JP3339846B2 - Coagulation concentration method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a highly concentrated sludge obtained by further growing fine particles from a huge floc without using a flocculant, in a wide range of polluted liquid to be treated from a thick pollutant to a dilute pollutant. And a coagulation concentration method of separating and concentrating.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional coagulation technology for biologically treated sludge
(SFT) is a bulking sludge with a sedimentation speed of 1 cm / day, but its solid-liquid separation tank has a water area (load) of 100 m ³ / m ² days and a diameter of 25 mm.
The above-mentioned huge floc is formed, and even with 9,000 ppm sludge, it is 13,0
00ppm achieved within 2 hours, but 13,000ppm
Time required to concentrate to 15,000 ppm or more from 10
It takes more than an hour.

[0003]

The need to economically separate and concentrate clarified liquids and solids has become particularly necessary in recent years. For example, sediment, clay, and sludge are separated and removed during construction such as dredging, excavation, revetment, and opening of water channels.
Removal of sediment sludge from lakes and marshes, removal of residual food and sludge from fish farms and cultivation fishing grounds, pre-treatment of water and irrigation water, removal of red tide, high-concentration activated sludge method, coagulation and separation of bulking activated sludge, concentration of human waste sludge, Concentration and separation of animal and phytoplankton, removal of blue-green algae, recovery of valuable substances from wastewater, coagulation and separation of dilute large-volume pollutants (pulp waste under the paper machine screen), recovery of pottery clay in porcelain and pottery production, production of agricultural products This includes coagulation and separation in the water washing step of removing fine particles, concentration and separation of fermentation solution and valuable liquid, solid-liquid separation in the production process, and solid-liquid separation of the discharged water from the production process.

[0004] As described above, the conventional biological treatment sludge of 9,00
Although the agglomeration technology (SFT) achieves 13,000 ppm within 2 hours compared to 0 ppm, there is much water interposed between the huge flocs deposited in the concentration tank, and the specific gravity of the sludge floc is The pressure that removes the intervening water because there is only a slight difference is that the layer height of the floc above the sludge will be deposited more than 70 cm, the gravity of the sludge will crush the lower floc, the gap will be reduced and the concentration will be reduced However, it takes 5 to 10 hours to reach from 13,000 ppm to 15,000 ppm, and 18,000 ppm requires more than 20 hours. Although the solid-liquid separation performance of the conventional coagulation technique is excellent, there is a problem that it takes time to concentrate. Therefore, in some of the facilities to be treated, the biological treatment alone cannot sufficiently cope with the situation.

[0005] In general, the residence time of a solid-liquid separation tank that doubles and returns a biologically treated sludge of 2,500 to 4,000 ppm in an aeration tank employed in the conventional low concentration activated sludge method is about 5 hours. The present invention aims at treating high-concentration sludge using this low-sludge treatment facility as it is. And, for 10,000 ppm of biologically treated sludge with a low specific gravity of sludge, a residence time of 15,000 ppm of returned sludge was achieved within 5 hours while the water area load on the solid-liquid separation tank was 10 to 20 m ³ / m ² days. It is an object of the present invention to smoothly perform solid-liquid separation in all of the facilities to be treated listed above.

[0006]

As a result of examining the above problems, it was found that the electrolyte in the contaminated liquid or the contaminated liquid to which a substance having a potential difference forming ability (potential difference forming substance) was added without using a flocculant. By using the electrolyte as a flocculant, sedimentation and separation at a speed of several hundred times or more of the natural sedimentation speed,
It was found that the fine particles were separated and concentrated into highly concentrated sludge and a clear liquid further grown from giant flocs. Combining conventional flocculation technology (SFT), a technology that flocculates into giant flocs, and a technology that increases the concentration rate of biologically treated sludge to which fine powder of potential difference forming substance, permeated water of the same substance or water containing the same fine powder is added It turned out to concentrate in a short time.

The main purpose of the conventional method is to grow a giant floc with a diameter of 25 mm or more in order to increase the coagulation rate. The number of contacts between the flocks increases, and the concentration effect in the flocculation tank and the concentration effect of the potential difference forming substance act between the flocs, so that high-concentration sludge can be obtained at twice or more the speed of the conventional method. For example, when 1 to 5 μm of ceramic fine powder of 1/10 ³ to 1/2 × 10 ³ of sludge weight is added to 9,000 ppm of biologically treated sludge used in the conventional coagulation technology, it reaches 13,000 ppm. It was found that it would be possible to reach from 13,000 ppm to 15,000 ppm in about 2 hours and about 3 hours in about 5 hours. Keeping the diameter of the floc falling from the floc forming tank to 12 mm or less works effectively for concentration.

The details of the coagulation and concentration method of the present invention are as follows. In the coagulation and concentration of the concentrated liquid or the diluted liquid to be treated, a potential difference-forming substance is applied to one or the other of the two liquids having a potential difference in a wide range of the liquid to be treated from the concentrated liquid to the diluted liquid. A coagulation concentration method comprising preparing two liquids having different potential values and separating and concentrating fine particles into a highly concentrated sludge further grown from a giant floc and a clear liquid without using a coagulant. .

A multiple tube is formed by an injection tube and a mixing tube, and one of two liquids having a potential difference containing fine particles is supplied to the injection tube and the other is supplied to the mixing tube, and either one of the injection tube and the mixing tube or Substances capable of forming a potential difference in both (potential difference forming substances)
And a potential difference-forming substance is acted on by the action means to produce two liquids having different potential values, and the injection liquid is brought into laminar flow contact with the liquid in the mixing tube downstream to block fine particles. In the method, an opening of the injection pipe is formed in the downstream direction in the mixing pipe, and two liquids having different potential values individually supplied from the injection pipe and the mixing pipe are brought into contact with each other to obtain a solid content (fine particles). Is a flocculation and concentration method, wherein

A solid-liquid separation unit is disposed at a lower position of a liquid supply unit for supplying a liquid to be treated containing fine particles, and the liquid supply unit includes an aggregating and concentrating apparatus comprising a distribution chamber for distributing the liquid to be treated and a dispersion chamber. Used, a potential difference forming substance is supplied to the dispersion chamber or the distribution chamber, and the mixing pipe for flowing down the liquid from the dispersion chamber and the increasing pipe from the distribution chamber are united at the downstream junction, and the mixture flows into the mixing pipe in the downstream direction. An injection pipe having an opening is provided, and two liquids having different potentials, which are individually supplied to the mixing pipe and the injection pipe, are brought into laminar flow contact at the opening to obtain a floc-containing liquid, and the floc-containing liquid is further downstream of the increasing pipe. At the junction, it mixes with the liquid to be treated to form a huge floc,
A flocculation / concentration method characterized in that the lower portion is guided to a floc forming tank having a closed arrangement, and is made to collide in the floc forming tank to form a floc which is further enlarged.

A liquid to be treated containing fine particles is supplied to a liquid supply section comprising a distribution chamber and a dispersion chamber, and a solid-liquid separation section including a floc forming tank is disposed lower than the liquid supply section. Is placed in the solid-liquid separation tank, and a downcomer pipe whose upper edge is opened at the top of the floc formation tank is passed through the outside or inside of the floc formation tank to open the terminal into the solid-liquid separation tank, and the inside of the floc formation tank is opened. The floc is transferred from the floc forming tank to the solid-liquid separation unit by a downcomer, and the powder containing the potential difference-forming substance powder, the permeated water of the same substance, or the water containing the same fine powder is supplied into the downcomer to further increase the size of the floc. A coagulation concentration method characterized by the following.

The rake support arm in the solid-liquid separation tank and the rotation axis thereof are formed by pipes, and a nozzle is provided on the rake support arm to disperse the potential difference forming substance permeated water and the water containing the potential difference forming substance fine powder from the nozzle. A floc in the floc-containing solution is further converted to a giant floc. The position of the nozzle of the support arm is provided on the back side in the direction of rotation of the support arm, and the interval between the nozzles on the outer side is narrowed and spaced, and the distance between the nozzles is increased as it approaches the center, the diameter of the nozzle is 1 to 5 mm And a diameter of 10 to 10 centered on the center of the nozzle
Weld the circumference of the 30mm pipe to the support arm and pipe length 10
It is preferably a structure in which a perforated plate is provided at the end of a pipe. The discharge rate of the potential difference forming ability substance powder permeate or potentiometric forming ability substance fine powder-containing water and 0.05~10cm / s, ceramic powder, a semiconductor powder, sludge content of the fine ceramic semiconductor fine sludge 1 m ³ per 10 It is preferably supplied at 40004000 g / m ³ .

Natural raw materials such as ceramic permeated water using ceramic as a potential difference forming substance, water containing ceramic fine powder, or ceramic fine powder (including ultrafine ceramic), soil, potter's clay (eg, Kibushi clay) 2. A method for producing two liquids having different potential values by using one of natural or artificial substances such as fly ash or a mixture thereof.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein

The concentration of the ceramic fine powder in the returned sludge is 50
And maintained in a range not exceeding 0 g / m ^3, the potential difference between the return sludge of 2 tubes to supply the return sludge injection tube or mixing tubes 200-0.
A coagulation concentration method characterized in that two liquids are brought into laminar flow contact in a mixing tube while maintaining a difference of 0001 mv.

Semiconductor fine powder, ceramic semiconductor permeated water using ceramic semiconductor, water containing ceramic semiconductor fine powder, ceramic semiconductor fine powder as potential difference forming substance
Two liquids having different potential values are prepared by using any one of the above (including an ultrafine ceramic semiconductor) or a mixture thereof. Ceramic or semiconductor fine powder, ceramic semiconductor is acid clay, Mg, Ca, SiO ₂ , AL ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , Zn0,
_{NiO, CoO, Co 2 O 3} , FeO, CdO, MnO, Mn 2 O 3, Sn
O ₂ , Cu ₂ O, Cr ₂ O ₃ , GaAs, CdS, CdSe, ZnS, Zn
A sintered body is prepared from Se, InSb, InAs, PbS, BaTiO ₃ , or CaTiO ₃ alone or in combination, and is heat-treated in air or in a reducing atmosphere. The semiconductivity is caused by a slight change in the chemical composition of a pure substance depending on the temperature and atmosphere, and when a trace component is contained, a lattice defect is caused by the trace component.

Of these, the ceramic permeate contains 50 μm.
Filtered water of fine powder of 50 m or less or supernatant contact water separated by stirring and contacting fine powder of 50 m or less is preferable. Further, the ceramic semiconductor permeated water is preferably filtered water of fine powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 50 μm or less, or supernatant contact water separated by stirring and contacting fine powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 50 μm. The fine powder referred to in the present invention includes an ultrafine powder, that is, a nanometer (nanometer: ^10-9 m) on the order of one thousandth of a micrometer (micron: ^10-6 m).

The potential difference forming substance referred to in the present invention is a substance which acts on this substance to change the potential of the electrolyte in the liquid to be treated (contaminated liquid). The material is preferably a ceramic or a ceramic semiconductor. Also, the means of action of this substance include filtration and supernatant contact, ie,
Use of filtered water of fine powder or supernatant contact water separated by stirring and contacting fine powder like ceramic permeate water, means of dispersing powder in water before addition by stirring like water containing powder, injection liquid 200 to 10 potential difference between
Supply liquid with ^-5 mv. Further, a means for adding this substance to the treated water or the floc-containing liquid is also included in the action means.
Even if the potential difference-forming substance, the permeated water of the same substance, or the water fine powder containing the fine powder of the same substance is directly supplied into the downcomer of the floc forming tank, there is not much difference in the concentrating performance from supplying to the dispersion chamber and the distribution chamber. The potential difference between the two liquids is
It can be obtained in the range of 200-10 ^-5 mV, and even with this degree, an effective difference comes out.

When the present invention is used to carry out the coagulation and concentration of treated water.
Are supplied to the dispersion chamber, distribution chamber, and floc formation tank downcomer.
In case of permeated water of lamic or ceramic semiconductor
1m of mud ^Three0.1-0.001m per^ThreeAnd ceramic fine powder
1m of sludge for water and ceramic powder^Three1-15 per hit
00g, semiconductor fine powder, ceramic semiconductor fine powder
The sludge content should be 0.05 to 100 g per 1 kg of sludge.
Good. Ceramic permeated water takes longer contact time,
It is advisable to add
No. The addition amount is 10 g / m of the liquid to be treated.^Three~ 2500g / m^ThreeIs good
Ceramic powder containing water, ceramic
The method of adding fine powder is desirable but expensive.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment of the Coagulation and Concentration Apparatus Used in the Present Invention FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coagulation and concentration apparatus suitable for use in the method of the present invention. This apparatus comprises a liquid supply unit 1 for supplying a liquid to be treated containing fine particles, and a solid-liquid separation unit 2 arranged at a lower level than the liquid supply unit. The liquid supply unit 1 includes a distribution chamber 4 for distributing the liquid to be treated (the increasing liquid) (d) from the liquid to be treated liquid supply pipe 3 and a dispersion chamber 5. The liquid supply unit 1 is further provided with a mixing tank 6 provided with a stirrer. The distribution chamber 4 distributes the liquid to be treated from the liquid to be treated liquid supply pipe 3 to a dispersion chamber 5 existing on the outer periphery and a lower volume increase pipe 7. The mixing tank 6 is provided as a means 8 for applying a potential difference forming substance to the dispersion chamber 5. An aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of the potential difference forming substance can be sent to the dispersion chamber 5 to act on the liquid to be treated (d). The distribution chamber 4 also has a feed pipe as an action means 8 for the potential difference forming substance. The potential difference forming substance can be sent in a liquid form or in a powder form. The liquid supply unit 1 is further provided with an injection liquid supply port 9. A liquid having a potential difference of about 200 to 10 ^-5 mv is injected between the liquid to be treated and the liquid supplied to the liquid supply unit 1.

A floc forming tank 10 is provided in the solid-liquid separating section 2. An increasing pipe 7 is provided below the distribution chamber 4, and a mixing pipe 12 is provided below the dispersion chamber 5. Mixing tube
12 and the increasing pipe 7 from the distribution chamber are joined at a downstream junction 13. An injection pipe 14 provided below the injection liquid supply port 9 is provided inside the mixing pipe 12 so as to have an opening 15 in the downstream direction. Two liquids having different potentials, which are individually supplied to the mixing tube 12 and the injection tube 14, are brought into contact through the opening 15 to obtain a floc-containing liquid. The floc-containing liquid is further added to the expansion tube 7.
At the downstream junction 13 to form a huge floc. The lower part of the floc forming tank 10 is closed. Therefore, it is possible to make the flocs become even larger by colliding in the floc forming tank 10.

A downcomer pipe 16 is connected to the solid-liquid separation tank 17 downward from the floc formation tank so that the upper edge is opened above the floc formation tank 10.
The floc is transferred from the floc forming tank 10 to the solid-liquid separation section by the downcomer pipe 16. The supply port of the supply pipe 18 for supplying the potential difference forming substance permeated water, the water containing the potential difference forming substance fine powder or the potential difference forming substance powder is also opened in the downcomer tube 16. Also in this case, the floc can be enlarged by the action of the potential difference forming substance.

A rake 19 is rotatably provided inside the solid-liquid separation tank 17, and its support arm 20 and its rotation shaft 21 are formed by pipes so that liquid can pass therethrough. The water containing the fine powder of the potential difference forming substance can be dispersed. A plurality of nozzles 22 are provided on the support arm 20. The position of the nozzle 22 of the support arm is provided on the back side in the direction of rotation of the support arm, and the space between the nozzles on the outer side is narrowed and spaced, and the distance between the nozzles is increased near the center, and the diameter of the nozzle is 3 mm.
And The nozzle 22 has a structure in which the circumference of a pipe having a diameter of 10 mm is welded to a support arm, the length of the pipe is set to 20 mm, and a perforated plate is provided at the end of the pipe. With the rotation of the rake 19, the potential difference-forming substance acts to make the floc larger, and the floc can be highly separated into the coagulated and concentrated sludge layer 23 and the supernatant liquid 24. A return sludge pump 27 is provided below the solid-liquid separation tank 17.

Embodiment 1 of the Coagulation and Concentration Method of the Present Invention As a ceramic of a potentiometric substance, a mixed sintered body of acid clay and TiO (acid clay: TiO ₂ = 3: 1.5) was prepared.
10 g of ceramic fine powder of 1 to 10 μm obtained by pulverizing the sintered body
, Add 1L of tap water and stir for 20 minutes.
10 mL of ceramic fine powder containing 1 L of tap water added to 0.3 g of ceramic fine powder (A water) and 0.3 g of ceramic fine powder
(B water) and 10 mL of tap water (C water) were prepared, and the sludge at the solid-liquid separation outlet according to the conventional method was collected in three cylinders, and each of them was subjected to A
Water, water B and water C were added to adjust the cylinder height to 22 cm and 200 mL. Its sludge concentration was 12,800 ppm. The cylinder was shaken vigorously up and down, and the height of clear water and the settled sludge concentration on the sludge interface after standing for 2.5 hours are shown in Table 1.

[0024]

[Table 1]

The sludge weight of the conventional method, which is 9,000 ppm, is reduced to the coagulated sludge concentration of 12,800 ppm in 0.5 to 2 hours,
2.5 hours after adding 1.2g / 1,000g of ceramic fine powder
Sludge concentrated to 5,000 ppm was obtained. It was revealed that the target sludge concentration of 15,000 ppm could be obtained within 5 hours of residence time in the conventional solid-liquid separation tank.

Example 2 of Coagulation and Concentration Method As the ceramic of the potentiometric substance, the fine ceramic powder of Example 1 mainly composed of acid clay was used. In Example 1, the agglomeration step was achieved in 9,000 ppm to 12,800 ppm in 2 hours, and the concentration step was achieved in 12,800 ppm to 15,000 ppm in 2.5 hours. A method of simultaneously performing two steps of coagulation and concentration by supplying the contained water was performed.

In FIG. 1, sludge of 150 m ³ / day of 9,000 ppm of the liquid to be treated supplied to the solid-liquid separation tank after biological treatment is subjected to coagulation treatment. Liquid mixture (a) 15 L / min and liquid containing ceramic fine powder (b)
0.2 g / L liquid 1 L / min is stirred in the mixing tank 6, sent to the dispersion chamber 5, supplied to the mixing pipe 12 via the dispersion chamber, and supplied with the liquid to be treated 5 L / min as the injection liquid (c) to the injection pipe. The mixture is supplied into the mixing tube 12 from the opening 15 of the injection tube, holds a potential difference of 0.05 to 15 mv between the mixed solution (a) and the injected solution (c), and comes into laminar flow contact with the mixed solution in the tube to form flocs. And a uniform floc-containing liquid is formed in the impingement mixing tube 12, and the liquid to be treated (extending liquid) is increased to 105 L / min and the ceramic fine powder-containing liquid (b) 1.5 g / L liquid 1 L / min is supplied to the distribution chamber 4, and then descends in the volume increase pipe 7, where the floc-containing liquid and the volume increase liquid collide in the volume increase liquid mixing section 13, and the floc grows while the floc grows. twenty five
From the floc forming tank 10, the floc grows to 10 to 13 mm and is supplied to the concentrated layer by descending down the downcomer 16 opening to the top of the vessel, and the expanding nozzle 26 of the downcomer is blocked by the sludge that accumulates and the downcomer The operation was stopped because the floc was no longer discharged from the falling port, and the sludge 20 cm below the surface of the coagulated and concentrated sludge layer 23 was collected from the surface of the solid-liquid separation tank with a 0.2 L sludge collector every hour to measure the sludge concentration. Table 2 shows the results.

[0028]

[Table 2] Table 2 shows that the sludge concentration is improved at almost the same rate in both the agglutination reaction and the concentration reaction. After 5 hours, the sludge concentration is 15,0
00 ppm is almost achieved.

Example 3 of Coagulation Concentration Method T as a ceramic semiconductor used in a potentiometric substance
iO₂, SnO_TwoEach is finely pulverized to 0.01 to 50 μm
Add 1 L of tap water to 10 g of the powder and stir for 60 minutes,
The supernatant was washed with 10 mL of ceramic semiconductor permeate (D water), S
nO_2,TiO ₂1 L of tap water was added to 0.3 g each
SnO_Two, TiO₂Fine powder containing water 10mL (E water), tap water 10m
L (F water) was prepared. Sludge from the solid-liquid separation outlet of the conventional method
Take 3 bottles, add D water, E water and F water respectively,
The height of the sludge is set to 22cm and 200mL, and the sludge concentration is 12,000ppm.
there were. Shake the cylinder vigorously up and down and let stand for 2.5 hours
The height of the clear water and the settled sludge concentration on the sludge interface afterwards are shown.

[0030]

[Table 3]

The conventional sludge concentration of 9,000 ppm is converted to the coagulated sludge concentration.
Addition of 1.2 g of ceramic semiconductor fine powder to 1 kg of sludge agglomerated in 0.5 to 2 hours at 12,800 ppm, 15,000 p in 2.5 hours
Sludge concentrated at pm can be obtained. It was found that a target of 15,000 ppm of concentrated sludge could be obtained within 5 hours of residence time in the conventional solid-liquid separation tank.

Example 4 of Coagulation Concentration Method In Example 3, the concentration of 9,000 ppm to 12,000 ppm was conducted in the aggregation step in 2 hours, and the concentration of 12,800 ppm to 15,000 ppm was performed in the concentration step.
Although achieved in 2.5 hours, a method of simultaneously performing two processes of coagulation and concentration by supplying water containing the ceramic semiconductor fine powder to the distribution chamber and the dispersion chamber of the conventional coagulation apparatus was implemented. Fine powder of 0.01 to 5 μm of FeO was used as a ceramic semiconductor.

In the same manner as in Example 1, coagulation treatment was performed using the apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. The mixed liquid (a) 15 L / min and the ceramic semiconductor fine powder-containing liquid (b) 0.2 g / L liquid 1 L / min were stirred in the mixing tank 6, sent to the dispersion chamber 5, and then subjected to coagulation and concentration by the same operation. Was. Table 4 shows the results obtained by collecting sludge 20 cm below the surface of the coagulated and concentrated sludge layer from the solid-liquid separation tank every hour using a 0.2 L sludge collector and measuring the sludge concentration.

[0034]

[Table 4]

The weight of the ceramic semiconductor fine powder / the weight of the treated sludge = 1.39 g / Kg From Table 4, the sludge concentration is improved at almost the same rate in both the flocculation reaction and the concentration reaction. After 5 hours, the sludge concentration has almost reached 15,000 ppm.

[0036]

According to the present invention, fine particles are further grown from giant flocs by using an electrolyte in a contaminated liquid as a flocculant and sedimenting and separating at a speed several hundred times the natural sedimentation speed without using a flocculant. Made it possible. As a result, it is possible to provide a method for economically separating and concentrating highly concentrated sludge and a clear liquid, and an apparatus suitable for the method.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. It was found that the conventional flocculation technology, which mainly aimed at giant floc, had a large specific floc with a small specific gravity, and the water interposed between the flocs had a negative effect on the concentration effect. The present invention combines the formation of small flocs by conventional coagulation technology with the action of concentrating potential difference forming substances such as ceramics and ceramic semiconductors on the small flocs to achieve a sludge concentration of 1 in the solid-liquid separation tank.
Achieved in 5 hours to reach 5,000 ppm. That is,
It produces the following effects.

1) Aggregation technology is the liquid to be treated (extended liquid, injection liquid)
A potential difference from the injection liquid is provided by a potential difference forming substance such as a mixed liquid obtained by adding ceramic semiconductor permeated water or ceramic semiconductor fine powder-containing water to the liquid to be treated in the dispersion chamber. A flocculation reaction is formed by laminar flow contact to form a floc-containing liquid, and at the same time, a concentration reaction in the floc can be generated by a potential difference-forming substance, the same substance permeated water or the same substance fine powder-containing water. Was. 2) The floc-containing solution and the expanding solution containing the potential difference forming substance-containing water collide with each other and grow into flocs, while growing to 10 to 13 mm in the floc forming tank, and at the same time, the concentration reaction can proceed. It became. 3) The floc that has fallen into the solid-liquid separation tank is mainly concentrated. In the present invention, since the agglutination reaction and the concentration reaction are allowed to proceed at the same time, only 9 hours
It turned out to have been concentrated to 5,000 ppm.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coagulating and concentrating apparatus suitable for use in the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Liquid supply part 2 Solid-liquid separation part 3 Liquid-to-be-processed liquid supply pipe 4 Distribution chamber 5 Dispersion chamber 6 Mixing tank 7 Intensifier pipe 8 Potential difference forming substance acting means 9 Injection liquid supply port 10 Flock forming tank 12 Mixing pipe 13 Merge Part 14 Injection pipe 15 Opening 16 Downcoming pipe 17 Solid-liquid separation tank 18 Supply pipe 19 Rake 20 Support arm 21 Rotary shaft 22 Nozzle 23 Coagulated concentrated sludge layer 24 Supernatant 25 Volume increase pipe outlet 26 Expansion nozzle 27 Return sludge pump

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-9-103609 (JP, A) JP-A-11-188204 (JP, A) JP-A-4-126503 (JP, A) JP-A-4- 108502 (JP, A) JP-A-3-143509 (JP, A) JP-A-4-143507 (JP, A) JP-A-2-293007 (JP, A) JP-A-2-180605 (JP, A) JP-A-2-52010 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B01D 21/00-21/34 C02F 1/463 C02F 1/52 C02F 11/00-11 / 20

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A potential difference-forming substance is applied to a wide range of polluted liquids from a concentrated polluted liquid to a diluted polluted liquid to produce two liquids having different potential values, and fine particles are formed without using a flocculant. This is a coagulation and concentration method that separates and concentrates highly concentrated sludge and a clear liquid further grown from a huge floc.
Is supplied to the liquid supply section consisting of the distribution chamber and the dispersion chamber.
Solid-liquid component containing a floc forming tank at a lower level than the liquid supply section.
Place the separation part, place the solid-liquid separation part in the solid-liquid separation tank,
Flock type downcomer with rim opening at top of flock forming tank
Pass the terminal through the outside or inside of the tank into the solid-liquid separation tank
And open the floc in the floc forming tank with a downcomer.
Transfer from the floc forming tank to the solid-liquid separation section,
Potential of ceramic or ceramic semiconductor inside
Including differential forming substance powder, same substance permeated water or same substance fine powder
A flocculation / concentration method, characterized in that the water is supplied to form a floc which is further enlarged . 2. A multiple tube is formed by an injection tube and a mixing tube.
One of the two liquids having a potential difference containing fine particles is supplied to the injection tube and the other is supplied to the mixing tube, and one or both of the injection tube and the mixing tube are supplied from ceramic or ceramic semiconductor.
Formed by providing the action means of the potential difference forming ability substance, by applying a potential difference forming ability substance creates two different liquid having the value of potential by the acting means, laminar flow contact with the liquid of the mixing tube in the infusion fluid in the downstream Is to make fine particles into flocs,
Openings are formed in the injection pipe downstream of the mixing tube,
2 different in the value of the potential individually supplied from the injection tube and the mixing tube
Aggregation of contacting the liquid to the fine particles children of solids flock
A method for concentrating, comprising: a rake support arm in a solid-liquid separation tank;
Is formed by a pipe, and a nozzle is installed on the rake support arm.
And the potential difference-forming substance permeated water or potential from the nozzle.
Disperse the water containing the fine powder of difference forming ability into a floc-containing liquid
A flocculation / concentration method characterized in that the flocs in the inside are further converted into giant flocs. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the potential difference forming substance is acidic clay, Mg, Ca,
SiO ₂ , AL ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZnO, NiO, CoO, Co ₂ O ₃ ,
_{FeO, CdO, MnO, Mn 2} O 3, SnO 2, Cu 2 O, Cr 2 O 3, G
aAs, CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe, InSb, InAs, Pb
S, BaTiO ₃ and CaTiO ₃ alone or in combination of these
Create a sintered body from the number and heat-treat in air or a reducing atmosphere.
Ceramic or semiconductor fine powder, ceramic semiconductor
The method of agglomeration concentrate according to claim 1 or 2 is.