JP3387671B2 - Absorption type heat pump device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption heat pump device used for heating and cooling a building or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an absorption heat pump device includes an evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant, an absorber for absorbing a refrigerant vapor evaporated by the evaporator into an absorbing liquid to generate heat, and a refrigerant for the absorber. It has a regenerator that regenerates the absorbing liquid by absorbing the vapor and heating the absorbing liquid that has become thin to evaporate the refrigerant, and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant vapor separated by the regenerator. ing.

In order to improve the thermal efficiency of such an absorption heat pump device, a high temperature regenerator and a low temperature regenerator are provided and the heat of the refrigerant vapor generated in the high temperature regenerator is used as a driving heat source for the low temperature regenerator. There is a double-effect heat pump device configured as described above, and an aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used as a working fluid of such a heat pump device.

By the way, in order to further increase the coefficient of performance in this double-effect heat pump device, it is necessary to raise the operating temperature of the high temperature regenerator. However, since an aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used as the working fluid, when the working temperature exceeds 150 ° C., there arises a problem that the corrosiveness rapidly increases, which narrows the applicable temperature range. For example, when the heat pump device is driven by using waste heat having a temperature higher than 150 ° C., there is a drawback that the high heat energy cannot be used.

Therefore, the present inventors have already proposed an absorption heat pump device capable of reducing the corrosiveness and increasing the coefficient of performance (for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-21582).
issue). This absorption heat pump device is provided with a high temperature heat pump, an intermediate temperature heat pump and a low temperature heat pump each having an absorber, an evaporator, a regenerator, and a condenser, and the heat of condensation generated in the high temperature condenser is supplied to the intermediate temperature regenerator. While using it as a driving heat source, the condensation heat generated in the medium temperature part condenser is used as a driving heat source for the low temperature part regenerator, and the lithium bromide aqueous solution is used as a working fluid in the low temperature part and the intermediate temperature part heat pump. An aqueous nitrate solution is used as a working fluid for the partial heat pump.

[0006]

However, according to the configuration of the absorption heat pump device described above, the heat pump is
It is divided into three groups, a high temperature part, a medium temperature part and a low temperature part, and a nitrate aqueous solution is used as a working fluid for the high temperature part heat pump. Also, a lithium bromide aqueous solution is used as a working fluid for the middle temperature part heat pump and the low temperature part heat pump. Although it is used, since the flow path of this lithium bromide aqueous solution is a separate system, there have been problems that the number of constituent devices increases and the flow path system of the working fluid becomes complicated.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an absorption heat pump device which can solve the above problems.

[0008]

In order to solve the above problems, an absorption heat pump device of the present invention has a low temperature side heat pump and a high temperature side heat pump for performing an absorption cycle of evaporation → absorption → regeneration → condensation, respectively. , The low-temperature side heat pump, a low-temperature part evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant vapor, a low-temperature part absorber that guides the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the low-temperature part evaporator into the absorbing liquid, and the inside of the low-temperature part absorber A first and a second middle temperature part regenerator for guiding and sequentially heating the diluted absorption liquid; a low temperature part regenerator for guiding and further heating the absorption liquid heated by the second middle temperature part regenerator; A low temperature condenser for guiding and condensing the refrigerant vapor separated by the low temperature regenerator, and first and second middle temperature condensers for guiding and sequentially condensing the refrigerant vapor separated by the second middle temperature regenerator. The heat pump on the high temperature side is configured such that the heat transfer tube of the first middle temperature section condenser is arranged inside and the refrigerant steam separated by the second middle temperature section regenerator is introduced to this heat transfer tube to generate the refrigerant steam by the heat. A high temperature part evaporator to be generated, a heat transfer tube of the first middle temperature part regenerator are arranged inside, and a high temperature part absorber for guiding the refrigerant vapor from the high temperature part evaporator to absorb it in an absorbing liquid; The high temperature part regenerator which absorbs the refrigerant vapor in the partial absorber and guides and heats the absorbing liquid whose concentration has become thin; and the heat transfer pipe arranged in the second middle temperature part regenerator, and to this heat transfer pipe It is composed of a high-temperature condenser that guides the refrigerant vapor separated in the high-temperature regenerator, and uses an aqueous solution of lithium bromide as a working fluid in the low-temperature side heat pump, and a working fluid in the high-temperature side heat pump. Te is obtained by using the aqueous nitrate solution.

Further, in the above-mentioned absorption heat pump device, exhaust heat recovery for giving heat to the refrigerant supplied into the high temperature part evaporator in the middle of the exhaust gas pipeline for discharging the exhaust gas from the heating source in the high temperature part regenerator. Parts are provided.

Further, in each of the above-mentioned absorption heat pump devices, the high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe for transferring the refrigerant liquid from the high temperature part condenser to the high temperature part evaporator, and the first absorption liquid from the low temperature part absorber are provided. A heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe which is transferred to the middle temperature part regenerator is provided.

[0011]

According to the above construction, the heat of the steam separated by the high temperature regenerator is used as a driving heat source for the second intermediate temperature regenerator of the low temperature side heat pump, and is further generated by the second intermediate temperature regenerator. The heat of the generated steam is used as the driving heat source for the high temperature evaporator and the low temperature regenerator, so even though it is a triple-effect heat pump device, in the low temperature heat pump, the working fluid flow path Can be one system. Therefore, since it is possible to have two systems as a whole, the configuration of the flow path system and the device can be simplified.

Further, the heat of the high-temperature condensate that has passed through the high-temperature condenser can be given to the absorbing liquid transferred from the low-temperature absorber, or the heat of the exhaust gas generated in the high-temperature regenerator can be given. Since it can be recovered by the high temperature evaporator, the coefficient of performance of the device can be improved.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing a schematic configuration of a triple-effect absorption heat pump apparatus according to the present invention.

The absorption type heat pump device 1 is roughly divided into a low temperature side heat pump 2 and a high temperature side heat pump 3, and each heat pump 2, 3 has an absorption cycle of evaporation → absorption → regeneration → condensation → evaporation. Done.

First, the main components of the heat pumps 2 and 3 will be described. That is, the low temperature side heat pump 2 is
The low-temperature part evaporator 11 that evaporates the refrigerant vapor, the low-temperature part absorber 12 that guides the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the low-temperature part evaporator 11 to be absorbed in the absorbing liquid, and the refrigerant vapor in the low-temperature part absorber 12 First and second intermediate temperature regenerators 21 and 22 for sequentially guiding and heating the absorbing liquid that has been absorbed and has become thin
A low temperature regenerator 13 for guiding the absorption liquid heated by the second middle temperature regenerator 22 to further heat it; and a low temperature part condenser for guiding and condensing the refrigerant vapor separated by the low temperature regenerator 13. 14 and first and second medium temperature zone condensers 23, 24 for guiding and sequentially condensing the refrigerant vapor separated by the second medium temperature zone regenerator 22. The heat transfer tube 24a of the second intermediate temperature condenser 24 is used for the low temperature regenerator 1.
It is located within 3.

In the high temperature side heat pump 3, the heat transfer pipe 23a of the first intermediate temperature condenser 23 is arranged inside and the high temperature evaporator for generating the refrigerant vapor by the heat of the refrigerant vapor flowing in the heat transfer pipe 23a. 31, a heat transfer pipe 21a of the first middle temperature regenerator 21, a high temperature part absorber 32 for guiding the refrigerant vapor from the high temperature part evaporator 31 to absorb it in an absorbing liquid, and a high temperature part Absorber 3
High temperature part regenerator 33 that guides and heats the absorbing liquid whose concentration has become thin by absorbing the refrigerant vapor in step 2, and this high temperature part regenerator 33
The high temperature part condenser 34 which guides the refrigerant vapor separated by the above and which has its heat transfer pipe 34a arranged in the second middle temperature part regenerator 22.

Next, the transfer paths of the absorption liquid and the refrigerant, which are the working fluid, will be schematically described. First, in the low temperature side heat pump 2, a first low temperature side absorbing liquid transfer pipe (low temperature side absorbing liquid transfer pipe) that transfers the absorbing liquid from the low temperature portion absorber 12 to the heat transfer pipe 21a of the first middle temperature portion regenerator 21. 51 and this heat transfer tube 2
A second low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 52 for transferring the absorption liquid from 1a into the second middle temperature part regenerator 22 and the absorption liquid regenerated by the second middle temperature part regenerator 22 and having a high concentration. The third low-temperature-side absorption liquid transfer pipe 53 that is transferred into the regenerator 13, and the fourth low-temperature-side absorption liquid that is regenerated by the low-temperature part regenerator 13 and that has a higher concentration is transferred into the low-temperature part absorber 12. The heat transfer tube 2 of the first intermediate temperature section condenser 23 is provided with the refrigerant vapor separated by the absorbing liquid transfer tube 54 and the second intermediate temperature section regenerator 22.
Low temperature side refrigerant vapor transfer pipe 61 for transferring to 3a, and first low temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer for transferring the refrigerant liquid condensed in the heat transfer pipe 23a into a liquid to the heat transfer pipe 24a of the second middle temperature section condenser 24. A pipe 62 and a second low temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe 63 for transferring the refrigerant liquid from the heat transfer pipe 24a into the low temperature section condenser 14.
And a third low temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe 64 for transferring the refrigerant liquid in the low temperature portion condenser 14 to the low temperature portion evaporator 11, and a low temperature side for circulating and supplying the refrigerant liquid at the bottom of the low temperature portion evaporator 11 to the upper portion thereof. A refrigerant liquid circulation pipe 65 is provided.

Further, the high temperature side heat pump 3 has a first high temperature side absorbent transfer pipe 71 for transferring the absorbing liquid from the high temperature part absorber 32 into the high temperature part regenerator 33, and the high temperature part regenerator 3.
Second absorption liquid transfer pipe 72 for transferring the absorption liquid regenerated in step 3 into the high temperature part absorber 32, and the high temperature part regenerator 33.
The refrigerant vapor separated by the heat transfer tube 3 of the high temperature condenser 34
4a, and a high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe (high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe) for transferring the refrigerant liquid condensed by the heat transfer pipe 34a into a liquid into the high temperature part evaporator 31. (Passage) 74 and a high temperature side refrigerant liquid circulation pipe 75 for circulating and supplying the refrigerant liquid at the bottom of the high temperature portion evaporator 31 to the upper portion thereof.

The absorption liquid from the low temperature part absorber 12 is first
First low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 5 transferred to the middle temperature part regenerator 21
1 and the fourth low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 54, the third low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 53 and the high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe 74, respectively, the low temperature part solution-solution heat exchanger 41, which performs heat exchange. A medium-temperature part solution-solution heat exchanger 42 and a refrigerant-solution heat exchanger 43 are provided, and high-temperature heat exchange is performed between the first high-temperature-side absorption liquid transfer pipe 71 and the second high-temperature-side absorption liquid transfer pipe 72. A partial solution-solution heat exchanger 44 is provided.

Further, a heating source of the high temperature part regenerator 33, for example, an exhaust gas pipe 76 for discharging combustion exhaust gas from the gas burner device 35 is introduced into the high temperature part evaporator 31 to form an exhaust heat recovery part 45. The heat of the exhaust gas is used for evaporation of the refrigerant to recover the heat.

Next, the drive heat source fluid and the heated fluid (cold water or hot water) in the absorption heat pump device 1
The piping system of will be described. That is, as described above, the gas burner device 35 is used as the heat source of the high temperature part regenerator 33, and this exhaust gas is introduced into the high temperature part evaporator 31 and its heat is used for the evaporation of the refrigerant liquid. ing.

Further, cooling water is used as a driving heat source fluid in the low temperature side heat pump 2, and therefore the cooling water is sequentially introduced into the heat transfer tube 12a in the low temperature part absorber 12 and the heat transfer tube 14a in the low temperature part condenser 14. A cooling water pipe 81 for supplying the water is provided.

On the other hand, the heated fluid to be heated, for example, cold water is supplied to the heat transfer pipe 11a arranged in the low temperature evaporator 11 through the cold water pipe 82. Further, an aqueous lithium bromide solution is used as the working fluid in the low temperature side heat pump 2, and an alkali metal nitrate aqueous solution is used as the working fluid in the high temperature side heat pump 3.

Next, the operation will be described. During operation of the heat pump device 1, the heat pumps 2 and 3 perform an absorption cycle of refrigerant evaporation → refrigerant absorption → absorption liquid regeneration → refrigerant condensation, and heat is transferred between predetermined devices. Further, in this heat pump device 1, as described above, water is used as the refrigerant, lithium bromide aqueous solution is used as the absorbing liquid in the low temperature side heat pump 2, and as the absorbing liquid in the high temperature side heat pump 3. Alkali metal nitric acid solution (eg LiNO ₃ , NaNO ₃ , KNO ₃ )
Dilute aqueous solution is used.

Here, the operation during cooling will be described. In the high temperature regenerator 33, a gas burner device 35 is used as a driving heat source, and as a driving heat source fluid, for example, 3
2 ° C. cooling water is supplied to the low temperature part absorber 12 and the low temperature part condenser 14 via the cooling water pipe 81, and further 12 ° C. cold water is supplied as the fluid to be heated.

First, the operation on the high temperature side heat pump 3 side will be described. The water vapor, which is the refrigerant vapor generated in the high temperature part regenerator 33 by the gas burner device 35, enters the high temperature part condenser 34 through the high temperature side refrigerant vapor transfer pipe 73, and is condensed here to become water to transfer the high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer. It enters the high temperature evaporator 31 through the pipe 74. In this high temperature part evaporator 31,
The water is heated by the heat of the refrigerant vapor flowing in the heat transfer pipe 23 a of the first intermediate temperature condenser 23 and the heat of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust heat recovery unit 45 to generate water vapor. The water vapor generated here moves to the high temperature part absorber 32 side and is absorbed by the absorbing liquid.

Then, the absorbing liquid which has absorbed the water vapor and becomes thin in concentration is transferred to the high temperature regenerator 34 through the first high temperature side absorbing liquid transfer pipe 71, where the water vapor is separated by heating. Is played.

On the other hand, the absorption liquid regenerated by the high temperature part regenerator 33 and having a high concentration is transferred into the high temperature part absorber 32 through the second high temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 72. Of course, at this time, the heat of the regenerated high-temperature absorption liquid is given to the absorption liquid from the high-temperature part absorber 32 by the high-temperature part solution-solution heat exchanger 44, and heat is recovered.

Next, the operation of the low temperature side heat pump 2 side will be described. The water transferred from the low temperature section condenser 14 is evaporated in the low temperature section evaporator 11, and this water vapor moves into the low temperature section absorber 12 and is absorbed by the absorbing liquid. Here, the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the water passes through the first low temperature side absorbing liquid transfer pipe 51 to
After being sent to the middle temperature part regenerator 21 and heated by the heat generated in the high temperature part absorber 32, it is sent to the second middle temperature part regenerator 22 and has steam flowing in the heat transfer pipe 34a of the high temperature part condenser 34. It is heated by heat.

The absorbent thus heated in two stages is
The low temperature regenerator 13 via the third low temperature side absorbent transfer pipe 53.
Be transferred to. Then, here, the water vapor evaporated in the second middle temperature section regenerator 22 passes through the first middle temperature section condenser 23, and then is transferred to the second middle temperature section condenser 24, where the absorption liquid is absorbed by the heat of the condensed water. Is heated. In addition, the water vapor evaporated in the second middle temperature unit regenerator 22 is used as the first middle temperature unit condenser 23.
When passing through, the heat of condensation is used for evaporation of water in the high temperature part evaporator 31.

Then, the water vapor evaporated in the low temperature part regenerator 13 enters the low temperature part condenser 14 and is condensed by the cooling water, and this condensed water is evaporated in the low temperature part via the third low temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe 64. It is transferred into the container 11.

On the other hand, the absorption liquid regenerated by the low temperature part regenerator 13 is transferred into the low temperature part absorber 12 via the fourth low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 54. Of course, at this time, the high temperature absorption liquid from the second middle temperature part regenerator 22 and the low temperature part regenerator 13
High temperature absorption liquid and high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe 74
The heat of each of the high temperature water flowing therein is recovered by the absorbing liquid flowing in the first low temperature side absorbing liquid transfer pipe 51 via the heat exchangers 41, 42 and 43, respectively.

Further, as described above, the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the gas burner device 35 is generated by the high temperature evaporator 3
The exhaust heat recovery unit 45 provided in the inside 1 is used for evaporation of water which is a refrigerant liquid.

By the above-mentioned operation, the cold water flowing through the heat transfer pipe 11a in the low temperature evaporator 11 is, for example, 12 ° C. to 7 ° C.
It is cooled to ℃. A Duhring diagram of the cooling cycle is shown in FIG.

According to the configuration of the heat pump device 1,
An aqueous solution of nitrate is used as the working fluid of the high temperature side heat pump 3, an aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used as the working fluid of the low temperature side heat pump 2, and the heat of the steam separated by the high temperature regenerator is transferred to the low temperature side heat pump 2
Of the second middle temperature part regenerator 22, and the heat of the steam generated in the second middle temperature part regenerator 22 is used as the driving heat source of the high temperature part evaporator 31 and the low temperature part regenerator 13. Therefore, although it is a triple-effect heat pump device, in the low temperature side heat pump 2, the transfer route of the working fluid can be set to one system, that is, it can be set to two systems as a whole. The configuration of the flow path system and the equipment is simpler than that of the transfer system having three systems.

With respect to the coefficient of performance of this configuration, for example, the COP of the conventional triple-effect heat pump device (during cooling) is about 1.15, whereas that of the heat pump device of this embodiment is 1.28 to 1. .37, and considering the refrigerant-solution heat exchanger 43 and the exhaust heat recovery part 45, the COP becomes 1.36 to 1.43, and energy can be dramatically saved.

By the way, in the above embodiment, the cooling is explained, but of course, by supplying the hot water as the fluid to be heated to the cooling water pipe 81 and the waste hot water as the heat source fluid to the cold water pipe 82, the heating is performed. Can also be used for

[0038]

As described above, according to the structure of the present invention, the heat of the steam separated by the high temperature regenerator is used as the driving heat source of the second intermediate temperature regenerator of the low temperature side heat pump,
Furthermore, since the heat of the steam generated in the second middle temperature regenerator is used as the driving heat source in the high temperature evaporator and the low temperature regenerator, it is a triple effect heat pump device, but it is a low temperature side heat pump. In this case, the flow path of the working fluid can be set to one system, that is, it can be set to two systems as a whole. Therefore, as compared with the conventional one in which the flow path of the working fluid is three systems, It is possible to simplify the configuration of the flow path system and the device.

In addition, the heat of the hot condensed water that has passed through the high temperature condenser is given to the absorbing liquid transferred from the low temperature absorber, or the heat of the exhaust gas generated in the high temperature regenerator is increased. Since the partial evaporator is used for recovery, the coefficient of performance of the device can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram showing a schematic configuration of an absorption heat pump device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a Dühring diagram showing an operating state in the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Absorption type heat pump device 2 Low temperature side heat pump 3 High temperature side heat pump 11 Low temperature evaporator 12 Low temperature absorber 13 Low temperature regenerator 14 Low temperature condenser 21 1st medium temperature regenerator 22 Second medium temperature regenerator 23 First medium temperature condenser 23a Heat transfer tube 24 Second Middle Temperature Condenser 31 High Temperature Evaporator 32 High temperature part absorber 33 High temperature part regenerator 34 High temperature condenser 34a heat transfer tube 35 Gas burner device 43 Refrigerant-solution heat exchanger 45 Exhaust heat recovery unit 51 First low temperature side absorption liquid transfer pipe 74 High temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe 76 Exhaust gas piping

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masaharu Kodera 5-3-8 Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. 3-28 Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takeshi Yano 3-28 Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture 3-28 Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (72) Tetsuro Furukawa Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture 5th-328th Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-6-235558 (JP, A) JP-A-4-268170 (JP, A) JP-A-4-369359 (JP, A) Kai 60-80061 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F25B 15/00 303 F25B 15/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A low temperature evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant vapor, and a low temperature evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant vapor, each having a low temperature side heat pump and a high temperature side heat pump for performing an absorption cycle of evaporation → absorption → regeneration → condensation. Low-temperature absorber that guides the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the low-temperature evaporator and absorbs it in the absorbing liquid, and first and second intermediate-temperature portions that guide the absorbing liquid whose concentration is low in the low-temperature absorber and sequentially heat it A regenerator, a low temperature regenerator that guides and further heats the absorbing liquid heated by the second medium temperature regenerator, and a low temperature condenser that guides and condenses the refrigerant vapor separated by the low temperature regenerator. ,
The first and second middle temperature section condensers for guiding and sequentially condensing the refrigerant vapor separated by the second middle temperature section regenerator, the high temperature side heat pump, and the heat transfer tube of the first middle temperature section condenser. It is placed inside and second to this heat transfer tube
The high temperature part evaporator which guides the refrigerant vapor separated by the middle temperature part regenerator to generate the refrigerant vapor by its heat and the heat transfer tube of the first middle temperature part regenerator are arranged inside and the high temperature part evaporator A high-temperature part absorber that guides the refrigerant vapor to be absorbed by the absorbing liquid, a high-temperature part regenerator that guides and heats the absorbing liquid that has become thinner by absorbing the refrigerant vapor in the high-temperature part absorber, and the second intermediate temperature Working fluid in a low temperature side heat pump having a heat transfer tube arranged in the partial regenerator and comprising a high temperature condenser configured to guide the refrigerant vapor separated in the high temperature regenerator to the heat transfer tube. An absorption heat pump device characterized in that an aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used as the working fluid, and an aqueous solution of nitrate is used as the working fluid in the high temperature side heat pump. 2. An exhaust heat recovery unit for applying heat to a refrigerant supplied into the high temperature evaporator is provided in the middle of an exhaust gas pipe for discharging exhaust gas from a heating source in the high temperature regenerator. The absorption heat pump device according to claim 1. 3. A high temperature side refrigerant liquid transfer pipe for transferring the refrigerant liquid from the high temperature part condenser to the high temperature part evaporator, and a low temperature side for transferring the absorption liquid from the low temperature part absorber to the first middle temperature part regenerator. The absorption heat pump device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the absorption liquid transfer pipeline.