JP3385461B2 - Authenticity forming body having fine perforations and authenticity discriminating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention provides a valuable printed matter such as banknotes, passports, securities, cards, and stamps with an effect of suppressing forgery and alteration, and enables authenticity discrimination by a machine. The present invention relates to a false discriminant formed body and a discrimination device thereof.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Banknotes, passports, securities, cards,
Due to the nature of valuable printed matter such as stamps, it is required that it is difficult to forge or alter. As measures for preventing this, pruning, fine image line construction, intaglio printing, etc. are known. At the same time, since these valuable printed matters need to be subjected to the authenticity determination and other mechanical processing, it is necessary to have a machine reading element. Therefore, a method of mixing a special substance into the ink,
A method of coating or mixing a special material on a base material such as paper is used.

There is also an example in which letters or numbers are expressed by a perforation arrangement such as Swiss Franc 200. Furthermore, there is an example in which the shade image of the portrait is binarized and the shaded portion of the portrait is represented based on the binarized data expressing the shade.

[0004]

However, among such anti-counterfeiting means, since the plow can be artificially manufactured with varnish or the like, it is difficult to be a perfect anti-counterfeiting means. Further, since a fine image line structure and the like can be almost reproduced by a color copying machine, it has become impossible to easily determine the authenticity. Even in the intaglio,
A large area is required to provide sufficient finger sensitivity, which causes many design problems.

Magnetic ink used for banknotes is typically used as the ink used for machine reading of valuable printed matter. However, from the viewpoint of distribution, the allowable range of authenticity determination is wide and it is perfect. At present, it cannot be a true / false determination element. Further, in the example of Swiss franc 200, it is possible to imitate and falsify the holes by imitating the hole array, and convert the light and shade into binary data, and according to this data, convert the hole position, that is, the coordinate x, y. The means for expressing a portrait has a complicated structure, and it is not always easy to determine whether it is true or false.

By the way, in recent years, the development of precision processing technology for fine perforation on a substrate such as paper, film or metal plate has been remarkable, and for example, the processing technology for fine perforation by laser can easily perform arbitrary perforation arrangement. In addition, the occurrence of burrs during drilling is much less than that of mechanical drilling with a needle or the like for forgery or alteration.

The present invention utilizes such a precision machining technique for fine perforation and aims to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is a true / false discrimination adult and a true / false discrimination excellent in forgery and alteration prevention effects. The object is to realize the device. That is, it is possible to make a genuine / counterfeit discrimination by using a genuine / counterfeit discrimination formed by forming a number of fine perforations that are difficult to see and providing information such as numbers, letters, patterns, figures, and barcodes. It is to prevent it.

According to the present invention, it is extremely difficult to forge or alter by making use of precision processing technology to give fine information perforations whose shapes, orientations and dimensions are changed to a large number of fine background perforations. The challenge is to realize a true / false discriminant formed body.

The present invention makes it possible to easily visually recognize and discriminate the information of the genuine / counterfeit discriminator without requiring a complicated, expensive and special device for the genuine / counterfeit discrimination. The object is to realize a true / false discriminant formed body which is also suitable for automatic machine discrimination.

Further, the information to be incorporated in the authenticity discrimination forming body is not limited to a single piece of information, but it is also necessary to combine a plurality of pieces of information according to the observation direction to be observed, the inclination angle, etc. to make forgery and alteration extremely difficult. And

[0011]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a base material, and forms a background part and an information part consisting of a specific pattern. In a true / false discrimination forming body having a large number of difficult minute perforations, the perforations forming the background part and the perforations forming the information part are different in at least one of shape, size and arrangement direction of the perforations. Provided is a genuine / counterfeit discriminative body characterized by being formed as described above.

Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a base material, and is formed on the base material, and is provided with a large number of fine particles which are difficult to see and which form a background part and an information part consisting of a specific pattern. Which is different in length in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the information part is formed in the arrangement direction of the holes forming the background part. The arrangement directions of the perforations are different angles, and in the directions of the different angles, when observed from an oblique direction with respect to the surface of the base material, a density difference occurs between the background portion and the information portion, and the information Provided is a genuine / counterfeit discriminant formed by making a part recognizable.

By arranging the arranging directions of the perforations in the information section at a plurality of different angles, a plurality of pieces of information recognizable from a plurality of oblique directions corresponding to the plurality of different angles are provided. It may be configured to have.

By making the longitudinal dimension of the perforation of the information section different by two or more, two or more different information recognizable from two or more different oblique angle directions may be provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention recognizes an image pickup device for photographing a genuine / counterfeit discriminant and a shape of each perforation of the genuine / counterfeit discriminant formed by the image pickup device. Provided is an authenticity discrimination device for discriminating a genuineness / counterfeit formation body, which is provided with an image processing device for recognizing a pattern formed by perforations having only the same shape.

Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an image pickup device for picking up an image of a genuine / counterfeit discriminant from an oblique direction with respect to the surface of the base material, and a true / false image picked up by the image pickup device. An authenticity discriminating device for discriminating a genuine / counterfeit discriminating body, comprising: an image processing device for recognizing the density of each perforation of the discriminant formed body and recognizing a pattern formed by the same perforation. I will provide a.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of an authenticity-determining formed body and an identifying method according to the present invention will be described based on Examples with reference to the drawings. The feature of the authenticity discrimination forming body of the present invention is that a sheet-shaped base material such as paper is formed with a large number of perforations of a minute background portion and information portion which are difficult to see, and the perforation of the information portion is Information is given by forming in a shape different from that of the perforation and in a different direction.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1A, a large number of fine perforations are formed in a sheet-shaped base material 2 such as paper to constitute a true / false determination forming body 1. In the true / false discrimination forming body 1 of the first embodiment, the character P is formed by a large number of fine perforations 4 having a triangular perforation shape with respect to a background portion including a large number of fine perforations 3 having an elliptical perforation shape. The information section of is added.

Since the perforation shape is such that the difference is difficult to discriminate visually, a circle having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm is considered as a reference, and a polygon such as a triangle or a square having a size similar to this is considered. , Or elliptical. As for the combination of the shapes of the perforations in the background portion and the information portion, various combinations are possible as long as the perforations have different shapes. The perforations are formed by a precision machining technique, which has been remarkably advanced in recent years, such as a laser perforation technique.

The reading of the information portion is performed by image processing of a computer for an image formed from the transmitted light that has passed through the perforations. For example, the perforation 3 in the background part and the perforation 4 in the information part
When an ellipse and a triangle are used as the respective shapes, the shape of the perforation is recognized by the shape recognition technique, and the image information of the information portion, which is a collection of the recognized perforations, is determined by the image processing.

An image processing system for performing such image processing is specifically shown in FIG. 1 (b). The authenticity determination forming body 1 is placed on the light table 5, the light from the light table 5 is transmitted through the perforations, and an image by the transmitted light is photographed by the camera 6 (CCD camera or the like) to check the difference in the perforation shape. It is possible to find out by the image processing of the computer 7 and divide it into the perforation of the information part and the perforation of the background part, and pattern-recognize the information formed from the perforation 4 of the information part.

According to the genuine / counterfeiting formed body 1 according to Example 1, it is very difficult to visually recognize information. However, information can be recognized by the image processing system. If the size of the perforations 3 and 4 of the authenticity discrimination forming body 1 is made minute to the extent that it is impossible without using a laser processing machine, an expensive device is required for perforation, and forgery prevention is possible. Considered to be effective. Further, since it is a fine perforation, it does not impair the design of the object (for example, securities) to which it is provided. As information,
There are letters, numbers, patterns, figures, barcodes, etc.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2A, a genuine / counterfeit discrimination forming body 8 is configured by forming and arranging a large number of fine perforations that cannot be visually recognized on a sheet-shaped base material 2 such as paper. The perforation 9 in the background portion is an ellipse having a major axis in the Y direction (vertical direction in the drawing), whereas the perforation 10 in the information portion is an ellipse having a major diameter in the X direction (horizontal direction in the drawing). As a result, the letter P is added to the background portion as an information portion.

Since the perforation shape has a size such that the difference between the background portion and the information portion is difficult to be visually discerned, a circle having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm is considered as a reference, and an ellipse having a size similar to this is used. And If the perforations in the X and Y directions have different lengths, they may be rectangular or the like instead of the ellipse. The perforations are formed using the laser perforation technique or the like as in the first embodiment.

When reading the information section, the genuine / counterfeit discrimination forming body 8 is irradiated with light from the back side, and the pattern of the information section is recognized by the transmitted light which is the light passing through the perforations. By the way, as shown in FIG.
When viewed directly (from an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the surface of the base material 2), the perforations 9 and 10 are minute, and the shape of each of them cannot be confirmed, and it is also difficult to visually confirm the perforations themselves. Therefore, the information cannot be visually recognized not only by the transmitted light but also by the reflected light.

When the genuine / counterfeit discriminant forming body 8 is observed from an oblique direction with respect to the surface of the base material 2, light from the back side passing through the elliptical perforation having the major axis in the same direction as the observing direction. In short, the transmitted light can be seen well, but the transmitted light from the elliptical perforations with different directions cannot be seen. Information can be recognized based on the difference in light and darkness (shading) based on whether or not the transmitted light from the elliptical hole group having a major axis in the same direction as the observation direction and the elliptical hole group having a different direction can be seen.

FIG. 2B shows a case where the genuine / counterfeit discrimination forming body 8 is observed from an oblique direction in the Y direction with respect to its plane, and the perforations 9 in the background portion are elliptic with a major axis in the Y direction. In addition, the light from the back side of the authenticity discrimination forming body is transmitted and the background portion looks bright to the observer. However, perforation 10 in the information section
Is an ellipse having a minor axis in the Y direction, the light from the back side does not pass through, and the information part looks dark to the observer. Based on the difference between the lightness and darkness (lightness), is referred to as P of the information part. Characters can be recognized.

FIG. 2 (c) shows the true / false discrimination formed body in FIG. 2 (a) observed obliquely from the upper side in the X direction with respect to the plane or the true / false discrimination formed body in the clockwise direction in the plane. This is the case when rotated by 90 degrees and observed from an oblique direction in the Y direction with respect to the plane. In this case, since the perforation 9 in the background portion is an ellipse having a minor axis in the observation direction, light from the back side of the true / false discrimination forming body does not pass through, and the background portion looks dark to the observer. However, since the perforation 10 of the information section is an ellipse having a major axis in the observation direction, the light from the back side is transmitted and the information section looks bright to the observer, whereby the information P of the information section is identified. it can. In short, the authenticity-determining formed body has a feature that the pattern of light and darkness (dark and light) is reversed when it is observed in a different direction by 90 degrees or rotated by 90 degrees in a plane from an oblique direction.

FIG. 2D is a diagram for explaining an image processing system in the case of mechanically reading the genuine / counterfeit discriminant according to the second embodiment. When the genuine / counterfeit discriminant is placed on the light table and an image of the genuine / counterfeit discriminant formed by the transmitted light is directly faced and photographed by the camera 6 (CCD camera or the like), the perforated shape of It is possible to find the difference by image processing of the computer 7, separate the information part and the background part, and recognize the pattern of the information part.

Further, in the state of FIG. 2D, the light table 5
With respect to the authenticity discrimination forming body 8 placed on the top, X with the camera 6
When shooting from an obliquely upper direction, the light from the light table does not pass through and appears dark (transmits and appears bright) The background portion allows light to appear bright (light does not pass through and appears dark) By visualizing the pattern of the information part, the light and shade are binarized by image processing, and in order to further improve the discrimination accuracy, the same processing is performed from the direction rotated by 90 degrees and the darkness is increased from one direction. ,
It becomes faint from the other direction, and there is a method to confirm that the two match.

According to the genuine / counterfeit discrimination forming body 8 according to the second embodiment as described above, since the perforations are fine, information can be recognized at a normal facing angle as shown in FIG. 2D. Very difficult. However, the information can be recognized by viewing it from an oblique direction. By using the image processing system, information can be mechanically read and recognized. If the size of the perforations in the genuine / counterfeit discrimination forming body 8 is made minute to the extent that is impossible without the use of a laser processing machine, an expensive device is required for forming the perforations, and it is effective in preventing forgery. Conceivable. Further, since it is a fine perforation, it does not impair the design of the object (for example, securities) to which it is provided. The information includes characters, numbers, patterns, figures, bar codes and the like.

Here, in order to clarify the characteristics of the true / false discrimination formed body according to the second embodiment, a comparison with the prior art will be made. As mentioned above, the pattern is recognized by punching. Conventionally, letters or numbers are simply expressed by a punching arrangement (eg Swiss 200 franc note).
It is also known that a grayscale image is binarized and then a shadow portion is perforated to express a portrait.

On the other hand, in the authenticity / fake discriminant forming body 8 according to the second embodiment, the information-provided portion has different perforation shapes with respect to the background, and therefore, normally, when the information is directly observed, the information is not displayed. It is very difficult to recognize, but you can recognize information when you observe it from an oblique direction while holding it up to the light. Further, it has a feature that the change in shading is reversed when the observation direction is changed by 90 degrees.

Further, as a conventional one having a latent image,
A latent image intaglio (one in which a latent image intaglio is applied according to the direction of an image line and the amount of ink), a latent image pattern forming body for preventing forgery, and a method for producing the same (see Japanese Patent No. 2615401) are known. However, these are for observing reflected light, and in addition, the change in shading is reversed when the direction of observation is changed by 180 degrees, which is essentially the true-false discrimination forming body according to the second embodiment. Are of different nature.

Here, the results of actual fabrication and experiments of the true / false discrimination formed body according to the second embodiment will be described below. The perforation shape was elliptical and the sizes were as follows. Minor axis:
0.15 mm, major axis: 0.2 to 0.4 mm, spacing: 0.
4 mm to 0.8 mm. Set the major axis of each hole in the background to the Y direction,
The major axis of the information part is aligned in the X direction (that is, the holes having the same shape are rotated by 90 degrees in the background part and the information part, respectively). Made by.

It was difficult to visually recognize information when the true and false discriminant formed body was observed directly.
The information could be confirmed when viewed from an angle (a direction oblique to the true / false discrimination forming body by about 30 degrees in the X or Y direction) over the light source or on the light table. When viewed from the Y direction, the information part is dark and X
On the contrary, it looks bright when viewed from the direction.
Or, if you change it by 90 degrees like the Y direction, the change in brightness will be reversed. The best condition among the above is the minor axis: 0.1 m
m, major axis: 0.3 mm, interval: 0.6 mm.

In the true-counterfeit discriminant forming body 8 according to the second embodiment, the case has been described in which the observation direction is 90 degrees within the plane, or is rotated 90 degrees and is observed obliquely from above. When the direction of the major axis of the perforation is not limited to the direction of 90 degrees in the plane of the true / false discriminant formed body but is formed at an arbitrary angle, it is possible to observe the reversal of the shade when viewed obliquely from the direction of the arbitrary angle. Needless to say.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In XY in FIG. 3, the horizontal direction in the paper is X and the vertical direction is Y. In FIG. 3 (a),
The genuine / counterfeit discrimination forming body 11 is configured by forming and arranging a large number of fine perforations that cannot be visually recognized on a sheet-shaped base material 2 such as paper. The perforation 12 in the background portion is an ellipse having a major axis in the X direction, while the perforation in the information portion is an ellipse having a major axis in the Y direction. The perforation of this information section is large or small 2 including a first elliptical perforation 13 having a small major axis giving a first information section and a second elliptical perforation 14 having a large major axis giving a second information section.
It is composed of different types of elliptical major axes.

As a result, the information section is composed of a rhombic first information section and a T-shaped second information section 16 further formed in the first information section 15. Perforation in diamond 1
Although 3 and 14 are all ellipses each having a major axis in the Y direction, the ellipse of the perforation 14 arranged in the T-shaped portion of the second information portion has the same major axis as the major diameter of the ellipse of the perforation 12 of the background portion (for example, 0. .4m
m), and the major diameter of the perforation 13 around the T-shaped portion is smaller than the major diameter of the perforation 12 in the background portion (for example, 0.3 mm).

When the information of the true / false discrimination formed body according to the third embodiment having the above-mentioned structure is directly faced as shown in FIG. 3 (a),
The perforations are so fine that they cannot be seen, so they are diamond-shaped or T-shaped.
Character information cannot be recognized. However, as shown in FIG. 3B, when viewed from the upper side of the true / false discrimination forming body at an angle of 30 degrees in the Y direction, the light from the back side of the true / false discrimination forming body 11 is not visible. , The first perforated holes 13 and 14 of the information portion in the rhombus with the major axis in the Y direction appear dark because no light passes through the perforated holes 12 in the background with the minor axis in the Y direction.
The first information part 15 in the rhombus can be observed due to the difference in shade.

Then, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), when viewed from an upper direction of 20 degrees oblique in the Y direction with respect to the plane of the true / false discrimination forming body 11, the light from the back surface is short in the Y direction. The perforation 12 in the background, which is the diameter, and the first elliptical perforation 13 outside the T-shape in the rhombus with a relatively short major axis in the Y direction cannot pass through and thus appear dark, and the second elliptical perforation in the T-shape. 1
No. 4 has a large major axis, so light is transmitted and looks bright,
The T-shaped second information portion 16 can be observed due to the difference in shade.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3D, the genuine / counterfeit discriminant body is observed from the X direction or rotated 90 degrees in the plane thereof and is inclined 30 in the Y direction with respect to the plane of the genuine / counterfeit discriminant body 11. Contrary to the above, when viewed from above, the perforations 12 in the background portion appear bright due to light being transmitted, and the first and second elliptical perforations 13 and 14 in the rhombus do not appear to transmit light, and thus appear dark. , The shade of the first information portion is reversed, and the pattern of the bright rhombic first information portion 15 can be recognized against the dark background portion.

As described above, in the third embodiment, the shape of the perforation,
Even if the orientations are the same, by changing the dimension of the major axis to a plurality, it is possible to easily recognize a plurality of different information from a plurality of observation angles without using a device for discrimination or the like. Further, if the size of the perforations of the authenticity discrimination forming body is made minute to the extent impossible without using a laser processing machine,
An expensive device is required to forge or alter, and it is considered effective in preventing forgery. Also, because it is a fine perforation, it is given (for example, securities)
Does not spoil the design. As information, characters,
There are numbers, patterns, figures, barcodes, etc.

Although the embodiments of the true / false discriminant formed body and the discriminating apparatus thereof according to the present invention have been described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
It goes without saying that there are various embodiments and examples within the scope described in the claims.

[0045]

According to the present invention having the above-mentioned structure, since the fine information perforations having different shapes, orientations, and dimensions of the perforations are formed with respect to the fine background perforations, the fine perforations having the same arrangement are formed. Is extremely difficult to form, and when laser drilling is used, an expensive processing machine is required, and from these aspects, the effect of preventing forgery and falsification is extremely large.

Information cannot be recognized by observing the authenticity-determining formed body according to the present invention in a face-to-face manner as usual, but the information can be recognized by image recognition processing, and in particular, the orientation and dimensions are changed. In addition to the image recognition processing, for those that use perforation, information can be easily recognized by visually observing from an oblique direction without using a discrimination device, etc. Two or more pieces of information can be recognized by rotating, and from this point also, the effect of preventing forgery and falsification is extremely large.

Furthermore, the authenticity discriminant formed body according to the present invention is
Since it uses fine perforations, it can be applied to a portion of various valuable printed matter such as securities, passports, identification cards, etc., which need to be counterfeited or tampered with, without impairing its design and without being conspicuous.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Example 1 of the authenticity determination formed body according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating Example 2 of the authenticity determination formed body according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating Example 3 of the authenticity determination formed body according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 8, 11 True / False discriminant formed body 2 base materials 3, 9, 12 Background perforation 4, 10 Perforation of information section 13 First elliptical perforation 14 Second elliptical perforation 15 First Information Department 16 Second Information Department

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP 48-12000 (JP, A) JP 56-52762 (JP, A) JP 61-25212 (JP, A) JP 2001-503687 (JP, A) Special table 2000-501036 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B41M 3/14 B41M 3/10 G06K 17/00 G06K 19/06 G07D 7 / 00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A substrate comprising a substrate, formed on the substrate, and having a background.
Part and an information part consisting of a specific pattern.
Has a lot of difficult micro perforations and distinguishes authenticity of valuable printed matter
The above-mentioned perforation has a shape having different lengths in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
The orientation of the perforations that form the background portion.
The arranging directions of the perforations forming the report portion have different angles, and in the directions of the different angles, with respect to the surface of the substrate.
Observing from the oblique direction, the background part and the information part
Causes a difference in density, and the information part above can be recognized.
Characteristic authenticity formation body. 2. A plurality of perforations in the information section are arranged in a plurality of directions.
By arranging them at different angles,
Can be recognized from multiple diagonal directions corresponding to different angles.
Claims characterized in that a plurality of information according to
1. The true / false discrimination formed body according to 1. 3. The dimension of the perforation of the information section in the longitudinal direction
By making two or more different, two or more different diagonal corners
Two or more different types of information that can be recognized from the direction of
3. The authenticity discrimination formation according to claim 2, wherein
body. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 above.
A genuine / counterfeit discriminator for discriminating a genuine / counterfeit discriminant, an imaging device for photographing the genuine / counterfeit discriminant, and a shape of each perforation of the genuine / counterfeit discriminant formed by the image pickup device.
Recognize the pattern formed by perforations of the same shape
And a recognition image processing device.
Authenticity discriminating device for discriminating formed bodies. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 above.
A genuine / counterfeit discriminating apparatus for discriminating a genuine / counterfeit discriminant, wherein the genuine / counterfeit discriminant is seen from a direction oblique to the surface of the substrate.
The imaging device to be imaged and the density of each perforation of the authenticity discrimination forming body imaged by the imaging device
And recognize the pattern formed by perforations of the same shade
And a recognition image processing device.
Authenticity discriminating device for discriminating formed bodies.