JP3321565B2 - Sampling method for soil samples by depth and sampling device used therefor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus used for separating and collecting a soil sample according to depth. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for storing soil in a sample cylinder, extracting the soil, and then extruding a sample disk. The present invention relates to a technique for sequentially cutting and separating soil extruded by pushing the sample into a sample cylinder. This technique is useful, for example, for collecting surface soil at different depths for measuring the depth distribution of environmental pollutants contained in soil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, in recent years, soil pollution by harmful chemical substances such as dioxins and environmental hormones has become a major social problem, and countermeasures have been strongly demanded. For that purpose, it is important to first accurately grasp the status of soil contamination by harmful chemical substances. Soil pollutants generally leach via the air or into water,
Accumulates in soil due to waste dumping.

[0003] Dioxins are considered to be mainly generated from combustion processes, disinfectants (chlorine bleaching agents), pesticides (organic chlorine-based chemicals), and the like. Waste incineration and industrial waste incineration) are considered to be major sources. Dioxins contained in fine particles and dust generated during the incineration process accumulate in soil via the atmosphere.

Conventionally, as a method of collecting a soil sample of a surface layer in order to measure the components and concentrations of harmful substances in soil, there is a method of excavating with a hand shovel or a method of using a hand auger. Also stirs the soil. Although there are thin wall samplers used for boring surveys in the sampling equipment for deep underground, they are not suitable for sampling surface soil.

[0005] Therefore, recently, a soil extractor suitable for collecting surface soil has been developed. In this method, a sample cylinder (for example, a diameter of about 5 cmφ and a height of about 5 cm) is detachably attached to a lower end portion of the shaft, and an upper end of the shaft is a hammer head. It is a structure having a handle portion. A soil extractor equipped with a sample cylinder is driven into the soil using a hammer, and the soil is stored in the sample cylinder. Next, grasp the handle and slowly pull it up while turning it in one direction. After that, the sample cylinder is taken out of the soil extractor. By attaching lids on the upper and lower sides of the sample cylinder, the soil sample can be brought back. It is stated that this allows a soil sample to be collected in an accurate volume without destroying the soil structure.

[0006] In this case, the instrumental analysis of the soil sample is performed on all soil collected in the sample cylinder. Therefore, the internal volume of the sample cylinder is also set small enough to perform the necessary pretreatment and subsequent instrumental analysis for the entire volume.

[0007]

According to recent research results, dioxins adsorbed on soil particles are in a stable state, and migration in the soil or transfer from the soil (evaporation or dissolution in water) is difficult. , All of which have been found to be small enough to be ignored. In the distribution of dioxins in soil measured at many places by depth, in general, dioxins are distributed at a high concentration within a few cm from the ground surface, and the concentration rapidly increases in soils with a depth of 10 cm or more. A decrease is observed. Conversely, by performing equipment analysis of soil at each depth, it is possible to grasp the history of the state of contamination at that location from the topsoil in the natural state.

[0008] In order to conduct such a soil survey, it is necessary to collect soil samples by depth without disturbing them. However, in the conventional soil extractor, since all the soil collected in the sample cylinder is subjected to the instrumental analysis of the soil sample, it is impossible to measure the concentration of the harmful chemical substance by depth.

With the method of excavating with a hand shovel, it is not impossible to collect a soil sample at a certain depth, but the working efficiency is poor, and it is difficult to accurately separate and collect the sample into thin layers at different depths. It is also conceivable to take a block-shaped soil sample and cut it out in a thin layer, but it is quite difficult to obtain a soil sample at a desired depth because it breaks down when cutting out, especially in soft soil. It is. Even if it is possible to cut it out in thin layers, it must be carried out in a facility equipped with necessary equipment after taking it home, and it is difficult to do so at the sampling site.

[0010] Therefore, in order to obtain highly reliable instrumental analysis data, it is important how to accurately and efficiently separate surface soil samples by depth, and the development of the technology is a major issue. Was.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus capable of collecting a soil sample easily, accurately, efficiently and separately according to depth. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus that can be easily and reliably performed at a collection site, particularly from collection of a soil sample on a surface layer to collection by depth.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method for collecting soil samples by depth. According to the present invention, (A) a sampling step of inserting a sample cylinder into soil and storing a soil sample in the sample cylinder, and (B) an outer peripheral shape fitted into the sample cylinder corresponding to the thickness of the sample to be sampled. A sample extruding disc having a thickness is pushed into the sampled cylinder from one end, and a soil sample extruded from the other end of the sample cylinder is cut out. This is a method in which soil samples are separately collected according to depth by repeating the above steps.

In practice, in the sorting step (B), a sample cylinder containing a soil sample is placed on a sample extruding disk, and the sample cylinder is pressed down evenly. It is preferable to repeat a sorting operation in which the pushed up soil sample is cut out, a plurality of sample extrusion disks are sequentially stacked, and the soil sample is cut out sequentially by depth.

The apparatus of the present invention for carrying out such a method for collecting soil samples at different depths comprises a sample cylinder for accommodating a soil sample therein, and a driving tool for inserting the sample cylinder into the soil. A plurality of sample extrusion disks having a thickness corresponding to the sample thickness at the outer diameter just fitted into the sample cylinder,
A pushing tool for pushing the sample extruding disk into the sample cylinder. For example, the sample cylinder has a structure having a cutting edge at the lower end and a flange on the outer periphery near the upper end. The driving tool has a truncated cone-shaped engaging portion that covers the upper end of the sample cylinder, a column that stands upright from the truncated cone, and is freely fitted on the outer periphery of the column and is freely movable in the axial direction. It is preferable to adopt a structure having a striking portion that can apply a striking force to the truncated cone-shaped engaging portion. Further, the pushing tool has a structure having an annular engaging portion that engages with the flange portion of the sample cylinder, and a handle portion protruding symmetrically in the lateral direction from the annular engaging portion.

[0015]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing one embodiment of an apparatus for separating and collecting soil samples according to depth according to the present invention. The apparatus includes a sample cylinder 10 for storing a soil sample therein, a driving tool 12 for inserting the sample cylinder 10 into soil,
A plurality of sample extrusion disks 14 having an outer diameter fitted into the sample cylinder 10 and having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the sample to be sampled, and a pushing tool 16 for pushing the sample extrusion disk 14 into the sample cylinder 10
And

The sample cylinder 10 has a cutting edge 22 at the lower end of a cylindrical body 20, as can be seen from the longitudinal sectional view shown in FIG.
The structure has a flange portion 24 on the outer periphery near the upper end of the cylindrical body 20. Here, the cylindrical body 20 has an inner diameter of 10 cm.
The dimensions are φ, 10 cm high and 3 mm thick. The sample cylinder 10 is an integrally processed product made of stainless steel, and has an inner surface that is smoothly finished so that the soil sample can be moved without resistance in the soil extraction step and the sorting step. The flange portion 24 includes the driving tool 12 and the pushing tool 16.
Performs the function of engaging with. The cutting edge 22 is straight on the inner peripheral side and acute-angled on the outer peripheral side with respect to the axial direction, and functions to cut off the periphery of the soil sample and accommodate it without disturbing. Since the cutting edge may be damaged by hard rocks in the soil due to long-term use, it is also effective to make the cutting edge portion separate from the cylindrical body portion and to have a screw-in type replaceable structure.

The details of the driving tool 12 are shown in FIG. Here, (a) is a partially broken front view, and (b) is its x
It is -x sectional drawing. The driving tool 12 has a frusto-conical engagement portion 30 placed on the upper end of the sample cylinder 10, a support portion 32 erected from the frusto-conical engagement portion 30, and a loose fit on the outer periphery of the support portion 32. The striking portion 34 is movable in the axial direction and can apply a striking force to the truncated cone-shaped engaging portion 30. The frusto-conical engagement portion 30 has a stepped portion 36 formed on the inner periphery of the lower end thereof, and the stepped portion 36 is fitted to the upper end of the sample cylinder 10. Further, a through hole 38 (see FIG. 1) for venting air is provided on the slope of the frusto-conical engagement portion 30. The support portion 32 has a substantially cylindrical shape in which a part of the outer peripheral surface (excluding the upper end portion and the lower end portion) is cut out in a plane in the axial direction. The notch is indicated by reference numeral 40. The support portion 32 and the truncated cone-shaped engaging portion 30 may be formed as an integrated product.
The striking portion 34 has a shape in which the upper end of the cylindrical body is closed, and a stopper pin 42 is provided inside the vicinity of the lower end, and the stopper pin 42 is located exactly in the notch 40 of the support portion 32, The structure is such that the part 34 can be prevented from falling off.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation. (A) shows a state where the striking part 34 is descending, and (b) shows a state where the striking part 34 is ascending. In this manner, by grasping and moving the striking portion 34 up and down, the inner ceiling surface of the striking portion 34 hits the upper end surface of the column portion 32, and imparts a striking force to the truncated cone-shaped engaging portion 30. The sample cylinder 10 will be driven into the soil. Here, the frusto-conical engaging portion 30 and the strut portion 32 are made of stainless steel, and the striking portion 34 is made of softer iron. The striking portion 34 is damaged by long-term use, but the strut portion 32 and the like are hardly damaged. ing. If the striking portion 34 is damaged, it can be easily replaced by removing the stopper pin 42.

Returning to FIG. 1, the pushing tool 16 is
The structure has an annular engaging portion 50 that engages with the flange portion 24 of the sample cylinder 10, and handle portions 52 protruding from the annular engaging portion 50 on both lateral sides. The inner diameter of the annular engaging portion 50 is set slightly larger than the outer diameter of the sample cylinder 10, and the lower end surface of the annular engaging portion 50 hits the upper surface of the flange portion 24 of the sample cylinder 10 as shown in FIG. The sample cylinder 10 can be pushed down evenly.

The sample extruding disc 14 has an outer diameter fitted into the sample cylinder 10 and has a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the sample to be sampled.
Here, a stainless steel disk having an outer diameter of about 10 cmφ and a thickness of 1 cm is prepared in a number (here, 10 pieces) whose entire height corresponds to the height of the sample cylinder 10. by this,
A soil sample at every 1 cm depth can be collected. This collection amount of about 78 cm ³ is a capacity that can sufficiently perform necessary instrumental analysis. Of course, if you prepare 5 pieces of 2cm thick, 2cm depth
Each soil sample can be collected at every depth, and soil samples at a depth of 2 cm can be collected by using two pieces each having a thickness of 1 cm. Therefore, the thickness of the sample extrusion disk 14 may be appropriately set according to the sampling depth.

As shown in FIG. 5A, a soil sample 60
Is placed on the sample extruding disk 14, a pushing tool 16 is mounted on the sample cylinder 10, and a pushing force is applied. Then, as shown in (b), the soil sample 60 is pushed up by an amount corresponding to the thickness of the sample extrusion disk 14. This pushed up amount will be cut off.

In the present apparatus, almost all of the driving tool except the hitting portion 34 is made of stainless steel. It is desirable that at least the portion that may come into contact with the soil sample is made of stainless steel. This is because stainless steel is hardly corroded and does not mix or elute contaminants or impurities into the sample, so it can withstand trace contaminants such as dioxins and environmental hormones, and does not cause chemical change of the material.

Next, a method of collecting soil samples at different depths using the present apparatus will be described. (1) First, the sample cylinder 10 is placed vertically with its cutting edge 22 down on the surface of the soil to be collected, and inserted into the soil using the driving tool 12. That is, the upper end portion of the sample cylinder 10 is covered with the truncated conical engagement portion 30 of the driving tool 12. Then, the striking portion 34 is grasped and moved up and down, so that a striking force is applied to the upper end of the column 32 and the sample cylinder 10 is gradually driven into the soil. At that time, when hitting with a hammer as in the prior art, particularly in the work of an unskilled person, a striking force acts in an oblique direction, and the sample cylinder cannot often be inserted in the vertical direction. However, in the apparatus of the present invention, since the striking portion 34 only moves up and down while being guided by the vertical column portion 32, a uniform striking force acts on the sample cylinder 10, and even an unskilled person can use the sample cylinder 10 Can be driven vertically. The insertion of the sample cylinder 10 is performed until the sample cylinder 10 is completely filled with the soil sample.

(2) Next, the periphery of the sample cylinder 10 in the soil is dug down using a scoop or the like, a spatula made of stainless steel is inserted into the lower end of the sample cylinder 10, and the soil sample in the sample cylinder 10 spills out. Take it out so that it does not stay. Then, after the upper lid is once covered, the upper and lower sides are turned upside down, and excess soil on the lower end side is removed with a stainless steel spatula or the like to make it smooth.

(3) A sample extruding disk 14 of a required sample thickness is placed in a vat or the like. A sample cylinder 10 filled with a soil sample is placed thereon, supported by a spatula or the like so that the soil sample does not spill, and the spatula is pulled out and set.

(4) Next, the pushing tool 16 is attached to the upper end of the sample cylinder 10 (see FIG. 5A). The annular engaging portion 50 is placed on the outer peripheral flange portion 24 of the sample cylinder 10, the handle portion 52 is grasped, and the sample cylinder 10 is pushed down. By grasping and operating the handle portion 52 with both hands, it is possible to push down evenly. As a result, the soil sample having the pushed thickness is pushed upward (see FIG. 5B). At this stage, the color tone and soil properties of the soil at that depth can be visually observed.

(5) The extruded soil sample is cut off with a special spatula and stored in another container (not shown). If the soil sample is easily broken by sand or dry humus, the cut soil sample is placed in a vat (preferably covered with aluminum foil or the like) and then transferred to a container. Since the collected soil sample is mainly for performing instrumental analysis, there is no problem even if the shape is lost when it is put into a container.

(6) In order to separate a soil sample at the next depth, another sample extruding disk 14 having a required thickness is placed on a vat, and the sample cylinder (5) having been subjected to the operation (5) is placed thereon. The sample extruding disk 14 is stored in the lower part) 10, and the handle 52 of the pushing tool 16 is grasped.
Press down again. As a result, a soil sample having a thickness corresponding to the pushed-in thickness is extruded upward, and the soil sample is cut out with a special spatula and placed in another container. Hereinafter, this operation is repeated to collect soil samples at each depth. By stacking the sample extruding discs 14 of a size just fitted into the sample cylinder 10, even if the amount of soil in the sample cylinder 10 decreases, the soil can be pushed vertically without tilting or wobbling during extrusion.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a sorting method. The sample cylinder 10 completely filled with the soil sample 60 is placed on a sample extrusion disk (1 cm thick) 14, the sample cylinder 10 is pushed down, and the sample extrusion disk 14 is inserted into the sample cylinder 10, Extrude a soil sample 1 cm thick (from the surface to a depth of 1 cm) from above. Soil sample 60a of the pushed up
Cut out. The sample cylinder 10 into which the sample extrusion disk 14 has been inserted is placed on the next sample extrusion disk (thickness: 1 cm) 14, and the sample cylinder 10 is depressed so that the two sample extrusion disks 1
4 is inserted into the sample cylinder 10 and a soil sample 1 cm thick (from the ground surface to a depth of 1 cm) is extruded from above. The soil sample 60b that has been pushed up is taken out. The sample cylinder 10 into which the two sample extrusion disks 14 are inserted is placed on the next sample extrusion disk (thickness 1 cm) 14, and the same procedure is repeated thereafter. When the sample cylinder 10 is pushed down and the ten sample extrusion disks 14 are inserted into the sample cylinder 10, a soil sample having a final thickness of 1 cm (from the ground surface to a depth of 1 cm) can be extruded from above. In this way, soil samples up to a depth of 10 cm can be collected at every 1 cm depth.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to only such a configuration. The shapes and dimensions of the individual members may be appropriately changed according to the conditions of use or the properties of the collected soil sample.

Depending on the properties of the soil, the thickness of the extruded disc and the thickness of the soil sample to be pushed up may not match in the extrusion fractionation step. In such a case, it can be dealt with by adjusting the thickness of the sample extrusion disk used. For that purpose, it is also effective to prepare sample extrusion disks having different thicknesses. Therefore, "a sample extruded disk having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of a sample to be collected" naturally includes not only a case in which the thickness of the sample is equal to the thickness of the sample to be sampled but also a case in which the thickness is adjusted according to the properties of the soil. .

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, the sample cylinder is inserted into the soil, the soil sample is stored in the sample cylinder, and the sample thickness is set to the outer peripheral shape that can be fitted into the sample cylinder. In this method, a sample extruded disk having a thickness corresponding to the thickness is pushed into the sampled cylinder from one end, and the soil sample pushed out from the other end of the sample cylinder is cut out. It can be easily, accurately, efficiently and separately collected by depth. In particular, from the sampling of the surface soil sample to the sorting by depth, it can be performed consistently at the sampling site, and the color tone and properties of the collected soil by depth can be visually observed.

In the driving tool of the apparatus of the present invention, the hitting portion only moves up and down while being guided by the vertical support, so that a uniform vertical hitting force acts on the sample cylinder, and even an unskilled person can use it. The sample cylinder can be driven vertically. Further, in the push-in device of the present invention, the sample cylinder can be pushed down evenly and straightly because the handle portion is gripped and operated with both hands. Furthermore, since the sample extruding discs of the apparatus of the present invention are used by stacking ones having the same outer diameter that just fits in the sample cylinder, even if the soil becomes small in the sample cylinder, the soil does not tilt during extrusion and does not rattle. No, it can be pushed up vertically. By these,
Even if an unskilled person works, a soil sample can be collected with an accurate layer thickness.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing one embodiment of a soil sample collecting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sample cylinder.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a driving tool.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a use state of the driving tool.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a use state of the pushing device.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of sorting of soil samples in a sample cylinder by depth.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 sample cylinder 12 driving tool 14 sample extrusion disk 16 pushing tool

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-90831 (JP, A) JP-A-11-262310 (JP, A) JP-A-63-178106 (JP, U) JP-A-59-183646 (JP) , U) Japanese Utility Model Application Hei 3-103394 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Application Sho 58-150793 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Application Hei 4-15828 (JP, Y2) (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB Name) G01N 1/00-1/44 E02D 1/04 E21B 25/00 G01N 33/24 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for collecting a soil sample for each depth, wherein (A) a sample cylinder is inserted into soil and a soil sample is stored in the sample cylinder; A sample extruded disc with a thickness corresponding to the sample thickness in the outer peripheral shape that fits into is pushed into the sampled cylinder from one end,
A sampling step of cutting out the soil sample extruded from the other end of the sample cylinder, wherein the soil sample is separated and collected according to depth by repeating the sorting step (B). Collection method by depth. 2. In the sorting step (B), a sample cylinder containing a soil sample is placed on a sample extruding disk, and the sample cylinder is pushed down uniformly and pushed up from the sample cylinder. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the soil sample is cut off, and a plurality of sample extruding discs are sequentially stacked, and the sorting operation of sequentially cutting the soil sample by depth is repeated. 3. A sample cylinder for accommodating a soil sample therein, a driving tool for inserting the sample cylinder into the soil, and a thickness corresponding to a thickness of a sample to be sampled by an outer diameter fitted into the sample cylinder. A plurality of sample extruding discs, and a pushing tool for pushing the sample extruding discs into the sample cylinder, and a soil sample for performing the soil sample collecting method according to the depth of claim 1 or 2. Sampling device by depth. 4. The sample cylinder has a structure having a cutting edge at a lower end and a flange portion at an outer periphery near an upper end, and the driving tool includes a frusto-conical engagement portion overlaid on an upper end of the sample cylinder, and the cone. The strut has a structure that has a strut portion erected from the trapezoidal engagement portion and a striking portion that is loosely fitted to the outer periphery of the strut portion and is movable in the axial direction and can apply a striking force to the truncated cone-shaped engagement portion. The push-in device has a structure having an annular engaging portion that engages with the flange portion of the sample cylinder, and a handle portion that protrudes symmetrically in the lateral direction from the annular engaging portion. An apparatus for collecting soil samples according to depth according to the description.