JP3310145B2 - Stack of glass plates - Google Patents
Stack of glass platesInfo
- Publication number
- JP3310145B2 JP3310145B2 JP26569595A JP26569595A JP3310145B2 JP 3310145 B2 JP3310145 B2 JP 3310145B2 JP 26569595 A JP26569595 A JP 26569595A JP 26569595 A JP26569595 A JP 26569595A JP 3310145 B2 JP3310145 B2 JP 3310145B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- glass plate
- glass
- conductive film
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMSGUKVDXXTJDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-naphthalen-1-ylethylamino)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCNC(=O)CCC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 CMSGUKVDXXTJDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、金属あるいは金属
酸化物などの導電性被膜付きガラス板を他の複数の導電
性被膜付きガラス板との間にスペーサーを介在させたガ
ラス板の積重体に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a stack of glass sheets in which a spacer is interposed between a glass sheet having a conductive film such as a metal or a metal oxide and a plurality of other glass sheets having a conductive film. .
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、ガラス板を複数枚積み重ねる際
に、スペーサを介在させないと、ガラス板同士が接触し
て損傷する恐れがあるので、一般的には、スペーサとし
て合紙が広く使用されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when stacking a plurality of glass plates, if a spacer is not interposed, the glass plates may come into contact with each other and may be damaged. In general, interleaf paper is widely used as a spacer. I have.
【０００３】また、アジピン酸などのやけ抑止剤を含有
する粉末を介在させる方法も特開昭４９−７６９１６号
などとして提案されている。A method of interposing a powder containing a burn inhibitor such as adipic acid has also been proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 49-76916.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、合紙を
使用すると、自動化の設備が大型になる上に、紙のしわ
が紙跡を生じる恐れもあった。However, when interleaving paper is used, the automation equipment becomes large, and wrinkles of the paper may cause paper marks.
【０００５】また、粉末にやけ抑止剤を添加したスペー
サは金属性被膜などの導電性被膜がコーティングされた
ガラス板に適用すると、導電性被膜に抑制剤の斑点が生
じ、欠陥品となる恐れがあった。[0005] Further, when a spacer in which a burn-in inhibitor is added to a powder is applied to a glass plate coated with a conductive film such as a metal film, spots of the inhibitor are generated in the conductive film, which may result in defective products. there were.
【０００６】本発明はこのような点に鑑みてなされたも
のであり、スペーサの散布が簡易設備で容易に行うこと
ができ、斑点の生ずる恐れもなく、しかも粉末の除去が
水洗などの方法により容易に行うことができるガラス板
積重体を提供することを目的とする。[0006] The present invention has been made in view of such a point, the spacer can be easily sprayed with simple equipment, there is no risk of spots, and the powder is removed by a method such as washing with water. An object of the present invention is to provide a glass sheet stack that can be easily performed.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、導電性被膜付
きガラス板を他の導電性被膜付きガラス板と積み重ねた
積重体において、帯電させた樹脂粉末をガラス板間に介
在させるようにしたことを特徴とするものであり、樹脂
粉末はその粒径が１５０〜３５０μｍであり、樹脂はポ
リメチルメタアクリレート、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレ
ンからなるようにすると好ましい。さらに、樹脂粉末
は、０．５ｇ／ｍ2〜５ｇ／ｍ2の密度で散布され、その
後１０ＫＶ〜２０ＫＶの直流電圧を印加して帯電された
ものが好ましい。According to the present invention, a charged resin powder is interposed between glass sheets in a stack in which a glass sheet with a conductive film is stacked with another glass sheet with a conductive film. The resin powder preferably has a particle size of 150 to 350 μm, and the resin is preferably made of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, or polystyrene. Further, the resin powder is sprayed at a density of 0.5g / m 2 ~5g / m 2 , preferably those charged by then applying a DC voltage of 10KV～20KV.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明者らは、導電膜が形成され
ていないガラス板のみ、あるいは導電性被膜付きガラス
板に、予め直流電圧を印加して、その後樹脂粉末を散布
するのでは、ガラス板あるいは導電膜への付着力が弱
く、水平方向から垂直方向に姿勢を変更すると、ほとん
ど粉末が落下してしまうが、また、導電膜が形成されて
いないガラス板のみに樹脂粉末を散布して、その後直流
電圧を印加して、帯電させてもやはり粉末の付着力が弱
く、ほとんど落下してしまうが、導電性被膜付きガラス
板の導電膜に樹脂粉末を散布した後、直流電圧を印加し
て帯電させると、その条件を選定してやれば、付着力が
強く、水平状態から垂直状態に姿勢を変えても、粉末の
落下を抑えることを見いだして本発明をなしたものであ
る。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present inventors apply a DC voltage to only a glass plate on which a conductive film is not formed or a glass plate with a conductive film in advance, and then spray resin powder. When the posture is changed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, the powder almost drops when the adhesion to the glass plate or conductive film is weak, but the resin powder is sprayed only on the glass plate on which the conductive film is not formed. After that, if a DC voltage is applied and then the powder is charged, the adhesion of the powder is still weak and the powder almost falls, but after the resin powder is sprayed on the conductive film of the glass plate with the conductive coating, the DC voltage is applied. The present invention is based on the finding that if the conditions are selected, the adhesion is strong and the powder is prevented from falling even when the posture is changed from a horizontal state to a vertical state.
【０００９】本発明の導電性被膜付きガラス板は、通常
のガラス板にＡｇとＺｎＯを多層に形成したもの、Ｔｉ
Ｎ膜、ＮＥＳＡ膜、ＩＴＯ膜などの導電性被膜をコーテ
ィングしたものであり、このガラスに、粒径が好ましく
は１５０〜３５０μｍの樹脂粉末を散布するものである
が、粉末は帯電しやすく、跡が残らないようなものであ
り、後工程において、水洗が容易なものであればよい
が、ポリメチルメタアクリレート、ポリエチレン、ポリ
スチレンが好ましく、ポリテトラフロオロエチレン（Ｐ
ＴＦＥ）、フッ化ビニリデン樹脂（ＰＶＤＦ）などのフ
ッ素樹脂も使用することができる。The glass plate with a conductive coating according to the present invention is obtained by forming a multilayer of Ag and ZnO on a normal glass plate,
It is coated with a conductive film such as an N film, a NESA film, and an ITO film. A resin powder having a particle size of preferably 150 to 350 μm is sprayed on this glass. Any material may be used as long as it can be easily washed with water in a subsequent step. However, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and polystyrene are preferable, and polytetrafluoroethylene (P
Fluorine resins such as TFE) and vinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF) can also be used.
【００１０】またその粒径は１５０μより小さいと、ガ
ラス板面に残った切り屑（微小なガラス片）の径より小
さくなる可能性があり、そうなるとこの微小なガラス片
によってガラス板に傷が発生しやすくなる。また、粒径
が３５０μより大きいと、特に垂直にガラス板を立てか
けたときに落下する割合が増えるので、粒径は１５０μ
〜３５０μの範囲にする方が好ましい。If the particle size is smaller than 150 μm, there is a possibility that the size of the chips (small glass pieces) remaining on the surface of the glass sheet is smaller than that of the chips. Easier to do. Further, if the particle size is larger than 350 μm, the ratio of falling particularly when the glass plate is leaned vertically increases, so that the particle size is 150 μm.
It is more preferable to set the range to 350 μm.
【００１１】粉末をガラス板に散布するには、ガラス板
が搬送されているときに、搬送経路中に設置された散布
機から、粉末の密度がほぼ一様になるように散布する。
散布機は回転するローラにベルトなどのドクターブレー
ドを接触させ、ローラの上部の粉末容器から樹脂粉末を
ローラとブレードの間を通して下部に散布するドクター
ブレード式の散布機など、通常汎用されている散布機を
使用することができる。In order to spray the powder on the glass plate, the powder is sprayed from a sprayer installed in the transfer path so that the density of the powder is substantially uniform while the glass plate is being conveyed.
Sprayers are commonly used, such as doctor blade type sprayers, which contact a rotating roller with a doctor blade such as a belt, and spray resin powder from the powder container above the roller between the roller and the blade to the lower part. Machine can be used.
【００１２】また、散布される粒子の密度について、
０．５ｇ／ｍ2より小さいと、隣接するガラス板同士が
接触して、スペーサとしての機能を果たさなくなる恐れ
があり、また、５ｇ／ｍ2より大きいと、スペーサとし
て機能しない粒子がかなり存在し、３ｇ／ｍ2程度で十
分スペーサとして機能させることができるので、密度は
０．５ｇ／ｍ2〜５ｇ／ｍ2の範囲が好ましく、より好ま
しくは０．５ｇ／ｍ2〜３ｇ／ｍ2の範囲とすればよい。Further, regarding the density of the particles to be sprayed,
If it is less than 0.5 g / m 2 , adjacent glass plates may come into contact with each other and may not function as a spacer. If it is more than 5 g / m 2 , there are considerable particles that do not function as a spacer. , it is possible to function as a sufficient spacer of about 3 g / m 2, the density is preferably in the range of 0.5g / m 2 ~5g / m 2 , more preferably 0.5g / m 2 ~3g / m 2 What is necessary is just a range.
【００１３】帯電させるには、予め導電膜に樹脂粉末が
散布されたガラス板を搬送装置により搬送させながら、
搬送経路中に設置された帯電装置により、直流電圧を好
ましくは１０ＫＶ〜２０ＫＶの範囲で印加して、帯電さ
せる。この場合に印加電圧が１０ＫＶより小さいと樹脂
粉末が十分帯電せず、ガラス板を水平状態から立てかけ
たときに樹脂粉末の落下量が多く、２０ＫＶより大きい
と板面の導電性膜と電極の間、特にガラス板面の端面近
傍で火花を生じ、導電性膜を損傷させるので、印加電圧
は１０ＫＶ〜２０ＫＶの範囲、特に１５ＫＶ〜１８ＫＶ
の範囲が好ましい。[0013] In order to charge the glass plate, a glass plate on which a resin powder has been sprayed in advance on a conductive film is transported by a transport device.
A charging device installed in the transport path applies a DC voltage, preferably in a range of 10 KV to 20 KV, to perform charging. In this case, when the applied voltage is less than 10 KV, the resin powder is not sufficiently charged, and when the glass plate is leaned from a horizontal state, a large amount of the resin powder falls. In particular, a spark is generated in the vicinity of the end face of the glass plate surface and damages the conductive film. Therefore, the applied voltage is in the range of 10 KV to 20 KV, particularly 15 KV to 18 KV.
Is preferable.
【００１４】このようにして得られたガラス板は立てか
けても、帯電しているので７０％程度は残り、十分スペ
ーサとして機能することができる。The glass plate thus obtained is charged, so that about 70% of the glass plate remains even if it stands up, and can sufficiently function as a spacer.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明を詳細に
説明する。図１は、ガラス板に粉末を散布し、粉末を帯
電させるための要部正面図であり、図２は散布機を示す
一部断面図である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a main part for spraying powder on a glass plate and charging the powder, and FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the sprayer.
【００１６】上面にスパッタなどの方法により形成され
たＡｇとＺｎＯの多層膜からなる導電性被膜１’付きガ
ラス板１はロールコンベアなどの搬送装置２上を搬送さ
れており、所定の場所まで搬送されると、容器３1、散
布ローラ３2、ドクターブレード３3などから構成される
ドクターブレード式の散布機３を駆動し、粒径が例えば
２００μのメチルメタアクリレートなどの樹脂粉末４を
ガラス板１の上に密度が約２ｇ／ｍ2となるように散布
する。A glass plate 1 having a conductive film 1 'formed of a multilayer film of Ag and ZnO formed on the upper surface by a method such as sputtering is transported on a transport device 2 such as a roll conveyor and transported to a predetermined place. Once the container 3 1, spraying roller 3 2 to drive the spreaders 3 constituted doctor bladed from doctor blade 3 3, a glass plate resin powder 4 such as particle size, for example, methyl methacrylate of 200μ Spray on top of 1 to a density of about 2 g / m 2 .
【００１７】その後、ガラス板の下部にチャンネル形状
の補助電極（アース電極）をガラス板から５ｍｍ程度離
して配設し上部にマイナス電極として、針状の電極を、
ガラスの搬送方向と直角方向に２０ｍｍピッチで、ガラ
ス板から５０ｍｍ程度離して配設した帯電装置５により
マイナス電極に１８ＫＶの電圧を、ガラス板１が帯電装
置を通過するときに、印加する。Thereafter, a channel-shaped auxiliary electrode (earth electrode) is disposed at a lower portion of the glass plate at a distance of about 5 mm from the glass plate, and a needle-shaped electrode is provided as a negative electrode at the upper portion.
A voltage of 18 KV is applied to the negative electrode by the charging device 5 arranged at a pitch of 20 mm in a direction perpendicular to the glass transport direction and at a distance of about 50 mm from the glass plate when the glass plate 1 passes through the charging device.
【００１８】ガラス板はその後、搬送経路から取り出さ
れ、水平位置から、垂直状態に姿勢を変更し、図示しな
いパレットに複数枚積層する。このようにして得られた
本発明の積重体は、水平位置から垂直位置に姿勢を変更
するときに、若干の粉末粒子の落下があったが、８０％
程度は落下せずに、残っており、しかも導電膜への影響
は全くなく、良好な結果が得られた。Thereafter, the glass plates are taken out from the transport path, the posture is changed from a horizontal position to a vertical position, and a plurality of glass plates are stacked on a pallet (not shown). The stack of the present invention obtained in this way had a slight drop of powder particles when the posture was changed from the horizontal position to the vertical position.
A good result was obtained without dropping to some extent and remaining, without affecting the conductive film at all.
【００１９】また、その後例えば複層ガラスとしてペア
リングする前にこの粉末を水洗すれば容易に除去するこ
とができることを確認した。 比較例 平均粒径が３００μのポリメチルメタアクリレート粉末
に、やけ防止剤としてアジピン酸を粉末との重量比１：
１の割合で加えたものを粉末として散布したものであ
り、それ以外は実施例と同じ条件で帯電させ、水平方向
から垂直方向に姿勢を変え、複数枚積層したところ、導
電膜に斑点が数カ所に生じて、実用に供し得ないことが
判明した。Further, it has been confirmed that the powder can be easily removed by washing with water before pairing as a double-layer glass thereafter. Comparative Example Adipic acid was added as an anti-burning agent to a polymethyl methacrylate powder having an average particle diameter of 300 μ in a weight ratio of 1:
The powder added at a ratio of 1 was sprayed as a powder. Otherwise, charging was performed under the same conditions as in the example, the posture was changed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, and a plurality of sheets were laminated. And it was found that it could not be put to practical use.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、スペーサの散布をドク
ターブレード式の散布機など簡易設備で容易に行うこと
ができ、さらに斑点の生ずる恐れもなく、しかも粉末の
除去が水洗などの方法により容易に行うことができるも
のである。According to the present invention, the spacers can be easily sprayed with a simple facility such as a doctor blade type sprayer, and there is no danger of causing spots, and the powder can be removed by a method such as washing with water. It can be easily performed.
【図１】ガラス板に粉末を散布し、粉末を帯電させるた
めの要部正面図である。FIG. 1 is a front view of a main part for spraying powder on a glass plate and charging the powder.
【図２】散布機を示す一部断面図である。FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view showing a sprayer.
１ ガラス板 １’ 導電性被膜 ２ 搬送装置 ３ 散布機 ４ 樹脂粉末 ５ 帯電装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Glass plate 1 'Conductive film 2 Conveying device 3 Sprayer 4 Resin powder 5 Charging device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭49−76916（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平７−236826（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平５−78152（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C03B 40/033 C03C 17/23 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-49-76916 (JP, A) JP-A-7-236826 (JP, A) JP-A-5-78152 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) C03B 40/033 C03C 17/23
Claims (3)
付きガラス板と積み重ねた積重体において、帯電させた
樹脂粉末をガラス板間に介在させるようにしたことを特
徴とするガラス板の積重体。1. A glass sheet having a conductive film, wherein a charged resin powder is interposed between the glass sheets in a stacked body in which a glass sheet with a conductive film is stacked with another glass sheet with a conductive film. Stack.
０μｍであり、樹脂はポリメチルメタアクリレート、ポ
リエチレン、ポリスチレンからなる請求項１記載のガラ
ス板の積重体。2. The charged resin powder has a particle size of 150 to 35.
The stack of glass plates according to claim 1, wherein the resin is made of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, or polystyrene.
密度で散布され、その後１０ＫＶ〜２０ＫＶの直流電圧
を印加して帯電されたものであることを特徴とする請求
項１記載のガラス板の積重体。3. A resin powder is sprayed at a density of 0.5g / m 2 ~5g / m 2 , claim, characterized in that one which is charged and then applying a DC voltage of 10KV~20KV A stack of the glass plates according to 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26569595A JP3310145B2 (en) | 1995-10-13 | 1995-10-13 | Stack of glass plates |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26569595A JP3310145B2 (en) | 1995-10-13 | 1995-10-13 | Stack of glass plates |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09110458A JPH09110458A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
| JP3310145B2 true JP3310145B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 |
Family
ID=17420732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26569595A Expired - Fee Related JP3310145B2 (en) | 1995-10-13 | 1995-10-13 | Stack of glass plates |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3310145B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1163430C (en) | 1997-12-24 | 2004-08-25 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Cushion spacer for glass plate and glass laminate |
| US6735982B2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2004-05-18 | Intel Corporation | Processing relatively thin glass sheets |
| WO2008132853A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-11-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Functional glass substrate, laminate of functional glass substrate, method of using functional glass substrate, and method of laminating functional glass substrate |
| JP2020070093A (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-07 | Ａｇｃ株式会社 | Powder spacer |
| CN114349363B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2024-01-19 | 朗勃(惠州)玻璃技术有限公司 | Layering mechanism based on glass powder spraying machine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1018412A (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1977-10-04 | Ford Motor Company Of Canada | Method of protecting glass in storage |
| JP3167751B2 (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 2001-05-21 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Glass plate spacer and glass plate laminate |
| JPH07236826A (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-09-12 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for spraying powder and granular material and quantitative supply apparatus |
-
1995
- 1995-10-13 JP JP26569595A patent/JP3310145B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09110458A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
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