JP3321381B2 - Crack monitoring method and apparatus in mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer - Google Patents
Crack monitoring method and apparatus in mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layerInfo
- Publication number
- JP3321381B2 JP3321381B2 JP04718397A JP4718397A JP3321381B2 JP 3321381 B2 JP3321381 B2 JP 3321381B2 JP 04718397 A JP04718397 A JP 04718397A JP 4718397 A JP4718397 A JP 4718397A JP 3321381 B2 JP3321381 B2 JP 3321381B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- copper wire
- layer
- slope
- mortar
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 71
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 117
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はモルタル吹付層又はコン
クリ−ト吹付層におけるクラックモニタ−方法及びその
装置に関するもので、地震その他の自然災害による地山
の崩落等の事故を未然に防止する保安管理とその装置の
提供を目的とする。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for monitoring cracks in a mortar spraying layer or a concrete spraying layer, and to prevent accidents such as collapse of the ground due to an earthquake or other natural disaster. Management and provision of the equipment.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に切り通しの法面や崖、造成地の法
面は雨水や地震による崩落を防ぐために施工したモルタ
ル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層において、地震や例え
ば時間的経過の中で地殻の変動や地下水脈の変化による
突発的な崩壊や地震等の変化による地滑り等には何処ま
で耐えられるか、については予測できない未知数の部分
がある。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, cut slopes, cliffs, and slopes of lands to be constructed are mortar sprayed layers or concrete spray layers constructed to prevent collapse due to rainwater or earthquakes. There is an unknown part that cannot be predicted as to what extent it can withstand sudden collapse due to fluctuations in groundwater and changes in groundwater veins or landslides due to changes in earthquakes and the like.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そして、上記のモルタ
ル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層に生じるクラックは、
地震等の自然環境の激変によりその割れ目が広くなって
いる場合は、点検によって危険を察知できることが多
く、本格的な補修工事をする等の保安対策が講じられ
る。ところが、モルタル又はコンクリ−トによる吹付層
において、クラックが細い場合は、それが直ちに崩落事
故につながるとは限らない。しかしながら、クラックや
割れ目がそれ以上に拡大していくと崩落事故につながる
恐れもあるので本来は日夜を問わず継続的に監視するこ
とが望ましい。その場合、短期間に起こるのか、長期間
かかるのかの予測は全く不明な監視体勢を人的に行うに
は作業時間や疲労等の労務管理上に多大な支障があると
共に作業コストが高くつくため、現実には事故につなが
る確率の高いクラックを中心に監視することが実情であ
る。因みに、本出願人が所在する群馬県は、東南方面が
関東平野に開けているが、殆どが山間部であり、多くの
施設が急峻な法面を有している。そのため法面の地質が
多様な生成過程によって、きわめて複雑な様相を呈して
いる場合が多く見られる。そして、それらの施設を保護
するために法面には、緑化植生工事をはじめ、ショット
クリ−ト工法によるモルタル吹付工やコンクリ−ト吹付
工が多く採用され、より高度な法面保護工法が施工され
ている。それらの法面保護工法の中でもモルタル吹付工
法又はコンクリ−ト吹付工法は、法面保護工法としても
最も歴史が古く、法面の風化防止の効果による崩落や落
石予防の効果を上げてきている。ところが上記のモルタ
ル吹付工法又はコンクリ−ト吹付工法は裸地化した法面
の風化や落石を防ぐことに効果はあっても、局部的な地
質の変化や長い年月の経過によって地層の変化に伴う地
層にズレが発生した場合や、吹付層自体の老朽化による
破損などによって発生するクラックに対しては、施工場
所が高所である場合は、管理が非常に困難で確認できな
いで放置される場合が多い。そして、吹付層に発生した
クラックは、そうした地層の変化を正確に示すもので、
法面の崩壊を予知するのには、この上ない性質を有して
いる。The cracks generated in the mortar spraying layer or the concrete spraying layer are as follows.
If the cracks have widened due to a sudden change in the natural environment such as an earthquake, inspections can often detect danger, and security measures such as full-scale repair work are taken. However, if the cracks are thin in the sprayed layer made of mortar or concrete, it does not necessarily lead to a collapse accident immediately. However, if the cracks and cracks are further expanded, it may lead to a collapse accident. Therefore, it is originally desirable to continuously monitor both day and night. In such a case, it is difficult to predict whether it will occur in a short time or it will take a long time. However, in reality, it is a fact that the monitoring is performed mainly on cracks having a high probability of causing an accident. Incidentally, in Gunma prefecture where the present applicant is located, the southeast area is open to the Kanto plain, but most are mountainous areas, and many facilities have steep slopes. For this reason, the geology of the slope often shows an extremely complicated aspect due to various generation processes. In order to protect these facilities, many mortar spraying and concrete spraying methods using the shotcrete method have been adopted on the slopes, including greening vegetation, and more advanced slope protection methods have been implemented. Have been. Among these slope protection methods, the mortar spraying method or the concrete spraying method has the longest history as a slope protection method, and has been effective in preventing collapse and falling rocks by preventing weathering of the slope. However, although the mortar spraying method or the concrete spraying method described above is effective in preventing weathering and falling rocks on a bare slope, it can be affected by local changes in geology or changes in the formation due to the passage of years. When the construction site is located at a high place, it is very difficult to manage it if it is displaced in the accompanying stratum or cracks caused by aging of the spray layer itself are left unchecked. Often. And the cracks that occurred in the spray layer accurately indicate such changes in the stratum,
It has a unique property to predict the collapse of a slope.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】 そこで、本発明は上記
従来の課題を解決し、且つ本発明の目的を達成するため
に提供する。すなわち、吹付工法でクラックをモニター
することは、法面の崩壊予知に大きな効果をもたらすこ
とができ、風化や落石予防を施工の目的とした従来から
特長をもった吹付工法を、さらに、安全対策工法として
発展させることができる。本発明の第１はモルタル吹付
層又はコンクリート層におけるクラックモニター方法に
おいて、モルタル又はコンクリートの吹付工によって、
法面を一定の厚さで面的に被覆する際、その分厚い吹付
層の厚さのうち吹付層表面に近い上層部位に軟銅線を配
し、且つ法面に近い下層部位に硬銅線を配して張設し、
法面の変化で発生するクラックを銅線の切断によってキ
ャッチし、クラックの発生を検知するようにしたもので
ある。本発明の第２はモルタル吹付層又はコンクリート
層におけるクラックモニター方法において、地山の法面
近くの下層部位に硬銅線を配して張設し、吹付層表面近
くの上層部位に軟銅線を配すると共に法面下部から上部
の縦方向に沿って張設し、且つ所定の距離で折り返して
往復すると共に埋設し、同時にモルタルやコンクリート
の吹付材料を打設したものである。本発明の第３はモル
タル吹付層又はコンクリート層におけるクラックモニタ
ー装置において、法面にモルタル又はコンクリートの吹
付材料の打設によって吹付層を形成し、且つその打設時
に法面下部から上部の縦方向に沿って銅線を所定の距離
で掛止具を巻き掛けてＵターン状に折り返して往復させ
ると共に埋め込んで設置し、且つその銅線の両端末を検
知可能な個所まで引出して露呈し、この露呈した銅線の
端末に検出器を取付けて断線の有無を点検するように構
成したものである。本発明の第４はモルタル吹付層又は
コンクリート層におけるクラックモニター装置におい
て、法面の近くにラス網又は鉄筋網若しくは鉄筋格子を
アンカーを介して張りめぐらし、そのラス網又は鉄筋網
などの表面に沿って銅線を配置し、且つモルタル又はコ
ンクリートの打設によって吹付層を成形し、且つその打
設時に法面下部から上部の縦方向に沿って銅線を所定の
距離で掛止具に巻き掛けてＵターン状に折り返して往復
させると共に埋め込んで設置し、且つその銅線の両端末
を検知可能な個所まで引出して露呈し、この露呈した銅
線の端末をケースに収納すると共に検出器具を取付けて
断線の有無を点検するように構成したものである。本発
明の第５はモルタル吹付層又はコンクリート層における
クラックモニター装置において、法面にコンクリート吹
付工によって分厚い吹付層を成形し、且つその打設時に
法面に近い下層部位と、吹付層の表面に近い上層部位に
おいて、法面下部から上部の縦方向に沿って銅線を所定
の距離で掛止具に巻き掛けてＵターン状に折り返して往
復させると共に埋め込んで設置し、且つその銅線両端末
を検知可能な個所まで引出して露呈し、この露呈した銅
線の端末に検出器具を取付けて断線の有無を点検するよ
うに構成したものである。Means for Solving the Problems Accordingly, the present invention is provided to solve the above conventional problems and to achieve the object of the present invention. In other words, monitoring cracks with the spraying method can have a great effect on the prediction of the collapse of the slope, and the spraying method with the conventional features for the purpose of construction to prevent weathering and falling rocks, as well as safety measures It can be developed as a construction method. A first aspect of the present invention is a method for monitoring cracks in a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer, by spraying a mortar or concrete.
Thick spraying when covering the slope with a constant thickness
Place soft copper wire in the upper part of the layer thickness close to the spray layer surface.
And, hard copper wire is arranged and stretched in the lower part near the slope,
Cracks generated due to changes in the slope are caught by cutting the copper wire, and the occurrence of cracks is detected. The second of the present invention in crack monitoring method in mortar spraying layer or concrete layer, stretched by disposing hard copper wire in the lower layer portion near the slope of the natural ground, spray layer surface near
A soft copper wire was placed in the upper layer and stretched along the vertical direction from the lower part of the slope to the upper part, and it was folded back and forth at a predetermined distance and buried, and at the same time, blasting material of mortar and concrete was poured. Things. A third aspect of the present invention is a crack monitoring device for a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer, wherein a spray layer is formed on a slope by spraying a mortar or concrete spray material, and a vertical direction from a lower portion to an upper portion of the slope at the time of the casting. A copper wire is wound around a hook at a predetermined distance along a predetermined distance, folded back into a U-turn shape, reciprocated, embedded and installed, and both ends of the copper wire are pulled out to a detectable location and exposed. The detector is attached to the end of the exposed copper wire to check for disconnection. A fourth aspect of the present invention is a crack monitoring device in a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer, in which a lath net or a reinforcing net or a reinforcing grid is stretched through an anchor near a slope, and along a surface of the lath net or the reinforcing net. A copper wire is placed and a spray layer is formed by casting mortar or concrete, and at the time of the casting, the copper wire is wound around the hook at a predetermined distance from the lower part of the slope to the upper part in the vertical direction. It is folded back in a U-turn shape, reciprocated, embedded and installed, and both ends of the copper wire are pulled out to a detectable location and exposed, and the exposed copper wire end is stored in a case and a detection device is attached. It is configured to check for disconnection. A fifth aspect of the present invention is a crack monitoring device for a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer, wherein a thick spray layer is formed on a slope by a concrete sprayer, and a lower layer portion close to the slope at the time of casting and a surface of the spray layer. In a close upper layer portion, a copper wire is wound around a hook at a predetermined distance along a vertical direction from a lower part of the slope to an upper part, folded back into a U-turn shape, reciprocated, embedded and installed, and both ends of the copper wire Is pulled out to a point where it can be detected and exposed, and a detection tool is attached to the end of the exposed copper wire to check for disconnection.
【０００５】[0005]
【作用】本発明に基づく作用は次のとおりである。すな
わち、地山の法面へのモルタル吹付工やコンクリ−ト吹
付工によって成形する吹付層の略中間部位に銅線を往復
２列に配置しながらモルタル層やコンクリ−ト層の内部
に埋設する。銅線は２本程度を１セットとして、各銅線
ごとに両端末を点検ができる個所まで延長し、且つその
両端末が揃うように法面下部の点検しやすい位置に露呈
させると共にこれをまとめて端末収納用ケ−スに収納す
る。上記の方法において、地震等の発生後において、銅
線の端末を利用して電源がとれる場所においては警報ラ
ンプを接続し、又は電源がとれない場所にあってはテス
タ−による定期的なチェックで断線の有無が点検され
る。The operation of the present invention is as follows. In other words, copper wires are buried in the mortar layer or the concrete layer while arranging copper wires in two reciprocating lines at substantially the middle of the spray layer formed by mortar spraying or concrete spraying on the slope of the ground. . The copper wire is extended to the point where both terminals can be inspected for each copper wire as a set of about 2 wires, and it is exposed at the lower part of the slope where it can be easily inspected so that both terminals are aligned. To the terminal storage case. In the above method, after the occurrence of an earthquake, etc., connect an alarm lamp in places where power can be obtained using copper wire terminals, or perform regular checks with a tester in places where power cannot be obtained. The disconnection is checked.
【０００６】[0006]
【実施例】次に、本発明のモルタル吹付層又はコンクリ
−ト吹付層におけるクラックモニタ−装置の実施例を示
すものである。図１は地山の法面に施工したモルタル吹
付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層にクラックモニタ−を設置
した概略正面図、図２は１本の銅線で縦方向への張設
と、横方向への張設を成した正面図、図３は図１の一部
の概略縦断面図、図４は図３のモルタル吹付層又はコン
クリ−ト吹付層が破損した状態を示す一部の縦断面図、
図５はモルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層内に上下
２段に硬軟２種類の銅線を配置した状態の横断面図、図
６は図５のモルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層が破
損した状態を示す一部の縦断面図、図７は銅線の端末収
納用ケ−スの平面図、図８は図７の８−８線に沿う断面
図である。図１〜図４において、１は地山の法面、２は
モルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層である。前記吹
付層は、モルタル吹付工にあっては８〜１０ｃｍ程度の
厚さであり、コンクリ−ト吹付工にあっては１０〜１５
ｃｍ程度の厚さで施工されるのが普通である。３はラス
網又は鉄筋網若しくは鉄筋格子であり、これを法面１の
近くに張りめぐらしてある。４は銅線６の全長の略中間
部位を巻き掛けてＵ字状に折り返して往復させるための
アンカ−である。５はラス網３又は鉄筋網等の法面１に
対する間隔保持具である。６は銅線であり、前記ラス網
や鉄筋網の埋設と同じようにモルタル吹付層又はコンク
リ−ト吹付層２を成形するためのモルタル又はコンクリ
−ト吹付工において、法面１に近いラス網３又は鉄筋網
等の表面に所定の長さＬで沿わせて適度の引張力をもっ
て配置してある。前記の銅線は掛止具７に巻き掛けてＵ
タ−ン状に折り返して往復２列にして埋設固定し、且つ
当該銅線の端末を法面下部の表面から点検可能な位置ま
で引出して露呈してある。この場合、図２にあっては縦
方向に往復する銅線６を所定の長さＬの中間部位で固定
くぎ形掛止具に引っ掛けて横方向に張り出して往復さ
せ、中間部位で縦下方に沿わせて引張固定したものを示
す。また、前記の銅線は必要に応じてその硬軟の性質を
利用してモルタル吹付層２又はコンクリ−ト吹付層の内
部に適宜組み合わせて配するものとする。すなわち、モ
ルタル吹付工による吹付層２は比較的厚さが薄いので、
軟銅線６を用いる（図４）。他方、コンクリ−ト吹付工
による吹付層はモルタル層に比べて厚さｔが分厚いので
法面１に近い下層部位２１に硬銅線６′を配し、吹付層
表面に近い上層部位２２に軟銅線６を配してある。さら
に前記銅線は、軟銅線及び硬銅線ともに、直径０．５〜
０．７ｍｍで、長さは法面長さ（ｍ）×２本（往復分）
に設定する。そして、軟銅線にあっては適度のなまし機
能を持たせて柔軟性を有し伸び率が高いものを使用され
ている。また、硬銅線にあっては、なましを加える前の
銅線で弾力性があり、且つ伸び率が低く設定されてい
る。７は銅線６の全長の略中間部位を巻き掛けてＵ字状
に折り返して往復させるための固定くぎ等から成る掛止
具である。８は銅線６をラス網３又は鉄筋網等の表面に
掛止するための結束具、９は銅線の端末収納用ケ−スで
あり、銅線６の端末部位を収納するための蓋９1 をボル
ト１１で結合し、且つケ−スの外周面に銅線引込み孔９
０があけられている。この銅線端末収納用ケ−スは、必
要に応じて内部に接続端子を設けてあり、前記の銅線の
端部を接続すると共に、検出器具１０に繋ぐ延長銅線
６″の端部を接続するようになっている。また、当該銅
線端末収納ケ−スはアンカ−４′でモルタル吹付層又は
コンクリ−ト吹付層２の表面に固定される。１０はクラ
ックＣのモニタ−用の検出器具であり、銅線端末収納用
ケ−ス９の銅線に別に用意した銅線６″を接続して引出
し、その端末を検出器具内に引込み、８〜１２Ｖの電流
を通電し、断線状況を電気的に監視し、断線した場合は
検出器具１０内において銅線の端末に接続してある警報
ランプ１０′が点灯するように設定する。なお、当該検
出器具はステンレス板で作り、窓付きで施工地の最寄り
の場所に設置するものとする。Next, an embodiment of a crack monitoring device in a mortar spray layer or a concrete spray layer according to the present invention will be described. Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a mortar spraying layer or a concrete spraying layer installed on the slope of a ground, with a crack monitor installed. Fig. 2 is a single copper wire stretched vertically and horizontally. FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a part of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a state where a mortar spray layer or a concrete spray layer of FIG. 3 is broken. Figure,
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which two types of hard and soft copper wires are arranged in upper and lower two layers in a mortar spraying layer or a concrete spraying layer. FIG. 6 shows a broken mortar spraying layer or a concrete spraying layer in FIG. 7 is a plan view of a case for storing a copper wire terminal, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 1 to 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a slope of the ground, and 2 denotes a mortar spray layer or a concrete spray layer. The spraying layer has a thickness of about 8 to 10 cm for mortar spraying, and 10 to 15 cm for concrete spraying.
It is common to work with a thickness of about cm. Reference numeral 3 denotes a lath net or a reinforcing net or a reinforcing grid, which is stretched near the slope 1. Reference numeral 4 denotes an anchor for winding around a substantially middle portion of the entire length of the copper wire 6, turning it back into a U-shape, and reciprocating. Reference numeral 5 denotes a spacing member for the slope 1 such as a lath net 3 or a reinforcing net. Reference numeral 6 denotes a copper wire. In the mortar or concrete spraying work for forming the mortar spraying layer or the concrete spraying layer 2 in the same manner as embedding the lath net or the reinforcing net, the lath net near the slope 1 is used. 3 or a predetermined length L along the surface of a reinforcing steel net or the like with an appropriate tensile force. The copper wire is wound around the hook 7 and U
The copper wire is folded back in a two-way reciprocating manner, embedded and fixed, and the end of the copper wire is pulled out from the lower surface of the slope to a position where it can be inspected to be exposed. In this case, in FIG. 2, the copper wire 6 that reciprocates in the vertical direction is hooked on a fixed nail-shaped hook at an intermediate portion having a predetermined length L, protrudes in the lateral direction, and reciprocates. Shown is one that is tension-fixed along. Further, the above-mentioned copper wire is arranged in an appropriate combination inside the mortar spraying layer 2 or the concrete spraying layer by utilizing its hard and soft properties as required. That is, since the spraying layer 2 by the mortar spraying work is relatively thin,
A soft copper wire 6 is used (FIG. 4). On the other hand, the spray layer formed by the concrete spraying method has a thicker thickness t than the mortar layer, so that the hard copper wire 6 'is arranged in the lower layer portion 21 close to the slope 1 and the soft copper wire is formed in the upper layer portion 22 close to the spray layer surface. Line 6 is arranged. Further, the copper wire, both soft copper wire and hard copper wire, diameter 0.5 ~
0.7mm, length is slope length (m) x 2 (reciprocating)
Set to. And, in the case of the annealed copper wire, a wire having a moderate smoothing function and having flexibility and a high elongation is used. Further, in the case of hard copper wire, the copper wire before being subjected to annealing is elastic and has a low elongation. Numeral 7 is a hook consisting of a fixing nail or the like for winding around a substantially middle portion of the entire length of the copper wire 6, turning it back into a U-shape, and reciprocating. Reference numeral 8 denotes a tie for hanging the copper wire 6 on the surface of the lath net 3 or a reinforcing bar net, and reference numeral 9 denotes a case for storing the terminal of the copper wire, and a lid for storing the terminal portion of the copper wire 6. 9 1 was bolted 11, and Ke - scan copper retraction hole to the outer peripheral surface of 9
0 has been opened. The case for storing the copper wire terminal is provided with a connection terminal therein as required, and connects the end of the copper wire and the end of the extended copper wire 6 ″ connected to the detection instrument 10. The copper wire terminal housing case is fixed to the surface of the mortar spraying layer or the concrete spraying layer 2 with anchors 4'.10 is a monitor for crack C. This is a detection device. A separately prepared copper wire 6 ″ is connected to the copper wire of the copper wire terminal storage case 9 and pulled out. The terminal is drawn into the detection device, and a current of 8 to 12V is supplied to disconnect the wire. The situation is monitored electrically, and if a disconnection occurs, a setting is made so that an alarm lamp 10 ′ connected to a copper wire terminal in the detection instrument 10 is turned on. The detection device is made of a stainless steel plate, is provided with a window, and is installed at a location closest to the construction site.
【０００７】[0007]
「コンクリ−ト又はモルタルの打設による吹付層の施工
及び検知方法」モルタル又はコンクリ−トの打設による
クラックモニタ−方法にあっては、その吹付層２の施工
時に地山の法面１において、５０ｍ2 〜１００ｍ2 に１
個所の割合で、前記法面に近い部位にエナメルコイルを
可とする銅線６をＵ字状に折り返して往復２列に位置さ
せながらラス網３又は鉄筋網若しくは鉄筋格子の表面に
沿わせ、且つ結束具８で掛止して適度に引張力を保持し
た状態で設置しておく。この状態で、モルタル又はコン
クリ−トの打設によって設定した厚さｔの吹付層２を成
形する。なお、コンクリ−ト吹付工のように、モルタル
吹付工の厚さｔ（例えば８ｃｍ程度）に比べて吹付層が
分厚い場合（例えば１５ｃｍ程度）は、図５及び図６の
ようにコンクリ−ト吹付層２の法面に近い下層部位２１
に硬銅線６′を配し、吹付層の表面に近い上層部位２２
に軟銅線６を配することによって、モルタル吹付層又は
コンクリ−ト吹付層の破損状態を１次断線と２次断線と
の２段階で検知を行う。すなわち、地震その他の地下水
脈の変化等の災害が生じた場合、例えば図５、図６のよ
うにコンクリ−ト吹付層２にあって、その吹付層がクラ
ックＣ等の崩壊状態によって上層部位２２の軟銅線６が
切断しても、下層部位２１の硬銅線６′が切断されてい
ない場合（図６の上部）、及び上層部位２２の軟銅線６
が切断されていなくても下層部位２１の硬銅線６′が切
断している場合（図６の下部）によって、その被害の内
容を把握する。前記の銅線６（又は６′）は２本程度を
１セットとして、各銅線ごとに両端末を点検ができる個
所まで延長し、且つその銅線の両端末が揃うように法面
下部の点検しやすい位置にまとめて端末収納用ケ−ス９
に収納し、さらに適宜の場所に検出器具１０を設置して
監視及び点検ができるようにする。"Construction and detection method of spraying layer by casting concrete or mortar" In the crack monitoring method by casting of mortar or concrete, the slope 1 of the ground is ground when the spraying layer 2 is constructed. , 1 to 50m 2 ~100m 2
At the ratio of the places, the copper wire 6 that enables the enamel coil is folded in a U-shape at a site close to the slope, and is positioned along two rows of reciprocating lines along the surface of the lath net 3 or the reinforcing net or the reinforcing grid, In addition, it is hung by the tying tool 8 and is installed in a state of maintaining a proper tensile force. In this state, the spraying layer 2 having a thickness t set by casting mortar or concrete is formed. When the spray layer is thicker (for example, about 15 cm) than the thickness t (for example, about 8 cm) of the mortar sprayer as in the case of concrete sprayer, concrete spraying is performed as shown in FIGS. Lower part 21 near the slope of layer 2
The hard copper wire 6 'is disposed on the upper layer portion 22 near the surface of the sprayed layer.
By arranging the annealed copper wire 6 on the mortar, a broken state of the mortar spray layer or the concrete spray layer is detected in two stages of primary disconnection and secondary disconnection. That is, when an earthquake or other disaster such as a change in groundwater vein occurs, for example, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the concrete spraying layer 2 is located at the upper part 22 due to the collapse state of the crack C or the like. The hard copper wire 6 ′ of the lower layer portion 21 is not cut even when the soft copper wire 6 of FIG.
If the hard copper wire 6 'in the lower part 21 is cut (the lower part in FIG. 6) even if is not cut, the contents of the damage can be grasped. The copper wire 6 (or 6 ') is extended to a point where both ends of each copper wire can be inspected as a set of about two wires, and the lower portion of the slope is provided so that both ends of the copper wire are aligned. Terminal storage case 9 in a convenient location for easy inspection
And the detection instrument 10 is installed at an appropriate place so that monitoring and inspection can be performed.
【０００８】[0008]
「モルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層に１本の銅線
の設置」 法面１への設置個所を調査し、現状を診断
して設置するモルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層を
決定する法面１の調査測量を行う。→ 設置個所に
ペンキスプレ−等でマ−キングを行う。→ ラス網張
り工又は鉄筋格子張り工、アンカ−工等従来のモルタル
又はコンクリ−トの吹付工の準備を行う。→ 法面１
に近い個所にラス網張りや鉄筋張りをし、同時に所定位
置に銅線６を固定くぎを可とする掛止具７に巻き掛けて
所定の長さ方向に沿って往復２列に引張して設置し、所
定個所に結束具８でラス網３等に掛止した後、モルタル
やコンクリ−ト等の吹付材料を吹付けて所定の厚さｔに
なるまで吹付けを行う。この場合、モルタル吹付工の場
合は軟銅線を用い、コンクリ−ト吹付工の場合は硬銅線
を用いている。"Installation of one copper wire on mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer" A method of investigating the installation location on slope 1 and diagnosing the current condition to determine the mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer to be installed Survey survey of plane 1 is performed. → Mark the installation location with a paint press. → Make preparations for conventional mortar or concrete spraying work such as lath netting, reinforcing bar gridding, anchoring, etc. → Slope 1
At the same time, the copper wire 6 is wrapped around a hook 7 which allows a nail to be fixed at a predetermined position, and pulled in two reciprocating rows along a predetermined length direction. After being installed and hooked to the lath net 3 or the like at a predetermined location with the tying tool 8, spraying material such as mortar or concrete is sprayed to a predetermined thickness t until spraying. In this case, a soft copper wire is used for mortar spraying and a hard copper wire is used for concrete spraying.
【０００９】「コンクリ−ト吹付層に上下段２本の銅線
の設置」 法面１への設置個所を調査し、現状を診断
して設置するコンクリ−ト吹付層２を決定する法面１の
調査測量を行う。→ 設置個所にペンキスプレ−等
でマ−キングを行う。→ 鉄筋張り工、アンカ−打込
み工等従来のコンクリ−トの吹付工の準備を行う。→
法面１に近い個所に鉄筋張りをし、同時に所定位置
に硬銅線６を固定くぎを可とする掛止具７に巻き掛けて
所定の長さ方向に沿って往復２列に引張して設置し、所
定個所に結束具８で鉄筋張り等に掛止した後、コンクリ
−ト等の吹付材料を吹付けて所定の厚さｔ′になるよう
に吹付けを行う。→ コンクリ−ト吹付層２の完成
厚さｔの表面から２〜３ｃｍ程度内側位置（前記の所定
厚さｔ′）に硬銅線６′を掛止具７に巻き掛けて往復２
列に設置する。→ 続いて吹付層２の表面に近い上層
部位２２の軟銅線６の上から吹付材料の吹付けを行って
完成時の厚さｔに成形する。→ 法面１に沿う下部に
端末収納用ケ−ス９を取付けて硬軟の銅線６・６′の端
末を収納する。→ さらに軟銅線６及び硬銅線６′の
端末を内部に引込み、８〜１２Ｖの電流を通電し、切断
時に警報ランプ１０′が点灯するためのステンレス製窓
付屋外用制御盤ボックスの検出器具１０を使用する。→
完成。なお、コンクリ−ト吹付層内に吹付材料を吹付
ける際、多少の時間的な差があっても当該コンクリ−ト
吹付層の吹付成形の完成時にはその厚さｔの方向に断層
が生じないで完全に一体化しているものである。[Installation of two upper and lower copper wires on concrete spraying layer] Slope 1 for investigating the installation location on slope 1 and diagnosing the current condition to determine concrete spraying layer 2 to be installed Survey survey. → Mark the installation location with a paint press. → Make preparations for conventional concrete spraying such as rebar tensioning and anchoring. →
A reinforcing bar is placed at a location close to the slope 1, and at the same time, a hard copper wire 6 is wound around a hook 7 which allows a nail to be fixed at a predetermined position, and is pulled back and forth in two rows along a predetermined length direction. After being installed and hooked to a reinforcing bar or the like with a tying member 8 at a predetermined location, a spraying material such as concrete is sprayed so as to have a predetermined thickness t '. → A hard copper wire 6 'is wound around the hook 7 at a position about 2 to 3 cm inward from the surface of the finished thickness t of the concrete spraying layer 2 (the predetermined thickness t' described above), and the reciprocation 2
Set up in a row. → Subsequently, the spraying material is sprayed from above the soft copper wire 6 in the upper layer portion 22 close to the surface of the spraying layer 2 to form a thickness t at the time of completion. → Attach a terminal storage case 9 at the lower part along the slope 1 to store the terminals of the hard and soft copper wires 6.6 ′. → Further, the terminal of the soft copper wire 6 and the hard copper wire 6 ′ is drawn in, an electric current of 8 to 12 V is supplied, and a detector for an outdoor control panel box with a stainless steel window for turning on the alarm lamp 10 ′ when disconnected. Use 10. →
Complete. When the spraying material is sprayed into the concrete spraying layer, no fault occurs in the direction of the thickness t when the spraying of the concrete spraying layer is completed even if there is a slight time difference. It is completely integrated.
【００１０】「モルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層
における点検方法」 （１） クラックモニタ−の設置後は断線が発生しなく
ても、定期的にテスタ−（図示省略）によるチェックを
巡回点検をして管理する。 （２） 銅線６の切断によってクラックＣの発生が確認
された場合は、設置個所を精密な調査を行う。 （３） 電源の近い場所にあっては、予め銅線６の端末
に接続した検出器具１０に警報ランプを具備し、銅線６
が切断すると電源が入るように設定しておくことによ
り、警報ランプ１０′の点灯によって断線を報知するよ
うに設定する。 （４） 点検は、季節の変り目等、年４回程度行う。ま
た、地震の直後や台風が来るような場合はその前後に行
う。 （５） モルタル吹付層２又はコンクリ−ト吹付層に上
下２段に軟銅線６及び硬銅線６′を設置した場合にあっ
ては、地震又は豪雨等によって地殻変化が生じた場合、
例えば図６のようにコンクリ−ト吹付層２のクラックＣ
によって上層部位の軟銅線６が切断しても、下層部位２
１の硬銅線６′は切断されていない場合（図６の上部ク
ラックＣ）、及び吹付層２の表面に近い上層部位２２の
軟銅線６は切断されていなくても下層部位の硬銅線６′
が切断している場合（図６の下部クラックＣ′）によっ
て、その被害状態の程度を判断する。"Inspection method for mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer" (1) After the crack monitor is installed, even if there is no disconnection, it is checked periodically using a tester (not shown). And manage. (2) If cracks C are found due to the cutting of the copper wire 6, a precise investigation is performed on the installation location. (3) In a place near the power source, the detection instrument 10 previously connected to the terminal of the copper wire 6 is provided with an alarm lamp,
When the power is turned off, the power is turned on so that the alarm lamp 10 'is turned on to notify the disconnection. (4) Inspections should be performed about four times a year, such as when the seasons change. Also, immediately after an earthquake or when a typhoon comes before or after that. (5) When the soft copper wire 6 and the hard copper wire 6 ′ are installed on the mortar spraying layer 2 or the concrete spraying layer in the upper and lower two stages, when the crustal deformation occurs due to an earthquake or heavy rain, etc.
For example, as shown in FIG.
Even if the soft copper wire 6 in the upper part is cut, the lower part 2
1 is not cut (upper crack C in FIG. 6), and the soft copper wire 6 in the upper portion 22 close to the surface of the sprayed layer 2 is hard copper wire in the lower portion even if it is not cut. 6 '
Is cut (lower crack C 'in FIG. 6), the degree of damage is determined.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の効果】本発明は上記の構成であるから、モルタ
ル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層において、クラックモ
ニタ−の取付けが簡単且つ確実である。また取付け工事
の施工過程で施工個所の調査を詳細に行うことができ
る。次に、クラックモニタ−として使用する銅線が切断
されているかどうかはテスタ−等の比較的安価な器具で
正確且つ容易に点検できる。続いて、銅線の切断状況に
よっては、局部的に精密に点検し、危険度が高いと判断
された場合は、切断個所に再度銅線張りを行ない、その
銅線の端末に接続した検出器具で追跡調査を行うことが
できる。さらに、クラックの規模が大きく、危険度がさ
らに高くなると判断される場合は、別途プルスイッチに
よるクラックウオッチャ−を取付けることができる。さ
らに、コンクリ−ト吹付層の下層部位に硬銅線を配し、
上層部位に軟銅線を配することによって、１次断線と２
次断線の２段階の検知を行うことができる。すなわち、
コンクリ−ト吹付層の上層に相当する部位の軟銅線が切
断しても、下層部位の硬銅線が切断されていない場合、
又は上層部位の軟銅線は切断されていなくても下層部位
の硬銅線が切断している場合にあっては、強弱２種類の
銅線の切断又は非切断状態によってその災害状態の内容
が把握できるので、以後の吹付層の崩落等の災害防止の
対応策を講じることができる。According to the present invention, the crack monitor can be easily and reliably attached to the mortar spraying layer or the concrete spraying layer. In addition, it is possible to carry out a detailed investigation of the construction site during the installation process. Next, whether or not the copper wire used as the crack monitor has been cut can be accurately and easily checked with a relatively inexpensive instrument such as a tester. Then, depending on the cutting condition of the copper wire, perform a local and precise inspection.If it is determined that the risk is high, re-coupling of the copper wire at the cutting point is performed, and the detection instrument connected to the end of the copper wire is used. You can follow up with. Further, if it is determined that the size of the crack is large and the risk is further increased, a crack watcher using a pull switch can be separately attached. Furthermore, a hard copper wire is arranged in the lower part of the concrete spray layer,
By arranging soft copper wire in the upper layer, primary disconnection and 2
Two-stage detection of the next disconnection can be performed. That is,
If the soft copper wire in the portion corresponding to the upper layer of the concrete spray layer is cut but the hard copper wire in the lower portion is not cut,
Or, if the hard copper wire in the lower layer is cut even if the soft copper wire in the upper layer is not cut, the contents of the disaster status can be grasped by the cutting or non-cutting state of the two types of copper wire, strong and weak. As a result, it is possible to take countermeasures to prevent disasters such as the subsequent collapse of the spray layer.
【図１】 地山の法面に施工したモルタル吹付層又はコ
ンクリ−ト吹付層にクラックモニタ−を設置した概略正
面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic front view in which a crack monitor is installed on a mortar spray layer or a concrete spray layer constructed on a slope of a ground.
【図２】 １本の銅線で縦方向への張設と、横方向への
張設を成した正面図である。FIG. 2 is a front view in which one copper wire is stretched in the vertical direction and stretched in the horizontal direction.
【図３】 図１の一部の概略縦断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a part of FIG.
【図４】 図３のモルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付
層が破損した状態を示す一部の縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a mortar spray layer or a concrete spray layer of FIG. 3 is damaged.
【図５】 モルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層内に
上下２段に硬軟２種類の銅線を配置した状態の横断面図
である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which two types of hard and soft copper wires are arranged in upper and lower stages in a mortar spraying layer or a concrete spraying layer.
【図６】 図５のモルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付
層が破損した状態を示す一部の縦断面図である。6 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the mortar spray layer or the concrete spray layer of FIG. 5 is broken.
【図７】 銅線端末の収納用ケ−スの平面図である。FIG. 7 is a plan view of a case for storing a copper wire terminal.
【図８】 図７の８−８線に沿う断面図である。FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 7;
１ 地山の法面 ２ モルタル吹付層又はコンクリ−ト吹付層 ３ ラス網又は鉄筋網若しくは鉄筋格子 ４ アンカ− ５ ラス網等の間隔保持具 ６ 銅線 ７ 固定くぎ等から成る掛止具 ８ ラス網又は鉄筋に銅線を掛止するための結束具 ９ 銅線の端末収納用ケ−ス １０ モニタ−用の検出器具 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Slope of the ground 2 Mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer 3 Lath net or reinforced net or reinforced grid 4 Anchor 5 Spacing retainer such as lath net 6 Copper wire 7 Stopper made of fixed nail etc. 8 Lath A tie for hanging a copper wire on a net or a reinforcing bar 9 A case for storing a copper wire terminal 10 A detection device for a monitor
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01D 21/00 E02D 17/20 104 G01N 27/20 G01R 31/02 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) G01D 21/00 E02D 17/20 104 G01N 27/20 G01R 31/02
Claims (5)
って、法面を一定の厚さで面的に被覆する際、その分厚
い吹付層の厚さ（ｔ）のうち吹付層表面に近い上層部位
（２２）に軟銅線（６）を配し、且つ法面（１）に近い
下層部位（２１）に硬銅線（６′）を配して張設し、法
面の変化で発生するクラックを銅線の切断によってキャ
ッチし、クラックの発生を検知するようにしたことを特
徴とするモルタル吹付層又はコンクリート層におけるク
ラックモニター方法。1. When the slope is covered with a constant thickness by spraying mortar or concrete,
Upper layer part close to the spray layer surface in the thickness (t) of the spray layer
(22) Annealed copper wire (6) and close to slope (1)
A hard copper wire (6 ') is arranged and stretched in the lower layer part (21), and a crack generated by a change in the slope is caught by cutting the copper wire, and the occurrence of the crack is detected. Crack monitoring method in a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer.
銅線（６′）を配して張設し、吹付層表面近くの上層部
位（２２）に軟銅線（６）を配すると共に法面下部から
上部の縦方向に沿って張設し、且つ所定の距離(L)で折
り返して往復すると共に埋設し、同時にモルタルやコン
クリートの吹付材料を打設したことを特徴とするモルタ
ル吹付層又はコンクリート層におけるクラックモニター
方法。2. A hard part is formed in a lower part (21) near the slope of the ground.
Copper wire (6 ') is arranged and stretched, and the upper layer near the spray layer surface
Position (22) from the slope bottom with arranging annealed copper wire (6) along the longitudinal direction of the upper stretched over and folded at a predetermined distance (L) embedded with a reciprocating, mortar or concrete at the same time A method for monitoring cracks in a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer, wherein a spray material is cast.
の吹付材料の打設によって吹付層（２）を形成し、且つ
その打設時に法面下部から上部の縦方向に沿って銅線
（６）を所定の距離（Ｌ）で掛止具（７）巻き掛けてＵ
ターン状に折り返して往復させると共に埋め込んで設置
し、且つその銅線の両端末を検知可能な個所まで引出し
て露呈し、この露呈した銅線の端末に検出器具（１０）
を取付けて断線の有無を点検するように構成したことを
特徴とするモルタル吹付層又はコンクリート層における
クラックモニター装置。3. A spray layer (2) is formed on the slope (1) by casting a mortar or concrete spray material, and a copper wire (6) is formed along the longitudinal direction from the lower part of the slope to the upper part during the casting. ) At a predetermined distance (L) around the hook (7)
The copper wire is turned back and forth, reciprocated, embedded and installed, and both ends of the copper wire are pulled out to a detectable point and exposed, and a detection tool (10) is attached to the exposed copper wire terminal.
A crack monitoring device for a mortar spraying layer or a concrete layer, wherein the crack monitoring apparatus is configured to check for the presence or absence of a disconnection by attaching a mortar.
筋網若しくは鉄筋格子をアンカー(４)を介して張りめぐ
らし、そのラス網又は鉄筋網などの表面に沿って銅線
（６）を配置し、且つモルタル又はコンクリートの打設
によって吹付層（２）を成形し、且つその打設時に法面
下部から上部の縦方向に沿って銅線（６）を所定の距離
（Ｌ）で掛止具（７）に巻き掛けてＵターン状に折り返
して往復させると共に埋め込んで設置し、且つその銅線
の両端末を検知可能な個所まで引出して露呈し、この露
呈した銅線の端末をケース（９）に収納すると共に検出
器具（１０）を取付けて断線の有無を点検するように構
成したことを特徴とするモルタル吹付層又はコンクリー
ト層におけるクラックモニター装置。4. A lath net (3) or a reinforcing net or a reinforcing grid is stretched through an anchor (4) near the slope (1), and a copper wire (3) is formed along the surface of the lath net or the reinforcing net. 6) is arranged, and the spraying layer (2) is formed by casting mortar or concrete, and at the time of the casting, a copper wire (6) is vertically extended from a lower part of the slope to a predetermined distance (L). ), Wrap it around the hook (7), turn it back into a U-turn, reciprocate it, embed and install it, pull out both ends of the copper wire to a detectable point, and expose it. A crack monitoring device in a mortar spray layer or a concrete layer, wherein a terminal is housed in a case (9) and a detection tool (10) is attached to check whether there is a disconnection.
て分厚い吹付層（２）を成形し、且つその打設時に法面
に近い下層部位（２１）と、吹付層の表面に近い上層部
位（２２）において、法面下部から上部の縦方向に沿っ
て銅線（６）・（６′）を所定の距離（Ｌ）で掛止具
（７）に巻き掛けてＵターン状に折り返して往復させる
と共に埋め込んで設置し、且つその銅線両端末を検知可
能な個所まで引出して露呈し、この露呈した銅線の端末
に検出器具（１０）を取付けて断線の有無を点検するよ
うに構成したことを特徴とするモルタル吹付層又はコン
クリート層におけるクラックモニター装置。5. A thick spray layer (2) is formed on a slope (1) by a concrete spraying method, and a lower layer portion (21) close to the slope and an upper layer portion (21) close to the surface of the spray layer at the time of casting. 22) In the vertical direction from the lower part of the slope to the upper part, the copper wires (6) and (6 ') are wound around the hook (7) at a predetermined distance (L) and folded back in a U-turn to reciprocate. The copper wire was installed and embedded, and both ends of the copper wire were pulled out to a detectable location and exposed, and a detection instrument (10) was attached to the exposed end of the copper wire to check for disconnection. A crack monitoring device for a mortar spraying layer or a concrete layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04718397A JP3321381B2 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-02-14 | Crack monitoring method and apparatus in mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04718397A JP3321381B2 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-02-14 | Crack monitoring method and apparatus in mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10227665A JPH10227665A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
| JP3321381B2 true JP3321381B2 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
Family
ID=12767985
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04718397A Expired - Fee Related JP3321381B2 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-02-14 | Crack monitoring method and apparatus in mortar spraying layer or concrete spraying layer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3321381B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100690558B1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-03-12 | (주)일신설계종합건축사사무소 | Wide range crack detector |
| CN102243056B (en) * | 2011-04-23 | 2012-09-05 | 重庆大学 | Landslide real-time monitoring system |
-
1997
- 1997-02-14 JP JP04718397A patent/JP3321381B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10227665A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
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