JP3360345B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional non-memory liquid crystal display device,
The alignment film was mainly formed by heating polyimide on the inner surface of the substrate and rubbing it with a fiber such as rayon. The anchoring energy of the liquid crystal was about 10 ⁻³ J / m ² . Note that the anchoring energy described below means a binding force (tilt anchoring energy) between the liquid crystal and the alignment film existing in the normal direction of the substrate. In addition, for example,
The use of an alignment film having a smaller anchoring energy than polyimide as in No. 15926 “Liquid crystal display cell” was mainly used to provide a liquid crystal display with memory properties. FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal display device. The conventional liquid crystal display device includes an upper polarizing plate 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizing plate 3, an upper substrate 4, a lower substrate 5, a transparent electrode 6, an alignment film 7, and a liquid crystal 8 of the liquid crystal cell. Further, the retardation film may be provided between the upper polarizing plate 1 and the upper substrate 4 and between the lower polarizing plate 3 and the lower substrate 5, or may be provided only between either of them. .

[0003]

In the conventional non-memory liquid crystal display device, since the anchoring energy between the polyimide as the alignment film and the liquid crystal is relatively large at 10 ⁻³ J / m ² , the driving is not possible. Even when a voltage was applied to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules near the alignment film could not move. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional non-memory liquid crystal display device in a driving voltage applied state. A conventional non-memory liquid crystal display device includes an upper polarizer 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizer 3, an upper substrate 4, a lower substrate 5, a transparent electrode 6, an alignment film 7, and a liquid crystal 8 of a liquid crystal cell. When a driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 8 by the power supply 10, only liquid crystal molecules located outside the vicinity of the alignment film move. For this reason, (I) the difference in retardation of the liquid crystal molecular layer between the ON state and the OFF state of the drive voltage is reduced, and the brightness and contrast of the liquid crystal display are not improved. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer is increased in order to brighten the liquid crystal display. When the value is increased, the viewing angle becomes narrower and the coloration of the display becomes larger. (II) The threshold voltage of the liquid crystal is increased, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device is increased. There was a problem that multiplex driving was difficult. Therefore, the present invention solves such a conventional problem by providing an organic or inorganic substance alignment layer having a relatively small anchoring energy between the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal display device. The purpose is to improve the quality.

[0004]

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a pair of opposing transparent substrates having a transparent electrode and at least one alignment layer disposed on the inner surface of each, and a twist between the pair of transparent substrates. In a liquid crystal display device including a sandwiched liquid crystal and a polarizing plate disposed outside the pair of transparent substrates, an elongation elastic constant K
₁₁ (N), the distance d (m) between the transparent substrates, and the anchoring energy C between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal.
Λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d ·) defined from (J / m ² )
C) is in the range of 0.04 ≦ λ ≦ 0.5. If λ <0.04, the effect of improving the display quality is lost, and if λ> 0.5, hysteresis appears in the voltage-transmittance curve of the liquid crystal display device.

Further, a chemical substance layer is provided between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal. Further, the liquid crystal has an elongation elastic constant K ₁₁ of 1.05 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N or a value smaller than 1.05 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N. If the elastic constant K ₁₁ is larger than 1.05 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N, the steepness of the voltage-transmittance curve deteriorates, and high multiplex driving becomes impossible.

The bending elastic constant K _{33 of the} liquid crystal is
It has a value of 1.25 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N or less. Elastic constant K ₃₃ is 1.25 × 10
^{If it is} larger than ^-11 N, hysteresis appears in the voltage-transmittance curve of the liquid crystal display device.

Further, the anchoring energy is:
It is not more than 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ J / m ² . When the anchoring energy is larger than 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ J / m ² , the effect of improving the display quality is lost.

Further, the birefringence Δn of the nematic liquid crystal is
And the product Δn × d of the liquid crystal cell and the cell thickness d is 0.6 μm or less. When Δn × d is larger than 0.6 μm, the viewing angle becomes narrow and the coloring of the display becomes large.

[0009]

In the liquid crystal display device constructed as described above, the alignment layer or the chemical substance layer disposed between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal has a relatively low anchoring energy for the liquid crystal molecules. With a lower driving voltage, not only the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the liquid crystal layer but also the liquid crystal molecules located near the alignment film can be moved. For this reason, the retardation difference between the liquid crystal molecular layers in the drive voltage ON state and the drive voltage OFF state becomes larger, and not only improves the brightness and contrast of the liquid crystal display device, but also increases the viewing angle and suppresses the coloring of the display to suppress the coloring of the display. The retardation of the liquid crystal molecular layer at the time of addition can be reduced to some extent. Further, the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal is lowered, so that the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device can be reduced. Furthermore, the steepness of the change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal due to the application of the driving voltage is improved, and high multiplex driving can be achieved.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a view showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device. This liquid crystal display device includes an upper polarizer 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizer 3,
The liquid crystal cell includes an upper substrate 4, a lower substrate 5, a transparent electrode 6, a SiO oblique deposition film 7, and a liquid crystal 8. The liquid crystal 8 is ME
K ₁₁ = 1.01 × 10 with ZLI-2081 manufactured by RCK
⁻¹¹ N, K _{3 3} = 1.16 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N, twisted 270 ° to the left when viewed from the lower substrate 5 side. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device in a state where a driving voltage is applied by the power supply 10. The SiO oblique deposition film 7 has a thickness of 10
^{It has} a relatively low anchoring energy of ^-4 J / m ² or less, and can move liquid crystal molecules located near the alignment film with a lower driving voltage. Therefore, λ≡
When (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), 0.04 ≦ λ ≦
The distance d between the upper substrate 4 and the lower substrate 5 so as to be 0.5
Is adjusted, a liquid crystal display device that is bright, has high contrast, and consumes low power can be obtained. FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 51 of the liquid crystal display device.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 3 is a view showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device. This liquid crystal display device includes an upper polarizer 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizer 3,
Upper substrate 4, lower substrate 5, transparent electrode 6, SiO obliquely deposited film 7, hexamethyldisilazane film (hereinafter HMDS)
(Abbreviated as film) 9 and liquid crystal 8. The liquid crystal 8 has M
K ₁₁ = 9.50 × 1 with ZLI-1557 manufactured by ERCK
0 ⁻¹² N, K ₃₃ = 1.15 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N, and the lower substrate 5
It is twisted 270 ° to the left when viewed from the side. The SiO oblique deposition film 7 has a relatively low anchoring energy of 10 ⁻⁴ J / m ² or less with respect to the liquid crystal molecules, and the HMDS film 9 existing on the liquid crystal side surface is SiO oblique deposition. Membrane 7
The anchoring energy for liquid crystal molecules of 10 ^-6
About 10 ^-5 J / m ² . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules located near the alignment film can be moved with a lower driving voltage, and λ≡ (π · K
₁₁ ) If the distance d between the upper substrate 4 and the lower substrate 5 is adjusted so that 0.04 ≦ λ ≦ 0.5 when (d · C), bright, high contrast and low power consumption can be achieved. It becomes a liquid crystal display device. FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 5 of this liquid crystal display device.
2 is shown.

(Embodiment 3) A third embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which the SiO oblique deposition film 7 in FIG. 1 is replaced with a polyparaphenylene film. This liquid crystal display device has an upper polarizer 1,
Liquid crystal cell 2, lower polarizing plate 3, upper substrate 4, lower substrate 5, transparent electrode 6, polyparaphenylene film 7, and liquid crystal 8 of liquid crystal cell
Consists of The liquid crystal 8 is made of ZLI- manufactured by MERCK.
K ₁₁ = 1.01 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N and K ₃₃ = 1.1 at 2081
6 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N, and 270 to the left when viewed from the lower substrate 5 side.
゜ It is twisted. The polyparaphenylene film 7 has a relatively low anchoring of 10 ⁻⁴ J / m ² or less with respect to liquid crystal molecules.
It has energy and can move liquid crystal molecules located near the alignment film with a lower driving voltage as shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. Therefore, λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) /
If the distance d between the upper substrate 4 and the lower substrate 5 is adjusted so that 0.04 ≦ λ ≦ 0.5 when (d · C), a bright, high-contrast, low-power-consumption liquid crystal display device Becomes FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 53 of the liquid crystal display device.

Comparative Example 1 In Examples 1, 2 and 3, when λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), λ <0.
The distance d between the elastic constant K ₁₁ of different or the upper substrate 4 and lower substrate 5 using the liquid crystal elongation so 04 was adjusted. FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 54 of the liquid crystal display device.
Is shown. In this case, the contrast of the liquid crystal display and the sharpness of the change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal due to the application of the driving voltage are not improved, and the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal does not decrease. Thus, adjusting the distance d between it and the upper and lower substrates using different liquid crystal elastic constant K ₁₁ extends such that lambda <0.04 is desirably no effect of the display quality improvement of a liquid crystal display device Absent.

Comparative Example 2 In Examples 1, 2 and 3, when λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), λ> 0.
Liquid crystal having a different stretch elastic constant K ₁₁ was used or the distance d between the upper substrate 4 and the lower substrate 5 was adjusted so as to be 5. FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 55 of the liquid crystal display device. In this case, hysteresis appears in the transmittance-voltage curve of the liquid crystal display device, which makes it difficult to control display characteristics and develop a driving circuit. As described above, using a liquid crystal having a different elastic modulus of elasticity K ₁₁ so as to satisfy λ> 0.5 or adjusting the distance d between the upper and lower substrates is more advantageous than improving the display quality of the liquid crystal display device. The disadvantages associated with device development are greater and are undesirable.

Comparative Example 3 In Examples 1, 2 and 3, a liquid crystal having an elongation elastic constant K ₁₁ larger than 1.05 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N was used. FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 56 of the liquid crystal display device. In this case, the steepness of the change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal due to the application of the driving voltage is not improved, and high multiplex driving cannot be performed. Thus, the elongation elastic constant K ₁₁ is 1.05
It is not desirable to use a liquid crystal larger than × 10 ⁻¹¹ N because a large-capacity liquid crystal display cannot be displayed.

[0017] In Comparative Example 4 Examples 1, 2 and 3, the bending elastic constant K ₃₃ was used 1.25 × 10 ^-11 N is greater than the liquid crystal. FIG. 4 shows a voltage-transmittance curve 57 of the liquid crystal display device. In this case, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device−
Hysteresis appears in the voltage curve, which makes it difficult to control display characteristics and develop a driving circuit. Thus, the bending elastic constant K ₃₃
The use of a liquid crystal having a larger than 1.25 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N is not desirable because the disadvantage associated with the development of a liquid crystal display device increases.

(Embodiment 4) As shown in FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention comprises an upper polarizing plate 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizing plate 3, an upper substrate 4 of a liquid crystal cell, and a lower liquid crystal cell. It comprises a substrate 5, a transparent electrode 6, an alignment film 7, and a nematic liquid crystal 8. The nematic liquid crystal 8 includes a liquid crystal ZLI manufactured by Merck.
-2293, Chiral dopant S also manufactured by Merck
1.31% by weight of -811 was used. ZLI-22
Since 93 has a birefringence Δn of 0.1322 and a cell gap d of 4.4 μm, Δn × d is 0.58 μm. An obliquely deposited SiO film was used for the alignment film 7. This is provided by depositing SiO about 250 ° at an angle θ of 60 ° from the substrate normal, then changing the direction of the deposition beam by 90 ° and changing the angle θ to 85 ° to deposit SiO again at about 10 °, A pretilt angle of 5 degrees and an anchoring energy of 2 × 10 ⁻⁵ J / m ² with the liquid crystal were obtained. Note that λ
When ＝ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), λ = 0.44
62.

As shown in FIG. 5, the axes of the upper polarizing plate 1 have a polarization axis (absorption axis) direction of 11, the upper substrate 4 has a liquid crystal alignment direction of 12, and the lower substrate 5 has a liquid crystal cell orientation. The liquid crystal alignment direction of 13, the polarization axis direction of the lower polarizing plate 3 to 14,
The angle between 11 and 12 is 21, and the twist angle of the nematic liquid crystal 8 determined from 12 and 13 is 22, and the angle between 14 and 13 is 23.
Degrees and the angle 22 was set to 270 degrees to the left.

The voltage transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention prepared as described above are shown in FIG.
Shown in When a multiplex drive of 1/240 duty is performed, the transmittance is 75% and the contrast ratio is 1:20.
Was able to take. The display color was white, which was slightly sky blue when off, and black when on. Here, the transmittance is a value normalized by setting the transmittance of the polarizing plate to 100%.

FIG. 7 is a view showing the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment. Here, the center of the figure is the substrate normal direction, and the six concentric circles surrounding the center are, in order from the inside, the inclination angles 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, and 50 degrees from the substrate normal.
Degrees and directions of 60 degrees. 41, 42, 4
3, 44 are contrast ratios of 1: 1, 1: 3, respectively.
It is a 1:10, 1:30 isocontrast curve. This viewing angle characteristic is characterized in that the contrast ratio is less than 1: 1. Conventionally, for example, STN in which color compensation is performed by a retardation film
In the case of the liquid crystal display device of the type, the display is inverted when the inclination angle from the center is about 35 degrees, but in the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the inversion does not occur up to 55 degrees.

(Comparative Example 5) In Example 4, the alignment film 7
All were the same as Example 4 except that a polyimide film was used and an alignment treatment was performed by rubbing. The pretilt angle is 5 degrees and the anchoring energy is 3 × 10 ⁻³ J / m ²
Met. When λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), λ = 0.030.

The voltage transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal display device thus prepared are shown in FIG. When a multiplex drive of 1/240 duty is performed, only a contrast ratio of 1: 4 can be obtained at a transmittance of 64%. This is because the darkness is not obtained unless a high voltage is applied, and the steepness is poor.

(Embodiment 5) In Embodiment 4, the alignment film 7
All were the same as Example 4 except that a polypyrrole film was used and an alignment treatment was performed by rubbing. The pretilt angle is 5 degrees and the anchoring energy is 9 × 10 ^-5 J / m
^{Was 2} . When λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), λ was 0.0992.

The voltage transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal display device thus prepared are shown in FIG. When multiplex driving with 1/240 duty was performed, a contrast ratio of 1: 7 was obtained at a transmittance of 67%. This is a better characteristic than that of Comparative Example 5.

(Embodiment 6) The embodiment 5 was not always satisfactory in contrast. Therefore, the contrast ratio was improved by increasing Δn × d of the liquid crystal cell. In Example 5, the amount of S-811 added was 1.2 w
The procedure was the same as in Example 5 except that the cell was sealed in a cell having a cell gap of 4.9 μm at t%. Δnxd is 0.6
5 μm. The pretilt angle was 5 degrees and the anchoring energy was 9 × 10 ⁻⁵ J / m ² . Also, λ≡
When (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C), λ = 0.089
It became 0.

The liquid crystal display device thus produced has a 1 /
When multiplex driving at 240 duty was performed, a contrast ratio of 1:12 was obtained at a transmittance of 81%.

(Embodiment 7) In Embodiment 4, the alignment film 7
The liquid crystal ZLI-4427 made by Merck was used for the S-
811 was added in an amount of 1.9 wt%, and a cell gap of 3.1 μm was added.
All of the procedures were the same as in Example 4, except that the cell was sealed in the cell m. Since the birefringence Δn of ZLI-4427 is 0.1127, Δn × d is 0.35 μm. The shape of the fine groove is 1 μm in width and 0.5 μm in height.
They were arranged at a pitch of 2 μm. At this time, the pretilt angle is less than 1 degree, and the anchoring energy is 8 × 10 ⁻⁶ J / m ^2.
Met.

When the anchoring energy is small as described above, even if Δn × d is reduced, good characteristics such as a transmittance of 61% and a contrast ratio of 1:18 can be obtained by multiplex driving with a 1/240 duty ratio. Can be

(Eighth Embodiment) In the seventh embodiment, S-81
Was added to 2.7 wt%, and the cell gap was 2.2.
All procedures were the same as in Example 7 except that the cells were sealed in a μm cell. Δnxd is 0.25 μm. At this time, the pretilt angle is less than 1 degree, and the anchoring energy is 8 × 10
^-6 J / m ² .

The liquid crystal display device thus prepared has a 1 /
When multiplex driving at 240 duty is performed, a contrast ratio of 1:21 can be obtained at a transmittance of 48%. The viewing angle characteristics were wider than in any of the above embodiments because Δn × d was small.

(Embodiment 9) In Embodiment 4, the angle 21
Is set to 30 degrees to the left, the angle 22 is set to 240 degrees to the left, the angle 23 is set to 60 degrees to the left, the addition amount of S-811 is 1.2 wt%, the cell gap is 4.4 μm, and Δn × d is 0. .58
Except that the thickness was set to μm, all the procedures were the same as in Example 4. Pre-tilt angle is 5 degrees, anchoring energy is 2 × 10 ^-5
J / m ² . Also, λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d ·
In the case of C), λ was 0.4462.

The liquid crystal display device thus prepared has a 1 /
When multiplex driving was performed at 120 duty, a contrast ratio of 1:17 was obtained at a transmittance of 82%.
Further, the coloring of the display was smaller than in Example 4, and the white /
Approached black.

(Embodiment 10) In Embodiment 4, the angle 2
1 was set at 15 degrees left, the angle 22 was set at 210 degrees left, and the angle 23 was set at 75 degrees left, and the amount of S-811 added was 1.1 wt%.
And the cell gap is 4.0 μm and Δn × d is 0.5
Everything was the same as Example 4 except that the thickness was 3 μm. Pretilt angle is 5 degrees, anchoring energy is 2 × 10
^-5 J / m ² . Also, λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d ·
C), λ = 0.4908.

The liquid crystal display device thus prepared has a 1 /
When multiplex driving was performed at 120 duty, a contrast ratio of 1:11 was obtained at a transmittance of 77%.
Further, the coloring of the display was smaller than in Example 9.

(Example 11) In the same manner as in Example 4, except that fine grooves formed by printing on an epoxy resin applied to the surfaces of the substrates 4 and 5 were used as the alignment film 7, did. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing fine grooves on the surface of an alignment film in Example 11. The shape of the fine grooves was 0.8 μm in height, inclined about 3 °, and arranged at a pitch of 0.6 μm. At this time, the pretilt angle is 4 degrees, and the anchoring energy is 7 × 10 ⁻⁵ J.
/ M ² . Also, λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C)
Λ was 0.1275.

The liquid crystal display device thus prepared has a 1 /
When multiplex driving at 240 duty was performed, a contrast ratio of 1:12 was obtained at a transmittance of 73%.

In the above embodiment, the display is all monochrome, but in the present invention, almost white / black display is realized. Therefore, color display can be easily performed by providing a micro color filter for each pixel. You can do it too. The twist angle of the liquid crystal can be applied not only to a so-called super twist but also to a 90 degree twist TN mode. In this case, the saturation voltage is significantly reduced. G with dichroic dye added
When applied to the H mode, there is a remarkable effect that the saturation voltage, which was conventionally 10 V or more, is reduced to about 5 V. Further, by using a retardation film together, it is possible to further reduce the coloring of the display and to improve the viewing angle.

[0039]

According to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the elongation elastic constant K ₁₁ (N) of the liquid crystal, the distance d (m) between the transparent substrates, and the anchoring energy C (J) between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal are obtained. /
The brightness and contrast of the liquid crystal display can be improved by adjusting λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / (d · C) defined from m ² ) so that 0.04 ≦ λ ≦ 0.5. There is an effect that the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device is reduced and the multiplex driving is performed.

Further, by reducing the anchoring energy between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal and the retardation Δn × d defined by the product of the birefringence Δn of the liquid crystal and the cell thickness d of the liquid crystal cell, the brightness is increased. In addition, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having high contrast, little coloring of display, and excellent viewing angle characteristics.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device under a driving voltage applied state according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a voltage-transmittance curve diagram of the liquid crystal display device in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

FIG. 5 is a relationship diagram of each axis of a liquid crystal display device in Examples 4 to 10 of the present invention and Comparative Example 5.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating voltage transmittance characteristics of liquid crystal display devices according to Examples 4 and 5 of the present invention and Comparative Example 5.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a surface state of an alignment film used in a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal display device in a driving voltage applied state.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 upper polarizing plate 2 liquid crystal cell 3 lower polarizing plate 4 upper substrate of liquid crystal cell 5 lower substrate of liquid crystal cell 6 transparent electrode 7 alignment film 8 liquid crystal 9 chemical layer 10 power supply 11 ... Polarization axis direction of upper polarizer 1 12 ... Liquid crystal orientation direction of upper substrate 4 of liquid crystal cell 13 ... Liquid crystal orientation direction of lower substrate 5 of liquid crystal cell 14 ... Polarization axis direction of lower polarizer 5 21 ... 12 The angle formed by 22 ... The torsion angle of the liquid crystal 8 23 ... The angle formed by 13 to 31 31 ... The voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 4 and the case where the anchoring energy is 3 × 10 ^-3 J / m ² 32 .. When the voltage transmittance curve and the anchoring energy of the liquid crystal display device in Example 5 are 9 × 10 ⁻⁵ J / m ² 33... The voltage transmittance curve and the anchoring energy of the liquid crystal display device in Example 4 are for ² × 10 ^-5 J / m 2 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Isocontrast curve of contrast ratio 1: 1 42 ... Isocontrast curve of contrast ratio 1: 3 43 ... Isocontrast curve of contrast ratio 1:10 44 ... Isocontrast curve of contrast ratio 1:30 51 ... Implementation of this invention Voltage of liquid crystal display device in Example 1
Transmittance curve 52—voltage of liquid crystal display device in Example 2 of the present invention—
Transmittance curve 53—voltage of liquid crystal display device in Example 3 of the present invention—
Transmittance curve 54—voltage of liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention—
Transmittance curve 55—voltage of liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention—
Transmittance curve 56—voltage of liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention—
Transmittance curve 57—voltage of liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention—
Transmittance curve

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-8 (JP, A) JP-A-1-252939 (JP, A) JP-A-3-25523 (JP, A) JP-A-1-189628 (JP) JP-A-4-234018 (JP, A) JP-A-3-6530 (JP, A) JP-A-58-209717 (JP, A) JP-A-63-293527 (JP, A) JP-A-63-293527 62-223725 (JP, A) JP-A-62-178215 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/13-1/141

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pair of opposing transparent substrates each having a transparent electrode and at least one alignment layer disposed on an inner surface thereof, a liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of transparent substrates with a twist, and the pair of transparent substrates. And a polarizing plate disposed outside the liquid crystal display, a stretch elastic constant K ₁₁ (N) of the liquid crystal, a distance d (m) between the transparent substrates, and a distance between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal. Λ≡ (π · K ₁₁ ) / defined from the anchoring energy C (J / m ² ) between
(D · C) is in the range of 0.04 ≦ λ ≦ 0.5. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a chemical substance layer is provided between said alignment layer and said liquid crystal. 3. An elongation elastic constant K _{11 of the} liquid crystal is 1.0.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a value of 5 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N or less. 4. The liquid crystal has a flexural elastic constant K ₃₃ of 1.2.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a value of 5 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N or less. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the anchoring energy is 1 ×
^2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a ^{density of} 10 ^-4 J / m ² or less. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein a product Δn × d of a birefringence Δn of the nematic liquid crystal and a cell thickness d of the liquid crystal cell is 0.6 μm or less.