JP3388218B2 - Digestion gas adsorption storage method - Google Patents
Digestion gas adsorption storage methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP3388218B2 JP3388218B2 JP2000067624A JP2000067624A JP3388218B2 JP 3388218 B2 JP3388218 B2 JP 3388218B2 JP 2000067624 A JP2000067624 A JP 2000067624A JP 2000067624 A JP2000067624 A JP 2000067624A JP 3388218 B2 JP3388218 B2 JP 3388218B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- digestion gas
- gas
- moisture
- digestion
- adsorption
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FXGNPUJCPZJYKO-TYYBGVCCSA-L copper;(e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O FXGNPUJCPZJYKO-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZISLUDLMVNEAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;terephthalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 ZISLUDLMVNEAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102200068707 rs281865211 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002303 thermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、生物学的処理に際
し発生する消化ガスをエネルギー源として有効に利用す
るための、消化ガスの貯蔵方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】下水処理場、食品工場、ビール製造工
場、家畜の飼育場等で生じる有機性廃棄物を生物学的に
処理すると、メタン、二酸化炭素、硫化水素等からなる
消化ガスが発生する。近年、かかる消化ガスをエネルギ
ー源として有効利用するために、例えば、生物学的処理
に際し発生する消化ガスを吸着貯蔵する消化ガスの貯蔵
方法等の技術が研究されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記技
術では、消化ガスをそのまま吸着貯蔵した場合、または
各ガス成分に分離してから吸着貯蔵した場合のいずれ
も、吸着効率が徐々に低下するため、消化ガスの大量処
理には適さないという問題を有している。
【０００４】したがって、本発明は、消化ガスをエネル
ギー源として有効に利用できるよう、消化ガスを効率よ
く吸着貯蔵する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、上記目的を
達成すべく鋭意研究した結果、消化ガスが有する水分に
着目した。そして、消化ガスから硫化水素を除去した
後、水分を除去し、その後吸着貯蔵すれば、吸着効率が
低下することなく、消化ガスを大量に処理することがで
きることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【０００６】すなわち、本発明は、生物学的処理に際し
発生する消化ガスから硫化水素を除去し、硫化水素を除
去された消化ガスを加圧して水分除去を行う脱湿機で水
分を除去し、次いで硫化水素と水分を除去した消化ガス
を吸着槽中で吸着貯蔵し、吸着されない消化ガスの一部
を前記脱湿機に還流してさらに水分を除去することを特
徴とする消化ガスの吸着貯蔵方法を提供するものであ
る。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】通常の燃料用ガスからメタンやエ
タンを吸着貯蔵する技術は知られていたが、かかる技術
を消化ガスにそのまま応用しても、吸着貯蔵効率は向上
しなかった。通常の燃料用ガスには水分がほとんど含ま
れていないため、燃料用ガスから水分を除去するという
技術思想は存在しなかった。しかるところ、本発明は、
消化ガスから水分を除去することによって消化ガスの吸
着効率を向上させることを可能にしたものであるが、消
化ガスから水分を除去することによって消化ガスの吸着
効率が向上することは、当業者といえども全く想到し得
ないことであった。
【０００８】本発明において、消化ガスは、下水処理
場、食品工場、ビール製造工場、家畜の飼育場等で生じ
る廃棄物を生物学的に処理したものであれば、廃棄物の
内容、生物学的処理の方法等に特に制限はない。消化ガ
スの組成は、一般にメタンを主成分とし、二酸化炭素、
水素、窒素、硫化水素等からなる。
【０００９】本発明の消化ガスの吸着貯蔵方法は、まず
消化ガスから硫化水素を除去する。脱硫化水素の手段と
しては、乾式脱硫法と湿式脱硫法がある。乾式脱硫法に
は成形脱硫剤式が多く使用されている。成形脱硫剤式
は、鉄粉、粘土等でペレット状にした成形脱硫剤を脱硫
塔内に充填し、消化ガスと接触させるものであり、取り
出した使用済みの脱硫剤は処分する。湿式脱硫法には、
水洗浄式、アルカリ洗浄式及び薬液再生式がある。この
うち、水洗浄式は、下水処理の場合は下水処理水、その
他の処理場の場合は井戸水、工業用水又は水道水と、消
化ガスとを向流接触させるものである。脱硫時の温度及
び圧力は、消化ガス発生状態そのままでもよく、特に制
限はない。
【００１０】硫化水素を除去した後、消化ガスから水分
を除去する。水分の除去は、消化ガスを加圧して行うこ
とが好ましい。具体的には、脱硫時の圧力そのままで、
又は消化ガスをコンプレッサー等で吸着貯蔵させようと
する圧力に調整して水分を除去することが好ましい。水
分除去の方法としては、例えば吸着材により水分を吸着
させる方法、機械的に除湿する方法等が挙げられる。こ
のうち、水分除去効率向上の観点から、機械的除湿方法
が好ましく、冷凍雰囲気下で除湿する方法が特に好まし
い。
【００１１】水分除去により、消化ガス中の水蒸気圧
は、吸着させようとする圧力において露点１０℃以下相
当の９．２ｍｍＨｇ、特に０℃以下相当の４．６ｍｍＨ
ｇが好ましい。露点０℃以下とすることにより、消化ガ
スの吸着効率がさらに向上する。水蒸気圧は、除湿機に
導入する消化ガスの流量によってコントロールすること
ができる。
【００１２】次いで、硫化水素と水分を除去した消化ガ
スを吸着貯蔵する。吸着貯蔵の方法に特に制限はない
が、例えば吸着材が充填された吸着槽に消化ガスを通
し、吸着させ、貯蔵する方法等が挙げられる。吸着材と
しては、例えば活性炭、人工ゼオライト、天然ゼオライ
ト、シリカゲル、有機金属錯体（フマル酸銅、テレフタ
ル酸銅等）が挙げられ、これらを１種又は２種以上用い
ることができる。吸着材として活性炭等を用いる場合、
通常ガス処理に用いられる比表面積１０００ｍ2／ｇ程
度、細孔径２０Å以下、細孔容積０．２〜１．０ｍｌ／
ｇが好ましい。吸着時の温度、圧力に特に制限はない
が、温度は好ましくは外気温以下がよい。圧力は常圧以
上、特に常圧〜２Ｍｐａが好ましい。かかる消化ガスを
吸着する一連の工程を図１に示す。
【００１３】活性炭等は、雰囲気の相対湿度が４０％を
超えると、急速に水分を吸収し、これが消化ガスの吸着
の妨げとなる。また、任意圧力下で水分を含む消化ガス
を吸着した吸着材は、大気圧開放又は減圧されて吸着物
質の大部分を脱離した後も、水分をほとんど脱離しない
ため、その後の吸着操作の際は水分が吸着されず、吸着
材の周囲に取り残され、結露の原因となる。結露した水
は、吸着材の表面を覆い、吸着性を著しく低下させる。
したがって、消化ガスの吸着は、水分を除去しながら行
うことが好ましい。水分を除去する方法としては、吸着
貯蔵を行う吸着槽中で吸着されていない消化ガスの一部
を、コンプレッサー等を用いて水分除去を行う脱湿機に
還流し、脱湿機で水分を除去する方法が特に好ましい。
水分を除去された消化ガスは、再び吸着槽に送られ吸着
される。このときの水分除去は、上記と同様に、冷凍除
湿により行うことが特に好ましい。消化ガスの一部を還
流して脱湿する工程を含む、消化ガスを吸着する一連の
工程を図２に示す。
【００１４】吸着された消化ガスは、例えば消化ガスを
発生させる消化槽の加温に用いられる。しかしこの場
合、気候や消化処理される廃棄物の性質によっては、消
化槽の加温に消化ガスの全発生量を必要とせず、消化ガ
スが余剰となるという問題がある。また、吸着された消
化ガスは、パイプラインによって燃料消費地へ移送され
る場合がある。しかし、消化ガス発生場所からのパイプ
ライン移送が経済的に採算がとれない場合もある。した
がって、消化ガスを吸着する消化槽は、可搬式、すなわ
ち吸着槽のガス配管や架台がシステムから着脱可能であ
り、吸着槽が燃料需要地の所在にかかわらず効率的に輸
送できるものであることが好ましい。可搬式吸着槽は、
トラック等の輸送車両によって搬送可能であれば、形状
に特に制限はない。
【００１５】また、目的量の消化ガスを吸着貯蔵するた
めに、吸着槽は、小容量のものを複数使用するか、目的
量を満たす容量のものを１つ使用するか、いずれでもよ
い。前者の場合、吸着槽を規格品にすることによりコス
トダウンが可能となり、また小型であるため可搬式にし
やすく、利用者によるメンテナンスの負担が軽い等の利
点がある。後者の場合、設置面積が少なくてすむという
利点がある。
【００１６】本発明においては、消化ガスの熱エネルギ
ーとしての効率利用を図る観点から、吸着前に消化ガス
から二酸化炭素を除去しておくことが好ましい。脱二酸
化炭素は、脱硫化水素の後、水分除去の前に行うことが
好ましい。
【００１７】脱二酸化炭素の手段としては、例えば活性
炭、ゼオライト、金属酸化物等の二酸化炭素吸着材が充
填された吸着塔に通す方法；気体分離膜を用いて真空で
脱気する方法；多孔質中空糸膜を用いて分離する方法等
が挙げられる。このうち、二酸化炭素を選択的に除去で
き、かつコンパクトで経済的であることから、多孔質中
空糸膜、特に疎水性中空糸膜を用いることが好ましい。
【００１８】疎水性中空糸膜を用いて、消化ガスから二
酸化炭素を除去する原理について説明する。水中に、疎
水性中空糸を２本（ガス供給用及び回収用）置く。中空
糸は疎水性であるため、水はその中に入ってこない。供
給用の中空糸に高濃度の消化ガス（硫化水素を除去した
後のもの）を流し、回収用の中空糸内はガス濃度を低濃
度に保っておく。二酸化炭素は、他のガス成分と比べて
水に対する溶解性が高い。このため、二酸化炭素は、他
のガス成分よりも大量に、中空糸膜の微小孔を通って水
中に拡散、溶解する。そして、回収用中空糸膜に達した
二酸化炭素は、逆の過程を経て回収される。中空糸膜
は、多くの市販品（例えば、ＮＯＫ（株）製脱気膜モジ
ュール）があり、それらのいずれを用いてもよい。
【００１９】本発明において、疎水性中空糸膜を用い
て、硫化水素を除去した消化ガスから二酸化炭素を除去
するための好ましい態様を以下に示す。図４は、該態様
を実施するための概略説明図である。吸収部２及び放散
部３はポンプ４を介して水が循環している。硫化水素を
除去した消化ガスを、吸収部２内の中空糸膜（図示しな
い）に送る。二酸化炭素は、吸収部２内の水中に大量に
溶け込み、二酸化炭素含量の少なくなった消化ガスが排
気される。水中に溶け込んだ二酸化炭素は、ポンプ４を
介して放散部３に送られる。放散部３に送られた二酸化
炭素は、放散部３内の中空糸膜（図示しない）に回収さ
れて排気される。消化ガスの一部を還流して脱湿する工
程及び二酸化炭素を除去する工程を含む、消化ガスを吸
着する一連の工程を図３に示す。
【００２０】本発明においては、硫化水素を除去した
後、二酸化炭素及び水分を除去する前に、消化ガスに含
まれるメタンガスを水素に改質することもできる。改質
を行うことにより、一酸化炭素と水素が効率よく製造さ
れるため、得られた吸着貯蔵消化ガスは、燃料電池用原
料として有用である。改質は、熱改質、触媒改質等の常
法にしたがって行うことができる。
【００２１】
【発明の効果】本発明の方法は、消化ガスから水分を除
去するという全く新しい消化ガスの吸着貯蔵方法であ
り、消化ガスを効率よく貯蔵することが可能となり、生
物学的処理設備の規模に無関係に、消化ガス中の有効成
分をほぼ全量利用し得ることが可能となつた。水分の除
去は、加圧して、冷凍除湿により行うとより効果的であ
る。また、吸着中にも水分除去を行うこと、特に吸着槽
中で吸着されていない消化ガスを脱湿槽に還流して水分
除去を行うと、さらに効果的である。また、水分除去の
前に、消化ガス中の二酸化炭素を、特に中空糸膜を用い
て除去すれば、消化ガス中の有効成分をさらに効率よく
貯蔵することができる。さらに、水分等除去の前に、消
化ガスに含まれるメタンガスを改質処理すると、貯蔵消
化ガスは、燃料電池用原料として用いることができる。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a digestion gas storage method for effectively using digestion gas generated during biological treatment as an energy source. [0002] Digestion gas composed of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc., when organic waste generated in sewage treatment plants, food factories, beer factories, livestock breeding plants, etc. is biologically treated. Will occur. In recent years, in order to effectively use such digestion gas as an energy source, for example, a technique such as a digestion gas storage method for adsorbing and storing digestion gas generated during biological treatment has been studied. [0003] However, in the above technique, the adsorption efficiency gradually decreases both when the digestion gas is adsorbed and stored as it is or when it is separated into each gas component and adsorbed and stored. Therefore, it has a problem that it is not suitable for a large amount of digestion gas processing. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently absorbing and storing digestion gas so that the digestion gas can be effectively used as an energy source. As a result of intensive research aimed at achieving the above object, the present inventor has paid attention to moisture contained in digestion gas. And after removing hydrogen sulfide from digestion gas, if water | moisture content was removed and it absorbed and stored after that, it discovered that digestion gas could be processed in large quantities, without reducing adsorption efficiency, and completed this invention. That is, the present invention removes hydrogen sulfide from digestion gas generated during biological treatment, and removes hydrogen sulfide.
Digestion gas from which water was removed with a dehumidifier that removes moisture by pressurizing the remaining digestion gas and then removed hydrogen sulfide and moisture
The adsorbed stored in the adsorption vessel, a part of the digestion gas unadsorbed
The present invention provides a method for adsorbing and storing digestion gas , wherein the moisture is further removed by recirculating the gas to the dehumidifier . DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Although a technique for adsorbing and storing methane and ethane from ordinary fuel gas has been known, even if such a technique is directly applied to digestion gas, the adsorption storage efficiency is not improved. It was. Since ordinary fuel gas contains almost no moisture, there has been no technical idea of removing moisture from the fuel gas. However, the present invention
Although it is possible to improve the digestion gas adsorption efficiency by removing moisture from the digestion gas, the fact that the digestion gas adsorption efficiency is improved by removing moisture from the digestion gas is However, it was unthinkable. [0008] In the present invention, the digestion gas is the waste content, biology as long as it is a biological treatment of the waste generated in a sewage treatment plant, food factory, beer factory, livestock breeding plant, etc. There is no particular limitation on the method of the general treatment. The composition of digestion gas is generally composed mainly of methane, carbon dioxide,
It consists of hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and the like. The digestion gas adsorption storage method of the present invention first removes hydrogen sulfide from the digestion gas. As means for desulfurizing hydrogen, there are a dry desulfurization method and a wet desulfurization method. Many dry desulfurization methods use molded desulfurization agents. In the molded desulfurizing agent type, a pelletized desulfurizing agent filled with iron powder, clay or the like is charged into a desulfurization tower and brought into contact with digestion gas. The used desulfurized agent taken out is disposed of. For wet desulfurization,
There are water washing type, alkali washing type and chemical solution regeneration type. Among them, the water washing type is a method in which sewage treated water is treated in the case of sewage treatment, and well water, industrial water or tap water is brought in countercurrent contact with digestion gas in the case of other treatment plants. The temperature and pressure at the time of desulfurization may be as they are in the digestion gas generation state, and are not particularly limited. After removing hydrogen sulfide, moisture is removed from the digestion gas. It is preferable to remove moisture by pressurizing digestion gas. Specifically, with the pressure at the time of desulfurization as it is,
Alternatively, it is preferable to remove moisture by adjusting the digestion gas to a pressure for adsorbing and storing it with a compressor or the like. Examples of the method for removing moisture include a method for adsorbing moisture with an adsorbent and a method for mechanically dehumidifying. Among these, from the viewpoint of improving water removal efficiency, a mechanical dehumidification method is preferable, and a method of dehumidification in a frozen atmosphere is particularly preferable. By removing water, the water vapor pressure in the digestion gas is 9.2 mmHg corresponding to a dew point of 10 ° C. or lower, particularly 4.6 mmH corresponding to 0 ° C. or lower at the pressure to be adsorbed.
g is preferred. By setting the dew point to 0 ° C. or lower, the digestion gas adsorption efficiency is further improved. The water vapor pressure can be controlled by the flow rate of digestion gas introduced into the dehumidifier. Then, the digestion gas from which hydrogen sulfide and moisture have been removed is adsorbed and stored. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the method of adsorption | suction storage, For example, the method etc. which pass a digestion gas to the adsorption tank filled with the adsorbent, make it adsorb | suck, and store are mentioned. Examples of the adsorbent include activated carbon, artificial zeolite, natural zeolite, silica gel, and organometallic complexes (copper fumarate, copper terephthalate, etc.), and one or more of these can be used. When using activated carbon as an adsorbent,
A specific surface area of about 1000 m 2 / g usually used for gas treatment, a pore diameter of 20 mm or less, a pore volume of 0.2 to 1.0 ml /
g is preferred. There are no particular restrictions on the temperature and pressure during adsorption, but the temperature is preferably below the ambient temperature. The pressure is preferably equal to or higher than normal pressure, particularly normal pressure to 2 MPa. A series of steps for adsorbing such digestion gas is shown in FIG. Activated carbon or the like rapidly absorbs moisture when the relative humidity of the atmosphere exceeds 40%, which hinders digestion gas adsorption. In addition, an adsorbent that adsorbs digestion gas containing moisture under an arbitrary pressure hardly desorbs moisture even after the atmospheric pressure is released or depressurized and most of the adsorbed material is desorbed. In this case, moisture is not adsorbed and is left around the adsorbent, causing condensation. The condensed water covers the surface of the adsorbent and significantly reduces the adsorptivity.
Therefore, it is preferable to perform digestion gas adsorption while removing moisture. As a method of removing moisture, a part of digestion gas that is not adsorbed in the adsorption tank that performs adsorption storage is returned to a dehumidifier that removes moisture using a compressor, etc., and the moisture is removed by the dehumidifier. This method is particularly preferred.
The digestion gas from which moisture has been removed is sent again to the adsorption tank and adsorbed. The water removal at this time is particularly preferably performed by freezing and dehumidifying, as described above. FIG. 2 shows a series of steps for adsorbing digestion gas, including a step of dehumidifying a part of digestion gas by refluxing. The adsorbed digestion gas is used, for example, for heating a digestion tank that generates digestion gas. However, in this case, depending on the climate and the nature of the waste to be digested, there is a problem that the digestion gas becomes excessive without heating the digestion tank to the total amount of digestion gas. Moreover, the adsorbed digestion gas may be transferred to a fuel consumption area by a pipeline. However, there are cases where the pipeline transfer from the digestion gas generation site is not economically profitable. Therefore, the digestion tank that adsorbs digestion gas is portable, that is, the gas piping and mount of the adsorption tank can be detached from the system, and the adsorption tank can be efficiently transported regardless of the location of the fuel demand area. Is preferred. The portable adsorption tank is
The shape is not particularly limited as long as it can be transported by a transport vehicle such as a truck. Further, in order to adsorb and store a target amount of digestion gas, the adsorption tank may use a plurality of small-capacity tanks or one having a capacity satisfying the target amount. In the former case, it is possible to reduce the cost by making the adsorption tank a standard product, and it is advantageous in that it is easy to be portable because it is small and the burden of maintenance by the user is light. In the latter case, there is an advantage that an installation area is small. In the present invention, it is preferable to remove carbon dioxide from the digestion gas before adsorption from the viewpoint of efficient use of digestion gas as thermal energy. The carbon dioxide removal is preferably performed after desulfurization and before water removal. As a means for removing carbon dioxide, for example, a method of passing through an adsorption tower filled with a carbon dioxide adsorbent such as activated carbon, zeolite, metal oxide, etc .; a method of degassing in a vacuum using a gas separation membrane; Examples include a method of separating using a hollow fiber membrane. Among these, it is preferable to use a porous hollow fiber membrane, particularly a hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane, because carbon dioxide can be selectively removed and it is compact and economical. The principle of removing carbon dioxide from digestion gas using a hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane will be described. Two hydrophobic hollow fibers (for gas supply and recovery) are placed in water. Since the hollow fiber is hydrophobic, water does not enter it. A high-concentration digestion gas (after removing hydrogen sulfide) is allowed to flow through the supply hollow fiber, and the gas concentration is kept low in the recovery hollow fiber. Carbon dioxide has a higher solubility in water than other gas components. For this reason, carbon dioxide diffuses and dissolves in water through the micropores of the hollow fiber membrane in a larger amount than other gas components. And the carbon dioxide which reached the hollow fiber membrane for recovery is recovered through the reverse process. There are many commercially available hollow fiber membranes (for example, a degassing membrane module manufactured by NOK Corporation), and any of them may be used. In the present invention, a preferred embodiment for removing carbon dioxide from a digestion gas from which hydrogen sulfide has been removed using a hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane is shown below. FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram for carrying out the embodiment. The absorption unit 2 and the diffusion unit 3 are circulated through a pump 4. The digestion gas from which hydrogen sulfide has been removed is sent to a hollow fiber membrane (not shown) in the absorption section 2. Carbon dioxide dissolves in a large amount in the water in the absorption section 2, and the digestion gas having a reduced carbon dioxide content is exhausted. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is sent to the diffusion unit 3 via the pump 4. The carbon dioxide sent to the diffusion unit 3 is collected by a hollow fiber membrane (not shown) in the diffusion unit 3 and exhausted. FIG. 3 shows a series of steps for adsorbing digestion gas, including a step of refluxing a part of the digestion gas to dehumidify and a step of removing carbon dioxide. In the present invention, methane gas contained in digestion gas can be reformed to hydrogen after removing hydrogen sulfide and before removing carbon dioxide and moisture. Since carbon monoxide and hydrogen are efficiently produced by reforming, the obtained adsorption storage digestion gas is useful as a raw material for fuel cells. The reforming can be performed according to a conventional method such as thermal reforming or catalytic reforming. The method of the present invention is a completely new digestion gas adsorption storage method for removing moisture from digestion gas, which enables efficient storage of digestion gas, and biological treatment equipment. It has become possible to use almost all of the active ingredients in the digestion gas regardless of the scale of the gas. It is more effective to remove moisture by applying pressure and freezing and dehumidifying. Further, it is more effective to remove the moisture during the adsorption, and particularly to remove the moisture by returning the digestion gas not adsorbed in the adsorption tank to the dehumidifying tank. Moreover, if carbon dioxide in the digestion gas is removed using a hollow fiber membrane before removing water, the active ingredient in the digestion gas can be stored more efficiently. Furthermore, if the methane gas contained in the digestion gas is reformed before removing moisture and the like, the stored digestion gas can be used as a fuel cell raw material.
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 消化ガスを吸着貯蔵するための工程図であ
る。
【図２】 消化ガスを吸着貯蔵するための工程図であ
る。
【図３】 消化ガスを吸着貯蔵するための工程図であ
る。
【図４】 消化ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するための、
装置の一例を示した概略説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１：二酸化炭素除去装置
２：吸収部
３：放散部
４：ポンプBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a process diagram for adsorbing and storing digestion gas. FIG. 2 is a process diagram for adsorbing and storing digestion gas. FIG. 3 is a process diagram for adsorbing and storing digestion gas. FIG. 4 for removing carbon dioxide from digestion gas
It is the schematic explanatory drawing which showed an example of the apparatus. [Explanation of Symbols] 1: Carbon dioxide removal device 2: Absorbing unit 3: Dissipating unit 4: Pump
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平11−344200（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−258959（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平11−270794（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開2001−182897（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F17C 11/00 B01D 53/26,53/34 C01B 3/38 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ----- Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-11-344200 (JP, A) JP-A-61-258959 (JP, A) JP-A-11-270794 (JP, A) JP-A-2001-182897 (JP, A) (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) F17C 11/00 B01D 53 / 26,53 / 34 C01B 3/38
Claims (1)
ら硫化水素を除去し、硫化水素を除去された消化ガスを
加圧して水分除去を行う脱湿機で水分を除去し、次いで
硫化水素と水分を除去した消化ガスを吸着槽中で吸着貯
蔵し、吸着されない消化ガスの一部を前記脱湿機に還流
してさらに水分を除去することを特徴とする消化ガスの
吸着貯蔵方法。(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] Digestion gas generated during biological treatment ?
It was removed et hydrogen sulfide, a digestion gas which is removed hydrogen sulfide
Remove moisture with a dehumidifier that removes moisture by pressurization , then
Digested gas from which hydrogen sulfide and water have been removed is stored in an adsorption tank, and a portion of the undigested digested gas is returned to the dehumidifier.
And further removing moisture, the digestion gas adsorption storage method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000067624A JP3388218B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Digestion gas adsorption storage method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000067624A JP3388218B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Digestion gas adsorption storage method |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002079779A Division JP3949478B2 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2002-03-20 | Digestion gas adsorption storage method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001254896A JP2001254896A (en) | 2001-09-21 |
| JP3388218B2 true JP3388218B2 (en) | 2003-03-17 |
Family
ID=18586784
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000067624A Expired - Lifetime JP3388218B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Digestion gas adsorption storage method |
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| JP (1) | JP3388218B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4573519B2 (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2010-11-04 | 富士電機システムズ株式会社 | Biogas power generator |
| JP5248352B2 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2013-07-31 | 住友重機械エンバイロメント株式会社 | Gas purification equipment |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001182897A (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-06 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Adsorption type pressure vessel for reserving digestion gas |
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2000
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001182897A (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-06 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Adsorption type pressure vessel for reserving digestion gas |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001254896A (en) | 2001-09-21 |
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