JP3393232B2 - Floating breakwater - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a floating breakwater, which is installed on a water surface in a floating state by a floating member and attenuates wave energy to break the wave.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a wave-dissipating device for attenuating the energy of waves rushing from the open sea to dissipate the wave, there is one called a floating breakwater installed in a floating state on the water surface.

The floating breakwater is equipped with a floating member (float) and is installed in a floating state on the water surface to reflect waves and
It is configured to generate a phase difference in the water retaining chamber provided inside and to dissipate the wave using friction or the like.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross sectional view of an example thereof.
The illustrated floating breakwater is provided with a float a in the center thereof, and reflectors b are arranged on both sides of the float a with a predetermined space therebetween, and a water retaining chamber c of a predetermined volume is formed between the float a and the reflector b. Although not shown, it is connected by a chain to an anchor block arranged at the bottom of the water and arranged.

In this structure, the reflecting plate b and the float a reflect the wave, and the phase difference between the incident wave and the vertical movement of the water surface in the water retaining chambers c on both sides and the inertial force of the water cause the floating wave to move. Vertical movement is suppressed and the wave disappears.

As another construction of the floating wave canceller, as shown in the conceptual sectional view of FIG. 10, the wave canceling spaces A and B are arranged side by side and the movement of water therein is used. There is.

[0007]

In the conventional floating wave breakwater as described above, a correlation is recognized between the width in the front-rear direction and the wavelength at which the wave can be effectively canceled. In this case, the wave can be dissipated in a wider wavelength range and the wave extinction performance is improved. For this reason, it becomes large and wide.

[0008] The floating breakwater is also used to protect aquaculture cages set up in the ocean from waves. In this case, the floating breakwaters and the cages are arranged independently of each other. Therefore, similar structures required for mooring such as anchors had to be provided in duplicate. Therefore,
It may be considered that the floating wave breaker and the cage are combined together to form an integral structure. However, in this case, there is a problem that the floating breakwater with a large width is further enlarged from the viewpoint of the wave breaking performance as described above.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems to be solved, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a rational floating wave breakwater which is small in size, can efficiently break waves, and can also have a cage. It is a thing.

[0010]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the floating breakwater according to the present invention is installed in a floating state on the water surface by a floating member and comprises an outer plate on the offshore side and a land side. A partition plate is provided between the inner plate and the inner plate of the inner plate, and two wave-dissipating spaces that open below the water surface are formed side by side. A space for a cage is formed between the inner plate and the inner plate, and the both wave-dissipating spaces have vertically different opening positions below the water surface, and their upper portions are closed by a top plate at a predetermined height above the water surface. Vent holes having a predetermined opening area are provided at positions corresponding to the both wave-dissipating spaces of the top plate, and the vent holes can be ventilated to the outside through the vent holes.

In addition to the above construction, a bottom plate located below the cage space is provided at the lower end of the inner plate.

Further, an air supply path connecting the ventilation hole of the top plate and a position below the water surface of the cage chamber is provided, and the ventilation hole or the air supply channel distributes air from the wave-eliminating space to the cage chamber. A check valve member that allows only the above, and the top plate is provided with an air supply port provided with a check valve mechanism that allows only the inflow of air into the wave-eliminating space. Characterize.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is an external perspective view of a floating breakwater according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 3 is a front view seen from the offshore side, FIG. 4 is a rear view seen from the land side, and FIG. 5 is a side view. 6 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

The illustrated floating breakwater 10 is provided with floats 11 as floating members at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and stabilizers 12 are provided at the outer ends thereof, respectively, and the front side (in the front-back direction) in the width direction (front-back direction). The wave-dissipating structure portion 20 is located on the offshore side), and is provided with a cage storage area 30 as a cage space on the rear side, and has a generally rectangular planar shape as a whole.

The float 11 is formed in the shape of a box having a predetermined volume of airtightness, and is set so that the floating breakwater 10 floats with its upper surface located at a predetermined height above the water surface.

The stabilizer 12 is a side view of FIG.
As shown in, on both front and rear sides of the outer end surface of the float 11,
The structures 12A and 12A each having an L-shaped cross section are provided so as to face each other, and this is used when a plurality of the floating breakwaters 10 are arranged side by side in the direction parallel to the long axis (in FIG. 1). Adjacent to each other is shown at 10 ') and acts to suppress the ingress of waves from between them (10, 10'). In other words, the approach wave (X) stabilizer 12
The reflected wave (Z) of the wave (Y) that has circulated inside is reflected by the side end surface of the floating breakwater 10 and interferes with the next incoming wave (X) to eliminate its energy.

The wave-dissipating structure portion 20 has two wave-dissipating chambers (a front wave-dissipating chamber 20A and a rear wave-dissipating chamber 20B), which are open at the lower side and are closed at the upper side by a top plate 23, which are arranged side by side in front and rear. It is configured. That is, in the present configuration example, the inner plate 2 serving as a boundary between the outer plate 21 located on the offshore side and the cage arrangement region 30.
The space surrounded by 2 and the top plate 23 whose upper surface is located at a predetermined height above the water surface is divided into two parts by the partition plate 24 vertically arranged at the center in the front-rear direction, and the respective waves disappear. The chambers 20A and 20B are formed.

The height of the partition plate 24 is smaller than that of the inner plate 22, and a front bottom plate 25 is horizontally provided at the lower end edge thereof on the front side. The lower end edge of the outer plate 21 is the front end edge of the front bottom plate 25. There is a predetermined gap between the two.

A rear bottom plate 26 having a predetermined length is horizontally provided at the lower end edge of the inner plate 22 in the front-rear direction. The rear bottom plate 26 is located lower than the front bottom plate 25, and its front end edge is the lower end edge of the partition plate 24. A predetermined gap is provided between the front bottom plate 25 and the rear end edge.

As a result, the front wave canceling chamber 20A has a shallower depth than the rear wave canceling chamber 20B and opens forward in the gap between the outer plate 21 and the front bottom plate 25, and the rear wave canceling chamber 20B is partitioned. Board 24
And a front end edge of the rear bottom plate 26 is opened to the front side.

As described above, the front wave breaking chamber 20A and the rear wave breaking chamber 2
The energy of the waves propagating from the offshore is input in different phases to both of the wave-dissipating chambers 20A and 20B because the positions of the 0B opening are different from each other. In addition, the front wave canceling chamber 20A is shallower than the rear wave canceling chamber 20B,
Has a larger volume than that of the front wave breaking chamber 20A and has a longer flow path of the water flow.
The phase of vibration of water in 0B is further different.

The top plate 23, which closes the upper ends of both the wave breaking chambers 20A and 20B, is provided with an orifice 27 as a vent having a predetermined diameter at a position corresponding to each of the wave breaking chambers 20A and 20B. Wave-eliminating chamber 20 via orifice 27
Air can be circulated in and out of A and 20B. That is, since the top plate 23 is set so as to be positioned at a predetermined height above the water surface as described above, there is an air layer space above the wave-eliminating chambers 20A and 20B and the wave-eliminating chambers 20A and 20B have the same space. The volume of the air layer space is contracted or expanded by the vertical movement of the water surface, and at this time, the air flows through the orifice 27 inside and outside the air layer space. The passage resistance of the air when passing through the orifice 27 acts to attenuate the upper and lower sides of the water surface in the wave breaking chambers 20A and 20B.

The diameter of the orifice 27 is variable so that the passage resistance of the air can be changed so that an optimum wave-dissipating effect can be obtained with respect to the wavelength of the wave.

The cage arrangement region 30 is a rear side plate 1 as an outer peripheral cover plate which is erected between the floats 11 at both ends in the longitudinal direction.
3 and the inner plate 22 of the wave-dissipating structure portion 20.

In the present configuration example, a rear bottom plate 26 located below the rear wave breaking chamber 20B is disposed below the sacrifice arranging area 30 so as to extend over the whole cage arranging area 30.

The lower edge of the rear side plate 13 is located at a predetermined depth below the surface of the water and has a predetermined distance from the rear end edge of the rear bottom plate 26. In other words, the lower back surface side of the cage storage area 30 is opened.

This rear side plate 13, inner side plate 22 and rear bottom plate 2
In the area surrounded by 6, a cage can be arranged.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, the floating breakwater 10 constructed as described above is connected to the mooring metal fitting 14 arranged at a predetermined position on the side surface and to the anchor block 15 at the other end. The chain 16 is coupled and installed in a floating state on the water surface. At this time, the upper surface of the wave-dissipating structure 20 is located at a predetermined height above the water surface due to the buoyancy of the float 11.

The wave-dissipating structure section 20 has a difference in the input energy of waves rushing from the offshore into the wave-dissipating chambers 20A and 20B, and a phase difference in vertical oscillation due to the difference in flow path lengths of the wave-dissipating chambers 20A and 20B. , Damping of vertical vibrations due to air inflow and outflow resistance through the orifice 27 associated with the vertical movement of the water surfaces of both wave breaking chambers 20A and 20B, and the like are combined to attenuate the wave energy and to cause the sway of the floating breakwater. It acts to suppress and prevent the propagation of waves. Further, since the sway of the floating breakwater 10 itself is suppressed in this way, the cages provided in the cage arrangement area 30 are also stably installed without being affected by the waves, and are suitable for aquaculture. It can be a cage. Furthermore, the upper surface of the wave-dissipating structure 20 (ie
A, the upper surface of the rear wave-eliminating chamber 20B) is closed by the top plate 23, so that the disturbance of the water surface of the front wave-eliminating chamber 20A and the rear wave-eliminating chamber 20B does not overflow into the live cage storage area 30. Is.

The detailed dimensional relationships and shapes of the wave-eliminating chambers 20A, 20B and the respective parts are not limited to the above-mentioned configuration example, and can be changed appropriately. That is, as shown in the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. 7, the front wave breaking chamber 20A and the rear wave breaking chamber 20B may have the same depth, and only the lower opening position may be different. The rear bottom plate 26 extendingly arranged below the disposition area 30 may be omitted as illustrated. However, it is more preferable that the rear bottom plate 26 be extended rearward because the motion suppressing effect is increased.

Next, in addition to the above-mentioned structure, a structure in which the air discharged from the wave-eliminating chambers 20A, 20B through the orifice 27 is guided to the sacrifice-arrangement region 30 is shown in FIG. Explain.

In the illustrated configuration, a pair of orifices (intake orifice 27A, exhaust orifice 27B) are provided on the top plate 23 on the upper surfaces of both the wave canceling chambers 20A and 20B, and the exhaust orifice 27B and the sacrifice arranging area 30 are predetermined. It is provided with an air pipe 28 connecting to the depth portion.

Further, the intake orifice 27A allows the inflow of air from the outside into the wave-eliminating chambers 20A and 20B, and the wave-eliminating chamber 2
Check valve 29 that does not allow the discharge of air from 0A and 20B
A is provided, and the wave-eliminating chamber 20 is provided in the exhaust orifice 27B.
Exhaust of air from A, 20B to the outside is allowed, and wave-eliminating chamber 20
A check valve 29B is provided which does not allow inflow into A and 20B.

According to this structure, when the water level in the wave breaking chambers 20A, 20B rises during the wave breaking action of the wave breaking mechanism 20, the air in the wave breaking chambers 20A, 20B is exhausted by the exhaust orifice 27B. The air discharged through the air pipe 28 is supplied to a predetermined depth position of the cage arrangement area 30 through the air pipe 28. As a result, the discharged air is ejected into the cage that is provided in the cage arrangement area 30 to stir the water in the cage and supply oxygen, thereby promoting the growth of microorganisms and maintaining the water quality. Is.

[0035]

As described above, according to the floating breakwater according to the present invention, two breakwater spaces whose opening positions under the water surface are vertically different are arranged side by side, and the top and bottom plates are arranged side by side. Since the ventilation hole is formed and configured, it is small and can effectively dissipate the wave, and the cage area is integrally attached to the land side so that the cage can be arranged reasonably. Is possible. Moreover, since the top surface of the wave-dissipating space is closed by the top plate, the water surface turbulence in the wave-dissipating space does not overflow into the cage and disturb the water surface of the cage.

Further, by providing the bottom plate on the lower side of the cage space, the stability of the floating breakwater is further promoted.

Further, the ventilation hole of the wave-eliminating space and the position below the surface of the water in the cage chamber are connected by the air supply passage, whereby stirring and oxygen supply in the cage chamber can be performed along with the wave-eliminating action. It is a thing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a floating breakwater according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a floating breakwater.

FIG. 3 is a front view seen from the offshore side of the floating breakwater.

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the floating breakwater as viewed from the land side.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a floating breakwater.

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration cross-sectional view of another configuration example.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration cross-sectional view of another configuration example.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a floating breakwater having a conventional structure.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a floating breakwater having a conventional structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Floating breakwater 11 Float (Floating member) 13 Rear plate (outer peripheral cover plate) 20 Wave-dissipating mechanism 20A front wave-eliminating room (wave-eliminating space) 20B Rear wave-eliminating room (wave-eliminating space) 21 outer plate 22 Inner plate 23 Top plate 24 partition boards 26 Rear bottom plate (bottom plate) 27 Orifice (vent) 27A Intake orifice (air supply port) 27B Exhaust orifice (vent) 28 Air pipe (air supply path) 29A check valve (check valve mechanism) 29B Check valve (check valve member) 30 Arrangement area for the cage (a cage space)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (73) Patent holder 000005119 Hitachi Zosen Co., Ltd. 1-7-89 Minami Kohoku, Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Yoshimasa Takagi Ebidai, Hasaki-cho, Kashima-gun, Ibaraki None) Fisheries Agency Fisheries Engineering Laboratory (72) Inventor Atsushi Arami 3-15-1, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.Toni Technical Center (72) Inventor Shunzo Okabe Kazu, Hyogo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 1-1-1, Tasakicho Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe Shipyard (72) Inventor Hidemasa Takahama, Nishikujo 5-chome 3-28, Konohana Ward, Osaka City (56) References JP 62 -194312 (JP, A) JP-A-54-99333 (JP, A) JP-A-3-217508 (JP, A) Actual opening Flat 1-5924 (JP, U) Actual opening Sho-55-150814 ( (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B63B 35/44 A01K 61/00 B63B 35/26 E02B 3/06 302

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A floating member installed in a floating state on the water surface, wherein a partition plate is provided between an outer plate on the offshore side and an inner plate on the land side, and the partition plate opens below the water surface. Two wave-dissipating spaces are formed side by side in front and back, and an outer peripheral cover plate is arranged at a predetermined distance on the land side of the inner plate to form a cage space between the inner plate and the both wave-dissipating spaces. The above-mentioned underwater opening positions are different from each other vertically, and the upper portions of each are closed by a top plate at a predetermined height above the water surface, and the top plate has a predetermined opening area at a position corresponding to both of the wave-dissipating spaces. A floating breakwater, which is provided with a vent hole and is configured to be ventilated to the outside through the vent hole. 2. The floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein a bottom plate located below the sacrifice space is provided at a lower end of the inner plate. 3. An air supply path connecting the ventilation hole of the top plate and a position below the water surface of the cage chamber is provided, and the air flow from the wave-eliminating space to the cage chamber is provided in the ventilation hole or the air supply channel. A check valve member that allows only
The float according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top plate is provided with an air supply port having a check valve mechanism that allows only the inflow of air into the wave-eliminating space. Breakwater.