JP3340934B2 - How to grow wild potatoes - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a wild potato, which originally belongs to the wild yam family, as a field crop.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Yama potatoes belonging to the yam family are originally native potatoes. The natural potato, one of the potatoes of this mountain, is a plant called Scientific name Dios Korea Japonica, which is native to Japan only, and has been eaten by Jomon people, Yayoi people, and modern people since the ancient Jomon period. But potatoes are the world's main cereals, rice, wheat, barley,
Like corn or potatoes and sweet potatoes, they are "natural plants" that are very different from so-called "crops" that have been nourished by humans for thousands of years. For several decades, a method of growing potatoes using bamboo or a cultivator has been studied, but it has not been possible to stably harvest high quality potatoes.

[0003] For example, according to a cultivation method using a cultivator (by Toshio Masada: cultivation method of natural potatoes and yams. Published by Masata Natural Farm, published first edition on August 30, 1984), a cultivator is shown in FIG. The shape is used. For example, PVC thickness 1
mm about 10cm in diameter and about 120c in length
m is a gutter-like shape whose upper part in the longitudinal direction is open, and a series of small holes (diameter 1) on the side surface slightly away from the open part.
(About 5 mm) are paired, and one end forms a receiving portion that is expanded left and right. To use for cultivation, this cultivation equipment does not contain harmful bacteria, for example, is filled with red clay, and buried so that the receiving part comes at an appropriate depth, for example, 20 cm or more from the ground surface. Incline so that it is closer to the ground. The guide rod is set up at the center of the receiving part vertically to the ground, so that the germination point of the seed potato is near the guide rod, and the seed potato is located above the cultivator, several cm from the ground surface
Planting to a depth of. Wild yam is vine toward the ground from germination point, toward the underground Shinsei potatoes (part of the stalk)
However, when it is vine, it has the property that about 10 main absorption roots extend from the base of the seed potato to the ground. The downwardly extending tip of the newborn collides with the receiving part of the cultivator, changes its direction, and extends obliquely downward along the inner wall of the cultivator to enlarge and become a desired product. This new potato (product) is a nutrient storage (storage root)
The mustard roots growing on the potato do not absorb the nutrients necessary for the plant from outside, and the main roots exclusively do so (see FIG. 2).

[0004]

Generally, cultivated mountain potatoes (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "tanimo") have the following disadvantages. 1. Lye This is common when excess nitrogen components in soil solution are absorbed or when nitrogen fertilizer becomes excessive in the soil after the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which lowers the quality of potatoes. 2. Smell The scent of the soil is peculiar to the yam, but the yam has the property of absorbing odor both in the ground and on the ground (in the air), and is generated from pesticides, composts, organic fertilizers used in cultivation, and their decomposition products In some cases, it absorbs bad smell and loses its taste together with 1 to lower the commercial value. 3. Appearance The bend may bend and the skin of the potato may look like gobo. In addition, the quality is impaired by feeding damage by larvae of nematodes and chafers and other pests. Even if the above-mentioned disadvantages are used,
Since the open part or the receiving part at the top of the container was open to cultivated soil, it could not be resolved.

[0005] The present invention overcomes these drawbacks,
In particular, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating natural potatoes.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is as follows. 1. A method for cultivating a potato in a mountain, comprising the step of planting a seed potato in the following procedure.

(1) A diameter of 5 to 20 cm and a length of 100 to 1 having a receiving portion which can be closed at one end and opened at the other end.
A 50 cm duct and a seed potato having a germination point are prepared, and a groove having a width and depth sufficient to bury the duct in a field is dug.

(2) One end of the duct is closed, fresh soil is filled up to the receiving portion, and the duct is placed in the groove so that the receiving portion faces the surface of the field, and the receiving portion is upward and inclined with respect to the horizontal. The closed end is opened and buried, and the periphery and the top surface of the receiving part are covered with new soil.

(3) The new soil covering the receiving portion is mulched with a water-impermeable plastic sheet wider than the open receiving portion of the buried duct.

(4) The mulched sheet is covered with new soil, and the seed is placed on the new soil so that the germination point of the seed is almost directly above the center of the receiving portion. 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the duct is made of a soft plastic film, and a hard auxiliary plate is provided at the back of the duct. 3. The cultivation method according to the above item 2, wherein the auxiliary plate is a hard plastic corrugated plate or a V-shaped hard plastic plate. 4. 4. The cultivation method according to the above 1, 2, or 3, wherein zeolite or mordenite is filled into the duct at a closeable end side to a length of 1 to 5% of the length of the duct. 5. The water-impermeable plastic sheet is a PVC sheet,
5. The cultivation method according to the above 1, 2, 3 or 4, which is a polyethylene sheet or a polypropylene sheet. 6. The cultivation method according to any one of the above 1 to 5, wherein the soil of the seed potato is covered by first covering the potato with fresh soil, and then covering the potato with cultivated soil.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The cultivation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of cultivating a yam according to the present invention. The duct used has a length of 100 to 150 cm and a diameter of 5 to 20 cm. One end is closed and the other end is a cylindrical one having a receiving portion (opening portion), and the material is not particularly limited.

In practice, commercially available elongated plastic tubes, for example polyethylene hoses having a thickness of 0.2 to 0.3 mm, can be used. The hose is crushed and cut to the above length, one end is bent by about 20 mm, closed with tape and closed, and the other end is flattened by making a T-shaped cut in the upper surface of the crushed hose and opening both sides. A receiving part having an ear can be made. The length of the cut in the longitudinal direction is preferably 10 to 15 cm.

The receiving portion may be formed so as to be integral with the duct as described above. When the above-mentioned soft plastic hose is used, a plate having a width smaller than the width when the hose is crushed is provided at one end of the hose. It may be formed by inserting so as to protrude 10 to 15 cm from the duct. The receiving portion is such that the storage roots of the potatoes that extend through the mulching sheet that covers the receiving portion as described later extend in the length direction of the duct buried by being tilted and buried by the receiving portion. Therefore, the shape and the material are not limited as long as it can fulfill this function.

The above example is merely an example. Be cylindrical or capable of becoming cylindrical. 2. One end can be closed. 3. The other end has an open receiving part. It is necessary to manufacture and use a dedicated duct made of hard plastic, and the cultivator described in the conventional technology is a receiving part with an elongated plastic cylinder such as soft PVC. Can be used by covering.

To fill the duct with fresh soil, for example, a hard plastic cylinder with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the hose and having a length approximately equal to the length of the duct is used.
This is done by cutting in the length direction to form a gutter, placing new soil on the gutter, inserting the gutter into the duct from the receiving side of the duct, inverting the gutter, and then pulling out the gutter.

It is not necessary to fill the duct with the new soil to fill the duct, and it is sufficient that the storage root (potato) covers the potato in the process of expanding, and in the case of a duct having a diameter of 7 cm and a length of 130 cm. The amount of the fresh soil to be filled may be about 1.2 l, that is, about 60% of the filling rate.

At this time, the end opposite to the receiving portion is filled with a purifying agent such as zeolite, mordenite, etc. by several cm so as not to form a cavity, thereby preventing invasion of various organisms and improving the quality of the potato. Can be. If necessary, the above-mentioned purifying agent can be mixed into the new soil to be filled.

The term "new soil" as used herein means a soil such as mountain soil, subsoil, red soil and the like which contains as little harmful microorganisms as possible.

Next, planting of the seed potato will be described. Width and depth sufficient to bury the above duct in a field that has been plowed, fertilized, crushed, etc. by customary practice, for example, a width of about 15
Dig a groove 30 cm to 50 cm deep. The depth of the groove is determined as appropriate depending on the properties of the soil in the field, drainage, and the like. Prepare a large number of ducts filled with the new soil, place the receiving part close to the surface of the ground, and place the duct in the groove by opening the lower end of the duct so that the duct has an appropriate inclination toward the surface of the ground. , And are buried one after another at intervals of a certain duct (corresponding to the planting width) as shown in FIG. in this case,
It is advisable to use a gauge plate with the planting width and angle marked on the side of the trench. The inclination of the duct is determined in consideration of not only the properties of the soil in the field, the drainage property, but also the workability, and there is no particular limitation. Generally, it is preferably 10 to 12 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. When the ears of the duct are opened, fresh soil is put on both sides of the duct so that the cultivated soil does not enter the receiving portion, and is flattened. The mulch is laid when the receiving portion of each duct on which the new soil is placed has a substantially flat surface. A commercially available material can be used for the material of the mulch. For example, a water-impermeable transparent or colored plastic sheet of 0.02 to 0.03 cm may be used, and a transparent polyethylene sheet is preferable. The width is 10 to 15 cm wider than the width of the receiving part, preferably 20
３０30 cm. Cover the top of the mulch with a suitable thickness, for example, 1 to 2 cm of new soil, fix the mulch, and place a seed pot on it so that the germination point is almost above the center of the receiving part,
The surrounding area is filled with new soil to prevent the seed potato from directly contacting the cultivated soil, and then the cultivated soil is put on it (using a vertical machine) and planting is completed.

When the soft duct is used, it is preferable to use an auxiliary plate at the back of the duct. If only a soft duct is used, during planting or during the growth of the potato, the cylinder may be deformed and bend and bend in some cases, or the bag may be broken and the potato may rot. By substituting the auxiliary plate, it is possible to prevent the deformation of the potato, bury the duct,
The work of digging the crop becomes easier.

As the auxiliary plate, a hard V-shaped or round plate made of resin and having a width of about 16 cm or a commercially available corrugated plate can be used. The length is the length of the duct.

It is a notable feature of this method that the upper end of the duct (receiving portion covered with fresh soil) is covered with a mulch in the method of the present invention. By using this mulch, the inside of the duct can be substantially shielded from cultivated soil in the field.
The tip of the storage root (new potato) of the yam extends downward, easily penetrates the mulch, extends, is surrounded by the duct receiving part, changes direction, expands and enlarges along the duct, and has a favorable shape inside the duct Become. However, even if the main absorption roots for absorbing water and nutrients from the cultivated soil extend downward and hit the mulch, due to their nature, they grow out of the mulch, so they enter the ducts and grow new. Does not interfere with The thickness of the mulch may be a commercially available mulch sheet, unless a particularly thick one is selected.

Furthermore, since the mulch and the neck of the newborn are in close contact with each other, insecticides and fungicides applied to the aerial parts, vines, leaves, etc. of plants, and fungicides and insecticides applied to soil. The migration of pesticides or soil nematodes into the duct can be prevented, and the quality of new ones can be kept good.

In the above description, an example has been described in which the ducts buried in one trench dug in a field are arranged in a line. However, the width of the trench is widened, and for example, a soft plastic duct and an auxiliary plate are used in combination. If you do, on the wide corrugated auxiliary plate,
It is also possible to arrange a plurality of rows of ducts filled with new soil, bury them, and cultivate them. Such cultivation methods are naturally included in the scope of the present invention. The following effects are obtained by using the above cultivation method. 1. It is possible to prevent the adsorption and adsorption of gas and foul odors generated during decomposition of compost, organic fertilizers, pesticides and the like in soil. 2. It is possible to prevent the absorption and absorption of fertilizers, pesticides and the like dissolved in the soil solution to the potato. 3. It can protect potatoes from harmful microorganisms in the soil and prevent the occurrence of disease. 4. The potatoes can be protected from the damage of nematodes, larvae of kogane and other harmful insects in the soil. 5. The length of the potato can be adjusted to make the potato tissue dense and improve the quality. 6. The skin of the potato becomes clean and the commercial value can be increased. 7. It can improve the taste, aroma and stickiness, and can prevent the generation of lye. 8. It can prevent branching and decay caused by excessive fertilizer, such as fertilizer or dwarf of potato (discolored to black brown) or excessive fertilizer. 9. Even when the rainfall lasts for a long period of time, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of over-humidity obstacles such as reversal of the potatoes in the container, side cracks, and decay.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As an example of the cultivation method of the present invention, a potato plant
A culture example is described. 2 per ripe compost 10a as original manure in the field
Tons and 60% organic fertilizer N, P_Two O_Five ,
K _Two 30kg each for 10a with O component, tillage, suppression
did. Then, assuming a ridge width (groove spacing) of 1.5 m, the depth
A 40 cm, 15 cm wide trench was dug east and west. As a duct
0.25mm thick, 11cm wide when crushed
Cut a polyethylene hose to a length of 120 cm
After crushing, fold 2cm and stop with tape, etc.
12 cm in the length direction from the edge to the center of the sheet on the edge surface,
Make a T-shaped cut in the width direction to 9cm
Formed. From the cut end of this duct,
Approximately 1.2 liters of mountain soil (new soil) using gutters
Fill to a thickness of about 2cm with the end opposite to the receiving part about 50g
Use of many mordenites on top of the auxiliary plate
I thought. 1mm thick, 10cm wide, 12mm long
A 0 cm rigid PVC corrugated sheet was used. The inclination of the auxiliary plate is horizontal
15 degrees, and the gauge plate so that the distance between the stocks is 10 cm
Make the auxiliary plate and the duct on it
And assist one after another while reclaiming arable soil
Embed a set of plates and ducts, on both sides of the duct receiving part, below
The side is filled with new soil and the top surface is covered with new soil, and a series of receiving parts are almost
Make it horizontal, then clear 0.02cm, width 2
Put a 5cm polyethylene sheet around the receiving part.
Ching. Cover the mulch with new soil about 2cm,
Seeds on the top, and the buds are almost directly above the center of the duct receiving part
And cover the seed potatoes with new soil.
Was. Then, use a shiori machine to cover the soil to 10-15cm
The planting of arable soil was completed. The seed potatoes used were wild
Collect potato mukago, germinate, and grow
It grows bacterially and weighs about 40 to 100 g after about one year
It is.

After the planting of the seed potatoes, it was customarily practiced to stand up, remove weeds, control pests, and irrigate. About 210 days after the planting, the seeds and leaves were withered and harvested. The yield after washing with water and drying was 2,500 kg per 10a, an average length of about 110 cm, and a weight of about 0.5 kg.

[0027]

As described in detail above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, a high quality mountain potato can be obtained by skillfully combining commercially available materials and conventional cultivation techniques.
It can be obtained in a stable and high yield.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of ducts and seed potatoes when the cultivation method of the present invention is applied to actual production.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a cultivator used in one of the conventional cultivation methods.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-171116 (JP, A) JP-A-54-135125 (JP, A) JP-A-59-191146 (JP, U) JP-A-3-171125 91742 (JP, U) Akihisa Executive et al., High-quality and high-yield production technology in pipe cultivation of Yamanoimo, Kyushu Agricultural Research Result Information, 1994, No. 9, p. 549-550 (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/00 301 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for cultivating a potato in a mountain, comprising the step of planting a seed potato in the following procedure. 1. A duct having a diameter of 5 to 20 cm and a length of 100 to 150 cm having a receiving part which can be closed at one end and having an opening at the other end, and a seed potato having a germination point are prepared, and sufficient to bury the duct in a field. Dig grooves of a wide width and depth. 2. Close one end of the duct, fill the new soil up to the receiving part,
The duct is buried with the closed end open so that the receiving part faces the field surface in the groove and the receiving part is upward and inclined with respect to the horizontal, and the periphery and the top surface of the receiving part are covered with fresh soil. 3. On the new soil covering the receiving part, mulch with a water-impermeable plastic sheet wider than the open receiving part of the buried duct. 4. The mulched sheet is covered with new soil, and the seed is placed on the new soil so that the germination point of the seed is almost right above the center of the receiving portion. 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the duct is made of a soft plastic film, and a hard auxiliary plate is provided at the back of the duct. 3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary board is a hard plastic corrugated board or a V-shaped hard plastic board. 4. On the closeable end side of the duct,
Zeolite or mordenite is 1-5 times the length of the duct
The cultivation method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the cultivation method is performed to fill the cultivation material to a length of at least 1%. 5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the water-impermeable plastic sheet is a PVC sheet, a polyethylene sheet or a polypropylene sheet. 6. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seed potato is covered by first covering the potato with fresh soil and then covering with cultivated soil.