JP3286095B2 - How to create an underground structure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of forming a retaining wall and a straight pillar, and then repeating an excavating operation and a frame forming operation of forming a floor frame supported by the straight pillar.
Create the floor frame of each floor in order from the top, that is,
The present invention relates to a method for creating an underground structure by a reverse strike method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a reverse striking method, a skeleton portion formed in an underground skeleton is used as a cutting beam to support a retaining wall required for subsequent excavation. In the case of supporting, there is a restriction that the level (depth) of each excavation is determined or the specification of the retaining wall is determined by the height of the basement. Therefore, in order to eliminate the constraint caused by the height of the basement floor and to optimize the specification of the retaining wall, instead of supporting the retaining wall only with the created underground frame portion, a temporary cutting beam is also used. Means for supporting the retaining wall have been proposed. Means for supporting the retaining wall using the temporary cutting beam include (a) means for constructing a temporary cutting beam for each excavation, and (b) one cutting beam, and the cutting beam is formed in accordance with the excavation. There is known a means for sliding down one diversion beam to be used as a support for each excavation.

[0003]

However, in both of the above-mentioned conventional techniques (a) and (b), temporary cutting beams are used, so that the production of underground structures requires time-consuming materials and cutting. Temporary construction of beams was required. In particular, in the case of (a), the workability was extremely poor because the temporary cutting beam had to be assembled for each excavation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to optimize the specifications of a retaining wall while eliminating the necessity of temporary construction of a cutting beam for the purpose.
The simplification is to reduce the construction period and cost.

[0005]

The feature of the method for preparing an underground structure according to the first invention of the present invention is that a retaining wall and a straight pillar are formed in the ground, and a foundation frame is formed on the ground. Is created as a beam to the retaining wall, and then
Excavation work to excavate the lower side of the foundation frame with the foundation frame supported by the straight pillars, lowering work to lower the foundation frame to the excavation mark, and the lower part of the straight pillars above the foundation frame Repeating the reverse striking process consisting of the floor skeleton creation work of creating the floor skeleton in a state where it is supported is repeated a predetermined number of times, creating the floor skeleton on each floor in order from the top, and installing the foundation skeleton at a predetermined level It is in.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an underground structure according to the second aspect of the present invention, in which a retaining wall and a straight pillar are formed in the ground, and a lowermost floor frame is formed on the ground. Excavation work to excavate the lower side of the lowermost floor frame with the lowermost floor frame supported by a straight pillar, and then move the lowermost floor frame down to the excavation site A predetermined number of times of the reverse striking process consisting of the lowering work and the floor frame creation work of creating a floor frame in a state where the floor frame is supported by a portion above the lowermost floor frame of the straight pillars, is repeated for the floor frame of each floor. The point is that, in addition to the steps from the upper one, the lower side of the lowermost floor frame is excavated to create the foundation frame and to install the lowermost floor frame at a predetermined level.

A feature of the method for preparing an underground structure according to the third aspect of the present invention is that a retaining wall and a straight pillar are formed in the ground, and a foundation frame and a lowermost floor frame are formed on the ground. Excavation work for excavating the lower side of the structure with the structure being supported by a straight pillar, and excavating the structure with excavation marks A predetermined number of times, a back-up process consisting of a lowering operation for lowering the floor and a floor frame forming operation for forming a floor frame in a state in which the floor frame is supported by a portion above the structure in the timber pillars, and The point is that the skeleton is created in order from the top and the structure is set at a predetermined level.

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, attention is paid to the fact that a foundation frame is indispensable in constructing an underground structure, and that the essential foundation frame has the strength and rigidity as cut beams. Then, the foundation frame is created prior to the floor frame, and the foundation frame is supported by the timber pillars, lowered for each excavation, and the foundation frame is used as a support for the retaining wall required for each excavation Therefore, the work of creating the foundation frame itself is the work of creating the cutting beams.

Moreover, since the base frame can be positioned at an arbitrary height by utilizing the lowering of the base frame, the base frame can be positioned at the cutting beam working position where the specifications of the retaining wall can be optimized. Can be located.

[0010] According to the second aspect of the invention, focusing on the fact that the lowermost floor frame is formed in the underground structure and that the lowermost floor frame has the strength and rigidity as the cut beam, The lower floor frame is created prior to the other floor frames, the lowest floor frame is supported by a straight pillar, and lowered for each excavation, and the lower floor frame required for each excavation The work for creating the lowermost floor frame itself is the work for creating the cutting beams.

Moreover, since the lowermost floor frame can be positioned at an arbitrary height by utilizing the lowering of the lowermost floor frame, it is possible to optimize the specification of the retaining wall. The lowermost floor frame can be located at the position.

[0012] In addition, since the lowermost floor skeleton acting as a cutting beam at each excavation is located below the floor framing portion on each of the other floors, the lowermost tier disposed below the floor framing for each floor is formed. By using the floor frame as a work stage and a stage for supporting the floor frame forming formwork, the floor frame of each floor can be created with good workability and safely.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, focusing on the fact that the foundation frame and the lowermost floor frame have the strength and rigidity as cut beams, a structure provided with the foundation frame and the lowermost floor frame is provided. Created prior to the other floor structures, make the structure supported by straight pillars, lower each excavation, and divert the structure to support the retaining wall necessary for each excavation Because of this, the work of creating the structure itself is the work of creating the girder.

In addition, since the structure can be positioned at an arbitrary height by utilizing the lowering of the structure, the structure can be located at the cutting beam action position where the specifications of the retaining wall can be optimized. Can be located.

[0015] In addition, since the structure acting as a girder at each excavation is located below the floor frame forming location on each of the other floors, and since the structure has the lowermost floor frame, the structure on each floor is provided. When creating a floor skeleton, the structure to be placed under it, specifically, the bottom floor skeleton is used as a work stage and a stage for supporting the floor frame creation formwork, and it is easy to work and safely on each floor. Floor skeleton can be created.

[0016]

Thus, according to the present invention, the retaining wall can be supported at an appropriate height and the specifications of the retaining wall can be optimized, but temporary construction of the cutting beam is unnecessary and simplified. Therefore, the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced accordingly.

In particular, according to the second and third aspects of the present invention, the floor frame of each floor can be created with good workability and safety by utilizing the lowermost floor frame. Further, the construction period can be shortened.

[0018]

【Example】

<Example 1> Underground structure 1 on the second floor underground as shown in FIG.
Here is an example of application to A floor structure FS on the first floor and the first basement floor of the underground structure 1, a second basement floor structure FL which is the lowest floor structure,
The base frame F is made of reinforced concrete (RC) or steel reinforced concrete (SRC). In addition, 1
In order to make it easy to distinguish the floor FS of the floor and the first basement floor,
While the floor structure FS on the first floor is referred to as a floor structure F1 on the first floor,
The floor frame FS of the floor is a basement floor floor frame B1.

The preparation method is as follows in the order of steps. <1> As shown in FIG. 2, a mountain retaining wall 2 is created around the ground at a location where the underground structure 1 is to be created, and a truss pillar 3 and a truss pillar 4 supported by it are created. The truss pillar 3 is made of reinforced concrete or unreinforced concrete, and the truss pillar 4 is made of reinforced concrete, steel frame (S), or steel reinforced concrete. In addition, the retaining wall 2, the trussed pillar 3, and the trussed pillar 4 are created by a known method, and a description of a specific example of the creating method is omitted. <2> As shown in FIG. 3, the ground surrounded by the retaining wall 2 is divided into the foundation frame F and the second floor basement frame F of the underground structure 1.
Preliminary excavation is performed to excavate to a depth corresponding to the height Ah of the structure A having L. <3> As shown in FIG. 4, a structure A is formed on the ground surrounded by the retaining wall 2 so as to be in contact with the retaining wall 2 around the periphery and to be a cut beam for the retaining wall 2. The formation of the structure A is performed in a state where the base frame F and the second floor basement frame FL are integrated. <4> As shown in FIG. 5, a primary excavation operation for excavating the lower side of the structure A is performed in a state where the structure A is suspended and supported on the straight pillar 4 via the suspending member 5. <5> As shown in FIG. 6, a lowering operation for lowering the structure A to the excavation mark is performed using the straight pillar 4 as a guide. <6> As shown in FIG. 7, while performing the floor frame creation work of creating the first-floor floor frame F1 in a state of being supported by the timber pillars 4,
A secondary excavation operation for excavating the lower side of the structure A is performed in a state where the structure A is suspended and supported on the straight pillar 4 via the hanging member 5. <7> As shown in FIG. 8, a lowering operation for lowering the structure A to the excavation mark is performed using the straight pillar 4 as a guide. <8> As shown in FIG. 9, while performing the floor frame creation work of creating a state in which the first basement floor frame B1 is supported by the timber columns 4, the structure A is attached to the timber columns 4 via the hanging members 5. In the state where the structure A is suspended and supported, tertiary excavation is performed to excavate the lower side of the structure A to a depth at which the structure A can be positioned at a predetermined level. <9> As shown in FIG. 10, the structure A is lowered to the excavation site using the straight pillar 4 as a guide, and installed at a predetermined level. <10> Create pillars and walls for each floor. Of the pillars, those created at the position of the timber pillar 4 are created using the timber pillar 4, but this need not be the case.

In this manufacturing method, the reverse striking step is repeated twice. That is, the first reverse striking step includes the primary excavation operation of the step <4>, the lowering operation of the step <5>, and the floor frame forming operation of the step <6>. The beating process is the secondary excavation work of the process <6>,
It consists of the lowering work of the step <7> and the floor skeletal construction work of the step <8>. In the step <6>, the floor skeletal formation work in the first reverse smashing step and the second reverse smashing step The secondary excavation work is performed at the same time, and the work period is shortened.

The floor framing work in the steps <6> and <8> is performed using the structure A, more specifically, the second floor underground floor framing FL as a work stage. That is, the formwork is performed using the structure A as a scaffold, and the formwork is supported by the structure A. The form support can be reliably and safely performed because the upper surface of the second basement floor frame FL is smooth.

<Embodiment 2> An example of application to the above-described underground structure 1 on the second basement floor will be described.

The preparation method is as follows in the order of steps. <1> The operation <1> described in the first embodiment is performed. <2> As shown in FIG. 11, the ground surrounded by the retaining wall 2 is moved to the height F of the second basement floor frame FL in the underground structure 1.
Preliminary excavation is performed to excavate to a depth corresponding to Lh. <3> As shown in FIG. 12, on the ground surrounded by the retaining wall 2, a second-floor basement floor frame FL is formed so as to be in contact with the retaining wall 2 around the periphery and to be a cut beam for the retaining wall 2. . <4> As shown in FIG. 13, a primary excavation operation of excavating below the second basement floor frame FL in a state where the second basement floor frame FL is suspended and supported on the straight columns 4 via the hanging members 5. I do. <5> As shown in FIG. 14, a lowering operation of lowering the second basement floor frame FL to the excavation site is performed using the straight pillar 4 as a guide. <6> As shown in FIG. 15, the first-floor floor frame F1 is
While the work of creating the floor frame is performed in a state where the floor frame FL is supported by the basement, the lower side of the floor structure FL of the second basement floor is supported while the floor structure FL of the second basement is suspended and supported by the vertical columns 4 via the hanging members 5. Perform secondary excavation work to excavate. <7> As shown in FIG. 16, a lowering operation of lowering the floor structure FL on the second basement floor to the excavation site is performed using the straight pillar 4 as a guide. <8> As shown in FIG. 17, while performing a floor frame creation operation for creating a state in which the first basement floor frame B1 is supported by the timber pillars 4, the second basement floor frame FL is suspended on the timber pillars 4. The third excavation is performed to excavate the lower side of the second floor underground floor frame FL to a depth at which the foundation frame F can be installed in a state where the base frame F is suspended and supported through the base 5. <9> As shown in FIG. 18, the basement floor 4 is used as a guide to lower the second basement floor frame FL to a predetermined level of the excavation site. <10> As shown in FIG. 19, the base frame F is created in a state where the basement floor FL is supported. <11> The operation of <10> shown in the first embodiment is performed.

In this method, the reverse striking step is repeated twice. That is, the first reverse striking step includes the primary excavation operation of the step <4>, the lowering operation of the step <5>, and the floor frame forming operation of the step <6>. The beating process is the secondary excavation work of the process <6>,
It consists of the lowering work of the step <7> and the floor skeletal construction work of the step <8>. In the step <6>, the floor skeletal formation work in the first reverse smashing step and the second reverse smashing step The secondary excavation work is performed at the same time, and the work period is shortened.

The floor framing work in the steps <6> and <8> is performed using the second basement floor framing FL as a work stage. That is, formwork or the like is performed using the second basement floor frame FL as a scaffold, and the formwork is supported by the second basement floor frame FL. The form support can be reliably and safely performed because the upper surface of the second basement floor frame FL is smooth.

<Embodiment 3> An example of application to the above-described underground structure 1 on the second basement floor will be described.

The preparation method is as follows in the order of steps. <1> The operation <1> described in the first embodiment is performed. <2> As shown in FIG. 20, preliminary excavation is performed to excavate the ground surrounded by the retaining wall 2 to a depth corresponding to the height Fh of the foundation frame F in the underground structure 1. <3> As shown in FIG. 21, a foundation frame F is formed on the ground surrounded by the retaining wall 2 so as to be in contact with the retaining wall 2 around the periphery and to be a cut beam for the retaining wall 2. <4> As shown in FIG. 22, a primary excavation operation for excavating the lower side of the base frame F is performed in a state where the base frame F is suspended and supported on the straight pillar 4 via the hanging members 5. <5> As shown in FIG. 23, a lowering operation of lowering the foundation frame F to the excavation mark is performed using the straight pillar 4 as a guide. <6> As shown in FIG. 24, the first-floor floor frame F1 is
Excavation work to excavate the lower side of the base frame F while the base frame F is supported and supported by the vertical pillars 4 via the hanging members 5 while the floor frame preparation work is performed in a state where the floor frame is supported. I do. <7> As shown in FIG. 25, a lowering operation for lowering the foundation frame F to the excavation mark is performed using the straight pillar 4 as a guide. <8> As shown in FIG. 26, while performing a floor frame creation operation of creating a state in which the first basement floor frame B1 is supported by the timber columns 4, the base frame F is attached to the timber columns 4 via the hanging members 5. The third excavation is performed to excavate the lower side of the foundation frame F to a depth at which the foundation frame F can be installed in a state where the foundation frame F is suspended and supported. <9> As shown in FIG. 27, the foundation frame F is lowered to the excavation mark using the straight pillar 4 as a guide, and is installed at a predetermined level. <10> As shown in FIG. 28, the basement floor F is formed on the second basement floor frame FL. <11> The operation of <10> shown in the first embodiment is performed.

In this method, the reverse striking step is repeated twice. That is, the first reverse striking step includes the primary excavation operation of the step <4>, the lowering operation of the step <5>, and the floor frame forming operation of the step <6>. The beating process is the secondary excavation work of the process <6>,
It consists of the lowering work of the step <7> and the floor skeletal construction work of the step <8>. In the step <6>, the floor skeletal formation work in the first reverse smashing step and the second reverse smashing step The secondary excavation work is performed at the same time, and the work period is shortened.

The floor frame making operation in the steps <6> and <8> is performed using the basic frame F as a work stage.
In other words, formwork etc. are performed using the foundation frame F as a scaffold,
The formwork is supported on the base frame F. The work of preparing the floor frame such as the support of the formwork may be performed directly on the base frame F, but the temporary floor 6 is constructed on the base frame F as shown by a two-dot chain line in the figure. It is preferable to perform it. That is,
By constructing the temporary floor 6, a work stage having a smooth upper surface can be formed, thereby promoting safe operation.

[Alternative Embodiment] In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the underground structure 1 has the second basement floor is shown. However, the present invention can be applied to the underground structure 1 having various floors. That is,
By repeating the reverse strike process a predetermined number of times, the floor frame FS of the predetermined number of floors can be created in order from the upper one,
When repeating a plurality of reverse striking steps, as in the above-described embodiment, it is necessary to simultaneously perform the floor frame creation work in the preceding reverse striking step and the excavation work in the subsequent reverse striking step, thereby shortening the construction period. It is preferable in aiming at.

In the above embodiment, the preliminary excavation was performed to create the structure A, the lowermost floor frame FL, and the foundation frame F.
They may be created without preliminary drilling.

In the above embodiment, the height of the second basement is 1 basement.
Although the application to the underground structure higher than the floor height of the floor has been described, the present invention is also applicable to the underground structure where the floor height of each floor is the same.

Incidentally, reference numerals are written in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the attached drawings by the entry.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an underground structure according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a working process in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a working process in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a working process in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a working process in the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the underground structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the underground structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the underground structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the underground structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a sectional view of an underground structure according to the third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Mountain retaining wall 4 Construction pillar F Foundation frame FS Floor frame FL Lowermost floor frame A Structure

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Shosaku Osada 4-1-1-13 Honcho, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Takenaka Corporation Osaka Main Store (56) References JP-A-49-33415 (JP, A) JP-A-3-100225 (JP, A) JP-A-6-158672 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02D 29/045 E02D 17/04 E21D 13 / 00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A retaining wall (2) and a timber pillar (4) are formed in the ground, and a foundation frame (F) is formed on the ground so as to be a cut beam for the retaining wall (2). Excavation work for excavating the lower side of the foundation skeleton (F) while the foundation skeleton (F) is supported by the timber pillar (4); and descent work for lowering the foundation skeleton (F) to the excavation mark. The floor striking step of forming the floor frame (FS) in a state where the floor frame (FS) is supported by the pillars (4) above the base frame (F) is repeated a predetermined number of times, and the floor of each floor is repeated. Frame (F
A method for creating an underground structure in which S) is created in order from the top and the foundation frame (F) is installed at a predetermined level. 2. A retaining wall (2) and a straight pillar (4) are formed in the ground, and a lowermost floor frame (FL) is formed on the ground so as to be a cut beam for the retaining wall (2). Then
Excavation work for excavating the lower side of the lowermost floor frame (FL) in a state where the lowermost floor frame (FL) is supported by the straight pillar (4);
Lowering work to lower the lowermost floor frame (FL) to the excavation site, and creation of the floor frame (FS) in a state where the lower right floor frame (FL) is supported by the part above the lowermost floor frame (FL) in the straight pillar (4) Is repeated a predetermined number of times to create the floor frame (FS) of each floor in order from the top, and excavate the lower side of the lowermost floor frame (FL) to form a foundation. A method of creating an underground structure for creating a frame (F) and installing a lowermost floor frame (FL) at a predetermined level. 3. A structure (A) in which a mountain retaining wall (2) and a timber frame (4) are formed in the ground, and a foundation frame (F) and a lowermost floor frame (FL) are formed on the ground. To the retaining wall (2)
Then, the structure (A) is formed in a state where the structure (A) is supported by the straight pillar (4).
Excavation work to excavate the lower side of the building, a lowering operation to lower the structure (A) to the excavation site, and a floor in a state in which it is supported by a portion of the straight pillar (4) above the structure (A). Frame (F
S) is repeated a predetermined number of times, including a floor frame forming operation for forming a floor frame, and a floor frame (FS) of each floor is sequentially formed from an upper one, and the structure (A) is installed at a predetermined level. How to create underground structures.