JP3374103B2 - Fertilizer for improving marine life growth environment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fertilizer used for improving the growth environment of marine organisms. More specifically, in the case of the coastal shallow sea area, which is the place of reproduction of marine organisms, for example, when there is a coastal drowning disaster due to an oil spill caused by a ship accident, or inflow of altered water quality from a river, Alternatively, the present invention relates to a chemical fertilizer granule for improving the marine life environment used for promptly restoring the natural environment of the coast such as when the natural environment of the coast is directly altered due to human influence.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the 20th century, the amount of seafood produced by humans has been steadily increasing until 1969.
In the 970s, it stagnated at a level of 70 million tons, and in the world's seas, it has become difficult to catch a large amount of seafood, which is in great demand, except for the development of new fishing grounds. Against this background of the resources of fish and shellfish, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) at that time, even if limited to traditional fish species to be fished, managed appropriately so that the resources would not be depleted, and on the other hand By utilizing the resources that were not available, the world fishery production can be expanded by about 50 million tons from the level at that time, showing an overview that the Antarctic krill,
We expected the fishery to expand production considering other unused fish species. However, in order to realize these outlines, it is necessary to give sufficient attention and consideration to the adverse effects on the marine resource environment by suppressing the marine pollution caused by the increase in the world population, the increase in industrial production, and the destruction of the environment. Was added. As a result, in the 1980s, it was possible to expand production by 20 million tons to the present day, but most of these were due to the expansion of unused resources, and now krill and unutilized resources have not been used until then. The world's fisheries have become extremely severe as resources have been exhausted.

In such a resource situation, in recent years, in many places in coastal countries, heavy oil spills due to marine accidents occur one after another, and the resource environment of coastal fisheries is in a state of presenting a tremendous environmental destruction and a long recovery period. In addition, the inflow of water quality altered by pollution of urban rivers to the coast, or artificial river repairs. Due to the deteriorating effects on the resource environment caused by coastal construction, the resource environment on the coast today is extremely exhausted, and solving these problems is a serious problem.

[0004] Conventionally, fertilization techniques for catching fish have been developed for fish and shellfish that are cultivated in cages, such as sown bait used for aquaculture of fish and shellfish. However, these fertilizer materials are so-called sown baits that are used to collect migratory fish that are temporarily caught in large quantities, or animals and plants that live in benthos, and process and disperse them as feed for seedling larvae. is there. The fishing method using these baits is applied as a means of attracting and catching seafood even in the natural sea.

On the other hand, as a chemical fertilizer for improving the growth environment of marine organisms, the present inventors utilize ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate to allow iron oxides preferred by algae and microorganisms to exist on the surface. That the seaweed bed can be propagated by the concrete structure described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-3165 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-2.
No. 0162, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-41527, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-58931, Japanese Patent No. 2598348, Japanese Patent No. 2617786, and the like.

[0006] The necessity of chemical fertilizers for improving the marine life environment is not only contributing to solving the problem of depleting marine resources, but is also being investigated as a means for controlling global warming.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Second Report, Chapter 10, "Responses of Marine Organisms to Environmental Changes and Feedback to Climate," in the section "Increase phytoplankton productivity by iron", 1993. October, sprayed with an acidic solution of iron sulfate in the waters of 64Km ² of equatorial Pacific ocean (Kolber et al, 1994, Martin
et al, 1994 Waston et al, 1
994) In the early results, it was reported that iron spraying had a clear effect on the marine ecosystem, and that productivity and chlorophyll concentration were almost tripled.

In Japan as well, the Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth's environment is conducting research and development of carbon dioxide fixation by utilizing bacteria, algae, etc., and technology utilization development, and it is reported that the effect of increasing iron ion concentration It is shown. According to it, in order to immobilize a part of about 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide generated by human beings by photosynthesis of algae, conditions such as light, temperature, inorganic salts and carbon dioxide concentration, which are the growth conditions of algae, are required. We are conducting research on technological development that artificially realizes, industrially cultivates a large amount of high density, and immobilizes carbon dioxide with efficiency higher than photosynthesis in nature. And, in the evaluation of immobilization ability and the announcement of optimal culture conditions research results in these studies, it is possible to obtain immobilization ability by reducing nutrient salts such as nitrate and phosphate and increasing iron ion concentration. I'm confirming.

[0009]

However, in the method using the above-mentioned bait, spoiled residues are accumulated in the sediment of slow-flowing sea areas and closed sea areas, which causes the sediment environment and the surrounding water environment to be improved. There was a problem of making it significantly worse.

Further, in the research on carbon dioxide immobilization by culturing phytoplankton, chlorophyll, bacteria, algae, etc., since an aqueous solution of iron sulfate is used in all cases, iron sulfate is added at the sea surface or at a position slightly deeper than the sea surface. Except when the aqueous solution mixes with seawater and does not mix with seawater at most water depths where coastal photosynthesis can be obtained, and the target fertilization area is effectively mixed due to coastal upwelling. Is not a valid and appropriate method.

Therefore, the present invention aims to solve the problems caused by the sprouting bait, that is, a microplant which is a primary producer of marine organisms,
Alternatively, the abundance of dissolved oxygen, which is most indispensable for the growth environment of populations mainly consisting of micro-animals, and the water quality, water temperature, and vegetation environment of plants that grow in sediment in the shallow sea shore where photosynthesis can be achieved Considering that it is the basis for promoting overall productivity, we have constructed a phytoplankton, a zooplankton, which is the basic productivity of resource reproduction, and a bottom sediment environment that is most suitable for the growth environment of algae vegetation, and the marine life in the natural world. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fertilizer capable of establishing a vigorous food chain function of the fertilizer and increasing the productivity in the ocean as a result.

Further, the present invention solves the problem of fertilization by spraying an aqueous solution, and exerts a fertilizing effect not only on the sea surface but also on the bottom layer of the light-bearing layer where the water reaches the depth of sunlight, and the organisms of the entire coastal area are affected. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fertilizer capable of improving and constructing a habitat, and therefore capable of imparting an effect of improving a habitat for coastal organisms to all water qualities at a vertical depth from the sea surface to the bottom sediment. .

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has been completed as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems.

[0014] Namely, the present invention includes at least iron sulfate and natural salt, marine growth, wherein the forming the granular
It is a fertilizer for environmental improvement .

The fertilizer of the present invention contains natural salts containing nutrient salts existing in the natural sea and iron, which is a trace element essential for the growth of all living things, and therefore deteriorates the sediment environment. Without, it can establish the active food chain function of marine organisms.

Further, since the fertilizer of the present invention has a granular shape, nutrients are evenly eluted and provided between the sea surface and the water layer from which the photosynthesis can be obtained.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below.

Generally, in the ordinary sea, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, 1 to 3 liters of seawater contains 32 to 38 g of a substance dissolved therein, of which 80% is occupied by sodium ions and chloride ions which are bases of salt. There is. In addition, seawater contains sulfate ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, potassium ions, carbon ions, bromine ions, etc. It is known that the total amount of these substances accounts for 99.7% of the mass dissolved in seawater. ing. In addition, the structure of nutrient elements dissolved in seawater is slightly different depending on geography, weather conditions, etc., but the order and ratio of main elements are extremely constant.

[0019]

[Table 1]

[0020]

[Table 2]

The chemical fertilizer for promoting the improvement of the marine organism growth environment construction of the present invention uses natural salt as a main raw material from the viewpoint of satisfying adaptability, safety and economical efficiency.

As the natural salt, for example, a natural rock salt containing sodium chloride as a main component, such as natural rock salt or a salt naturally crystallized by concentrating seawater, can be used, and at least chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), magnesium (M
g), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) are preferable, and further, carbon (C), bromine (Br), strontium (Sr), boron (B) and fluorine (F) are contained in trace amounts. More preferable is copper (C
u), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cobalt (C
o), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V) and silicon (Si) are more preferable, and those which are as close as possible to the components contained in natural seawater are more preferable. The content of these trace elements is preferably 10 wt% or less in the natural salt.

The chemical fertilizer for improving the environment for growing marine organisms according to the present invention uses natural salt as a main raw material.
Further, iron sulfate, which is a trace element essential for the growth of bacteria, seaweeds, or microorganisms, is added. Here, as iron sulfate,
Although ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate can be used, it is preferable that 80 wt% or more of the total amount of iron sulfate is ferrous sulfate of 7 hydrate. Further, the content of iron sulfate is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 20 wt% to 60 wt% in the raw material constituting the fertilizer.

The shape of the fertilizer application of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is granular. However, since natural salts and iron sulfate are mainly composed of metal salts, the unit specific gravity is much higher than that of seawater. It is very large, and therefore, when fertilizing from the sea surface, it spontaneously subsides. However, since the fertilizer of the present invention needs to gradually elute an appropriate amount of nutrients between vertical water depths from the sea surface to the light layer, in order to do this, a rapid natural sedimentation rate in water is required. It is preferable to add a function of controlling sedimentation so that the fertilizer can slowly and gradually sediment.

Therefore, it is preferable that the shape of the particles is elliptical. Elliptic spherical granules have a higher buoyancy in water than the center of gravity of granules, compared to spherical or square granules.
The sedimentation speed can be controlled by about 50%. Furthermore, since the surface area is larger than that of spherical granules having the same mass, the area in contact with seawater is large, and the dissolution and elution of nutrient elements and trace elements due to contact with seawater is also large. Therefore, it is possible to solve the addition of the retention function of granules in water, which has not been solved so far, and the quantitative elution of nutrient elements and trace elements to the entire vertical water depth area by the addition. From this viewpoint, the weight of the grains is preferably 0.5 to 5 g.

Further, the fertilizer of the present invention preferably has a pH in accordance with the pH value of seawater in the range of 7.8 to 8.4.

The method for producing the chemical fertilizer granules of the present invention is not particularly limited, but iron sulfate crystals and finely divided natural salt crystal fine powder are mixed by stirring, and for example, a tire roll pressure granulation continuous molding machine is used. It can be formed into a granular shape by pressure forming using a method such as.

[0028]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples.

(Analysis of natural salt) As a result of qualitative and quantitative analysis of contained elements by fluorescent X-ray analysis, a sample is sodium chloride,
Magnesium chloride is the main component, and it also contains calcium, potassium, aluminum, sulfate ions, and silicic acid. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows the weight distribution rate% of the detected element after fluorine (F) in the periodic table of elements.

[0030]

[Table 3]

Further, the sample was dissolved in 10 times pure water to adjust the pH.
Was measured to show weak alkalinity (pH 8.4).

(Production of Fertilizer) Fine crystalline powder obtained by pulverizing the above-mentioned natural salt and ferrous sulfate crystal are mixed with ferrous sulfate crystal 3
The natural salt fine powder was agitated and mixed at a ratio in the range of 3 wt% to 48 wt%, molded by a continuous molding machine of a tire roll pressure granulation system, and granulated into an elliptic spherical granule. The weight of the granule was 2 g per granule, and the unit specific gravity was 1.375.

(Example 1) In Tajiri-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka Prefecture (Tajiri fishery cooperative, water depth 6 m in fishing ground area, sediment is mud and sand)
Normal mountain crushed stone (25-40 mm) 30 m ³ of chemical fertilizer granules 300 kg were mixed and stirred, and normal mountain crushed stone (25-40 mm) 30 m ^{3 of} comparative crushed stones were placed on the seabed at a depth of 6 m. Each is about 30 cm thick and 10
Two m2 mounds were constructed at 50 m intervals. The construction started at 7 am and finished at 10 am.

3:00 pm (2
After 9 hours, a diving expert conducted a survey and found that all of the 100m ² of fertilized crushed stone mounds had a length of 1
The flatfish of about 0 cm were piled up and gathered so that there was no gap. On the other hand, in the comparative crushed stone mound, there was no collection of fish that could be seen silently.

A similar survey was conducted at 3:00 pm (53 hours later) the next day. As a result, the flounder crowd gathered on the fertilized crushed stone mound on the previous day became mottled and its density was 3 on the previous day.
It was about 0%. Also, in one contrast mound, it was observed that two wrasses with a body length of about 15 cm were collected.

From these results, it can be considered that the effect factor by fertilization is that the growth of microalgae is abundant in nutrients and trace amounts due to fertilization because the depth of these shallow water is sufficient to receive sunlight. It is considered that photosynthesis was extremely activated by the supply of elements to grow, and thereby small animal larvae that feed on microalgae gathered on the rich diet. And the natural function of the food chain in nature is
Animals that feed on these small animals further gather at once, and because there are suitable conditions for flounder habitation here due to the environmental conditions of the sea area, there are no gaps because the flounder feeds on the small animals gathered here. It is considered to be a gathering.

From the above experimental results, it can be confirmed that the chemical fertilizer containing natural salt and iron sulfate, which is a trace element essential for the growth of all living things, has an extremely effective effect on the growth environment of marine life. did it.

(Example 2) Chemical fertilizer granules were sprayed on the coastal beach formed by sand and gravel in the Susaki fishing port area of Kochi prefecture, and the effect was observed. To clarify the results of the experiment, a small river (river width 30
m), and compare the two places that are not affected by the flow, and after selecting in advance that the natural environment of both seas has no difference in water quality and bottom quality, select one of them. An experiment was conducted.

After the rain, the river water was more than normal and the wave height was about 2 m to 2.5 m, but in a sunny condition, the length of the beach was about 50 m and the width was about 5 m. 200 kg of the chemical fertilizer granule was applied to the spots. At the beach edge, the spray of granules was carried out from 1 pm without any problems with a wave of about 50 cm, and the process was finished at 2 pm.

Next, for 4 hours from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm, see how the granules applied and fertilized previously are affected by the waves and can be effectively fertilized in the ocean. The effect was confirmed by investigating together with the measurement. According to the results of the survey conducted on the day, the granules spread over an area of about 4m in width that touched the coastline were directly affected by the waves and flowed into the sea in the form of granules.
The remaining granules in the place having a width of about 1 m remained in the same shape.

At 10 am the next day, when we surveyed the waters of this coast and the beach, all the granules remaining on the beach were gradually dissolved due to the influence of the splash of waves and the moisture of the coast, and the sand on the beach was dissolved. The surface of the and gravel progressed to a dark color and an oxidized iron rust color. On the other hand, when we surveyed the beach area using a small boat, we found that the body length of 3 cm to 5 cm was found in shallow water below 1 m.
A variety of fish larvae, such as the oyster oyster, the grouper, the grouper, the treefish, and the wrasse, were collected. In addition, it was observed that a large number of plankton (Akarthia and Ami) were gathered at a depth of 2 m, about 50 m offshore from the beach.

From the above experimental results, the chemical fertilizer granules containing natural salt and iron sulfate for improving the growth environment of marine organisms were found to be the most vigorous vegetation of microalgae that is most necessary for the growth of animal larvae in the natural world. In addition, it was possible to confirm the functional effect of providing a favorable environment for the growth of zooplankton and the growth of seafood juveniles.

(Comparative Example 1) 5 kg of ferrous sulfate crystals was added to 20 liters of seawater and mixed by stirring, and then 100 g of a water-soluble red colorant was added to this aqueous solution and stirred, which was 6 m deep. I just put it on the sea surface.

As a result of investigating the degree of sedimentation of this aqueous solution and the state of fusion with seawater by a researcher who had been submerged in advance, the depth of sedimentation of the aqueous solution was about 1.5 meters at the time of the injection, and the center of the injection position. About 5 meters away from the sea, it drifted at a depth of about 1 meter from the sea surface, while the spread on the sea surface spreads about 30 meters within a visible time of about 30 minutes and flowed away.

From the above experimental results, the fertilization method using an aqueous solution is effective in constructing a plankton habitat, but on the one hand it also leads to the factor of red tide generation, and improves the habitat for all target marine organisms in the sea area. I confirmed that it has a drawback that does not lead to.

[0046]

Industrial Applicability As described above, according to the present invention, nutrient elution is evenly distributed in the water depth from the sea surface to the photogenic layer where photosynthesis can be obtained without degrading the sediment environment. , Can establish the active food chain function of marine life.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-8-154511 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01K 61/00 C05D 9/02 C05G 5 / 00 A01G 33/00

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fertilizer for improving a marine organism growth environment , which comprises at least iron sulfate and a natural salt and has a granular shape. 2. The fertilizer for improving a marine organism growth environment according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the grains is an elliptic sphere. 3. The improved marine organism growth environment according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the grain is 0.5 to 5 g.
Useful fertilizer. 4. The content of iron sulfate is 20 wt% to 60 wt.
%, The fertilizer for improving the marine organism growth environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The fertilizer for improving the marine organism growth environment according to claim 1, wherein 80 wt% or more of the total amount of iron sulfate is ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. 6. The fertilizer for improving a marine organism habitat according to claim 1, wherein the natural salt contains carbon, bromine, strontium, boron and fluorine.