JP3370866B2 - Power generation method using waste pyrolysis gas - Google Patents
Power generation method using waste pyrolysis gasInfo
- Publication number
- JP3370866B2 JP3370866B2 JP29356796A JP29356796A JP3370866B2 JP 3370866 B2 JP3370866 B2 JP 3370866B2 JP 29356796 A JP29356796 A JP 29356796A JP 29356796 A JP29356796 A JP 29356796A JP 3370866 B2 JP3370866 B2 JP 3370866B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pyrolysis
- gas
- furnace
- waste
- power generation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、都市ごみ、下水汚
泥等の廃棄物を原料として発電を行うことができる廃棄
物の熱分解ガスによる発電方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】都市ごみ、下水汚泥等の廃棄物の処理
は、現在のところ焼却処理が主流となっているが、最近
では次世代の廃棄物の処理法として、熱分解溶融処理法
が注目されている。この熱分解溶融処理法は、廃棄物を
低空気比の熱分解炉で可燃性の熱分解ガスと熱分解残査
とに熱分解し、熱分解ガスを旋回式溶融炉で燃焼させ、
その熱で熱分解残査を溶融させスラグ化する方法であ
る。そして旋回式溶融炉から排出される高温の排ガスは
廃熱ボイラ等でエネルギを回収され、蒸気タービン発電
等を行う。この方法によれば廃棄物を溶融処理しつつ発
電を行うことができる利点がある。
【０００３】ところが一般にタービンの効率は、蒸気の
温度及び流量の増加につれて向上する傾向を持つ。この
ため大規模のごみ処理場では上記の方法によって効率良
く発電を行うことができるが、一日のごみ処理量が100
トン以下の中小規模のごみ処理場では十分な温度及び流
量の蒸気が得られず、発電効率が低下するという問題が
あった。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記した従来
の問題点を解決し、中小規模のごみ処理場でも効率よく
発電を行うことができる廃棄物の熱分解ガスによる発電
方法を提供するためになされたものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めになされた本発明は、廃棄物を熱分解炉に投入してチ
ャーやカーボン分を含有する熱分解ガスを発生させ、こ
の熱分解ガスを高温のままセラミックフィルタに通して
チャーやカーボン分を除去したうえ、６００〜１０００
℃に保持された改質炉で硫黄分および塩素分を除去して
酸性ガス成分の少ないガスに改質し、得られた改質ガス
を集塵機に通してダストを除去し、燃料電池に供給して
発電するとともに、前記改質炉を前記温度に保持し、前
記熱分解ガスの前記改質のための熱源として前記熱分解
炉から取り出された可燃性熱分解残渣を利用することを
特徴とするものである。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】以下に本発明の好ましい実施の形
態を、図１を参照しつつ説明する。図１において、１は
熱分解炉である。この熱分解炉は投入された都市ごみを
空気比ｍが0.2 〜0.3 程度の還元性雰囲気中で数100 ℃
に加熱し、熱分解ガスと熱分解残査とに熱分解するため
の炉である。この炉の形式は特に限定されるものではな
く、ロータリーキルン等を用いることもできるが、図１
では容積当たりの処理量の大きい流動炉が用いられてい
る。熱分解ガスは熱分解炉１の上部から取り出され、熱
分解残査は熱分解炉１の下部から流動媒体とともに取り
出される。熱分解残査中のメタル分は磁選機６により分
離される。
【０００７】熱分解ガスには多量のチャーやカーボンが
含有されているため、高温のままセラミックフィルタ２
に通してチャーやカーボン分等の固体粒子を除去したう
え、改質炉３に送られる。もしカーボン分が含まれたま
まで熱分解ガスを改質炉３で改質する場合には改質効率
が悪くなり、酸性ガス除去率が下がる。一般に燃料電池
の燃料中に酸性ガス、CO2 ガス等が含まれることは好ま
しくない。従って、本発明においてはセラミックフィル
タ２でチャーやカーボン分を除去することが重要であ
る。
【０００８】改質炉３は600 〜1000℃に保持され、熱分
解ガスを酸性ガス成分の少ないガスに改質する。ここで
改質とは、ガス中から硫黄分や塩素分を除去するととも
に、CH4 やC2H4の含有率が高まるようガス成分の調整を
行うことを意味する。なお、本発明においては数100 ℃
の高温で使用できるセラミックフィルタ２を用い、熱分
解炉１で発生した高温の熱分解ガスを高温のまま処理す
るので、熱損失を防止できる。
【０００９】改質炉３において得られた改質ガスは、セ
ラミックフィルタやサイクロン等の集塵機４に通してダ
ストを除去した後、燃料電池５に供給される。改質炉３
として流動床タイプのものを用いた場合には集塵機４を
設ける事が好ましいが、固定床タイプのものを用いた場
合には集塵機４を省略してもよい。燃料電池５は燃料を
正極活物質とし、酸素（空気）を負極活物質として供給
し、燃料を電気化学的に連続的に反応させることによっ
て直接電気エネルギを取り出すことができる電池であ
る。本発明においては、陽イオン交換膜型燃料電池、ア
ルカリ水溶液電解質型燃料電池、リン酸水溶液電解質型
燃料電池、溶融炭酸塩電解質型燃料電池、固体酸化物電
解質型燃料電池等の各種の燃料電池を用いることができ
る。特に陽イオン交換膜型燃料電池、アルカリ水溶液電
解質型燃料電池、リン酸水溶液電解質型燃料電池では燃
料中にCO2 や酸性ガス成分が含まれると燃料電池の性能
が低下するが、本発明ではセラミックフィルタ２により
チャーやカーボン分が除去された熱分解ガスをさらに改
質してCO分の少ない燃料として用いるため、これらの燃
料電池を用いても支障はない。燃料電池による発電は通
常の発電のように機械的エネルギーへの変換を必要とし
ないので、エネルギーの損失が少なく高い発電効率が得
られる利点がある。燃料電池による発電はタービン発電
とは異なり燃料の供給量による発電効率の変化が少ない
ので、一日のごみ処理量が100 トン以下の中小規模のご
み処理場でも高い発電効率が得られる。また余剰のガス
を飛灰・焼却灰の溶融用の燃料に用いてもよい。
【００１０】なお、熱分解炉１から取り出された熱分解
残査は可燃性のものであるため、燃料として利用できる
ほか、活性炭の原料として用いることもできる。また熱
分解残査を燃焼させた熱を、本発明のように、改質炉３
を高温に保つためのエネルギとして利用することができ
る。次に本発明の実施例を示す。
【００１１】
【実施例】水分40.6％、可燃分37.2％、灰分7.4 ％ (可
燃分組成はＣ：55.4％、Ｈ：7.4 ％、Ｏ：37.2％) の都
市ごみを、1000kg/hの割合で熱分解炉に投入し、熱分解
した。熱分解炉に供給される燃焼空気量は341Nm3/hであ
り、熱分解炉の内部温度は600 ℃で空気比ｍは0.27であ
る。この結果、1103kcal/Nm3の発熱量の熱分解ガスが13
10Nm3/h の割合で発生した。この熱分解ガスをセラミッ
クフィルタに通してチャーやカーボン分を除去したう
え、838 ℃の改質炉で改質した。この結果、746kcal/Nm
3 の高カロリーの改質ガスが1937Nm3/h の割合で得られ
たので、燃料電池に供給して発電を行ったところ、120k
W の電力が得られた。
【００１２】
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明の廃棄物
の熱分解ガスによる発電方法によれば、一日のごみ処理
量が100 トン以下の中小規模のごみ処理場でも、廃棄物
を溶融処理すると同時に燃料電池を用いて高い発電効率
の発電を行うことができる利点がある。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for generating electricity from waste pyrolysis gas, which can generate electricity from waste such as municipal solid waste and sewage sludge as a raw material. It is. 2. Description of the Related Art At present, incineration treatment is mainly used for treating waste such as municipal solid waste and sewage sludge, but recently, as a next-generation waste treatment method, pyrolysis melting treatment has been adopted. The law is drawing attention. In this pyrolysis melting treatment method, waste is pyrolyzed into flammable pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue in a pyrolysis furnace with a low air ratio, and the pyrolysis gas is burned in a rotary melting furnace.
In this method, the thermal decomposition residue is melted by the heat to form slag. The high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the rotary melting furnace is recovered in energy by a waste heat boiler or the like, and performs steam turbine power generation and the like. According to this method, there is an advantage that power can be generated while the waste is melted. However, in general, the efficiency of a turbine tends to increase as the temperature and flow rate of steam increase. Therefore, in a large-scale waste treatment plant, power can be efficiently generated by the above method, but the daily waste treatment
In small and medium-sized waste treatment plants of less than ton, there is a problem that steam with sufficient temperature and flow rate cannot be obtained and power generation efficiency is reduced. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and provides a method for generating electricity from waste pyrolysis gas, which can efficiently generate electric power even in a small or medium-sized waste treatment plant. It was made to provide. [0005] The present invention the above object, according to an aspect of has been made to solve is to put waste into the pyrolysis furnace Ji
A pyrolysis gas containing char and carbon is generated, and the pyrolysis gas is passed through a ceramic filter at a high temperature to remove char and carbon.
The sulfur and chlorine components were removed in a reforming furnace maintained at ℃ to reform the gas into a gas with less acidic gas components.The resulting reformed gas was passed through a dust collector to remove dust, and supplied to the fuel cell. While the reforming furnace is maintained at the temperature,
The present invention is characterized in that a combustible pyrolysis residue taken out of the pyrolysis furnace is used as a heat source for the reforming of the pyrolysis gas . A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a pyrolysis furnace. This pyrolysis furnace converts the input municipal waste into a reducing atmosphere having an air ratio m of about 0.2 to 0.3 at several hundred degrees centigrade.
This is a furnace for heating to pyrolysis gas and pyrolyzing it into pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue. The type of the furnace is not particularly limited, and a rotary kiln or the like can be used.
Uses a fluidized-bed furnace with a large throughput per volume. The pyrolysis gas is taken out from the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and the pyrolysis residue is taken out from the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 1 together with the fluidized medium. The metal component in the pyrolysis residue is separated by the magnetic separator 6. Since the pyrolysis gas contains a large amount of char and carbon, the ceramic filter 2 is kept at a high temperature.
To remove solid particles such as char and carbon, and then sent to the reforming furnace 3. If the pyrolysis gas is reformed in the reforming furnace 3 while the carbon content is still contained, the reforming efficiency is deteriorated and the acid gas removal rate is reduced. Generally, it is not preferable that the fuel of the fuel cell contains an acidic gas, a CO 2 gas, or the like. Therefore, in the present invention, it is important to remove the char and carbon components by the ceramic filter 2. [0008] The reforming furnace 3 is maintained at 600 to 1000 ° C, and reforms the pyrolysis gas into a gas having a low acid gas component. Here, “reforming” means removing sulfur and chlorine from the gas and adjusting gas components so as to increase the content of CH 4 and C 2 H 4 . In the present invention, several hundred degrees centigrade
Since the high-temperature pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 1 is processed at a high temperature using the ceramic filter 2 that can be used at a high temperature, heat loss can be prevented. The reformed gas obtained in the reforming furnace 3 is passed through a dust collector 4 such as a ceramic filter or a cyclone to remove dust, and then supplied to a fuel cell 5. Reforming furnace 3
When a fluidized bed type is used, the dust collector 4 is preferably provided, but when a fixed bed type is used, the dust collector 4 may be omitted. The fuel cell 5 is a battery that can directly extract electric energy by supplying fuel as a positive electrode active material and oxygen (air) as a negative electrode active material, and continuously reacting the fuel electrochemically. In the present invention, various fuel cells such as a cation exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline aqueous electrolyte fuel cell, a phosphoric acid aqueous electrolyte fuel cell, a molten carbonate electrolyte fuel cell, and a solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell are used. Can be used. In particular cation-exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline aqueous solution electrolyte fuel cell, but when the phosphoric acid aqueous electrolyte fuel cell includes CO 2 and acid gas components in the fuel performance of the fuel cell decreases, the ceramic in the present invention Since the pyrolysis gas from which the char and carbon components have been removed by the filter 2 is further reformed and used as a fuel with a low CO content, there is no problem even if these fuel cells are used. Since power generation by a fuel cell does not require conversion into mechanical energy unlike ordinary power generation, there is an advantage that energy loss is small and high power generation efficiency can be obtained. Unlike turbine power generation, fuel cell power generation has a small change in power generation efficiency depending on the amount of fuel supplied, so high power generation efficiency can be obtained even in small and medium-sized landfills with daily waste disposal of 100 tons or less. Excess gas may be used as fuel for melting fly ash and incinerated ash. Since the pyrolysis residue taken out of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is flammable, it can be used not only as a fuel but also as a raw material for activated carbon. Further, as in the present invention , the heat generated by burning the pyrolysis residue is converted into the reforming furnace 3 as in the present invention.
Can be used as energy to keep high temperature
You. Next, examples of the present invention will be described. [Example] Municipal waste of 40.6% moisture, 37.2% combustible, 7.4% ash (combustible composition: C: 55.4%, H: 7.4%, O: 37.2%) at a rate of 1000 kg / h. It was put into a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed. The amount of combustion air supplied to the pyrolysis furnace is 341 Nm 3 / h, the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is 600 ° C., and the air ratio m is 0.27. As a result, pyrolysis gas with a calorific value of 1103 kcal / Nm 3
It occurred at a rate of 10 Nm 3 / h. The pyrolysis gas was passed through a ceramic filter to remove char and carbon, and then reformed in a reforming furnace at 838 ° C. As a result, 746 kcal / Nm
3 high calorie reformed gas was obtained at a rate of 1937 Nm 3 / h.
W power was obtained. As described above, according to the power generation method using pyrolysis gas of wastes of the present invention, even a small or medium-sized waste treatment plant with a daily waste treatment amount of 100 tons or less can be used. There is an advantage that power generation with high power generation efficiency can be performed by using a fuel cell at the same time as melting the waste.
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明のフローシートである。
【符号の説明】
１ 熱分解炉、２ セラミックフィルタ、３ 改質炉、
４ 集塵機、５ 燃料電池、６ 磁選機BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 Pyrolysis furnace, 2 Ceramic filter, 3 Reforming furnace,
4 dust collector, 5 fuel cell, 6 magnetic separator
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｆ２３Ｇ 5/027 Ｆ２３Ｇ 5/46 Ｂ 5/46 Ｂ０９Ｂ 3/00 ＺＡＢＺ (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H01M 8/00 - 8/24 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 identification code FI F23G 5/027 F23G 5/46 B 5/46 B09B 3/00 ZABZ (58) Investigated field (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name ) H01M 8/00-8/24
Claims (1)
カーボン分を含有する熱分解ガスを発生させ、この熱分
解ガスを高温のままセラミックフィルタに通してチャー
やカーボン分を除去したうえ、６００〜１０００℃に保
持された改質炉で硫黄分および塩素分を除去して酸性ガ
ス成分の少ないガスに改質し、得られた改質ガスを集塵
機に通してダストを除去し、燃料電池に供給して発電す
るとともに、前記改質炉を前記温度に保持し、前記熱分
解ガスの前記改質のための熱源として前記熱分解炉から
取り出された可燃性熱分解残渣を利用することを特徴と
する廃棄物の熱分解ガスによる発電方法。(57) Claims 1. A char and waste was introduced into the pyrolysis furnace Ya
A pyrolysis gas containing a carbon component is generated, and the pyrolysis gas is passed through a ceramic filter at a high temperature to remove char and carbon components. Then, sulfur and chlorine components are removed in a reforming furnace maintained at 600 to 1000 ° C. The reformed gas is reformed into a gas having a small amount of an acidic gas component, the obtained reformed gas is passed through a dust collector to remove dust, supplied to a fuel cell to generate power, and the reforming furnace is heated to the temperature. Hold the heat
A power generation method using waste pyrolysis gas, wherein a combustible pyrolysis residue taken out of the pyrolysis furnace is used as a heat source for the reforming of the pyrolysis gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29356796A JP3370866B2 (en) | 1996-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Power generation method using waste pyrolysis gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29356796A JP3370866B2 (en) | 1996-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Power generation method using waste pyrolysis gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10144336A JPH10144336A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| JP3370866B2 true JP3370866B2 (en) | 2003-01-27 |
Family
ID=17796422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29356796A Expired - Fee Related JP3370866B2 (en) | 1996-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Power generation method using waste pyrolysis gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3370866B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1249207C (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2006-04-05 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Combustible gasification power generation system |
| JP4550385B2 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2010-09-22 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Hydrogen production apparatus and fuel cell system |
| KR20260048041A (en) * | 2024-10-02 | 2026-04-09 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | Filter device comprising electric resistance heating porous body and gas purification method using the same |
-
1996
- 1996-11-06 JP JP29356796A patent/JP3370866B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10144336A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
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