JP3370977B2 - Load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a load transmission shaft made of fiber-reinforced plastic used for transportation equipment such as automobiles, ships, aircrafts, railway vehicles and industrial equipment. [0002] A fiber reinforced plastic material (FRP) in which a resin is reinforced with carbon fiber or glass fiber has a higher specific strength and specific elastic modulus than general structural materials such as metal materials. A technique for forming a hollow pipe from a reinforced plastic material has been put to practical use. [0003] This type of fiber-reinforced plastic pipe is formed by winding a tape material in which fibers are arranged in one direction around an outer surface of a rotating mandrel by a winding device and laminating the tape material to form a pseudo woven laminate. A winding method (TW) or a filament winding method (FW) in which a roving material in which fibers are arranged in one direction is wound around an outer surface of a rotating mandrel by a winding device and laminated to form a pseudo-woven laminate, or a one-way method The sheet rolling method (SR), which forms a laminated body by winding a sheet material with fibers aligned or a woven sheet material obtained by weaving fibers in a direction orthogonal to the outer surface of a rotating mandrel using a rolling molding machine Wrap it around the outer surface of the rotating mandrel with a winding device. It is formed by a sheet winding method for forming a laminated body (SW). [0004] The above fiber-reinforced plastic pipes have high specific strength and specific elasticity as compared with metal pipes, and thus have been put to practical use in all industrial fields. Therefore, metal pipes are still used for the main structural parts. However, for a tail rotor drive shaft of a helicopter, a propeller shaft of an automobile, a truss for a large-scale truss structure, or a drive shaft for industrial equipment, the structural weight is reduced, the number of parts is reduced by integral structure, and high-speed rotation is achieved. There is a strong demand for replacing metal pipes with fiber reinforced plastic pipes from the viewpoints of reducing shaft runout, improving tensile / compression load resistance, and improving environmental characteristics. [0006] In addition, for a pipe having a length equal to or longer than the length of a metal pipe already installed, for example, a metal pipe in which two or three metal pipes are connected via a joint portion, a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe is applied. If a pipe made of a book is simply formed using existing general materials, the formed fiber-reinforced plastic pipe does not have desired characteristics. That is, a shaft rotating at a high speed, a shaft subjected to bending, or a shaft subjected to a large load in the axial direction requires a layer in which the fiber direction becomes 0 ° with respect to the axial direction as the pipe length increases. As a layer responsible for the strength of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe, the fiber direction is 0 with respect to the axial direction.
It is required to stack layers of different sizes. A fiber-reinforced plastic pipe formed by laminating a layer in which reinforcing fibers are oriented parallel to the pipe axis and a layer in which reinforcing fibers are oriented in a direction intersecting with each other in a bias direction with respect to the pipe axis is formed by: JP-A-63-254
No. 214 is known. [0009] Further, the fiber-reinforced plastic cylinder of the propeller shaft of the automobile is moved with respect to the axial direction of the cylinder.
± with respect to the first winding layer made of glass fiber or highly elastic organic fiber wound at an angle of 60 to 90 degrees and the axial direction of the cylindrical body.
Formed with the second winding layer containing carbon fiber wound at an angle of less than 60 degrees, and the first winding layer formed as the outermost layer,
This is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-41246. [0010] In the above-mentioned fiber reinforced plastic pipe, of the layers forming the fiber reinforced plastic pipe, a layer whose fiber direction is 0 degrees with respect to the axial direction is a multilayer (about 5 layers or more). ), Cracks may occur due to the thermal expansion of the mandrel during heat curing, and according to the compression impact test on the laminated flat plate, the unidirectional sheet material is 45 ° / −45 ° or 90 ° / −90
In the case of a symmetrical arrangement of degrees, peeling is likely to occur between 45 ° and −45 ° layers or between 0 ° and 90 °, and peeling or cracking is likely to occur in a multilayered layer in one direction. That is, the angle between the fibers of the overlapping layers is 0.
At a temperature of 90 degrees or 90 degrees, delamination or crack propagation is likely to occur in response to an external impact. In addition, there is a test result that the woven layer easily absorbs an external impact. In addition, it is difficult to perform a bias winding around a long mandrel, so that it cannot satisfy strict performance requirements. In the case where the fiber reinforced plastic pipe is molded, unless the fiber direction is not more than ± 15 degrees with respect to the axial direction, the cylindrical winding force of the fiber is not maintained, and the fiber comes off the mandrel and sags. I will. The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe that causes cracks in each layer and that is not easily peeled between layers due to an external impact.
An object of the present invention is to provide a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic having a light and rigid structure. A fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe formed of three layers, an inner layer, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer, and fixed to an end of the pipe. The inner layer of the pipe has carbon or glass or aramid fiber oriented at an angle of ± 45.
And a second layer in which carbon fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 75 degrees to ± 90 degrees, and the intermediate layer of the pipe has carbon fibers having an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees to ± 45 degrees.
A plurality of layers each composed of a third layer laminated at a degree and a fourth layer laminated two layers of carbon fibers at an orientation angle of 0 degree outside the third layer, and a third layer laminated outside these layers. The outer layer of the pipe is formed of a fifth layer obtained by stacking glass fibers or aramid fibers so that the warp yarns have an orientation angle of 0 degree or 90 degrees and a sixth layer obtained by stacking glass fibers at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees. And a layer. According to the fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft of the present invention, the inner layer of the fiber-reinforced plastic hollow pipe is laminated to resist external impact, torsion, expansion and contraction, and the intermediate layer is increased in strength and rigidity. In addition, the laminated layer is resistant to delamination against external shocks, and the outer layer is laminated to resist external impacts, improving shaft bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, and torsional strength, resulting in compression buckling and torsional buckling. Resistant to deformation, delamination and cracking due to expansion and contraction, resistant to external impact, and very light and solid. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a joint structure of a load transmitting shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic according to the present invention. This joint structure 1 is a joint member 3 having a truncated conical cylindrical portion 2.
And an insert ring 4 with a flange, which is provided on the frusto-conical cylindrical portion 2. The insert ring 4 is of a split type or a slit type, and a split type or a slit type insert ring is selected as necessary. The outer surface 4a of the insert ring 4 is set to a size corresponding to the inner surface 5a of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 to be fitted. The outer surface 2a of the truncated conical cylindrical portion 2 of the joint member 3 is a tapered surface having an angle of 45 degrees or less, and the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 fitted to the truncated conical cylindrical portion 2 is formed as described above. The tapered surface corresponds to the tapered surface 2a of the truncated conical cylindrical portion 2. A bolt is screwed into a screw hole 7 provided in the base 6 of the joint member 3. On the other hand, the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4
As shown in FIG. 2, a glass fiber filament 8 is wound around the outer surface 4a at intervals in the circumferential direction. The thickness of the glass fiber filament 8 is selected so as to secure a predetermined thickness of the adhesive layer applied to the inner surface and the outer surface of the insert ring 4. That is, the adhesive layer thus formed secures a predetermined thickness after the adhesive is cured. In order to manufacture the load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic, first, the inner surface 5a of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5, the inner surface 4b and the outer surface 4a of the insert ring 4, and the frusto-conical cylinder of the joint member 3 are formed. Outer surface 2a of part 2
Is applied so as to form a layer as uniform as possible. Next, the insert ring 4 around which the glass fiber filaments 8 are wound at intervals in the circumferential direction is inserted into both ends of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 until the flange abuts on the end face of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5. Insert. Inner surface 5a of fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5
The adhesive layer located at the joint surface between the press ring 4 and the outer surface 4 a secures a predetermined thickness by the thickness of the glass fiber filament 8 provided on the outer surface 4 a of the insert ring 4. When the insertion of the insert ring 4 into the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 is completed, the truncated conical cylindrical portion 2 of the joint member 3 from which the bolt has been removed from the screw hole 7 is inserted into the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4. To wear. Since the outer surface of the truncated conical cylindrical portion 2 of the joint member 3 and the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 have corresponding tapered surfaces, the fitting of the joint member 3 to the insert ring 4 is in a press-fit state, and The diameter of the insert ring 4 is expanded by the truncated conical cylindrical portion 3 and a sufficient bonding pressure is maintained by pressing the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 outward in the radial direction. The adhesive layer located at the joint surface between the outer surface 2a of the joint member 3 and the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 secures a predetermined thickness by the thickness of the glass fiber filament 8 provided on the inner surface 4a of the insert ring 4. Further, since the air release screw hole 7 is provided in the base 6 of the joint member 3, when the joint structure 1 is fitted to both ends of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5,
The internal space of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 is in a pressurized state, and the yoke does not move backward and deviate from a predetermined position. After the fitting of the joint structure 1 to the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 is completed, as shown in FIG. 3, a bolt is screwed into the screw hole 7 of one joint member 3 and the other joint member 3 is screwed. Tank 1 storing foaming agent 9 through screw hole 7
The pipe 11 extending from 0 is extended to an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the internal space of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5, and the foaming agent 9 is injected into the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5. FIG. 4 shows a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft in which the foaming agent 9 is filled in the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5 in this manner. According to the fiber reinforced plastic load transmission shaft, the resonance phenomenon of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 can be suppressed. FIG. 5 shows a modification of the present invention. In this modification, the joint structure fitted to the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 has a joint member 3 a having a flange and an insert ring 4. Have been. FIG. 6 is a view showing a laminated structure of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 of the fiber reinforced plastic load transmitting shaft according to the present invention. The fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 has an inner layer 21, an intermediate layer 22, and an outer layer 23. Of three layers. The inner layer 21 of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 is formed of a fiber having high rigidity and high strength such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or highly elastic organic fiber, or a fiber having excellent shock absorption by a tape winding method ( T
W) or a layer L laminated on the outer surface of the mandrel 24 at an angle (orientation angle) of ± 45 degrees between the pipe axis direction and the fiber direction by the filament winding method (FW).
1 and a carbon fiber by a tape winding method (TW) or a filament winding method (FW)
An orientation angle ± 75 with respect to the axial direction on the outer surface of the mandrel 24
And a layer L2 laminated at an angle of ± 90 degrees.
Constructs a protective layer that is resistant to expansion and contraction, torsion, and external impact. Layer L of inner layer 21 constituting the protective layer
The order of 1 and layer L2 may be reversed. The intermediate layer 22 of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 is made of a fiber having a high elastic modulus and a high strength, such as carbon fiber, having an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees or less by a tape winding method (TW) or a filament winding method (FW). A layer L3 laminated at ± 45 degrees and a sheet material in which fibers are aligned in one direction are formed by a sheet winding method (S
The layers (L4, L5) laminated at an orientation angle of 0 degree by W) are alternately laminated a plurality of times until the required thickness is obtained, thereby forming a layer that secures desired strength and rigidity. In this embodiment, the intermediate layer 22 is a layer L laminated at an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees.
3, layers (L4, L5) laminated at an orientation angle of 0 degree, orientation angle ±
A layer L6 laminated at 15 degrees and a layer laminated at an orientation angle of 0 degrees (L
7, L8), and a layer L9 laminated at an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees. The outer layer 23 of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 is formed by arranging a warp yarn made of a fabric woven with a fiber yarn having excellent shock absorbing properties such as glass fiber or highly elastic organic fiber at an orientation angle of 0 ° or 90 °. Layer L10 laminated on
And a layer L11 in which such fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees or a sheet material in which fibers are aligned in one direction is laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees by a sheet winding method (SW). Constitutes a protective layer against the impact of the above. The arrangement of the layer L10 and the layer L11 in the outer layer 23 may be reversed. For the layer in which the fiber orientation angle is 45 degrees in the inner layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22, this layer is replaced with cloth. May be. An example of a manufacturing procedure of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 when the fiber reinforced plastic load transmission shaft is applied to a propeller shaft of an automobile will be described with reference to Table 1 and FIGS. First, a mandrel 24 is prepared, and a carbon fiber tape material 25 is placed on the mandrel 24 by a tape winding method (TW) shown in FIG. The layer L1 is formed by winding at an angle of ± 45 degrees to form a layer L1.
1 and the carbon fiber tape 25 in the same manner by the tape winding method (TW).
The layer L2 is formed by winding the fiber so that the fiber direction of the
Form one. Then, a carbon fiber tape material 25 is wound on the inner layer 21 at an angle of ± 15 degrees with respect to the pipe axis direction by a tape winding method (TW) to form a layer L3. One-way sheet material 26
Is wound at an orientation angle of 0 degree by a sheet winding method (SW) shown in FIG. 8 to form a layer L4 and a layer L5, which are alternately performed several times (L6, L7, L8, L9) to thereby form the intermediate layer 22. To form Next, an aramid fiber cloth material 27 is formed on the intermediate layer 22 by a sheet winding method (SW) shown in FIG.
10 and a glass fiber tape 2 is formed on the layer L10.
8, the outer layer 23 is formed by forming a winding layer L11 at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees by a tape winding method (TW) shown in FIG. [Table 1] In order to make the appearance of the molded fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 smooth, a glass fiber tape is further laid on the outer layer 23 by tape winding method.
This is performed by forming a layer laminated in one direction at a temperature of from 85 ° to 85 ° and cutting the layer using a lathe or the like. FIG. 11 shows a modification of the present invention. In this modification, a keyway 10 is inserted into an insert yoke 101 and an insert ring 102 constituting a joint structure 100.
1a and 102a, and the insert ring 1
02 is a divided type formed from a plurality of members, a cut 104 corresponding to this keyway is formed in a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow pipe 103, and the joint structure 100 and the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 103 are mechanically connected by a key 105. Connected. As described above, according to the present invention, a fiber reinforced plastic pipe is formed by three layers of an inner layer, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer, and the inner layer is twisted, expanded and contracted, and receives an external impact. The middle layer has a high-strength and high-rigidity structure as a hybrid laminate of tape and sheet, and the outer layer is laminated with fibers that have a strong fiber orientation against shock and excellent shock absorption, so cracks in each layer Light and firm structure with no delamination between layers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a joint structure of a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view showing an insert ring having a joint structure. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a method for filling a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmitting shaft with a foaming agent according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a view showing a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic filled with a foaming agent. FIG. 5 is a view showing a modification of the load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a fiber reinforced plastic pipe of a fiber reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a method of winding a tape material by a tape winding method. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a method of winding a one-way sheet material by a sheet winding method. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a method of winding a fiber cloth material by a sheet winding method. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a winding method of a fiber tape by a tape winding method. FIG. 11 is a view showing a modification of the joint structure of the load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic according to the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 Joint structure 3 Joint member 4 Insert ring 5 Pipe 8 Fiber 9 Foaming agent 20 Pipe 21 Inner layer 22 Intermediate layer 23 Outer layer 24 Mandrel 25 Unidirectional tape material 26 Unidirectional sheet 27 Fiber cloth material 28 Fiber tape

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F16C 3/02 B60K 17/22

Claims (1)

(57) Claims: 1. A fiber reinforced plastic pipe formed of three layers of an inner layer, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer, and a joint member fixed to an end of the pipe. The inner layer is formed of a first layer in which carbon, glass, or aramid fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees and a second layer in which carbon fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 75 degrees to ± 90 degrees. And a third layer in which carbon fibers are stacked at an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees to ± 45 degrees and a fourth layer in which two layers of carbon fibers are stacked at an orientation angle of 0 degrees outside the third layer are stacked a plurality of times. A third layer is formed by laminating a third layer on top of the fifth layer. The outer layer of the pipe is formed by laminating a glass fiber or aramid fiber cloth so that the warp yarn has an orientation angle of 0 degree or 90 degree. Sixth layer in which glass fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees Fiber-reinforced plastic load transmitting shaft, characterized in that in the formation.