JP3385958B2 - Dry type specific gravity shape separation method for plastics - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the separation of a plurality of types of plastic-based and solid-type mixed plastics by a dry specific gravity shape separation apparatus using a vibrating sieve. The present invention relates to a dry specific gravity shape separation method for separating chlorine-containing plastics {PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride, etc.) etc. from waste and plastic mixtures discharged from processing steps. [0002] Plastic wastes in general and industrial wastes and plastic mixtures discharged from processing steps have the following problems in their treatment measures. (1) When heat treatment such as incineration or oiling is performed, the chlorine-containing plastic is thermally decomposed to emit toxic hydrogen chloride gas. (2) In blast furnace blowing used as a reducing agent for the iron source, the allowable content of chlorine-containing plastic is 1 wt. %
Since it must be below, it cannot be used for blast furnace blowing recycling as it is. (3) In the case of using as a recycled material, use of a plastic mixture is limited, so that it is necessary to reduce impurity concentration as much as possible. (4) Landfill disposal requires a large amount of land due to its large floor area ratio. [0003] Of the above, methods of separating chlorine-containing plastics from the most problematic mixed plastics include wet separation methods such as sink floats, liquid cyclones, wet vertical separators and centrifugal separators, near infrared rays and X-rays. There is known a dry separation method that combines a component detection based on absorption or the like and a removal mechanism. [0004] In the wet separation method, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and P (polyethylene terephthalate) having no difference in specific gravity are used.
Separation from VC or PVDC is not possible. Also, PS
In order to separate (polystyrene) by floating, specific gravity is 1.
About 2 heavy liquids must be used. Furthermore, since a specific gravity liquid such as water is used for wet separation, wastewater treatment is indispensable, and the separated plastic must be dried. On the other hand, in the dry separation in which the detection and the exclusion mechanism are combined, it is difficult to align the film-based plastic and the throughput is low. In the case of dry separation such as wind separation or a vibrating sieve, it is possible to separate materials having a large difference in specific gravity, such as plastic and paper, or plastic and metal, but the same plastic, PE (polyethylene)
There is a problem that it is impossible to separate materials having close specific gravities such as vinyl chloride and the like. [0005] In addition, there are many components having different specific gravities in the plastic waste, and in order to separate only a target component (for example, PVC) from these components, it is necessary to use a multi-stage apparatus. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating harmful chlorine-based plastics from a plastic mixture in a dry manner by a difference in specific gravity and a difference in shape between plastics, whereby a single separation operation is performed to separate a plurality of components. It is to provide a method that can perform. [0007] The present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problem is that when plastics are separated, they are crushed to an appropriate size or the components are disintegrated by some method in advance, and the dry specific gravity shape separation is performed. Combining the vibrating sieve of the device with the rising air flow, providing a plurality of baffles on the vibrating sieve, tilting the vibrating sieve in the vibration direction and in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the vibration direction, and tilting the vibrating sieve in the vibration direction It was found that the problem was solved by changing stepwise or continuously. The present invention has been made based on the above findings. [0008] The invention according to claim 1 is a vibrating sieve capable of vibrating substantially horizontally in a predetermined vibration direction, an injection means for injecting a rising air flow from a lower surface of the vibrating sieve, and the vibrating direction on the vibrating sieve. Using a dry specific gravity shape separation device having a plurality of baffles arranged in parallel with each other in substantially the same direction as the above, the vibrating sieve is inclined toward the predetermined vibration direction and a horizontal direction orthogonal to the vibration direction. The vibrating sieve is vibrated in the predetermined vibration direction, and the rising air flow is jetted by the jetting means, so that the plastic on the vibrating sieve is separated by a specific gravity difference and a shape difference. In the method for separating a dry specific gravity shape of a plastic to be separated, the vibrating sieve is provided by changing a tilt angle toward the vibrating direction stepwise or continuously. And it has a butterfly. [Effect] PE, vinyl chloride, PS, PE in the form of a mass, PE in the form of a film and the like contained in the waste plastic are determined by the balance between the vibration of the vibrating sieve, the rising air flow and the inclination of the vibrating sieve. Since it is discharged to either the light-weight side or the heavy-weight side, the tilt angle is affected when the vibration and the jet velocity of the rising air flow are kept constant. Therefore, the inclination angle of the vibrating sieve in the vibration direction is changed to an inclination angle suitable for separating the desired plastic. The inclination angle of the vibrating sieve is preferably changed within the range of 0 to 30 ° from the light specific gravity discharge side to the high specific gravity discharge side. The adjustment of the inclination angle may be stepwise or continuous. In particular, a plurality of plastics can be recovered at the same time by adjusting stepwise. For example, 0 °, 5 °, 1
The angle is changed stepwise as the high specific gravity discharge side approaches 0 °... 30 °. That is, a vibrating sieve (bottom plate) is manufactured at an angle. Alternatively, the angle is continuously changed from 0 ° to 30 ° as the light specific substance discharge side end approaches the high specific gravity substance discharge side. That is, the vibrating sieve is manufactured by being curved. A tilt angle closer to 0 ° is advantageous for separating a plastic having a small specific gravity difference. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a dry specific gravity shape separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the dry specific gravity shape separation device 1
A bottom plate (vibrating sieve) 4, two side plates 3 provided on both sides of the bottom plate 4, and a plurality (seven in the figure) provided on the bottom plate 4 between the side plates 3 and 3 in parallel with each other. Baffle board 2
And The baffle 2 has a height of several millimeters to several tens of centimeters (about 1 to 10 times the size of the plastic) depending on the size of the plastic to be separated. As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom plate 4 has an inclination angle of 1 °.
(Reference numeral 6) and the inclination angle 2 (reference numeral 7).
The inclination angle 1 (reference numeral 6) and the inclination angle 2 (reference numeral 7) can be changed. The bottom plate 4 vibrates in the same direction 12 as the direction of the inclination at the inclination angle 1 (reference numeral 6). The vibration of the bottom plate 4 is performed by an operation (a motion of a vibration conveyor) by a swinging motion indicated by an arrow 8 in FIG. Further, the amplitude and frequency of the vibration can be adjusted respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom plate 4 is provided with a large number of uniform orifice holes 11 of a mesh shape or a suitable size for injecting the rising air flow 5 upward from the lower surface. The injection speed of the rising air flow 5 can be changed by controlling the air flow rate. The side plate 3 is provided with a large number of uniform holes (not shown) of a mesh shape or of an appropriate size for flowing an appropriate amount of air flow from below. FIG. 3 shows a separation situation according to the first embodiment of the method of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the inclination angle of the bottom plate 4 is stepwise within a range of 0 to 30 ° from the plate end of the light specific gravity discharge side 9 toward the plate end of the high specific gravity discharge side 10. It is provided by changing. The angle increases as approaching the high specific gravity discharge side 10. As the bottom plate 4 vibrates, the plastic on the bottom plate 4 is separated and collected from the light specific gravity discharge side 9 to the high specific gravity discharge side 10 due to a difference in specific gravity. Thereby, the mixed plastic supplied from the upper end 13 of the inclination with the inclination angle 2 (reference numeral 7) is separated into a plurality of plastics A to G, respectively. FIG. 4 shows a separation situation according to a second embodiment of the method of the present invention. In FIG. 4, substantially the same or corresponding parts as in FIG.
The same sign as is used. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the bottom plate 4 has an angle of 0 to 30 ° from the plate end of the light specific material discharge side 9 as it approaches the plate end of the high specific gravity discharge side 10. Is provided in a curved shape in which the inclination angle is continuously increased within the range of. In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the mixed plastic supplied from the upper end 13 of the inclination at the inclination angle 2 (reference numeral 7) is a plurality of plastics A.
To G, respectively. As described above, according to the present invention, the following useful effects can be obtained. From mixed plastics of various shapes such as films and containers, PVC, PE, PET and the like can be separated and recovered with high efficiency according to plastic type. About 8 wt. % PVC is removed from plastic waste mixed with% PVC, and a PVC content of 1 wt. % Of the mixed plastic can be obtained and can be used for recycling such as blast furnace blowing. [0022] By changing the inclination angle in the same direction as the vibration direction stepwise or linearly, the mixed plastic can be separated into a plurality of components by performing one separation processing operation, thereby improving the operation efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a dry specific gravity shape separation device according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a dry specific gravity shape separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a separating device showing a state of separating plastics according to Embodiment 1 of the method of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a separating apparatus showing a state of separating plastics according to Embodiment 2 of the method of the present invention. [Explanation of Signs] 1: Dry specific gravity shape separation device 2: Baffle plate 3: Side plate 4: Bottom plate 5: Air flow 6: Inclination angle 17: Inclination angle 28: Oscillating operation 9 by oscillating motion of bottom plate 9: Light specific gravity discharge side 10: High specific gravity discharge side 11: Injection hole 12: Vibration direction 13: Upper end of inclination

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Teruo Tachifuku 1-2-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-10-225931 (JP, A) JP-A 10-225932 (JP, A) JP-A-10-298570 (JP, A) JP-A-53-373 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B29B 17/00 -17/02 B07B 1/00-15/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] A vibrating sieve capable of vibrating substantially horizontally in a predetermined vibration direction, an injection means for injecting a rising air flow from a lower surface of the vibrating sieve, and Using a dry specific gravity shape separation device having a plurality of baffles arranged in parallel with each other in substantially the same direction as the vibration direction, while tilting the vibrating sieve toward the predetermined vibration direction and orthogonal to the vibration direction The vibrating sieve is vibrated in the predetermined vibration direction and the rising air flow is jetted by the jetting means, so that the plastic on the vibrating sieve has a specific gravity difference and In the method of separating a dry specific gravity shape of a plastic to be separated by a shape difference, the vibrating sieve is provided by changing an inclination angle toward the vibration direction in a stepwise or continuous manner. Dry gravity shape separation method for a plastic to symptoms.