present invention, as described above, the surface temperature of the sample 4 at that time is changed by the fixture 8 while varying at least the environment of the space B among the environments of the spaces A and B. The measurement is continuously performed by the infrared radiation thermometer 6 whose focus has been adjusted, and the characteristics of the sample surface with respect to environmental changes can be known from the measurement results.

The sample (object) to be measured by the method for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples include clothing materials, clothing, and sanitary materials.

Next, the effects of the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to test examples. [Test Example 1] A substance having sample hygroscopicity, especially fibers, has a small thermal conductivity when formed into an aggregate and is used as a heat insulating material. It is known that natural fibers have a difference in hygroscopicity as compared with synthetic fibers, but their function has not been studied in detail.
It is known that the higher the relative humidity, the more the moisture absorption. It is also known that heat is generated by moisture absorption. Furthermore, among the devices that measure the degree of temperature change on the surface of the fiber, there are devices that measure the temperature change in response to a lamp change of the environmental temperature and humidity. There is no known device for measuring minute temperature changes. Therefore, as a sample, a cotton woven fabric was used as a representative of high hygroscopicity, and a polyester woven fabric was used as a representative of low hygroscopicity.

Object Surface Temperature Measuring Device The object surface temperature measuring device of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 was used. In addition, Yamato Kagaku Co., Ltd.
REX manufactured by RKC Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd. as a controller for a small thermo-hygrostat IW220C and thermo-hygrostat B '
-F4, HUMDICIC CHAMBER IG-46M manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. as the constant temperature and humidity apparatus B ', and a radiation thermometer TR-0506C manufactured by Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. as the infrared radiation thermometer 6;
The distance between the sensor part and the sample surface is 17
It was adjusted to 0 mm, the inner diameter of the measuring optical path 10 was 10 mm, the material was copper, and the inner surface was polished to reduce the emissivity. The distance between the radiator plate and the sample was 10 mm, and the radiator plate used was a black body paint JSC-1 manufactured by Japan Sensor Co., Ltd. painted on the surface facing the sample.

Method for Measuring Surface Temperature of Object Using the above apparatus, a cotton woven fabric or a polyester woven fabric is fixed to the sample fixing portion 3 and the temperature of the space B is measured as shown in FIG.
While varying as shown in the graph of (a), the temperature change of one surface of each of the cotton woven fabric and the polyester woven fabric (the surface existing in the space A) was continuously measured with an infrared radiation thermometer. The results are shown in FIG. The temperature and humidity of the air flowing through the space A were constant (temperature 32
° C, humidity 50% RH).

[0029]

According to the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object of the present invention, a temperature and humidity environment outside of an object such as clothes which is caused when a person moves or the environment changes is artificially created. A minute temperature change on the surface of the object caused by the change in the environment can be measured, and the amount of heat transfer between the person and the object can be quantitatively determined. Sensation, warmth, etc.). As a result, the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention can be used particularly for the following developments. That is, by measuring the inner surface temperature of the clothing assuming the time of wearing the clothing material or the wearing of the sanitary material, and calculating the amount of radiant heat, the development of the clothing material having a warm or cool feeling, the design of the fiber structure or its processing Agent development.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an apparatus for measuring a surface temperature of an object according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a temperature and humidity environment variable device constituting the device shown in FIG. 1 omitting a constant temperature and humidity device, and showing the flow of air in the temperature and humidity environment variable device.

FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the device shown in FIG. 1 and is a diagram showing a flow of air in the temperature and humidity environment variable device.

FIG. 4 is a side view schematically showing a heat radiating unit in the device shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between a temperature change (a) in a space B and a surface temperature change (b) of a cotton woven fabric and a polyester woven fabric corresponding to the temperature change.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A: Space part (first environment) B: Space part (second environment) A ', B', B "... constant temperature and humidity device, 1. temperature and humidity environment variable device, 2. communication Part 3 ... Sample fixing part 4 ... Sample 5 ... Surface temperature measuring part 6 ... Infrared radiation thermometer 7 ... Heat radiation part 8 ... Fixing device 9 ... Circulation device 10 ... Measurement optical path

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-274429 (JP, A) JP-A-5-215658 (JP, A) JP-A-5-64761 (JP, U) JP1-U 20678 (JP, Y2) Mika Kagaki, Keifumi Niki, Kazunori Nishizawa, Hitomi Shioda, Tadashi Nakanishi, Toshisei Nakajima, "Prototype of Skin Temperature Measurement Apparatus for Clothing", Journal of Japan Society of Textile Science, Japan, Textile Academic Society, June 10, 1991, Vol. 47, No. 6, p. 276-281 (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01N 17/00 G01J 5/00-5/62 G01N 33/36 D06H 3/00-3/16 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A sample is arranged such that one surface thereof is in a first environment and another surface is in a second environment, wherein the first environment is variable in temperature and humidity, and the second environment is variable.
Environment temperature of at least a 1 ° C. / sec or more及beauty Humidity 5%
To allow RH / sec or more variable, at least the by varying the temperature of the second environment, the surface temperature measurement of an object, characterized by measuring the temperature of the first surface of the sample at that time by the infrared radiation thermometer Method. 2. An apparatus for measuring a surface temperature of an object, comprising: A space portion A and a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion via the communication portion 2 are provided. The space portion A is provided with a thermo-hygrostat A ', and the space B is thermo-hygrostat B'.
And B ″ are separately provided, and have a function of varying the temperature and humidity of the space B by air having different temperatures and humidity adjusted by the constant temperature and humidity devices B ′ and B ″, respectively. Variable device 1. A sample fixing part for fixing a sample to the communicating part where the space A and the space B contact each other such that one surface of the sample is in the space A and the other surface is in the space B. 3. A surface temperature measuring unit 5 attached to the space A and fixing an infrared radiation thermometer 6 for measuring the temperature of one surface of the sample with the atmosphere of the space A interposed between the space A and the sample. 3. A switch for changing the temperature and humidity of the space B where the other surface of the sample exists by switching the flow of air having different temperatures and humidity adjusted by the constant temperature and humidity apparatus B ′ or B ″. 3. The apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus B1 is provided in the space B. 4. The apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to claim 2, further comprising a heat radiating section 7 having a heat radiating function for keeping radiant heat to the surface of the sample constant. 5. The constant temperature and humidity apparatus A ′ and B ′ or B ″
The air adjusted respectively by the above-mentioned space part A
3. The apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to claim 2, further comprising a circulating device 9 that circulates the fluid through B and B. 4. 6. The circulating device 9 circulates air into the space A.
And B, and the space A
The surface temperature measuring device for an object according to claim 5, further comprising an outlet for discharging the airs of B and B, and a circulation fan 9a provided at each of the outlets. 7. A fixture 8 to which the infrared radiation thermometer 6 is fixed in the surface temperature measuring section 5 has a focusing function of the infrared radiation thermometer 6 by a slide structure.
An apparatus for measuring a surface temperature of an object according to claim 2.