JP3350645B2 - Unglazed kiln - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an unglazing kiln capable of unglazing a workpiece such as a bowl, a dish, a jar, a figurine, etc., formed by shaping clay, using charcoal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, among the above-mentioned works, baked goods for easy firing are used in a kiln using a drum or a kerosene can during a second unglazing after the first unglazing. When the work is placed in the charcoal while stuffing it, the charcoal is heated and burned to perform unglazing by reacting the carbon of the charcoal with the work. The shade of black as a reaction color of charcoal on a red background is expressed as various natural patterns.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned conventional kiln using a drum or kerosene can has an advantage that it can be easily used anywhere, but an intake hole formed in a peripheral surface thereof. Are uneven, and the number and sparseness of the charcoal make the charcoal combustion in the kiln uneven, and it is difficult to control the combustion. There is a problem that it is difficult to express an intended black pattern.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the unglazing kiln according to the present invention comprises, first, a side wall 2a having a heat-resistant structure and a plurality of intake holes 22 formed in a cylindrical peripheral surface. And a kiln body 2 having a heating chamber 3 capable of accommodating a workpiece W and charcoal S formed by opening the upper portion from a bottom wall 2b having a heating hole 26 communicating with the heating unit 6, and an inverted funnel shape. It has an exhaust port 5a at its top and has an opening 30
And a heating unit 6 installed below the bottom wall 2b to heat the inside of the heating chamber 3.

Second, each intake hole 22 has a diameter of about 1.0.
It is characterized in that it is provided so as to be able to be closed by an intake plug 23 at about 2.0 cm.

Third, the present invention is characterized in that the bottom wall 2b is removably attached and fixed to the kiln body 2.

[0007] Fourth, a stove 6a and a burner 6b as the heating unit 6 are replaceably provided below the bottom wall 2b.

Fifth, the kiln body 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the heating section 6 is formed to have substantially the same diameter as the kiln body 2, and the bottom wall 2 b of the kiln body 2 is joined on the heating section 6. It is characterized by being installed.

[0009]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a kiln 1 according to the present invention capable of unglazed ware such as easy-to-cook.
Is a kiln body 2 having a heat-resistant side wall 2a and a bottom wall 2b and having a rectangular heating chamber 3 opened upward and an exhaust port 5a for opening and closing the upper opening 30. Lid 5
And a heating unit 6 disposed below the bottom wall 2b for heating the inside of the heating chamber 3 and the like, and burning appropriate charcoal S such as charcoal or bamboo charcoal contained in the heating chamber 3, A work W such as a bowl for easy ware which is installed in a proper posture can be baked (unglazed). At the four corners of the kiln body 2, supporting legs 8 with casters 8 a are erected, and the bottom wall 2
An elevating mechanism 7 for adjusting the height of the heating unit 6 is installed below b.

The detailed structure of each part in this embodiment will be described. In the kiln body 2 in the illustrated example, the outer wall 20 is formed of a heat-resistant steel plate such as stainless steel into a rectangular tube shape, and heat insulation and heat resistance are provided inside the outer wall 20. The heat-resistant inner wall 21 having a conventional configuration is formed so as to have an inner size of about 40 cm square, and penetrates the outer wall 20 and the inner wall 21 with a brick or a wall plate made of carborundum material having An intake hole 22 having a diameter of about 1.5 cm is formed upward from the bottom wall 2b by approximately 10c.
Perforations are provided in a plurality of stages at every m intervals, and are provided so as to have substantially equal intervals of about 8 on one side, so that the outside air can be substantially uniformly taken in from all 32 intake holes 22 on all sides. I can do it. In addition, the diameter of the intake hole 22 is set to 1.0 to 2.0 to prevent smooth combustion of the charcoal S due to a large amount of outside air flowing in, as well as to allow smooth intake.
About 0 cm is preferable.

Reference numeral 23 denotes intake plugs 23 for opening and closing the intake holes 22 so that the intake holes 22 can be opened and closed.
Since the intake is disabled by the removably inserted 3, it is possible to freely and easily select the intake position on the entire circumference of the side wall 2 a. An openable and lockable side lid 24 forming the inner wall 21 is fixedly attached to the front side wall 2a by a hinge structure, so that charcoal filling, installation and removal of the work W, maintenance work in the kiln, and the like are performed. Is easy to do.

On the other hand, the bottom wall 2b has a lid bottom wall 25 at the center thereof.
Is provided detachably at a position corresponding to the lower heating section 6, and a large-diameter heating hole 26 is provided at the center of the lid bottom wall 25.
And an appropriate number of small-diameter heating holes 26 formed in the periphery thereof, the heating power generated in the heating unit 6 is reduced by the lower coal S inside the heating chamber 3.
Swiftly promotes the combustion of charcoal S, facilitates replacement of the bottom wall 2b and maintenance work when the inner wall 21 is deteriorated, and furthermore, firing (final firing) described later with reference to FIG.
In the process, the installation of the burner 6b as the heating unit 6 and the installation of the middle shelf N can be easily performed.
Reference numeral 27 denotes a fixture such as an attachment screw for attaching and fixing the lid bottom wall 25 to the main body of the bottom wall 2b.

Next, the configuration of the lid 5 will be described. The lid 5 is formed in an inverted funnel shape in a side view, has a relatively small exhaust port 5a at the top of the conical surface, and has a lower peripheral edge formed in a flat surface to form a kiln body 2. Is airtightly joined to the upper peripheral edge to facilitate opening and closing while preventing heat radiation between the two. With this configuration, the kiln 1 sufficiently forms a combustion gas (exhaust gas) retention space 3 a above the heating chamber 3 even when the heating chamber 3 is filled with the charcoal S in a state where the work W is installed in the heating chamber 3. Exhaust gas temporarily stays in the stagnation space 3a to keep the heating chamber 3 warm and to appropriately discharge the exhaust gas from the top of the conical surface, that is, the center of the lid 5, in an appropriate amount. When performing, it is possible to uniformly take in the outside air from the intake holes 22 around the entire circumference, and to promote uniform combustion of the charcoal S in the heating chamber 3.

Next, the configuration of the heating unit 6 and the lifting mechanism 7 will be described. The heating unit 6 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a fire stove 6 a formed in a known structure such as a small camad shape or a brazier shape, and the stove 6 a has a charcoal fire in a fire bed 61 having an intake port 60. (Fire) is formed so that it can be stored,
The upper and lower sides of the outer periphery of the container are moved up and down with respect to the lid bottom wall 25.
, So that it can be pushed up and down. The lifting mechanism 7 has a support frame 7 in which an adjusting screw 72 with a handle 71 is protruded below a lifting table 70 on which the stove 6a can be placed, and the adjusting screw 72 is fixed between the legs 8,8.
3, the stove 6a can be moved up and down via the elevating table 70 by rotating the handle 71.

Therefore, according to this configuration, it is possible to easily store the fire with the stove 6a placed outside the machine, and the upper side of the stove 6a is connected to the outer surface of the lid bottom wall 25 via the elevating mechanism 7. Has the advantage of being able to be hermetically bonded, and at the time of the firing step shown in FIG.
The burner 6b can be easily installed on the elevating platform 70 after the stove 6a is removed, and the unburned kiln that can be used in the above-described manner is used. There are advantages such as easy switching and use. At this time, the lid bottom wall 25 of the illustrated example is
Another lid bottom wall provided with a heating hole 26 for b may be interchangeably mounted.

Next, an embodiment of unglazing a pottery (work W) for red music performed using charcoal S using the unglazing kiln of the present invention having the above-described structure will be described. The work W used in this working example is prepared by shaping clay for easy firing into, for example, a green tea bowl shape as shown in FIG. 4 (B), applying loess during green drying, and drying the work. It has been subjected to unglazing. Accordingly, in the ordinary unglazing performed without burning and contacting the charcoal, the entire work W is uniformly colored on a reddish ground. In addition, any charcoal S may be used, but charcoal obtained by using a normal charcoal burning means for mixed wood, thinned wood, and the like may be used.

First, charcoal S is introduced into the heating chamber 3 from the opening 30 from which the lid 5 has been removed and spread over the bottom wall 2b at a predetermined height, and then the work W is placed on the center of the kiln. In a desired posture, and recharging is performed by charging charcoal S around and above the installed work W in a state where the charcoal S is evenly or deviated in consideration of coloring, and then another work W is necessary if necessary. It is appropriately installed and spread with charcoal S by the same means. When the filling operation is completed, the lid 5 is closed air-tightly and put in a state of waiting for unglazing.

It is preferable that the work W is positioned and installed at substantially the same height as the height of the intake hole 22 through the lower charcoal S. In this case, the work W is formed of carbon of the charcoal S that burns at a high temperature in this portion. The thermochemical reaction between the material and the soil material is sufficiently performed, so that the color development due to the carbon content can be remarkably exhibited, and it is easy to appropriately perform the color development suppressing means when the intake hole 22 is closed by the intake plug 23. In addition, it is possible to accurately adjust a naturally appearing pattern such as a cloud shape on the surface of the work W, and to further create an aesthetic appearance.

At this time, as for the charcoal S to be disposed close to the periphery of the work W, it is also possible to try to mix charcoal having different properties from the above-mentioned charcoal, or to partially use smaller-crushed charcoal. In this case, it is possible to freely create various different patterns on the surface of the work W in addition to the reference pattern of the charcoal S.

Next, when the stove 6a containing the fire is set in the kiln body 2 with the work W in the unsintering standby state as described above in a manner as described above, the flame passes through the heating hole 26 and reaches the lower layer. Ignited quickly, and the upper coal S can be propagated and burned sequentially, and the temperature in the heating chamber 3 can be raised to about 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C. at a stretch. Adjustment of the temperature rise temperature and the like can be easily performed by appropriately using the intake plug 23 for each intake hole 22 in consideration of the finish of the work and the like.

At this time, the charcoal S filled in the heating chamber 3
Are intake holes 22 formed at predetermined intervals on the entire circumference of the side wall 2a.
Combustion is promoted by the outside air entering from above, and the combustion gas rising to the upper part of the heating chamber 3 promotes the heat retention of the heating chamber 3 while staying in the stay space 3a formed by the lid 5, and the exhaust gas from the center thereof Since the discharge can be appropriately performed without biasing on the surface of the spread coal S, the outside air is uniformly sucked from each intake hole 22, and the combustion of the coal S in the heating chamber 3 is uniformly performed. Can be promoted.

Therefore, for example, when it is desired that the work W placed on the front side has the pattern shaded in its proper place, the above-mentioned thermochemical reaction is suppressed by closing the intake hole 22 in the corresponding direction with the intake plug 23. A light pattern can be created, and the other one that is not blocked can be made a dark pattern. This light and shade expression can be made well in line with the intention of the creator, and a large number of intake holes 22 are fixed. The holes are arranged at equal intervals on the entire circumference, so that the operation of burning can be performed from the entire circumference of the work W to the suction plug 2 of the suction hole 22.
There is an advantage that the opening and closing by 3 can be performed freely and easily.

At this time, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 2, when a conduit 22a having an appropriate length and shape is detachably provided in the intake hole 22, the outside air is supplied from the intake hole 22 to the work W or the work W.
Since it is possible to supply desired and accurate charcoal S to the nearby charcoal S, there is an advantage that options for finishing the work can be further diversified. The kiln 1 according to the present invention
When the lid 5 is removed, the upper part of the heating chamber 3 can be greatly opened, so that it is possible to easily take out the charcoal S from the opening 30 and adjust the change of the charcoal position in a timely manner. There is also an advantage that the work W can be freely baked by adjusting the charcoal position.

The work W may be taken out from the opening 30 after the unglazing with charcoal S is completed. However, according to the kiln 1 according to the present invention, the detachable lid bottom wall can be used. 25 and the elevating mechanism 7, the work W can be taken out efficiently from below the kiln body 2 by placing the detached lid bottom wall 25 on the elevating table 70 with the heating unit 6 removed and moving it down. It has features such as easy and easy operation. The workpiece W thus unbaked with the charcoal S is subjected to a glaze process of applying an appropriate glaze, and thereafter, is subjected to a main bake process to complete firing.

According to the kiln 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4A, the work W is baked in the heating chamber 3 in the same manner as the conventional means for supporting the middle shelf N in the heating chamber 3. After the work W is placed in an appropriate posture by, for example, the burner 6b is placed on the elevating table 70 and attached to the lid bottom wall 25, the flame of the burner 6b is appropriately fed into the heating chamber 3 to allow the work W Since the main firing can be performed, various unglazing and main firing using one kiln 1 can be performed efficiently, easily, and at low cost.

The work W thus finished is
In the case of a transparent glaze when fired, the whole color develops a red color peculiar to red clay, and a black cloud-like natural pattern corresponding to the degree of reaction with charcoal S is expressed on the surface of Akarachi Yaki with subtle shading Since the aesthetic appearance can be exhibited while being performed, the rare value of the work can be provided by being greatly improved by a simple unglazing method using the kiln 1 of the present invention.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same configuration as that of the above embodiment is omitted. The kiln 1 shown in FIG.
A kiln body 2 having a cylindrical side wall 2a and a bottom wall 2b having an inner diameter of about 30 cm and a height of about 30 cm; and a heating unit 6 formed to have the same diameter so as to also serve as a pedestal of the kiln body 2. ,
By comprising the lid 5 covering the heating chamber 3 of the kiln main body 2, it is possible to produce it at a low cost with a small and simple configuration, and for a ceramic hobbyist who makes small-scale works. It is designed to improve convenience.

That is, the kiln body 2 in this embodiment is
An outer wall 20 and an inner wall 21 similar to the first embodiment constitute a side wall 2a having a plurality of cylindrical air intake holes 22, and a bottom wall 2b also serving as a lid bottom wall can be inserted into and removed from the inner wall 21. In the inserted state, the bottom of the side wall 2a is air-tightly received on the outer periphery of the bottom plate 2c of the bottom wall 2b, and if necessary, the side wall 2a and the bottom wall 2b are separated by a fixing tool 9 such as a dotted line provided between the two. It can be connected as much as possible.

With this configuration, the cylindrical kiln body 2 can be easily manufactured by being divided into the side wall 2a and the bottom wall 2b, and the side wall 2a can be raised upward by releasing the fixture 9. In addition, there is an advantage that the work W after unbaked or fired can be taken out, the charcoal S or charcoal ash can be cleaned, maintenance work, and the like can be performed extremely easily.

The heating section 6 is formed by forming the outer shape of the stove 6a into a cylindrical body having substantially the same diameter as the kiln body 2 by means of a molding die or a cutting process. 2 can be hermetically bonded on the stove 6a, and can be stably supported.

The lid 5 for covering the cylindrical kiln body 2 can be easily formed into a bowl shape by a potter's wheel or a mold using a heat-resistant material or clay, and has a sufficient stay space 3a. Therefore, unglazing and baking of the work W can be favorably performed, and the forming of a flange piece or the like which also serves as a pipe and a folded handle is integrally formed at the exhaust port 5a as shown by a dotted line in FIG. There are also advantages such as easy operation.

In the kiln body 2 of the second embodiment, the side wall 2a and the bottom wall 2b are integrally formed with heat-resistant clay, without being limited to the one in which a brick or a tile-like member is attached. Therefore, there is an advantage that the kiln body 2 can be easily and inexpensively manufactured by the pottery structure.

Therefore, in the kiln 1 in which the kiln body 2 and the heating section 6 can be divided and manufactured with a small and simple configuration, the installation, transportation, storage, etc. of the kiln 1 are performed in a small space and conveniently. Although the work W can be installed at the center of the cylindrical heating chamber 3, the outside air can be equally taken in from all directions at the same distance. It can be used efficiently by small potters and can be used easily even by small potters.

[0034]

According to the present invention having the above-described structure, the following effects can be obtained. The opening of the kiln body, in which a plurality of intake holes are formed in the peripheral surface of the cylindrical side wall, is formed in an inverted funnel shape and covered with a lid having an exhaust port at the top to form a combustion gas retention space. , A heating unit installed below the bottom wall of the kiln body, a unfired kiln that burns the charcoal contained in the heating chamber together with the work, so that when the charcoal is burned, a large amount of When the combustion gas is discharged while staying, the outside air can be taken in uniformly from the intake holes around the entire circumference, and the combustion of charcoal can be promoted uniformly in the heating chamber. Can be.

In the work, the charcoal is burned well at the portion opposite to the intake hole, and the thermochemical reaction is sufficiently performed, so that the color development due to the carbon content can be remarkably exhibited, and the intake hole is closed with an intake plug. This makes it possible to easily suppress color development, so that there is an advantage that the black pattern appearing on the surface of Akaku-yaki, which is considered to be particularly difficult, can be efficiently and accurately adjusted.

Further, the kiln body is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the heating section is formed to have substantially the same diameter so as to also serve as the base of the kiln body, and the bottom wall of the kiln body is mounted on the heating section. By
It can be manufactured inexpensively with a compact and simple configuration that can separate the kiln body and the heating unit, and also installs and transports the kiln,
Storage and the like can be performed conveniently in a small space. In addition, the work installed in the center of the heating chamber can take in outside air equally from all directions, so that unglazing or baking can be performed well and it can be easily used by small-scale potters. There are advantages such as being able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an unglazed kiln according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A is a plan sectional view of the upper part of a kiln body. (B) is a plan sectional view of the lower part of the kiln body.

FIG. 4A is a front sectional view showing an embodiment in which main firing is performed using the unglazed kiln of FIG. 1; (B) is a perspective view showing a state of a bowl shape and a pattern as a work.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an unglazed kiln according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6A is a front sectional view of FIG. 5; (B) is a plan sectional view of the upper part of the kiln body. (C) is a plan sectional view of the lower part of the kiln body.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Kiln (unglazed kiln) 2 Kiln main body 2a Side wall 2b Bottom wall 3 Heating room 3a Staying space 5 Lid 5a Exhaust port 6 Heating part 6a Stove 6b Burner 7 Elevating mechanism 22 Suction hole 23 Suction plug 30 Opening

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-8-189632 (JP, A) JP-A-3-6293 (JP, U) Registered utility model 3000775 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl) . ^7, DB name) C04B 33/32

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A side wall (2a) having a plurality of intake holes (22) formed in a cylindrical peripheral surface of a heat-resistant structure, and a bottom wall (26) formed with a heating hole (26) communicating with a heating section (6). 2b)
A kiln body (2) having an upper opening to form a heating chamber (3) capable of accommodating a workpiece (W) and charcoal (S), and an inverted funnel-shaped exhaust port (5a) at the top. Lid (5) for opening and closing the opening (30) of the heating chamber (3)
And a heating unit (6) installed below the bottom wall (2b) for heating the inside of the heating chamber (3). 2. Each intake hole (22) has a diameter of approximately 1.0 to 1.0.
The unglazed kiln according to claim 1, which is provided so as to be able to be closed by an intake plug (23) at about 2.0 cm. 3. The unglazed kiln according to claim 1, wherein the bottom wall (2b) is detachably attached and fixed to the kiln body (2). 4. The unglazed kiln according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a stove (6a) and a burner (6b) serving as a heating section (6) are replaceably provided below the bottom wall (2b). 5. The kiln body (2) is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the heating section (6) is formed to have substantially the same diameter as the kiln body (2), and the kiln body (2) is placed on the heating section (6). The unglazed kiln according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the bottom wall (2 b) of 2) is joined and installed.