JP3301265B2 - Heat pump type air conditioner for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle having a vapor compression cycle in which a refrigerant is circulated to a heat exchanger outside a vehicle compartment and a heat exchanger inside a vehicle compartment by driving a compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A four-way valve reverses the flow of refrigerant during a heating operation and a cooling operation. During a heating operation, a heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment is used as a heat absorber and a heat exchanger inside the vehicle compartment is used as a radiator. 2. Description of the Related Art There is known a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle in which a heat exchanger outside a vehicle compartment is used as a radiator during operation and a heat exchanger inside the vehicle compartment is used as a heat absorber (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-290475). ).

[0003]

In the above-described conventional heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, when the heating operation is performed in a climatic condition such as when the outside air temperature is low, when the vehicle is running, when it is raining, and when it is snowing. The amount of heat absorbed in the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced. Then, assuming that the work of the compressor is constant, the heat radiation in the vehicle interior heat exchanger that radiates the total heat of the heat absorption from the heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the work of the compressor decreases, and the heating capacity decreases. descend. In addition, under the above climatic conditions, a frost phenomenon is likely to occur, and the number of times of the defrost operation is increased, so that a stable heating operation may not be obtained. In addition, since the flow direction of the refrigerant changes between the cooling operation and the heating operation, it is necessary to ensure that both the pipes on the exterior heat exchanger side and the interior heat exchanger side can withstand high temperatures and high pressures. . Further, during the heating operation, since waste heat from the engine is absorbed to generate warm air for heating the vehicle interior, it is not suitable for a vehicle having no large heat source such as a solar car or an electric car.

In order to solve such a problem, the present applicant has proposed a new heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-22933. In this heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, a heat exchanger for heat dissipation is provided in the vehicle interior in addition to the heat exchanger for heat absorption, and the flow of the refrigerant is switched by a three-way valve. According to the heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, the air conditioner can be improved with stable control without being influenced by the climatic conditions outside the vehicle compartment, and does not require a significant design change, and is suitable for electric vehicles and the like. Dehumidification heating can be performed.

[0005] However, in a slightly cold environment where the outside air temperature is about 5 to 15 ° C, the outside heat exchanger is not used in spite of the condition that heat is easily absorbed from the outside air. There was a limit in improving the coefficient of performance. In particular, in an electric vehicle, unlike an engine vehicle, the consumption of electric energy greatly affects the mileage, so that strict management of the energy consumption of the compressor is required. For this reason, further improvement in the coefficient of performance is desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump type cooling / heating apparatus for a vehicle which performs heating warm-up quickly and efficiently.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 includes a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and outside air, and a refrigerant. Heat-dissipating heat exchanger for radiating the heat of the air to the air blown by the blowing means, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and heat-absorbing vehicle interior for absorbing the heat of the air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant. A heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is divided into the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and merges again on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor. Heating mode A in which the heating operation is performed while the heating operation is being performed, and the heating operation is performed while flowing the refrigerant condensed in the heat dissipation vehicle interior heat exchanger to one of the heat absorption vehicle interior heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger. Have heating mode B A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein a heat absorption determining means for determining whether or not heat is absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and a temperature of the vehicle interior reaching a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation. Warm-up determining means for determining the end of warm-up, and after the heating operation is started in the heating mode A, the heat absorption determining means determines that heat is not absorbed from outside air, or the warm-up determining means Heating mode switching means for switching from the heating mode A to the heating mode B when it is determined that the warm-up is completed, and the heat absorption determination means includes a cooling state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, an outside air temperature, Is determined based on The heat-absorbing judging means of the heat pump type air conditioner for vehicles according to claim 2, wherein the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger has at least one of an outlet / inlet refrigerant temperature, an outlet / inlet refrigerant pressure, and a surface temperature. The cooling state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger is determined.
The invention according to claim 3 is a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a heat radiation vehicle interior that radiates heat of the refrigerant to the air blown by the blowing means. Heat exchanger, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant,
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blower means into a refrigerant, the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger, the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, A heating mode A in which the refrigerant is separated into the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment and the heating operation is performed while being joined again on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor. A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B for performing a heating operation while flowing to one of the heat exchanger and the outside heat exchanger, wherein the outside heat exchanger absorbs heat from the outside air into the refrigerant. Heat-absorption determination means for determining whether or not the heating operation has been started; warm-up determination means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation; From the start, when it is determined by the heat absorption determining means that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or when the warm-up determining means determines that the warm-up is completed, the heating mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. A mode switching unit, wherein the endothermic determination unit makes the determination based on a temperature difference between the temperature of the air blown out of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the outside air temperature. The invention according to claim 4 is a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a heat radiation vehicle interior that radiates heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means. A heat exchanger, an expansion unit that adiabatically expands the refrigerant, and a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blowing device into the refrigerant, and condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger. The heating mode A, in which the separated refrigerant is diverted to the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and is again heated at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor to perform a heating operation; A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B performing a heating operation while flowing the refrigerant condensed in the exchanger to one of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger or the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, Heat outside the cabin Heat absorption determining means for determining whether or not the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the exchanger; warm-up determining means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation; After starting the heating operation in the heating mode A, if the heat absorption determining means determines that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or if the warm-up determining means determines that warm-up is completed, the heating mode A And a heating mode switching means for switching from the heating mode B to the heating mode B, wherein the heat absorption determining means detects a predetermined temperature difference between a refrigerant temperature flowing into the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and an outside air temperature, or A predetermined temperature difference is detected between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the outside air temperature, or the difference between the temperature of the air blown out of the heat exchanger for heat absorption and the outside air temperature is detected. It determines that the predetermined temperature difference has not been absorbing heat from outside air when it is detected. The invention of claim 5 is
A compressor that compresses the refrigerant, a vehicle interior heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a heat radiation vehicle interior heat exchanger that radiates heat of the refrigerant to the air blown by the blowing means,
An expansion unit that adiabatically expands the refrigerant, and a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs heat of air blown by the blowing unit into the refrigerant, the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger, Heating mode A in which the heat is diverted to the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and the heating operation is performed again while being joined on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and condensed in the heat releasing vehicle interior heat exchanger. A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B in which a heating operation is performed while flowing a refrigerant to one of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger and the exterior heat exchanger. Heat-absorbing determining means for determining whether or not heat is absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the heater, and warm-up determining means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation. After the heating operation is started in the heating mode A, if the heat absorption determining means determines that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or if the warm-up determining means determines that warm-up is completed, the heating mode is started. A heating mode switching means for switching from A to the heating mode B, wherein the heat absorption determining means starts the determination after a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the heating operation.
The invention according to claim 6 is a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a heat radiation vehicle interior that radiates heat of the refrigerant to air blown by the blowing means. Heat exchanger, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant,
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blower means into a refrigerant, the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger, the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, A heating mode A in which the refrigerant is separated into the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment and the heating operation is performed while being joined again on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor. A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B for performing a heating operation while flowing to one of the heat exchanger and the outside heat exchanger, wherein the outside heat exchanger absorbs heat from the outside air into the refrigerant. Heat-absorption determination means for determining whether or not the heating operation has been started; warm-up determination means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation; From the start, when it is determined by the heat absorption determining means that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or when the warm-up determining means determines that the warm-up is completed, the heating mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. And a mode switching means, wherein the heat absorption determining means starts the determination after the cooling state of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger reaches a predetermined state. The invention according to claim 7 is a compressor for compressing the refrigerant, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a heat radiation vehicle interior for radiating heat of the refrigerant to air blown by the blowing means. A heat exchanger, an expansion unit that adiabatically expands the refrigerant, and a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blowing device into the refrigerant, and condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger. The heating mode A, in which the separated refrigerant is diverted to the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and is again heated at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor to perform a heating operation; A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B performing a heating operation while flowing the refrigerant condensed in the exchanger to one of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger or the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, Heat outside the cabin Heat absorption determining means for determining whether or not the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the exchanger; warm-up determining means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation; After starting the heating operation in the heating mode A, if the heat absorption determining means determines that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or if the warm-up determining means determines that warm-up is completed, the heating mode A Heating mode switching means for switching from the heating mode B to the heating mode B, a refrigerant flow passage opening / closing means provided between the exterior heat exchanger and the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and a predetermined time has elapsed since the heating operation was started. Control means for setting the refrigerant flow path opening / closing means to a closed state until the operation is completed. The invention according to claim 8 is a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a heat radiation vehicle interior that radiates heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means. A heat exchanger, an expansion unit that adiabatically expands the refrigerant, and a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blowing device into the refrigerant, and condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger. The heating mode A, in which the separated refrigerant is diverted to the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and is again heated at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor to perform a heating operation; A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B for performing a heating operation while flowing the refrigerant condensed in the exchanger to one of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger, Heat outside the cabin Heat-absorption determining means for determining whether or not the refrigerant has absorbed heat from the outside air to the refrigerant, and warm-up determining means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation; After starting the heating operation in the heating mode A, if the heat absorption determining means determines that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or if the warm-up determining means determines that warm-up is completed, the heating mode A Heating mode switching means for switching from the heating mode to the heating mode B, a refrigerant flow passage opening / closing means provided between the exterior heat exchanger and the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and the heat absorbing vehicle after starting a heating operation. Control means for setting the refrigerant flow path opening / closing means to a closed state until the indoor heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger reaches a predetermined cooling state.

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is determined based on the cooling state of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger and the outside air temperature that the vehicle exterior heat exchanger does not absorb heat from the outside air into the refrigerant. Alternatively, when the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation and it is determined that the warm-up is completed, the mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. This prevents heat radiation from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger to the outside air during the heating warm-up, and allows the heating warm-up to be performed quickly and efficiently. In the heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle according to the second aspect, the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger is determined by at least one of an outlet / inlet refrigerant temperature, an outlet / inlet refrigerant pressure, and a surface temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger. It is determined that the refrigerant has not absorbed heat from the outside air into the refrigerant in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger based on the cooling state and the outside air temperature, or the interior of the vehicle has been cooled to a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation. When the temperature reaches the temperature and the end of the warm-up is determined, the mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. This prevents heat radiation from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger to the outside air during the heating warm-up, and allows the heating warm-up to be performed quickly and efficiently. In the heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle according to the third aspect, it is determined that the heat is not absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the vehicle outside heat exchanger based on the temperature difference between the blown air temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the outside air temperature. Alternatively, when the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation and it is determined that the warm-up is completed, the mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. This prevents heat radiation from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger to the outside air during the heating warm-up, and allows the heating warm-up to be performed quickly and efficiently. In the vehicle heat pump type cooling / heating device of claim 4, a predetermined temperature difference is detected between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment and the outside air temperature,
Alternatively, a predetermined temperature difference is detected between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the outside air temperature, or a predetermined temperature difference is detected between the temperature of the air discharged from the heat exchanger for heat absorption and the outside air temperature. When the difference is detected, it is determined that heat is not absorbed from the outside air.
In this manner, when it is determined that the refrigerant has not absorbed heat from the outside air in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, or when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation, it is determined that the warm-up is completed. Then, the mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. This prevents heat radiation from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger to the outside air during the heating warm-up, and allows the heating warm-up to be performed quickly and efficiently. In the heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle according to the fifth aspect, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the heating operation, it is determined whether or not the outside heat exchanger has absorbed heat from the outside air into the refrigerant. Thereby, erroneous determination immediately after the start of operation is avoided. In the vehicle heat pump type cooling and heating apparatus according to the sixth aspect, the determination is started after the cooling state of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger reaches a predetermined state. Thereby, erroneous determination immediately after the start of operation is avoided. In the vehicle heat pump type cooling and heating apparatus according to claim 7, a refrigerant flow path opening / closing means is provided between the exterior heat exchanger and the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and the refrigerant is opened until a predetermined time elapses after the heating operation is started. The channel opening / closing means is set to a closed state. Thereby, the refrigerant remaining in the exterior heat exchanger after a predetermined time elapses is increased to easily absorb heat from the outside air, and the refrigerant flowing from the exterior heat exchanger to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor immediately after the start of operation is reduced. be able to. In the heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle according to claim 8, a refrigerant flow passage opening / closing means is provided between the outside heat exchanger and the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and after the heating operation is started, the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger or Until the exterior heat exchanger reaches a predetermined cooling state, the refrigerant flow path opening / closing means is set to a closed state. This makes it easy to absorb heat from the outside air by increasing the amount of refrigerant remaining in the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment after the heat exchanger for heat absorption or the heat exchanger outside the vehicle reaches a predetermined cooling state, and immediately after the start of operation. The amount of refrigerant flowing from the exterior heat exchanger to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor can be reduced.

[0009]

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a vehicle heat pump type air conditioner of one embodiment. In the figure, the compressor 31
Is provided outside the vehicle compartment such as an engine room, and an input value can be directly changed like an electric compressor or a hydraulic drive compressor. This compressor 31
A four-way valve 7 as a refrigerant flow switching means
3 are connected. The four-way valve 73 has a refrigerant flow path for flowing the refrigerant through the two-way valve 71 to the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33, and a refrigerant flow path for flowing the refrigerant to the exterior heat exchanger 38 via the two-way valve 100. Switch. During the heating operation, the flow path is switched as indicated by the solid line, and the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 31 is connected to the refrigerant inflow side of the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33 via the two-way valve 71. The two-way valve 10
0 is connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 31.
During the cooling operation, the flow path is switched as indicated by the dotted line, and the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 31 is connected to the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33 via the two-way valve 100, the exterior heat exchanger 38 and the two-way valve 70. The two-way valve 71 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the compressor 31 while being connected to the refrigerant inflow side.

The exterior heat exchanger 38 is provided outside the vehicle compartment,
It is a vehicle exterior condenser that radiates heat of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 to the outside air. The heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 is provided in a duct 39 as an apparatus main body disposed at the front of the vehicle interior such as the back side of the instrument panel, and uses the heat of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 as blowing means. Is a heat-dissipating type vehicle interior condenser that radiates heat to the air blown by the blower fan 37. The two-way valve 70 allows the flow of the refrigerant from the exterior heat exchanger 38 side to the heat radiation interior heat exchanger 33 side, and from the heat radiation interior heat exchanger 33 side to the exterior heat exchanger 38 side. Is prevented from flowing. Two-way valve 71
Allows the flow of the refrigerant from the four-way valve 73 side to the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 side, and prevents the flow of the refrigerant from the heat-radiation vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 side to the four-way valve 73 side. I have. On the refrigerant outflow side of the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33, the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 3 provided on the upstream side in the duct 39 is provided.
The refrigerant inflow side of No. 5 is connected via a liquid tank 36 and an expansion valve 34 serving as expansion means for adiabatically expanding the liquid refrigerant to form a mist. The heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blower fan 37 into the refrigerant supplied from at least one of the exterior heat exchanger 38 and the heat radiation interior heat exchanger 33 through the expansion valve 34. It is an endothermic evaporator that produces cold air. The refrigerant outflow side of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 is connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 31.

An indoor air inlet 40 for introducing vehicle interior air is provided upstream of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 of the duct 39.
And an outside air inlet 41 for receiving outside wind pressure to introduce outside air. The inside air inlet 40 and the outside air inlet 4
An intake door 42 that opens and closes the inside air inlet 40 and the outside air inlet 41 at an arbitrary ratio is provided at a portion where 1 is branched. The air inlet side (downstream side of the air flow) between the inside air inlet 40 and the outside air inlet 41 and the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 3
5, a blower fan 37 is provided, and the control device 4
The rotary drive is performed by a blower fan motor 44 controlled by the control unit 3. An air mix door 46 is provided upstream of the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33, and its opening is adjusted by an air mix door actuator (not shown) driven by the control device 43. In other words, the cool air passing through the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 bypasses the heat radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 and passes through the cool air that is still cold, and the cold air passes through the heat releasing vehicle interior heat exchanger 33. The ratio of the heated warm air (distribution of the amount of the cool air and the warm air) is adjusted. The opening Xdsc of the air mix door 46 is
Is set at the position indicated by the dashed line and the air volume distribution between the cold air and the hot air becomes 100% cold air.
When dsc = 0% (fully closed) and the air mixing door 46 is set at the position shown by the two-dot chain line and the air volume distribution between the cold air and the hot air is 100%, the air mixing door opening X dsc =
100% (fully open).

An air mix chamber 47 is provided downstream of the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33 of the duct 39 to improve the mixing of cold air and hot air, thereby producing a temperature-controlled conditioned air. Is provided. The air mix chamber 47 includes a ventilator outlet 51 that blows conditioned air toward the upper body of the target occupant (not shown), a foot outlet 52 that blows conditioned air toward the feet of the target occupant, and a front window glass (not shown). And a defroster outlet 53 that blows out conditioned air toward the air conditioner. In the air mix chamber 47, a ventilator door 55, a foot door 56, and a defroster door 57 are provided.
The ventilator door 55 opens and closes the ventilator outlet 51 with a ventilator door actuator (not shown) driven by the control device 43. The foot door 56 opens and closes the foot outlet 52 by a foot door actuator (not shown) driven by the control device 43. The defroster door 57 opens and closes the defroster outlet 53 by a defroster door actuator (not shown) driven by the control device 43.

The control unit 43 is composed of a microcomputer and peripheral parts such as a timer, and has a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger intake air temperature sensor 58, a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger outlet air temperature sensor 59, and a ventilator air outlet. Temperature sensor 6
0, solar radiation sensor 61, outside air temperature sensor 62, room temperature sensor 63, room temperature setter 64, outlet mode switch 65, blower fan switch 66, heat radiation inside the vehicle heat exchanger blowout air temperature sensor 68, heat absorption inside the vehicle The heat intake air temperature Tsuc of the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35, the blow-off air temperature Tout of the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35, and the heat radiation vehicle interior that are input from the thermal environment information input means such as the exchanger inlet refrigerant temperature sensor 67. The air temperature Tv blown out of the heat exchanger 33, the air temperature Tvent blown out of the ventilator outlet 51, the amount of solar radiation Qsun of the vehicle, the outside air temperature Tamb outside the vehicle compartment, the detected temperature inside the vehicle compartment (air temperature inside the vehicle) Troom, and the setting of the vehicle interior Based on the thermal environment information such as the temperature Tptc, whether heat is absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38 as the above-described heat absorption determination means With determining whether warm-up determination means described above, as the heating mode switching means and control means, the air mixing door opening Xdsc, input values Wcomp, heat-absorbing inner heat exchanger 3 of the compressor 31
5 and the target air-conditioning air temperature Tof
And the like, and the compressor 31, the blower fan motor 44, various door actuators, and the like are driven such that the cooling and heating conditions in the vehicle compartment maintain the calculated target cooling and heating conditions.

In this embodiment, the exterior heat exchanger 38 is used as a heat absorber (evaporator) during the heating operation, and heat is absorbed from the outside air to increase the heating capacity. At one end of 38, a bypass 101 for diverting the refrigerant is provided. In the bypass 101, an expansion valve 102 and a two-way valve 103 are installed. During the heating operation, either heating mode A or heating mode B is selected.
In the heating mode A, the two-way valve 103 is set to the open state, the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 is diverted to the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38, and the refrigerant is again returned to the suction side of the compressor 31. It is a mode to join. The heating mode B is a mode in which the two-way valve 103 is closed to allow the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 to flow only into the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35.

In the heating mode A, the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 is supplied to the exterior heat exchanger 38 and the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 3.
5, cooling (dehumidification) of the vehicle interior air is performed in the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35, and heat exchange with the outside air is performed in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38. However, since the refrigerant diverted to the heat exchanger 38 outside the vehicle compartment and the heat exchanger 35 for heat absorption merges on the suction side of the compressor 31, the heat exchanger 35 outside the vehicle compartment depends on the operating state of the heat exchanger 35 for heat absorption. The state of heat exchange at 38 differs, and heat is absorbed from the outside air while the operating temperature of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 is low, but is released to the outside air when the operating temperature of the heat absorbing indoor heat exchanger 35 increases. When the amount of the refrigerant flowing to the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 is reduced by flowing the refrigerant to the exterior heat exchanger 38, the cooling capacity of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 is reduced. The decrease in the cooling capacity of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 increases the operating pressure of the heat radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 (the discharge pressure of the compressor 31), and further reduces the operating temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35. The cycle of raising is repeated. For this reason, in the heating mode A, heat can be absorbed from the outside air by the outside heat exchanger 38 immediately after the start of operation, but the operating temperature of the outside heat exchanger 38 rises to almost the outside temperature in a short time, and heat is radiated to the outside air. It has the property of reaching equilibrium in the state where it does.

FIGS. 2 to 4 show the results of confirming the operating characteristics of each part in the heating mode A by experiments. FIG.
FIG. 3 shows the time change of the refrigerant temperature at the inlet / outlet of the heat exchanger 38 outside the vehicle compartment, FIG. 3 shows the time change of the temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger inside the heat exchanger for heat absorption, and FIG. 5 shows a time change of the air temperature. This experiment was carried out at an outside air temperature of 5 ° C., which is relatively easy to absorb heat from outside air. Here, the exterior heat exchanger 3
The outlet refrigerant temperature of 8 is the refrigerant temperature between the four-way valve 73 and the exterior heat exchanger 38, and the inlet refrigerant temperature of the exterior heat exchanger 38 is between the two-way valve 103 and the exterior heat exchanger 38. Is the refrigerant temperature. From the start of operation until the temperature of the blow-out air from the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger reaches the minimum temperature, the exterior heat exchanger 38
Although the inlet refrigerant temperature is lower than the outside air temperature, there is almost no difference between the inlet and outlet air temperature of the outside heat exchanger 38, so that almost no heat is absorbed from the outside air. During this time, heat is absorbed from the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 rather than the exterior heat exchanger 38 having a large pressure loss, and only refrigerant present near the outlet side of the exterior heat exchanger 38 is sucked in. Endotherm from

After the temperature of the blow-out air from the heat-exchanger interior heat exchanger reaches the minimum temperature, heat can be absorbed from the outside air. As the temperature rises, the operating temperature of the exterior heat exchanger 38 also increases, and the amount of heat absorbed from outside air decreases. When the operating temperature of the outside heat exchanger 38 approaches the outside air temperature, the refrigerant temperature becomes higher than the outside air temperature at the inlet of the outside heat exchanger and radiates heat to the outside air. The temperature drops below the outside temperature and absorbs heat from outside air. As the time further elapses, the refrigerant temperature at the inlet and outlet of the outside heat exchanger both approaches the outside air temperature, and the operation state of the vapor compression cycle equilibrates with almost all of the outside heat exchanger 38 radiating heat to the outside air. Reach. Since the outside air temperature changes depending on the running conditions of the vehicle and the thermal environment around the vehicle, the presence or absence of heat absorption from the outside air is determined by using the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the operating temperature of the outside heat exchanger 38. Even under the condition that heat is radiated from a part of the exchanger 38 to the outside air, the refrigerant flows through the exterior heat exchanger 38.

Whether or not heat is absorbed from the outside air by the outside heat exchanger 38 can also be determined from the operating state of the heat absorbing inside heat exchanger 35 and the temperature difference between the outside air temperature. For example, in the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger outlet temperature shown in FIG. 3, the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger outlet temperature is [outside air temperature (Tamb) −β].
When the temperature is higher than the above range, heat radiation to the outside air occurs in the outside heat exchanger 38. Here, β is the exterior heat exchanger 38
This value varies according to the pressure loss of the refrigerant flow between the heat exchanger 35 and the suction side of the compressor 31 and between the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 and the suction side of the compressor 31.
There is no problem even if a fixed value of about 4 ° C. is used. In addition, the quantities representative of the operating state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 include the inlet / outlet refrigerant temperature and the inlet / outlet refrigerant pressure of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35, and the blower voltage and the compressor frequency. Is better than directly measuring the operating temperature of the heat exchanger 38 outside the vehicle.

The characteristics of the heating mode A are not limited to those of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The heating mode A is a heating mode in which the refrigerant flows through both the heat exchanger 38 outside the vehicle compartment and the heat exchanger 35 for absorbing heat while heating. It can also be seen in other configurations of the vapor compression cycle shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the vapor compression cycle in which the two-way valves 70, 71 shown in FIG. 1 are replaced with check valves 80, 81. The check valve 80 allows the flow of the refrigerant from the exterior heat exchanger 38 side to the heat radiation interior heat exchanger 33 side, and from the heat radiation interior heat exchanger 33 side to the exterior heat exchanger 38 side. Is prevented from flowing. The check valve 81 allows the flow of the refrigerant from the four-way valve 73 side to the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 side, and prevents the flow of the refrigerant from the heat-radiation vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 side to the four-way valve 73 side. It is supposed to. By opening the two-way valve 103 during heating, part of the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 flows into the exterior heat exchanger 38.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the vapor compression cycle in which the heat radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 is moved between the four-way valve 73 and the check valve 81 from the configuration shown in FIG. The refrigerant flows to the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 only during the heating operation. By opening the two-way valve 103 during heating, part of the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 flows into the exterior heat exchanger 38.

FIG. 7 shows a configuration in which the four-way valve 73 is replaced with two-way valves 72, 74 and 75 from the configuration shown in FIG.
1 shows an embodiment of a vapor compression cycle when the function of the check valve 81 is provided. During the cooling operation, the two-way valve 74 is opened,
The two-way valves 72 and 75 are closed. During the heating operation, the two-way valve 7
4 is closed, the two-way valve 72 is opened, and the two-way valve 75 is
It performs the same function as 0 and opens and closes according to the operation state of the cycle. By opening the two-way valve 103 during the heating operation, a part of the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 flows into the exterior heat exchanger 38.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a vapor compression cycle in which the four-way valve 73 is replaced by a three-way valve 32 and a two-way valve 75 in the configuration shown in FIG. During the cooling operation, the three-way valve 32 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 flows into the exterior heat exchanger 38, and the two-way valve 75 is closed. At the time of the heating operation, the three-way valve 32 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 flows into the heat exchanger 33 for heat radiation, and the two-way valve 75 operates in the same manner as the two-way valve 100 to bring the cycle into an operating state. It is opened and closed accordingly. By opening the two-way valve 103 during heating, a part of the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid tank 36 flows into the exterior heat exchanger 38.

FIG. 9 shows a modification of the vapor compression cycle shown in FIG. An expansion valve 108, which is an expansion means, is provided between the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 and the check valve 81, and the refrigerant flowing to the heat-exchange vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 and the refrigerant flowing downstream of the expansion valve 108 to the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 is provided. It is divided into flowing refrigerant. In this embodiment, the operating temperature (operating pressure) of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35.
The refrigerant flowing into the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 is further adiabatically expanded by the expansion valve 34 in order to lower the pressure. By opening the two-way valve 103 during heating, the expansion valve 108 is opened.
A part of the refrigerant flowing out flows into the outside heat exchanger 38.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 to 9, the two-way valve 103 is opened during the heating operation, and the refrigerant is supplied to both the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38. In the heating mode A in which the refrigerant is separated and joined again on the suction side of the compressor 31, the two-way valve 103 is closed, and the refrigerant is supplied only to the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 without flowing the refrigerant to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38. Although two heating modes of the heating mode B for inflow are selected, in the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 13, during the heating operation, the two-way valve 108 is opened, and the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 and the vehicle exterior heat exchange are performed. Heating mode A, in which the refrigerant flows into both of the heat exchangers 38 and merges again on the suction side of the compressor 31, and the two-way valve 108 is closed, so that the refrigerant does not flow into the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 and the heat outside the vehicle compartment is discharged. Heating in which refrigerant flows only into exchanger 38 To select two of the heating mode of over-de-C. In the heating mode C, the outside heat exchanger 38 is not affected by the operation state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35.
Heating mode A
To the heating mode C to change the outside heat exchanger 3
8, heat radiation to the outside air can be prevented.

FIG. 10 shows the configuration of another vapor compression cycle. In this embodiment, during the heating operation, the refrigerant flow is diverted downstream of the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33, and if the two-way valve 108 is open, the exterior heat exchanger 38 and the heat-absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 are opened. Flows in both directions, and when the two-way valve 108 is in the closed state, the refrigerant flows only in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38. The refrigerant flowing into the exterior heat exchanger 38 is adiabatically expanded by the expansion valve 106, and the refrigerant flowing into the heat absorption interior heat exchanger 35 is adiabatically expanded by the expansion valve 34. Further, the two-way valve 100 functions similarly to the two-way valve 100 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 to 9.

FIG. 11 shows a vapor compression cycle of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. In this embodiment, in order to lower the operating temperature (operating pressure) of the heat absorbing passenger compartment heat exchanger 35, the refrigerant flowing into the heat absorbing passenger compartment heat exchanger 35 is adiabatically expanded by the expansion valve 106, and then further expanded. The adiabatic expansion is performed by the valve 34. Further, the two-way valve 100 functions similarly to the two-way valve 100 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 to 9.

FIG. 12 shows a vapor compression cycle of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIGS. In this embodiment, by arranging the two-way valves 108 and 110 in parallel, a cooling operation and a heating operation can be performed by one expansion valve. That is, during the cooling operation, the two-way valve 108 is set to the closed state and the two-way valve 110 is set to the open state.
In the heating operation, the two-way valve 110 is set to the closed state, and the two-way valve 108 opens and closes according to the operation state of the cycle. Thus, the heating mode A is set in the open state, and the heating mode C is set in the closed state. In addition, the two-way valve 100 is similar to that shown in FIGS.
9 operates similarly to the two-way valve 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 shows a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment. In this embodiment, the heat-dissipating interior heat exchanger 33 is provided downstream of the two-way valve 81, and the two-way valves 111 and 108 are arranged in parallel. It can be used as a reheat heat source. That is, during the cooling operation, the two-way valve 108 is set to the closed state and the two-way valve 111 is set to the open state.
In the heating operation, the two-way valve 111 is set to the closed state, and the two-way valve 108 opens and closes according to the operation state of the cycle. Thus, the heating mode A is set in the open state, and the heating mode C is set in the closed state. In addition, the two-way valve 100 is similar to that shown in FIGS.
9 operates similarly to the two-way valve 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show the two-way valve 10 during the heating operation.
14 is a time chart showing the opening and closing operation of the two-way valve 103. FIG. 14 shows a case where the time until the end of the heating warm-up operation is long under a condition where the outside air temperature is relatively low, and FIG. The case where the time until the end of the heating warm-up operation is short under the condition is shown. 7 and 8, the same control as that of the two-way valve 100 is performed on the two-way valve 75. In the embodiments shown in FIGS.
For 08, the same control as that of the two-way valve 103 is performed. FIG.
In 4, the two-way valve 100 is closed and the two-way valve 103 is opened simultaneously with the start of the operation, and the two-way valve 100 is closed until the first set time tset elapses from the start of the heating operation. As described above, the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35
Until the operating temperature of the outside heat exchanger reaches the minimum temperature, the two-way valve 100 is closed during this time because heat cannot be absorbed from the outside air even if the operating temperature of the outside heat exchanger 38 is lower than the outside air temperature. This can reduce the amount of refrigerant flowing into the compressor 31 from the external heat exchanger 38 immediately after the start of operation, and thus can play a role of preventing the compressor 31 from backing out of liquid. In this case, the two-way valve 100 is opened after a lapse of a set time from the start of operation. However, the operation state (temperature and temperature) of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 and the exterior heat exchanger 38 is not limited to the set time. Pressure) may be detected to determine the timing of opening the two-way valve 100.

At time t2, at least one of the determination conditions is satisfied, and the two-way valve 103 that has started the heating operation in the open state is closed. Here, the determination condition is that the refrigerant temperature at the entrance of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment is higher than (outside air temperature-α1).
The temperature of air blown from the heat exchanger inside the heat exchanger is (outside air temperature-α
2) higher than the above, or the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment is lower than (outside air temperature-α3), which is obtained by utilizing the characteristics of the vapor compression cycle shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Condition. The two-way valve 103 closed at the time t2 is
In order to prevent heat radiation from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 38 to the outside air, the closed state is maintained until the operation is stopped. Note that ~
Is determined after a lapse of a set time from the start of operation or after the operation states of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 and the exterior heat exchanger 38 have reached the set state in order to prevent erroneous determination immediately after the start of operation. .

When the two-way valve 103 is closed at time t2, the two-way valve 10
Set 0 to closed state. Between time t2 and time t4,
Although no refrigerant flows into the outside heat exchanger 38, the refrigerant in the outside heat exchanger 38 is sucked into the compressor 31 from one end of the outside heat exchanger 38 communicating with the suction side of the compressor 31. The time t3 is a time when the heating warm-up determination unit determines that the interior of the vehicle has reached a predetermined temperature and the heating warm-up is completed.

In FIG. 15, the two-way valve 10
0 is set to the closed state, the two-way valve 103 is set to the open state, and the two-way valve 100 is closed until the first set time tset elapses from the start of the heating operation. As described above, until the operating temperature of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 reaches the minimum temperature from the start of operation, even if the operating temperature of the exterior heat exchanger 38 is lower than the outside temperature, heat cannot be absorbed from the outside air. Therefore, during this time, the two-way valve 100 is closed. This can reduce the amount of refrigerant flowing into the compressor 31 from the external heat exchanger 38 immediately after the start of operation, and thus can play a role of preventing the compressor 31 from backing out of liquid. In this case, the two-way valve 100 is opened after a lapse of a set time from the start of operation. However, the operation state (temperature and temperature) of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 and the exterior heat exchanger 38 is not limited to the set time. Pressure) may be detected to determine the timing of opening the two-way valve 100.

Time t2 is a time when the vehicle interior temperature reaches a predetermined temperature and the heating warm-up operation is completed.
If the termination of the heating warm-up operation is earlier than the satisfaction of the determination conditions, the two-way valve 103 is set from the open state to the closed state at the end of the heating warm-up operation. This is because if the compressor frequency is lowered after the heating warm-up operation is completed, the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35
Is increased, and the heat is easily released from the outside heat exchanger 38 to the outside air. The two-way valve 103, which is closed at the time t2, maintains the closed state until the operation is stopped in order to prevent heat radiation from the outside heat exchanger 38 to the outside air.

Time t3 is a time when at least one of the determination conditions is satisfied. Here, the judgment condition is that the refrigerant temperature at the entrance of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment is higher than (outside air temperature-α1).
The temperature of the air blown out of the heat exchanger for heat absorption inside the vehicle is (outside air temperature-α
2) higher than the above, or the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment is lower than (outside air temperature-α3), which is obtained by utilizing the characteristics of the vapor compression cycle shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Condition. However, since the two-way valve 103 has already been closed at the time t2, the opening and closing control of the two-way valves 100 and 103 is not performed here. In order to prevent the erroneous determination immediately after the start of the operation, the determination of-after the set time elapses from the start of the operation, or the operation states of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger 35 and the exterior heat exchanger 38 have reached the set state. Will be implemented later.

When the two-way valve 103 is closed at time t2, the two-way valve 10
Set 0 to closed state. From time t2 to time t4, no refrigerant flows into the exterior heat exchanger 38, but from one end of the exterior heat exchanger 38 communicating with the suction side of the compressor 31, the refrigerant inside the exterior heat exchanger 38 Inhaled to.

FIG. 16 shows a control flow of the embodiment. When an ignition switch (not shown) is turned on and the control device 43 is energized, control of the air conditioner is started in step 1. In step 2, an abnormality check of sensors and an initial setting of actuators are performed as initial settings, and the process proceeds to step 3. In step 3, it is determined whether or not the blower switch is ON. If the blower switch is ON, the process proceeds to step 7, and if it is OFF, the process proceeds to step 4. If the blower switch is off, it is determined in step 4 whether the compressor 31 is operating. When the compressor is operating, that is, when the blower switch is turned off during the operation in the cooling mode or the heating mode, the process proceeds to step 5 to perform the operation stop control, and the air conditioner operation is stopped in step 6. . On the other hand, if the compressor 31 is not operating in step 4, that is, if the blower switch is turned off during the operation in the air blowing mode, the operation proceeds to step 6 to stop the operation of the air conditioner. In step 6, after setting each actuator to a predetermined state, the operation of the air conditioner is stopped.

If the blower switch is ON in step 3, the process proceeds to step 7, in which sensors such as the outside air temperature, the indoor temperature, the air temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger suction air, the temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger blown air, and solar radiation. Detects actuator outputs such as output, compressor frequency, blower voltage, intake door opening, and air mix door opening. In the following step 8, the blowing mode is selected according to the setting of the occupant. Here, it is assumed that the blowout mode is manually set by the occupant. However, when performing the automatic control, the control is performed in the cooling mode or the heating mode described later, or in the ventilation mode. You may. In step 9, the target outlet temperature is calculated using the sensor output detected in step 7 above. Step 1
At 0, an operation mode is selected according to the target outlet temperature calculated at step 9 and the heat load state of the vehicle detected at step 7. If the cooling operation is to be performed, the process proceeds to step 11 to perform the control in the cooling mode. If the heating operation is performed, the process proceeds to step 12 to perform the control in the heating mode, and the process returns to step 3 again. Step 12 corresponds to heat absorption determination means, warm-up determination means, heating mode switching means, and control means. Control of the blower voltage, compressor frequency, intake door opening, air mix door opening, valve switching, and the like is performed by the control in the cooling mode in step 11 and the control in the heating mode in step 12. If the blow mode is selected in step 10, the process proceeds to step 13.

In step 13, it is determined whether or not the compressor 31 is operating. If the compressor 31 is operating, that is, if the mode is switched from the cooling mode or the heating mode to the air blowing mode, the process proceeds to step 14 to perform the operation stop control. Return to On the other hand, if the compressor 31 is not operating in step 13, the process proceeds to step 15 to continue the control in the air blowing mode, and then returns to step 3. If an operation abnormality is detected during the operation of the compressor 31, the process forcibly jumps to step 4 or step 13 to stop the air conditioner or operate in the air blowing mode.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an outline of control in the heating mode in step 12 of FIG. In step 121, valve control during heating is performed. The two-way valves 100 and 103 are controlled as described above, and the other valves are set to predetermined states. Step 121 corresponds to the heating mode switching means and the control means. In the following step 122, air volume control during heating is performed, and a blower voltage is set. Step 12
In 3, compressor control during heating is performed, and the operating frequency of the compressor 31 is set. Next, in step 124, the air mix door control during heating is performed, and the opening of the air mix door 46 is set. Then, in step 125, intake door control during heating is performed, and intake door 4 is controlled.
Set the opening of 2.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the compressor 31 is the compressor, the exterior heat exchanger 38 is the exterior heat exchanger, the blower fan 37 is the blower, and the radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 33 is the radiating vehicle. Connect the indoor heat exchanger to the expansion valve 3
4, 102, 106, and 108 denote expansion means, the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 35 controls the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, and the control device 4
Reference numeral 3 denotes an endothermic determination unit, a warm-up determination unit, a heating mode switching unit, and a control unit, and the two-way valves 75 and 100 constitute a refrigerant passage opening / closing unit.

[0041]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is determined whether or not it is determined that heat is not absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the vehicle interior heat exchanger based on the cooling state of the heat absorption interior heat exchanger and the outside air temperature. Or, when the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation and it is determined that the warm-up is completed, the heating mode A
Is switched to the heating mode B, so that when the heating warm-up is performed while dehumidifying the vehicle interior, heat radiation from the heat exchanger outside the vehicle to the outside air is prevented, and the warming-up can be quickly and efficiently performed. When the heating operation is performed in the heating mode A at a substantially constant outside temperature, a change in the operation state of the vapor compression cycle is greatly affected by a change in the operation state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger. Therefore, by using the cooling state of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger for the determination, it is determined whether or not the state in which the heat is easily radiated to the outside air is reached earlier than directly measuring the refrigerant temperature of the exterior heat exchanger. be able to. According to the invention of claim 2, the cooling state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger is determined by at least one of the outlet / inlet refrigerant temperature, the outlet / inlet refrigerant pressure, and the surface temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger. It is determined that the refrigerant has not absorbed heat from the outside air into the refrigerant in the outside heat exchanger based on the cooling state and the outside air temperature, or the inside of the vehicle room has reached the predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation. When it is determined that the warm-up is completed, the mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B, so that the cooling state of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger can be accurately determined. Heat radiation from the exchanger to the outside air is prevented, and heating warm-up can be performed quickly and efficiently. According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is determined whether or not it is determined that heat is not absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger based on the temperature difference between the blown air temperature of the heat absorption interior vehicle heat exchanger and the outside air temperature, Alternatively, when the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation and the termination of the warm-up is determined, the mode is switched from the heating mode A to the heating mode B. Therefore, the heating warm is performed while dehumidifying the vehicle interior. When the heat-up is performed, heat radiation from the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment to the outside air is prevented, and the warming-up of the heating can be quickly and efficiently performed. According to the invention of claim 4, a predetermined temperature difference is detected between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment and the outside air temperature, or the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle compartment and the outside air temperature are detected. If a predetermined temperature difference is detected between the outside air temperature and a predetermined temperature difference between the blown air temperature of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the outside air temperature, it is determined that heat is not absorbed from the outside air. I do. In this manner, when it is determined that the refrigerant has not absorbed heat from the outside air in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, or when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation, it is determined that the warm-up is completed. From heating mode A to heating mode B
When the heating warm-up is performed while dehumidifying the interior of the vehicle, heat radiation from the heat exchanger outside the vehicle to the outside air is prevented, and the heating warm-up can be performed quickly and efficiently. According to the invention of claim 5, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the heating operation, it is started to determine whether or not the refrigerant has absorbed heat from the outside air in the outside heat exchanger in the vehicle. At the start, the refrigerant temperature and the outside air temperature are not constant due to the state of the vapor compression cycle immediately before the start of operation or the thermal environment conditions where the vehicle is placed, and in some cases, the determination conditions may be satisfied in the operation start state Such an erroneous determination immediately after the start of operation is avoided. According to the invention of claim 6, since the determination is started after the cooling state of the heat absorbing interior heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger reaches a predetermined state, the operation is started immediately before the operation starts. Depending on the state of the vapor compression cycle and the thermal environment conditions where the vehicle is placed, the refrigerant temperature and the outside air temperature are not constant, and in some cases, the determination conditions may be satisfied in the operation start state, but immediately after such operation start Misjudgment is avoided. According to the invention of claim 7, the refrigerant flow path opening / closing means is provided between the exterior heat exchanger and the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and the refrigerant flow path opening / closing operation is performed until a predetermined time elapses after the heating operation is started. Since the means is set to the closed state, the refrigerant remaining in the external heat exchanger after a predetermined time elapses to make it easy to absorb heat from the outside air, and the refrigerant of the compressor from the external heat exchanger immediately after the start of operation. The reliability of the compressor can be improved by reducing the amount of the refrigerant returning to the suction side in a liquid state.
According to the invention of claim 8, the refrigerant passage opening / closing means is provided between the exterior heat exchanger and the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, and after the heating operation is started, the heat absorption interior heat exchanger or the exterior heat exchanger is provided. Since the refrigerant passage opening / closing means is set to a closed state until the exchanger reaches a predetermined cooling state, after the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger or the vehicle exterior heat exchanger reaches the predetermined cooling state, the vehicle is closed. The amount of refrigerant remaining in the outdoor heat exchanger is increased to make it easier to absorb heat from the outside air, and the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor immediately after the start of operation is reduced to improve the reliability of the compressor. be able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a change over time of a refrigerant temperature as a result of an experiment when a heating operation is performed in a heating mode A.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change over time of an outlet temperature of a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger as a result of an experiment when a heating operation is performed in a heating mode A.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change over time of the inlet / outlet air temperature of a heat exchanger outside a vehicle as a result of an experiment when a heating operation is performed in a heating mode A;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a vapor compression cycle of another embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a time chart showing the operation of the two-way valves 100 and 103 when the heating warm-up operation is long.

FIG. 15 is a time chart showing the operation of the two-way valves 100 and 103 when the heating warm-up operation is short.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a control program according to the embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing control in a heating mode in step 12 of FIG. 16;

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 31 compressor 32 three-way valve 33 heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger 34, 102, 106, 108 expansion valve 35 heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger 36 liquid tank 37 blower fan 38 vehicle exterior heat exchanger 43 controller 44 blower fan motor 80 , 81 Check valve 73 Four-way valve 70,71,74,75,100,103,108,1
10,111 Two-way valve 101 Bypass path

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-278451 (JP, A) JP-A-3-99931 (JP, A) JP-A-7-19680 (JP, A) JP-A-3-50462 (JP) JP-A-5-319071 (JP, A) JP-A-6-347111 (JP, A) JP-A-61-54315 (JP, A) JP-A-62-251226 (JP, A) 58-49868 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model 2-130808 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 2-567 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 5-66483 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 58-124768 (JP, U.S.A.) U) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60H 1/32 623 B60H 1/32 624 B60H 1/22 651

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and an internal heat exchanger for heat radiation for radiating heat of the refrigerant to air blown by a blowing means. An expansion unit for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant; and a heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air blown by the blowing unit into the refrigerant, the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger. A heating mode A in which the heat is absorbed by the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and the heating operation is performed again while being joined on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor. A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle having a heating mode B in which heating operation is performed while flowing the refrigerant condensed in either the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger or the vehicle exterior heat exchanger. Outdoor heat Heat absorption determining means for determining whether or not the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant from the outside air in the exchanger; warm-up determining means for determining the end of warm-up when the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation; After starting the heating operation in the heating mode A, if the heat absorption determining means determines that heat is not absorbed from the outside air, or if the warm-up determining means determines that warm-up is completed, the heating mode A And a heating mode switching means for switching from the heating mode to the heating mode B , wherein the heat absorption determining means cools the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger.
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the determination is made based on a state and an outside air temperature . 2. The heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption determining means is an outlet of the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger.
/ Inlet refrigerant temperature, outlet / inlet refrigerant pressure and surface temperature
Heat generated by the heat absorbing vehicle interior by at least one of
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle , wherein a cooling state of the exchanger is determined . 3. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a discharger for releasing heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means.
A heat exchanger in the passenger compartment for heat, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and absorbing heat of air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant.
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger is heat-absorbed.
To the vehicle interior heat exchanger and the exterior heat exchanger,
Once while merging at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor
Heating mode A in which heating operation is performed , and the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is subjected to the heat absorption
Either the heat exchanger inside the car or the heat exchanger outside the car
There is a heating mode B that performs heating operation while flowing to one side
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the outside heat exchanger is absorbing heat from the outside air to the refrigerant.
Heat-absorbing determination means for determining whether the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation
Warm-up judgment hand to judge the end of warm-up
And stage, from the start of the heating operation in the heating mode A, the endothermic
It is determined that the heat is not absorbed from outside air by the determination means
Or warm by the warm-up determination means.
When the up end is determined, the heating mode A is switched to the heating mode A.
Heating mode switching means for switching to heating mode B
In addition, the heat absorption determining means is configured to output the heat from the heat absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger.
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the determination is made based on a temperature difference between an air temperature and an outside air temperature . 4. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a radiator for dissipating heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means.
A heat exchanger in the passenger compartment for heat, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and absorbing heat of air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant.
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger is heat-absorbed.
To the vehicle interior heat exchanger and the exterior heat exchanger,
Once while merging at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor
Heating mode A in which heating operation is performed , and the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is subjected to the heat absorption
Either the heat exchanger inside the car or the heat exchanger outside the car
There is a heating mode B that performs heating operation while flowing to one side
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the outside heat exchanger is absorbing heat from the outside air to the refrigerant.
Heat-absorbing determination means for determining whether the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation
Warm-up judgment hand to judge the end of warm-up
And stage, from the start of the heating operation in the heating mode A, the endothermic
It is determined that the heat is not absorbed from outside air by the determination means
Or warm by the warm-up determination means.
When the up end is determined, the heating mode A is switched to the heating mode A.
Heating mode switching means for switching to heating mode B
In addition, the heat absorption determining means is configured to control the cooling air flowing into the vehicle exterior heat exchanger.
Whether a predetermined temperature difference is detected between the medium temperature and the outside air temperature,
Alternatively, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the outside air
A predetermined temperature difference from the temperature is detected, or
The location between the outside air temperature and the
If a constant temperature difference is detected, it is determined that heat is not absorbed from the outside air.
Vehicular heat pump type cooling and heating apparatus characterized by a constant. 5. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a radiator for releasing heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means.
A heat exchanger in the passenger compartment for heat, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and absorbing heat of air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant.
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger is heat-absorbed.
Use inner heat exchanger before SL wheel outdoor heat exchanger and flowing binary, Fu
Once while merging at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor
Heating mode A in which heating operation is performed , and the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is subjected to the heat absorption
Either the heat exchanger inside the car or the heat exchanger outside the car
There is a heating mode B that performs heating operation while flowing to one side
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the outside heat exchanger is absorbing heat from the outside air to the refrigerant.
Heat-absorbing determination means for determining whether the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation
Warm-up judgment hand to judge the end of warm-up
And stage, from the start of the heating operation in the heating mode A, the endothermic
It is determined that the heat is not absorbed from outside air by the determination means
Or warm by the warm-up determination means.
When the up end is determined, the heating mode A is switched to the heating mode A.
Heating mode switching means for switching to heating mode B
In addition, the heat absorption determining means performs a predetermined time after starting the heating operation.
A heat pump type cooling / heating apparatus for a vehicle , wherein the determination is started after the elapse of the time . 6. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a radiator for radiating heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means.
A heat exchanger in the passenger compartment for heat, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and absorbing heat of air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant.
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger is heat-absorbed.
To the vehicle interior heat exchanger and the exterior heat exchanger,
Once while merging at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor
Heating mode A in which heating operation is performed , and the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is subjected to the heat absorption
Either the heat exchanger inside the car or the heat exchanger outside the car
There is a heating mode B that performs heating operation while flowing to one side
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the outside heat exchanger is absorbing heat from the outside air to the refrigerant.
Heat-absorbing determination means for determining whether the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation
Warm-up judgment hand to judge the end of warm-up
And stage, from the start of the heating operation in the heating mode A, the endothermic
It is determined that the heat is not absorbed from outside air by the determination means
Or warm by the warm-up determination means.
When the up end is determined, the heating mode A is switched to the heating mode A.
Heating mode switching means for switching to heating mode B
The heat absorption determining means may include the heat absorption vehicle interior heat exchanger or
After the cooling state of the outside heat exchanger reaches a predetermined state
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, characterized in that the determination is started . 7. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a radiator for radiating heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means.
A heat exchanger in the passenger compartment for heat, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and absorbing heat of air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant.
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger is heat-absorbed.
To the vehicle interior heat exchanger and the exterior heat exchanger,
Once while merging at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor
Heating mode A in which heating operation is performed , and the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is subjected to the heat absorption
Either the heat exchanger inside the car or the heat exchanger outside the car
There is a heating mode B that performs heating operation while flowing to one side
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the outside heat exchanger is absorbing heat from the outside air to the refrigerant.
Heat-absorbing determination means for determining whether the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation
Warm-up judgment hand to judge the end of warm-up
And stage, from the start of the heating operation in the heating mode A, the endothermic
It is determined that the heat is not absorbed from outside air by the determination means
Or by the warm-up judging means c Omu
When the up end is determined, the heating mode A is switched to the heating mode A.
Heating mode switching means for switching to a heating mode B; and a refrigerant suction side of the exterior heat exchanger and the compressor.
A cooling medium passage opening / closing means provided between the cooling chamber and the cooling chamber until a predetermined time elapses after the heating operation is started.
Control means for setting the medium flow path opening / closing means to a closed state . 8. A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an external heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and a radiator for radiating heat of the refrigerant to air blown by blowing means.
A heat exchanger in the passenger compartment for heat, expansion means for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant, and absorbing heat of air blown by the blowing means to the refrigerant.
A heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant condensed in the heat-radiating vehicle interior heat exchanger is heat-absorbed.
To the vehicle interior heat exchanger and the exterior heat exchanger,
Once while merging at the refrigerant suction side of the compressor
Heating mode A in which heating operation is performed , and the refrigerant condensed in the heat-dissipating vehicle interior heat exchanger is subjected to the heat absorption
Either the heat exchanger inside the car or the heat exchanger outside the car
There is a heating mode B that performs heating operation while flowing to one side
A heat pump type cooling / heating device for a vehicle, wherein the outside heat exchanger is absorbing heat from the outside air to the refrigerant.
Heat-absorbing determination means for determining whether the interior of the vehicle reaches a predetermined temperature after starting the heating operation
Warm-up judgment hand to judge the end of warm-up
And stage, from the start of the heating operation in the heating mode A, the endothermic
It is determined that the heat is not absorbed from outside air by the determination means
Or warm by the warm-up determination means.
When the up end is determined, the heating mode A is switched to the heating mode A.
Heating mode switching means for switching to a heating mode B; and a refrigerant suction side of the exterior heat exchanger and the compressor.
Refrigerant passage opening / closing means provided between the heat-absorbing vehicle interior heat exchanger and the heating operation after starting the heating operation.
Before the outside heat exchanger reaches a predetermined cooling state.
Control means for setting the refrigerant flow path opening / closing means to a closed state.
A heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle, characterized in that: