JP3390785B2 - Cutting tool - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] [Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutting tool, of the preferred cutting tool for use in performing the gear-type cutting machining with Ma Shiningusen data Things. 2. Description of the Related Art A gear machining using a pinion cutter is a shaping process for transferring a gear of a pinion cutter unlike a normal cutting process. Therefore, a special gear shaping machine is usually used. Done. In this gear shaping machine, a cutting tool to which a pinion cutter is attached is mounted on a main shaft that can be driven forward and reverse. [0003] The gear machining method using the pinion cutter is as follows.
Since it is limited to a dedicated gear shaping machine, in order to complete the workpiece when drilling and gear machining coexist in the workpiece, two machining tools, a machining center and a gear shaping machine, are required. Machines are required. As described above, in the combined machining, a large amount of cost is required for a plurality of devices, their installation space, transportation between the devices, setup change of each device, and the like. It has become. [0004] In view of this, attempts have been made to perform gear shaping in a machining center (for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-377237). Generally, a tool holder 51 used in a machining center includes, as shown in FIG.
And a holder 54 to which the cutter 55 is attached. In the above-described conventional example, when gear shaping is performed by a machining center, the tool holder 5
A pinion cutter 55 is attached to the tip of the holder 54, and the pinion cutter 55 is rotated while moving up and down, and the workpiece W is circularly interpolated around the pinion cutter 55 while being synchronized with the rotation. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 8, the gear is formed only by moving the workpiece W in parallel without rotating it. That is, by rotating the workpiece W relative to the pinion cutter 55 in a circular arc interpolation and rotating the pinion cutter 55 at a constant common ratio, the workpiece W is only translated and not rotated. Thus, a gear can be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W. [0005] By the way, when performing the gear shaping process, in order to cool the cutting surface, remove cutting chips, and ensure the smoothness of the cutting surface, liquid, It is necessary to inject coolant such as gas. In a conventional gear shaping machine, a nozzle is fixed at a position close to a pinion cutter, and a coolant such as a liquid is injected to a cutting portion by the pinion cutter. However,
In the case of performing the gear shaping by the machining center as described above, the cutting portion moves with the rotation of the pinion cutter 55 and the movement by the circular interpolation motion. Will not be injected. In addition, if the nozzle is provided so as to be able to move near the outer peripheral portion of the pinion cutter in order to inject the coolant to the cutting portion, the coolant can be reliably supplied, but interference between the nozzle and other members occurs. There is a possibility that the mechanism and members for movement may increase the cost of the entire apparatus. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the cost of the apparatus and to reduce the cost even if the cutter moves by the cutter. An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of accurately injecting coolant. Means and effects for solving the problems
Is a tool holder 5 mounted on a processing machine,
In a cutting tool comprising a cutter 7 attached to a tip side of a tool holder 5, the processing machine is a machining center.
And has a main shaft 2 that is driven to rotate.
The main spindle 2 and the workpiece W are positioned relative to each other in three orthogonal axes directions.
The cutting tool is
The cutter 7 is attached to the spindle 2.
A pinion cutter is provided, and the spindle 2 is moved with respect to the workpiece W.
Main spindle 2 is kept constant while relatively performing circular interpolation motion
With the above-mentioned circular interpolation motion at the common ratio of
The spindle 2 is reciprocated in the axial direction to
It is configured to perform gear machining with the on-cutter 7, and
Is provided with a nozzle 32 for injecting coolant toward the cutting teeth 7d of the pinion cutter 7.
Is rotatably supported on the distal axial center of the tool holder 5 so as to rotate by a reaction force of the coolant injection, the
With the nozzle 32, the cutting tooth 7d
It is characterized by being configured to inject coolant . In the cutting tool of the first aspect, the nozzle 3
Because 2 is rotatably supported, by the rotation of the nozzle 32, Ru can be injected coolant extensively.
For this reason , the pinion cutter 7 is attached to the machining center
When gear cutting is performed, even if the cutting portion by the cutting teeth 7d of the pinion cutter 7 moves, the coolant can be accurately injected to the cutting portion . In addition, the nozzle 32
Rotation uses the reaction force of coolant injection,
It is not necessary to separately provide a member for rotating the nozzle, and it is possible to suppress a high product cost due to the addition of the function. others
Therefore, supply means, nozzles, etc. should not be provided outside the equipment.
Cooling the cut part accurately from the inside of the pinion cutter 7
can do. Next, a specific embodiment of a cutting tool according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a machining center as a processing machine to which a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting tool according to the embodiment. A machining center on which the cutting tool 1 is mounted is connected to a placing and moving mechanism 41 on which the workpiece W can be placed and moved in the horizontal direction, and the spindle 2 and the spindle head 4 of the machining center are brought into contact with the workpiece W. And a processing unit moving mechanism 44 that moves so as to be separated. As shown in FIG. 1, the mounting and moving mechanism 41 is provided on a base B so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and is provided on the Y-axis table 42 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. X-axis table 43 provided,
The workpiece W is fixed to the X-axis table 43, whereby the workpiece W is movably mounted in the horizontal direction. The processing unit moving mechanism 44 has a Z-axis slider 46 mounted on a column 45 of the machining center so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). As shown in FIG. 2, the main shaft 2 that can be driven forward and reverse and the main shaft head 4 that rotatably supports the main shaft 2 with rolling bearings 3, 3 are attached to the Z-axis slider 46, as shown in FIG. And
When the Z-axis slider 46 moves up and down, the main shaft 2
It is provided so as to come into contact with and separate from the workpiece W placed on the shaft table 43. Also, as shown in FIG.
Axis table 43, Y-axis table 42 and Z-axis slider 4
The motors 43M, 42M, 46M for driving the motor 6 and the motor 2M for rotating the main shaft 2 are connected to a controller 47, respectively. Rotation is controlled. Also, each motor 43M.
3E, 42E, 46E, and 2E are mounted, and the encoders 43E detect the rotation angles of the motors 43M and output information on the rotation angles to the control device 47. The cutting tool 1 attached to the machining center is generally composed of a tool holder 5 and a pinion cutter 7, as shown in FIG. Tool holder 5
A pinion cutter 7 is attached to the distal end side by a cutter clamp bolt 8, and a proximal end side is attached to the main shaft 2 by a tapered structure. The tool holder 5 comprises a shank 9 attached to the main shaft 2 and a holder 10 to which the pinion cutter 7 is attached. At the base end of the shank part 9,
The pull bolt 14 is fixed.
A tapered portion 15 is formed on the distal end side. The tapered portion 15 of the shank portion 9 is fitted to the tapered portion 2a of the main shaft 2 by pulling the pull bolt 14 by a pulling mechanism (not shown). The tool holder 5 is provided with a pinion cutter 7 for shaping a workpiece W into a gear. The pinion cutter 7 is shown in FIGS.
(A) As shown in (b), an upper surface portion 7b having a hole 7a concentric with the axis, and a cylindrical portion 7c provided substantially parallel to the axis from the periphery of the upper surface portion 7b toward the distal end side. And a cutting tooth 7d protruding in the outer peripheral direction from the cylindrical portion 7c. A bolt 8 is inserted into the hole 7a of the upper surface portion 7b, and the bolt 8 is inserted into the female screw portion of the tool holder 5 at the base end side. It is attached to the tool holder 5 by being screwed into 5b. On the upper surface 7b of the pinion cutter 7, a groove 7e is formed on the base end side.
By mounting the detent key 40 between e and the groove 5c formed in the tool holder 5, relative rotation with the tool holder 5 is regulated. Further, the cutting teeth 7d of the pinion cutter 7
Has a tooth shape that meshes with the gear shape to be formed on the workpiece W, and the cutting teeth 7d are rotated relative to the workpiece W to perform cutting, whereby the involute tooth profile is formed on the workpiece W. Can be formed. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 (a) and 5 (b), the inside of the pinion cutter 7 is provided with a liquid or atomized liquid for cooling and lubricating the cutting surface and removing cutting chips. A nozzle 32 for injecting gaseous coolant is provided. The nozzle 32 is supported by the tool holder 5 via a support structure 33 so as to be rotatable around an axis.
The rotation axis of the nozzle 32 is provided coaxially with the rotation axis of the pinion cutter 7 (tool holder 5). Further, the nozzle 32 is provided so as to rotate by the reaction force of the coolant injection. That is,
As shown in FIG. 4, the direction in which the reaction force of the injection acts on the rotation axis does not act on the rotation axis, and the nozzle 32 acts on a position shifted from the rotation axis. It is provided in such a shape that it can be used. Specifically, the nozzle 32 has a hanging part 32 a supported by the support structure 33.
And a horizontal portion 32b bent from the hanging portion 32a in a direction perpendicular to the axis, and an injection portion 32c bent horizontally from the horizontal portion 32b as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 (a) and 5 (b), the support structure 33 of the nozzle 32 has a nozzle collar in which the nozzle 32 is inserted and which is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle 32 by brazing or the like. 34, and a plate 35 which is non-detachably and rotatably mounted on the base end side of the nozzle collar 34. A nut 38 is screwed to the nozzle collar 34 via a washer 37 on the base end side of the plate 35, thereby holding the plate 35 undetachably. As described above, the cutter clamp bolt 8 having the male thread 8a at the base end thereof is screwed to the female thread 5b formed at the distal end of the tool holder 5. Attach the plate 35 to the bolt 8
Are fixed by screws 36 or the like. 3 and FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are attached to the shaft center of the cutter clamp bolt 8.
As shown in FIG. 7, a space 8b capable of accommodating the nut 38 and the washer 37 is formed. Further, a hole 7a of the pinion cutter 7 is provided so that an end on the base end side of the cutter clamp bolt 8 can be inserted thereinto, and the tool holder 5 is screwed to the external thread 8a of the cutter clamp bolt 8. A space portion 5a having a female screw portion 5b formed on the inner wall is formed, and an end (inflow port) of the nozzle 32 is provided so as to protrude into the space portion 5a. As shown in FIG. 2, a supply path 39 for supplying coolant to the nozzle 32 is formed through the inside of the tool holder 5. This supply path 39 is
The outlet 39 a is exposed in the space 5 a of the tool holder 5 in which the end (inlet) of the nozzle 32 is accommodated so as to face the end of the nozzle 32. The supply passage 39 penetrates from the outlet 39 a to the holder 10 and the shank 9, and is provided so that the inlet 39 b is exposed on the pull bolt 14. For this reason, the coolant supplied from the machining center flows out into the space 5 a of the tool holder 5 through the supply path 39, and the coolant flowing out into this space 5 a flows into the inlet of the nozzle 32, 32c. As shown in FIG. 8, when the gear cutting is performed by the machining center to which the cutting tool 1 is attached, as shown in FIG. By synchronizing the rotation with the rotation, the periphery of the pinion cutter 7 is circularly interpolated to form a gear by simply moving the workpiece W in parallel without rotating it. That is, by rotating the workpiece W relative to the pinion cutter 7 in a circular arc and synchronously rotating the rotation speed of the pinion cutter 7 at a constant common ratio, the workpiece W is simply translated and not rotated. Thus, a gear can be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W. As described above, the rotation of the pinion cutter 7 and the relative revolution of the workpiece W cause the cutting portion to rotate around the axis. However, the cutting portion is provided with a coolant from the nozzle rotating inside the pinion cutter 7. Can be sprayed,
Thereby, cooling of the cutting portion, removal of cutting chips, and securing of lubricity of the cutting portion are achieved. In particular, since the nozzle 32 is provided so as to rotate around the axis by the reaction force of the coolant injection, the coolant is injected from the axis toward the entire periphery, and is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the pinion cutter 7. Coolant can be sprayed on each of the cut teeth 7d. Since the reaction of the coolant is utilized for the rotation of the nozzle 32 as described above, there is no need to provide a separate motor for rotating the nozzle. Further, since the nozzle 32 is provided on the axial center side of the cutting teeth 7d, the coolant can be sprayed accurately and easily toward each cutting tooth 7d on the outer peripheral portion of the pinion cutter 7 by rotating. In addition, there is no need to provide the nozzle 32, the coolant supply unit, and the like outside the pinion cutter 7. Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the present invention. In other words , the nozzle 32 is
The shape that rotates is limited to that of the above embodiment.
Instead of, for example, the nozzle 32
The nozzle 3 can be provided in a curved shape.
2 from the hanging part 32a to form two jetting parts 32c.
It is also possible to open. Further, in the above embodiment,
Moves the injection part 32c from the horizontal part 32b in the horizontal direction (with the axis
(Direction in the vertical plane)
However, for example, the injection part 32c is moved upward (from the horizontal part 32b
It is also possible to provide a slight inclination on the end side).
You. Further, the means for supplying the coolant to the nozzle 32 is not limited to that of the above-described embodiment, and even when the supply passage 39 is formed inside the tool holder 5, the coolant is supplied up to the pull bolt 14. Instead, for example, an inlet of the supply passage 39 may be formed on a side portion of the shank portion 9.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a machining center to which a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is an enlarged bottom view of a main part of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. 5A and 5B are views showing a nozzle support structure in a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view, and FIG.
Is a bottom view thereof. FIGS. 6A and 6B are views showing a structure on a tool holder side of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG.
(B) is a bottom view thereof. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a conventional cutting tool. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a case where a pinion cutter and a workpiece are rotated and relatively revolved to perform gear shaping. [Description of Signs] 1 Cutting tool 2 Main shaft 5 Tool holder 7 Pinion cutter (Cutter) 7d Cutting tooth 8 Cutter clamp bolt 9 Shank section 10 Holder section 32 Nozzle 32a Hanging section 32b Horizontal section 32c Spray section 33 Supporting structure 34 Nozzle collar 35 Plate 39 supply path

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Claims (1)

(1) A tool holder (5) mounted on a processing machine.
And a cutter (7) attached to the tip side of the tool holder (5) .
The main spindle (2) which is a thinning center and is rotationally driven
The main spindle in three orthogonal directions including the main spindle (2).
(2) and the workpiece (W) are configured to be capable of relative position control.
And the cutting tool is attached to the spindle (2)
And pinion mosquitoes as cutters (7)
And the spindle (2) with respect to the workpiece (W).
The main spindle (2) is moved one by one while relatively performing circular interpolation motion.
While rotating synchronously with the circular interpolation motion at a fixed common ratio,
By reciprocating the main shaft (2) in its axial direction,
Gearing with a pinion cutter (7)
And cutting teeth (7) of the pinion cutter (7).
A nozzle (32) for injecting a coolant toward d) is provided, and the nozzle (32) is rotated by a reaction force of the coolant ejection so that the tip shaft of the tool holder (5) is rotated.
It is rotatably supported by the core, and is supported by the nozzle (32).
To the cutting teeth (7d)
A cutting tool, characterized in that the cutting tool is configured to inject oil.