JP3369922B2 - Electric car - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric vehicle that transmits a driving force from an electric motor or the like and travels by using the driving force as a driving source.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electric vehicle of this type has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-5.
As described in Japanese Patent No. 8568 (B62M23 / 02),
The wheel hub axle is equipped with a drive unit consisting of a rotating side casing and a fixed side casing, the drive unit has a built-in electric motor, speed reduction mechanism, and transmission, and the axle is equipped with a brake mechanism in parallel with the transmission to drive it. It is known that the casing is covered with a casing and arranged near the casing.

However, with such a structure, the fixed side casing and the rotating side casing form an electric motor,
Since the control board and the brake are hermetically sealed, the heat dissipation is deteriorated, and there is a problem that the electronic parts and the electric motor are damaged due to the high temperature.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle which has good heat dissipation and which can be safely driven with a simple structure.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a wheel hub axle.
It is an electric vehicle that has a drive unit that is installed in the
The drive unit is fixed to the frame by a fixed casing.
And the rotating-side case that rotates the wheels coaxially and drives the wheels.
And a wheel inside the fixed side casing.
Is formed on the fixed side casing and an electric motor that drives
The rotating rod case is operated by operating the operating rod that passes through the opening.
A brake mechanism for braking the rotation of the housing,
The brake mechanism has an arm formed integrally with
The fitting hole formed in the fixed side casing at the tip of the
An extension part that is inserted through and fitted to the extension part.
The brake wire for operating the operating rod was fixed.
It is characterized by

Therefore, the air from the outside of the drive unit can be taken in through the opening, so that the brake mechanism and the electric motor can be cooled. And when operating the brake mechanism
Can be braked by operating the operating rod from outside the drive unit.
And the cooling air is taken from the opening.
You can put it in. That is, the opening for cooling is used.
The operating rod of the brake mechanism to the outside of the drive unit using
And the appearance is improved. Also, when braking is applied,
The rake mechanism tries to rotate with the rotation of the wheels,
This force is absorbed by the mating parts and braked
It is fixed as a detent for the brake mechanism. Immediately
Since the braking is surely performed, the safety is improved. Change
, By fixing the brake wire to the extension,
Omitting the member for fixing the brake wire
It is possible to fix the wire also as a rotation stop for the brake mechanism
can do.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the opening is open downward.

Therefore, rainwater attached to the drive unit does not enter the opening and falls downward, so that it is possible to prevent water droplets from entering the drive unit due to rain, and to prevent internal parts such as the brake mechanism from rusting. It can prevent and protect electronic parts from water.

[0009]

[0010]

[0011]

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking a drive unit of an electrically assisted bicycle with auxiliary power as an example.

First, the structure of the entire electrically assisted bicycle will be described with reference to FIG.

1 is a head pipe 2 provided at the front part,
A main frame that is connected to a seat tube 4 provided below the saddle 3 and a pedal 5 that can be rotated by human power is attached to a portion where the main frame 1 and the seat tube 4 are connected.

Reference numeral 6 is a front wheel which is interlocked with the movement of the handle 7 and whose traveling direction is determined by the operation of the handle 7. The front wheel 6 comprises a spoke 8, a rim 9 and a tire 10.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a rear wheel which is a driving wheel, and the rear wheel 11
The tire 12 includes a tire 12, a rim 13, a spoke 14, and a drive unit 15 for driving the rear wheel 11.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a front sprocket that rotates with the rotation of the pedal 5, and the front sprocket 16 has a chain.
17 hangs the rotation of the front sprocket 16 to the drive unit.
Power is transmitted to a rear sprocket 41, which will be described later, provided on 15 axles 18.

A battery 19 serves as a power source for an electric motor 56, which will be described later, and contains a 24-volt NiCd battery.
Further, the battery 19 is removable and can be charged indoors when charging. Reference numeral 20 is a mounting table mounted so as to surround the main frame 1 and on which the battery 19 is mounted.

Reference numeral 21 is a front basket, and 22 is a stand for supporting the bicycle when the bicycle is parked.

Reference numeral 23 is a brake lever attached to the handle 7, and the brake lever 23 is provided with a brake wire 24 for operating a roller brake 69 which will be described later. You can apply braking force by pulling 24.

The drive unit 15 described above will be described with reference to FIG.

Reference numeral 30 denotes a disk-shaped stationary casing fixedly attached to the main frame 1, and 31 is a rotating casing coaxial with the stationary casing 30 and rotating outside the stationary casing 30. The stationary side casing 30 and the rotating side casing 31 are combined to form a hub for the rear wheel 11. A frame body 33 having two annular ribs 32 is provided on the outer circumference of the rotating casing 31. From the annular rib 32 of the frame body 33, a plurality of spokes are attached to a rim 13 to which the tire 12 is attached. 14 are stretched. Further, a step portion 34 that is lower inward than the surface of the fixed side casing 30 is formed in a part of the fixed side casing 30 below the axle 18, and a part of the stepped surface of the step portion 34 is formed. An opening 35 is formed by cutting out the stationary casing 30, and the opening 35 opens toward the ground. Furthermore, fixed side casing
In the vicinity of the axle 18 of 30, a thick portion 36 having a thicker wall pressure is formed, and a portion to which the nut 37 is attached and a concave portion 38 around it are formed.
The recess 38 is formed such that when the nut 37 is tightened, the surface of the fixed side casing 30 and the top surface of the nut 37 are substantially flush with each other, or the top surface of the nut 37 is slightly lower. The main frame 1 is fixed to the periphery of the recess 38 of the fixed casing 30 by a nut 39, and the main frame 1 and a portion of the fixed casing 30 with increased wall pressure are brought into contact with each other to be firm. Can be fixed to. Furthermore, the surface of the fixed casing 30 and the nut
Since the top surface of 37 is flush with the main frame 1, the fixed side casing 30 and the nut 37 abut and fasten when the main frame 1 is attached, so that the main frame 1 is more firmly fixed. Also,
When the electric motor 56, which will be described later, rotates, power is transmitted by the belt 68, so when the electric motor 56 is driven, the rotation shaft of the electric motor 56.
The tip of 57 causes a force to bend in the direction of the axle 18, which causes the phenomenon that the electric motor 56 side of the fixed side casing 30 bends, but increases the wall pressure of the fixed side casing 30 around the axle 18,
Since the portion and the main frame 1 are in contact with each other, the bending can be eliminated.

Reference numeral 40 denotes a hub-internal transmission provided on the axle 18, and the transmission 40 is joined to the rear sprocket 41 via a ratchet (not shown). That is, the ratchet allows the human power from the chain 17 to be applied in only one direction, and the driving force is cut off when a force is applied in the reverse rotation direction. A disc-shaped collar 42 is provided at one end near the rear sprocket 41 of the transmission 40, and rotates with the rotation of the transmission 40. In the drawing,
The cross section of the inside of the transmission 40 is omitted. The transmission 40
The human power applied to the rear sprocket 41 is once transmitted to the transmission 40, and the gears in the transmission 40 are changed to change gears to rotate the outer case of the transmission 40. That is, the rotation of the collar 42 rotates at the number of rotations after shifting.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a torque sensor provided on the outer periphery of the transmission 40. The torque sensor 43 detects the torque of the manual torque after shifting.

A specific structure of the torque sensor 43 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Reference numeral 44 is connected to the collar 42, and
Two pins 42 are provided at positions facing each other with respect to the axle 18, and the pins 44 rotate as the collar 42 rotates.

Reference numeral 45 denotes two bearings fitted to the outer periphery of the transmission 40, and a second pulley 46 is provided on the outer periphery of the bearing 45 at a predetermined distance from the outer periphery of the transmission 40. There is. The second pulley 46 is formed of a tubular portion having a small diameter surrounding the outer periphery of the transmission 40 and a portion to which a belt 68 having a large diameter and continuous with the power transmission belt is wound from a part of the portion. . The second pulley 46 is attached to the axle 18
The slanted portion 47 having a slanted tip at a position opposed to
Is formed, and there are two notches 48 through which the pins 44 provided on the collar 42 extending from the transmission 40 are inserted in the other portions. The size of the notch 48 is The size is set to be slightly larger than the contraction amount of the spring 49 described later. The second pulley 46 is fixed to the rotating side casing 31 and rotates with the rotation of the rotating side casing 31.

Reference numeral 49 is a spring provided between the pin 44 and the second pulley 46, and the human power pushes the second pulley 46 from the pin 44 via the spring 49, so that the second pulley 46 is moved. It can rotate.

Reference numeral 50 denotes a sliding cylinder to which an aluminum ring 51 is attached and which slides on the outer periphery of the small diameter portion of the second pulley 46. The sliding cylinder 50 is in its original position when sliding. A spring 52 is fixed to one end of the second pulley 46 so as to return to. Further, a protrusion 53 is formed on a portion of the sliding cylinder 50 that is in contact with the inclined portion 47, and the protrusion 53 is inclined by an amount corresponding to the contraction amount of the spring 49 that contracts when the second pulley 46 is pressed.
47 The surface of the sliding cylinder 50 is moved, that is, the sliding cylinder 50 moves in the direction of the axle 18 by the amount of the rotational deviation of the second pulley 46 from the sliding cylinder 50. At this time, the tip of the pin 44 provided on the collar 42 is inserted into the hole 54 formed in the sliding cylinder 50, and the sliding cylinder 50 is also rotated by the rotation of the flange 42, and the axle 49 is contracted by the contraction of the spring 49. Since the sliding cylinder 50 moves in 18 directions, it will move in a spiral shape when human power is applied. When the sliding cylinder 50 slides, the pin
The sliding cylinder 50 moves with the small diameter portions of the 44 and the second pulley 46 as guides.

Reference numeral 55 denotes a coil having a diameter slightly larger than the ring 51 provided on the outer periphery of the sliding cylinder 50, and the coil 55 is provided in the vicinity of the ring 51 of the fixed side casing 30 where the ring 51 slides. The coil 55 is provided and can convert a change in inductance due to the movement of the ring 51 into an electric signal. That is, human torque can be converted into a change in electric signal.

Reference numeral 56 denotes an electric motor which is provided in the fixed casing 30 and serves as auxiliary power for the vehicle. The electric motor 56 is driven based on an output signal from a control board 80 which will be described later, and a rotor 58 having a rotating shaft 57, It is composed of a stator 59 provided around it.

Reference numeral 60 denotes a planetary roller speed reduction mechanism that is connected to the rotary shaft 57 and reduces the rotation of the electric motor 56. The planetary roller speed reduction mechanism 60 is rotatably provided around a pin 61 protruding and fixed from the electric motor 56. A plurality of rollers 62 connected to the rotating shaft 57 of the electric motor 56 and rotated by the rotation of the rotating shaft 57; and a rotating cylinder 63 connected to the outer periphery of the plurality of rollers 62 and rotated by the rotation of the rollers 62, It is composed of an output shaft 64 integrally formed with the rotary cylinder 63. Further, 65 is the output shaft
It is a lid of a planetary roller speed reduction mechanism 60 fixed to the electric motor 56 via 64 and a bearing 66. Further, the planetary roller reduction mechanism 60 has a built-in one-way clutch function.

Reference numeral 67 denotes a first pulley fixed to the output shaft 64 of the planetary roller speed reduction mechanism 60. The first pulley 67 has a belt 68 extending from the second pulley 46 to the electric motor 56. The driving force from the second pulley 46
It is designed to be decelerated and transmitted.

Reference numeral 69 denotes a brake mechanism, that is, a roller brake, which is provided so as to be in close contact with the fixed casing 30 and brakes the rotation of the outer periphery of the transmission 40.
When the brake lever 23 provided on the handlebar 7 is operated, the brake wire 70 pulls the brake wire 24 to move a brake shoe (not shown) to the outside, and the brake rotor 70 meshes with the transmission 40 to rotate. And the brake shoe are in contact with each other, the rotating side casing 3
1, that is, the rear wheel 11 can be braked. Further, the roller brake 69 is integrally formed with an arm 71 for fixing the roller brake 69, and a tip of the arm 71 is bent into an L shape and a hole is formed. And
An extension 71a is formed at the tip of the arm 71 so as to pass through the fitting hole 72 formed in the fixed casing 30, and the hole is projected to the outside of the fixed casing 30. In this embodiment, the tip of the extended portion 71a is inserted into the fitting hole 72 and the brake wire 24 is attached. However, in the case of achieving only the effect of preventing the roller brake 69 from rotating, the tip of the extended portion 71a is formed. It suffices to fit the inside of the fixed side casing 30 without inserting it.

Reference numeral 73 denotes an operating rod extending from the roller brake 69 for operating the roller brake 69. The operating rod 73 has an opening 35 formed in the fixed casing 30.
And is exposed to the outside of the fixed side casing 30. When the roller brake 69 is operated, the roller brake 69 moves in an arc around the center.

Reference numeral 74 denotes a connecting rod which is attached to the tip of the operating rod 73 and rotates about the tip of the operating rod 74 as a fulcrum.
The wire 24 attached to the brake lever 23 is attached to the 74, and the wire 24 is pulled by operating the brake lever 23, and the roller brake 69 is activated by operating the operating rod 73 to apply braking. Can be done.

Reference numeral 75 is a tension pulley for keeping the tension of the belt 68 connecting the first pulley 67 and the second pulley 46 constant, and the tension pulley 75 is L
The character arm 76 is provided with a rotatable roller 77 at one end and a spring 78 at the other end, and is rotatably fixed to the stationary casing 30 at the center. That is, when the belt 68 is loosened, the belt 68 can be pressed by the urging force of the spring 78 provided at the other end of the arm 76, and the belt 68 is always kept with a constant force.
I am trying to put up.

A resin cover 79 covers the electric motor 56 and is press-fitted into the stationary casing 30.

Reference numeral 80 denotes a control board for driving the electric motor 56 provided in the fixed casing 30, and as shown in FIG. 6, a frame 81 formed inside the fixed casing 30.
It is stored in.

Next, the operation of the torque sensor 43 for detecting the human driving force applied to the pedal 5 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

The human driving force applied when the pedal 5 is depressed is input to the rear sprocket 41 via the chain 17,
After the speed is changed by the transmission 40, it is transmitted to the pin 44 through the collar 42, and the pin 44 causes the spring 49 to contract. At this time, the sliding cylinder 50 connected to the pin 44 rotates by the same amount as the contraction amount of the spring 49, and the projection 53 moves the inclined portion 47, so that the ring 51 moves in the direction of the axle 18. This moving amount changes the inductance of the coil 55, and it can be converted into an electric signal and taken out. The flexure of the spring 49 is such that the flexure of the second pulley 46 is equal to the flexure.
Delay and rotate. That is, the transmission 40 and the second pulley
There will be a gap with 46 and it will rotate.

Next, the specific operation of the torque sensor 43 will be described. When the collar 42 rotates in the direction of the arrow, the spring 49 bends and the sliding cylinder 50 moves leftward in FIG. As a result, the protrusion 53 moves on the inclined portion 47, and the sliding cylinder 50 moves downward in FIG. 3, that is, in the direction of the axle 18. Further, when the human-powered driving force disappears, the spring 49 returns to its original position due to the restoring force of the spring, so that the pin 44 returns to its original position and the inclined portion
The protrusion 53 that is in contact with 47 returns to the original position along the inclined portion 47 due to the restoring force of the spring 52. As a result, the ring 51 moves inside the coil 55 depending on the magnitude of the human-powered driving force,
By changing the inductance of coil 55,
The magnitude of the human-powered driving force can be detected by the change in the inductance of the coil 55.

As a result, the human-powered driving force is transmitted to the torque sensor 43.
It is possible to drive the electric motor 56 with the output based on the detection by inputting the electric signal to the control board 80 as an electric signal, and the output of the electric motor 56 can be operated as an auxiliary of the human driving force.

In this embodiment, the ratio is set to 1: 1 so that the user's biking power can be halved.

Next, the operation of the roller brake 69 will be described.

The opening portion 35 of the fixed casing 30 is open toward the ground, and air from the outside enters from this portion. Therefore, the roller brake 69 provided near the opening portion 35.
Can be cooled. Further, this air also cools the space surrounded by the rotating side casing 31 and the stationary side casing 30, so that the electric motor 56 and the control board 80 can also be cooled.

The roller brake 69 and the fixed side casing 30 are in close contact with each other, and the heat generated by braking is conducted to the fixed side casing 30 and radiated from the fixed side casing 30 as a whole.

Further, since the opening 35 is opened downward toward the ground, rainwater that drops from the top of the stationary casing 30 does not enter the inside of the opening 35.

Further, an operating rod 73 for operating the roller brake 69 by utilizing the opening 35 is provided, and the drive unit
15 By installing the roller brake 69 inside, the appearance will be improved, and even if the roller brake 69 is installed inside the drive unit 15, the operating rod 73 will be outside the drive unit 15, so the configuration will be simple. You can

When the roller brake 69 is operated,
The roller brake 69 itself tries to rotate in the rotation direction of the rear wheel 11 around the axle 18, but when the roller brake 69 is operated because the extended portion 71a of the arm 71 is fitted in the fitting hole 72. It also prevents the roller brake 69 from rotating.

Further, this arm 71 not only serves as a detent, but also a brake wire for operating the roller brake 69.
Since it fixes 24, it is also used to fix the brake wire 24.

In this embodiment, the roller brake 69 is used as the brake mechanism, but a band brake or the like may be used.

[0058]

According to the present invention, since the opening is formed in the vicinity of the brake mechanism of the drive unit, air can be taken in from the outside of the drive unit through the opening, and the brake mechanism and the electric motor can be cooled.

Further, since the opening is opened downward, rainwater adhering to the drive unit does not enter the opening and falls downward, so that it is possible to prevent water droplets from entering the drive unit due to rain. , Brake mechanism and other internal parts can be protected from rust, and electronic parts can be protected from water.

Further, since an operating rod for operating the brake mechanism is provided and the operating rod is fitted and inserted from the opening to the outside of the drive unit, when operating the brake mechanism, the operating rod is attached from outside the drive unit. It can be braked by operation, and air for cooling can be taken in from the opening. That is, the operating rod of the brake mechanism can be taken out of the drive unit by utilizing the opening for cooling, and the appearance is improved.

[0061] Then, over the arm, which is formed on the brake mechanism, and a formed in the fixed side casing fitting hole, since the extended portion of the arm is fitted by inserting the fitting hole, the braking the brake mechanism to rotate together with the rotation of the wheel when the, this force is absorbed by the part content to be fitted and secured a detent brake mechanism when the brake is applied. That is, since braking is reliably performed, safety is improved.

[0062] Further, the arm passes through the fitting hole to form extended portion which is extended to drive outsiders, the extended portion so fixing the brake wire for operating the brake mechanism to secure the brake wire The member for this purpose can be omitted, and the wire can be fixed while also serving as a detent for the brake mechanism.

[0063]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a drive unit showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the torque sensor.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the torque sensor.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fixed casing.

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the drive unit . Brake wire 2
4. The extended portion 71a of the brake mechanism is omitted.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a fixed casing as viewed from the side of the rotary casing when the rotary casing of the drive unit is removed. Further, in this figure, the electric motor 56 is the uppermost part.
It is drawn to be located in.

FIG. 7 is a power system diagram of the same.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing the configuration of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Rear wheel 15 Drive 56 electric motor 69 Roller brake (brake mechanism) 35 opening 73 Operation rod 71 arm 72 Mating hole (Mating part) 71a Extension part 24 brake wire

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B62M 23/02 F16D 65/78

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electric vehicle having a drive unit that is provided on a hub axle of a wheel and drives the wheel , wherein the drive unit is fixed to a frame.
And the rotating case that rotates coaxially with this and drives the wheels.
Comprises a ring, the said fixed side casing, to drive the wheel motor
Machine and the opening formed in the fixed side casing
Rotation of the rotating side casing by operating the operating rod
And a brake mechanism for braking, wherein the brake mechanism has an arm integrally formed,
At the tip of the arm, the fitting formed on the fixed side casing
A brake for operating the operating rod is provided with an extending portion that is fitted through the dowel hole.
An electric vehicle characterized by fixing wires . 2. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the opening is opened downward.