JP3393979B2 - Image display panel, image display device, projection display device and viewfinder using the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to relates to an image display apparatus using mainly a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, an image display panel and the image display panel used as a light modulation section TN liquid crystal. These projecting morphism display equipment, can be applied deployed to monitor device such as a viewfinder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since a liquid crystal display panel has many features such as light weight and thinness as compared with a CRT, research and development have been actively conducted. In recent years, it has been used as a display portion of a viewfinder of a pocket television, a video monitor or a video camera. However, there are many problems such as difficulty in increasing the screen size. Therefore, a projection-type display device that obtains a large-screen display image by enlarging and projecting a display image of a small-sized liquid crystal display device by a projection lens or the like has attracted attention and has been commercialized by each company. At present, twisted nematic (hereinafter referred to as TN) liquid crystal display panels that utilize the optical rotation characteristics of liquid crystals are used in projection display devices and viewfinders that have been commercialized.

In a liquid crystal display panel using TN liquid crystal, it is necessary to use a polarizing plate (polarizer) to make incident light linearly polarized. In addition, a polarizing plate (analyzer) needs to be arranged on the exit side of the liquid crystal display panel to detect light modulated by the liquid crystal display device. That is, it is necessary to dispose two polarizing plates in front of and behind the TN liquid crystal display panel, a polarizer for converting light into linearly polarized light and an analyzer for detecting modulated light. When the pixel aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display panel is 100% and the amount of light incident on the polarizer is 100, the amount of light emitted from the polarizer is 40%, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device is 80%, and the transmittance of the analyzer is 80%. %, The total transmittance is 0.4 × 0.8 × 0.8 = about 25%, and only 25% of light can be effectively used. Therefore, the TN liquid crystal display panel can realize only low-luminance image display.

Most of the light lost by the polarizing plate or the like is absorbed by the polarizing plate and converted into heat. The heat heats the liquid crystal display panel by the polarizing plate itself and radiant heat. In the case of a liquid crystal display panel used in a projection type display device, the amount of light incident on the polarizing plate of the display panel is tens of thousands of lux or more. Therefore, when a TN liquid crystal display panel using a polarizing plate as a light valve of a projection type display device is used, the polarizing plate, the display panel and the like are in a high temperature state, which causes a remarkable deterioration in performance in a short period of time.

Further, the TN liquid crystal display panel requires an alignment film and a rubbing treatment. The rubbing process or the like increases the number of steps and causes an increase in manufacturing cost. Also,
In recent years, the number of pixels of a liquid crystal display panel used for a projection type display device is as large as 500,000 pixels or more, and the pixel size tends to be miniaturized. The miniaturization of pixels means that a large number of irregularities are formed per unit area by signal lines, thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs), and the like. It is obvious that the unevenness prevents the rubbing process from being performed well. Further, the miniaturization of the pixel size increases the formation area of the TFT and the signal line occupying one pixel and reduces the pixel aperture ratio.
The reduction of the pixel aperture ratio is not limited to the reduction of the brightness of the display image, and the liquid crystal display device is further heated by the light emitted to the portion other than the incident light aperture portion, which accelerates the performance deterioration of the TN liquid crystal display panel. To do. The weight of the TN liquid crystal display panel is also a problem. The TN liquid crystal display panel has a liquid crystal sandwiched between two glass plates. If the liquid crystal display panel is made into a notebook type so that it can be spread, the weight of the glass becomes a problem. This is because glass is heavy.

Further, the TN liquid crystal performs optical modulation by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by the voltage applied to the pixel electrode. TN
Polarizing plates are respectively arranged on the incident side and the emitting side of the liquid crystal display device, and the polarization axes of the polarizer and the analyzer are orthogonal to each other. Generally, a TN liquid crystal display device is used in a normally white mode (NW mode) in which black display can be performed in a voltage applied state. In contrast, a mode in which white display (light transmission state) is applied when a voltage is applied is called a normally black mode (NB mode).

The display image of the NW mode liquid crystal display device has good color reproducibility, but a problem is light leakage from the peripheral portion of the pixel. This is because the liquid crystal molecules are not oriented in the regular direction but are oriented in the opposite direction. This orientation state is called an inverted chilled domain. This is because the rising direction of the liquid crystal molecules due to the electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the source signal line,
It results from being partially reversed. In the portion where the rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules are reversed, the light passes through the analyzer on the light emitting surface of the panel, although the voltage is applied. That is, light leakage occurs. Light leakage does not occur in the normal rising direction of the liquid crystal.

As a method of preventing light leakage, there is a method of widening the width of the black matrix (BM) formed on the counter electrode, but this also reduces the pixel closing area and lowers the display brightness. Therefore, it is not an effective method.

A liquid crystal display device using TN liquid crystal as described below needs to use a polarizing plate. Further, since light leakage is likely to occur in the pixel peripheral portion, the BM must be thickened. Therefore, the light utilization rate is poor and the display brightness is low.
The light applied to the BM heats the liquid crystal display device, raising the panel temperature and shortening the life of the panel.

Similarly, the projection type display device using the TN liquid crystal display device as a light valve also has a low light utilization rate and the screen brightness of the projected image is low. Therefore, a projection type display device using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel (hereinafter referred to as PD liquid crystal display panel) that does not use a polarizing plate has been proposed.
As an example, the one described in JP-A-3-94225 can be mentioned. A PD liquid crystal display panel as a light valve used in a projection type display device performs light modulation by scattering or transmitting incident light.

The operation of the PD liquid crystal display panel is shown in FIG.
A brief description will be given using (a) and (b). FIG. 6 (a),
(B) is an explanatory view of the operation of the PD liquid crystal display panel.
In FIGS. 6A and 6B, a water droplet liquid crystal (hereinafter, referred to as water droplet liquid crystal 603) is dispersed in the polymer 602. A TFT (not shown) or the like is connected to the pixel electrode 107, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107 by turning the TFT on and off to change the liquid crystal alignment direction on the pixel electrode 107 to modulate light. When no voltage is applied as shown in FIG.
The liquid crystal molecules in 3 are oriented in irregular directions. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer (resin component) 602 and the water droplet liquid crystal (liquid crystal component) 603, and the incident light is scattered.

Here, as shown in FIG. 6B, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107, the directions of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned.
When the refractive index when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction is matched with the refractive index of the polymer 602 in advance, the incident light is not scattered and the array substrate 101 (or the counter substrate 103) is not scattered.
Emit more.

[0013]

However, the PD liquid crystal display panel also has the following problems. That is, the display contrast is low.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the liquid crystal layer 21 is in the scattering state, black display is performed, and when it is transparent, white display is performed. Therefore, the contrast cannot be increased unless the scattering state is sufficiently high. To increase the scattering state, the liquid crystal layer 108 may be thickened. However, if the liquid crystal layer 108 is made thicker, the voltage required to bring it into the light transmitting state becomes higher as shown in FIG. 6B. In order to increase the voltage, it is necessary to improve the withstand voltage property of the TFT or the like, and there is a certain limit to the improvement of the withstand voltage property. For this reason, the conventional PD liquid crystal display panel has a problem that the display contrast cannot be increased.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the conventional device, and an object thereof is to provide a display panel, a method of driving the same, a method of manufacturing the same and a display device using the display panel. To do.

[0016]

In order to solve the problem that the display contrast of a PD liquid crystal display panel is low, for example, in the display panel of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer is mainly thickened.
Further, the guest-host liquid crystal is contained in the liquid crystal layer to reduce the light transmittance in the light scattering state. To solve the problem that the voltage applied to the pixel electrode or the like becomes higher by making the liquid crystal layer thicker, the liquid crystal layer is divided into two layers and the voltage is applied to each liquid crystal layer, and the counter electrode is in a stripe shape. The problem can be solved by using an electrode, arranging the pixel electrode in the middle part of the liquid crystal layer, and the like.

In the first embodiment, the counter electrode is a striped electrode. The striped shape mainly means a striped electrode such as a simple matrix, but it may have a constriction, and it is not limited to a rectangular shape but may have an arc, an ellipse, or a polygon. Good.

The striped electrodes are arranged at positions facing the pixel electrode rows arranged in a matrix. The voltage applied to the striped electrodes is equal to or lower than the rising voltage of the liquid crystal (the voltage at which the liquid crystal layer starts passing light). The pixel electrodes in the row direction (H direction) alternately apply positive and negative video signal voltages for each field (frame). When a positive video signal voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes in a certain row direction, a voltage equal to or lower than the negative rising voltage is applied to the stripe electrodes facing the pixel electrode rows. When a negative video signal voltage is applied to the pixel electrode row, a voltage equal to or lower than the positive rising voltage is applied to the stripe electrodes. A voltage (value) obtained by adding the absolute value of the video signal voltage applied to the pixel electrode and the absolute value of the voltage applied to the stripe electrode is applied to the liquid crystal layer between the stripe electrode and the pixel electrode row.

In the second embodiment, the liquid crystal layer has two layers in order to further improve the contrast. The first liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, and the second liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the counter electrode and the striped electrode. Images (display images) are displayed in a matrix in the first liquid crystal layer, and the display contrast is mainly controlled in the second liquid crystal layer. When the display image is bright as a whole, the second liquid crystal layer is strongly in the light transmitting state. When the displayed image is dark as a whole, the second liquid crystal layer strengthens the light scattering state. On a bright screen, the black display may be "floating". This is because the image is perceived as having a sense of contrast as a whole.

The striped electrodes are arranged along the row or column direction of the pixels arranged in a matrix. When the striped electrodes are arranged along the row direction, the amplitude value of the video signal applied to each pixel is calculated for each pixel in the row direction. The calculation includes addition, average value, maximum value, minimum value, and the like. A voltage is applied to the striped electrode based on the calculation result. For example, when the added value is large, it means that the display image is bright, and thus a large voltage is applied to increase the light transmittance of the second liquid crystal layer. The above operation is performed line by line. When the striped electrodes are arranged in the column direction, the calculation is performed in the column direction.

Striped electrodes are formed in the column direction, and even columns are set to a transmittance state and odd columns are set to a scattering state in the first field (frame), and the second field next to the first field (frame) is set. In the field (frame), on the contrary, the even columns are set to the scattering state and the odd columns are set to the transmitting state. Further, a prism or the like is arranged on the front surface of the display panel so that the even-numbered column can be seen by the observer's right eye and the odd-numbered column can be seen by the left eye. Then, the observer can switch between the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye for each field (frame). By making the video signal a stereoscopic (3D) signal, an observer can enjoy a stereoscopic image.

In another embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer are sandwiched between the three substrates. The first liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the second liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the second substrate and the third substrate. Further, the gate drive circuit is connected to a silicon chip, and the source drive circuit is formed at the same time as the pixel electrodes on the substrate by the high temperature polysilicon or low temperature polysilicon technology. Although the output voltage cannot be made very high with the polysilicon technology, a high voltage circuit can be easily manufactured with a silicon chip. Normally, the gate signal amplitude of the liquid crystal display panel is higher (larger) than the source signal amplitude. By manufacturing the gate drive circuit with a silicon chip and connecting it to the substrate by the glass-on-chip technique, the TAB technique, or the like, the liquid crystal display panel as a whole can be driven with a high voltage (a high voltage is applied to the pixel).

In another embodiment, two substrates (hereinafter referred to as array substrates) in which pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix are used, and a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the two array substrates. Voltages having opposite polarities are applied to the opposing pixel electrodes. Therefore, a high voltage can be applied to the sandwiched liquid crystal layer.

Grayscale characteristics can be improved by applying different signals to the first pixel electrode of the first array substrate and the second pixel electrode of the second array substrate. Even if only one array substrate can display only 128 gradations, 128 × 2 = 256 gradations can be displayed by sandwiching the liquid crystal layer between the two array substrates. Further, if the first array substrate and the second array substrate are arranged with a shift of approximately half a pixel, the resolution in the horizontal or vertical direction can be doubled.

A counter electrode is arranged between the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer, and the counter electrode serves as a reflection electrode. Then, it is possible to provide a display panel in which different images can be seen from both the back surface and the front surface of the display panel.

The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer are formed of polymer dispersed liquid crystal, and in the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer,
The average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is made different. The average particle size, the average pore size, and the scattering property have a wavelength-dependent relationship. If the average particle size and the average pore size are small, the scattering properties in the short wavelength (blue region) are good, and conversely, if the average particle size and the average pore size are large, the scattering properties in the long wavelength (red region) are good. Wavelength band of all visible light (blue ~
(Red) is difficult to cover. However, by making the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer different in average particle diameter or average pore diameter, it becomes possible to cover the wavelength band of all visible light. If these are applied to a liquid crystal projection type device (hereinafter referred to as a liquid crystal projector), its performance can be sufficiently brought out. This also applies to other display panels of the present invention.

By disposing the microlens array on the incident surface and the emission surface of the display panel, the light condensing ability can be enhanced. Switching elements (thin film transistors, diodes, varistors, etc.), source / gate signal lines, etc. are usually formed on the array substrate. Therefore, the area ratio per pixel occupied by the pixel electrode (hereinafter referred to as the aperture ratio)
Is about 50%. By disposing the microlens array on the input / output surface of the display panel and disposing the pixel electrode in the vicinity of the focal point thereof, light is not shielded by the switching element or the like.

Further, instead of the microlens, the entrance side opening is made larger than the exit side opening, and a substrate having a reflective film formed between the entrance side opening and the exit side opening is used as a display panel. You may attach it to. The opening on the emission side of the substrate has the area of the pixel electrode. The incident light is introduced into the pixel electrode while being condensed (collected) at the opening.

The display contrast can be improved by forming the first counter electrode on the back surface of the second array substrate and disposing the first array substrate corresponding to the first counter electrode. In this embodiment, the first array substrate, the first liquid crystal layer, the first counter electrode, the second array substrate, the second liquid crystal layer, and the second counter electrode are arranged in this order. The first array substrate modulates the first liquid crystal layer, and the second array substrate modulates the second liquid crystal layer. Since the incident light is modulated by the first and second liquid crystal layers, the display contrast becomes extremely good.

By arranging the gate signal lines of the first array substrate and the gate signal lines of the second array substrate so as to be orthogonal to each other, row-direction scanning and column-direction scanning can be performed simultaneously. Alternatively, the row-direction scanning and the column-direction scanning can be switched instantly. It can be applied to video camera monitors and other applications. This is because a video camera or the like is often used by switching the monitor unit in the horizontal / vertical direction.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a common electrode is formed on a first substrate, a counter electrode is formed on a second substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer is formed between a pixel electrode and the common electrode. A second liquid crystal layer is arranged between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. The common electrode and the counter electrode have the same potential. When a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, an electric field is applied to both the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer. The additional capacitor forms the common electrode or the gate signal line as one electrode of the capacitor.

If the gate signal line and the source signal line are orthogonal to each other, the intersections of the signal lines need to be insulated. Therefore, it becomes the same as forming a capacitor at the intersection point, and when viewed from the drive circuit of the source signal line, a load having a relatively large time constant is connected to the output end by the resistance of the source signal line and the capacitance of the capacitor. Will be.
Therefore, it is necessary to increase the drive capability of the source drive circuit. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present invention,
The source signal line and the gate signal line are formed so as to be parallel to each other. That is, the intersection of the source signal line and the gate signal line is eliminated. By reducing the time constant of the source signal line, the output amplitude voltage of the source drive circuit can be increased, and a large voltage can be applied to the pixel electrode. Therefore, the display contrast can be improved.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the first switching element and the second switching element are formed on the first substrate. A first pixel electrode is connected to the first switching element, and a second pixel electrode is connected to the second switching element. On the other hand, the counter electrode is formed on the second substrate. In addition, a first liquid crystal layer is provided between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, and a second liquid crystal layer is provided between the second pixel electrode and the counter electrode.
Liquid crystal layer is disposed. Signals having polarities opposite to each other are applied to the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.
If a high voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer can be in a sufficiently light-transmitting state even if the liquid crystal layer is thick. Furthermore, the second
Since the voltage is applied to the pixel electrode of, the second liquid crystal layer can also be driven.

The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is a video monitor,
High contrast image display can be realized by using as a display panel of a liquid crystal projector.

[0035]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a display panel of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the present embodiment, the light modulation layer is described as a liquid crystal layer such as polymer dispersed liquid crystal for ease of explanation, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other ferroelectric liquid crystal, twist, etc. Other liquid crystal materials such as nematic (TN) liquid crystal, those made of inorganic material such as PLZT, electroluminescence (EL), organic electroluminescence (organic EL), and the like may be used.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the display panel of this embodiment. Further, FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram thereof, and FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of the display panel of the present embodiment.
However, parts or portions unnecessary for the explanation are omitted, and
Some parts are exaggerated or reduced for ease of explanation. The above also applies to the drawings of the following specification. Further, unless otherwise specified, the parts having the same numbers have the same or similar functions or configurations. Therefore, the content described about the part to which a certain number is attached is applied to other drawings in this specification.

On the array substrate 101, a pixel electrode 107 source signal line (not shown) and a gate signal line 2 made of ITO are formed.
01, thin film transistor 10 as a switching element
6 (TFT) and the like are formed.

The thin film transistor 106 may be manufactured by any one of the low temperature polysilicon technology, the amorphous silicon technology, the high temperature polysilicon technology, and the single crystal technology formed on silicon ware. In addition to the TFT, a ring diode may be used. , A two-terminal element such as MIM, a varicap, a thyristor, a MOS transistor, or the like. Further, the switching elements 106 are not limited to being connected to each one pixel electrode one by one, and two or more switching elements may be connected to one pixel electrode 107. One switching element or the like may be arranged.

The operation of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel 601 will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). 6A and 6B are explanatory views of the operation of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel 601. A TFT (not shown) or the like is connected to the pixel electrode 107, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107 by turning on / off the TFT. The pixel electrode 10 depending on the voltage
The light is modulated by changing the liquid crystal orientation direction of the water droplet liquid crystal 603 on 7. As shown in FIG. 6A, when no voltage is applied (OFF), each water droplet liquid crystal 603 is
Are oriented in irregular directions. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer 602 and the liquid crystal, and incident light is scattered.
As shown in FIG. 6B, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107, the directions of the liquid crystal are aligned. When the refractive index when the liquid crystal is aligned in a certain direction is matched with the refractive index of the polymer 10 in advance, incident light is emitted from the substrate 101 side without being scattered. A common voltage is applied to the counter electrode 102.

The opposing drive circuit is also directly formed on the substrate 101 by low temperature polysilicon or high temperature polysilicon technology. That is, it is formed at the same time as the TFT 106. The opposing drive circuit is connected to the striped electrode 102 via the connection terminal 105.

The striped electrode 102 is not limited to a striped shape. Therefore, it may be rectangular or a part thereof may be concave or arcuate. The striped electrode 102 is made of ITO and is formed along the gate signal line, that is, parallel to the pixel row direction in FIG.

A protective film 103 is formed on the stripe-shaped electrode in order to prevent alteration of the liquid crystal layer 108 or destruction of the stripe-shaped electrode 102 due to mechanical external pressure. The protective film 103 is tantalum oxide (Ta ₂
Examples of the inorganic material include O ₃ ), SiO ₂ , and SiNx.
In addition, organic materials such as epoxy resin, silicone resin, silicone rubber or acrylic resin are exemplified. The protective film preferably has high transparency.

Pixel electrodes 107 are formed in a matrix on the array substrate 101. The switching elements 106 are connected to the pixel electrodes 107, respectively. T
The drain terminal of the FT 106 is connected to the additional capacitor 303 and the pixel electrode 107, and the liquid crystal layer 108 is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107 and the stripe electrode 102. The other electrode of the additional capacitor 303 is the common electrode 30.
It is 4. The common electrode 304 is often formed in the lower layer of the pixel electrode 107. This structure is shown in FIG. The common electrode 304 is an electrode common to one of the additional capacitors 303 of all pixels. The TFT 106 has gate signal lines G ₁ to
It operates by the signals of G _m and the source signal lines S _{1 to} S _n . The gate drive circuit 302 is connected to one end of the gate signal line 201 and outputs a signal for making the TFT 106 in an operating state (hereinafter referred to as ON) and a non-operating state (hereinafter referred to as OFF). On the other hand, the source drive circuit 301 samples the video signal and outputs it to the source signal lines S _{1 to} S _n .

C _{1 to} C _m are stripe electrodes 102. Twelve liquid crystal layers are formed on the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The plan view is shown in FIG. The striped electrode 102 is
Usually formed of ITO. The striped electrodes 102 have at least a length from one end to the other end of the display region 401, and the formation pitch thereof is the same as the pixel pitch.

A counter drive circuit 104 is connected to one end of the striped electrode 102. Since ITO has a relatively high resistance value, a voltage drop may occur from the connection point of the opposite drive circuit 104 to the non-connection end (the end of the screen). As a countermeasure, a metal thin film 901 may be formed as shown in FIG. The metal thin film 901 uses chromium or the like. The opening 902 is located at a position facing the pixel electrode 107, and the metal thin film 901 is formed on the TFT 10.
6, the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line are arranged so as to block light. That is, the metal thin film 901 has both the light shielding effect of the black matrix and the low resistance of the striped electrode.

The metal light-shielding film 901 may be formed by forming the striped electrode 102, depositing a metal film on the striped electrode 102, and patterning the metal film. The light-shielding film 901 can also be formed with a conductive paste such as silver paste, gold paste, or copper paste. FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a state in which the light shielding film 901 is formed.
Shown in.

1 and 2 are sectional views of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention. The stripe-shaped electrodes 102 are arranged at positions facing the pixel electrodes 107. Striped electrode 1
The formation interval of 02 should be as narrow as possible. If it is too wide, the aperture ratio of the pixel is lowered. In the case of TN liquid crystal, a transverse electric field between adjacent stripe-shaped electrodes causes abnormal alignment of liquid crystal molecules, resulting in light leakage. However, in the case of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (hereinafter referred to as PD liquid crystal), incident light is more There are few problems because they are scattered. The gate signal line 201 is located at a position facing each other in the interval.

In the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the striped electrodes 102 as counter electrodes are formed directly on the liquid crystal layer 108. In the conventional liquid crystal display panel, electrodes are formed on a glass substrate (counter substrate), and the counter substrate is arranged on the liquid crystal layer 108. Since the counter substrate is made of glass, it is heavy. Therefore, it is difficult to reduce the weight of a notebook computer or the like. The present invention has no counter substrate. Therefore, significant weight reduction is possible. The weight is about 1/2 of that of the conventional liquid crystal display panel.

If the liquid crystal display device is constructed with the array substrate 101 facing the observer (operator), the observer will not touch the counter electrode 102. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 108 is not mechanically broken even without the counter substrate. That is, in order to configure a notebook computer or the like using the present invention, the device (notebook computer or the like) may be made with the array substrate 101 facing the observer.

Striped electrode 102 and pixel electrode 107
The PD liquid crystal 108 is sandwiched between them. The liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is preferably a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, or a cholesteric liquid crystal, and may be a single or two or more kinds of liquid crystal compounds or a mixture containing a substance other than the liquid crystal compounds.

Among the above-mentioned liquid crystal materials, a cyanobiphenyl nematic liquid crystal having a relatively large difference between the extraordinary light refractive index n _e and the ordinary light refractive index n _o , or a fluorine-based or chlorinated compound which is stable with time. The nematic liquid crystal of the system is preferable, and among them, the nematic liquid crystal of the chloro type is the most preferable because it has a good scattering property and hardly changes with time.

As the polymer matrix material, a transparent polymer is preferable, and as the polymer, a photo-curing type resin is used in view of easiness of manufacturing process, separation from a liquid crystal phase and the like. As a specific example, an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin is exemplified, and a resin containing an acrylic monomer or an acrylic oligomer which is polymerized and cured by ultraviolet irradiation is particularly preferable. Above all, a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group is preferable because it can form the light modulation layer 108 having good scattering characteristics and is less likely to change over time.

Further, it is preferable to use the liquid crystal material having an ordinary light refractive index n ₀ of 1.49 to 1.54, among which the ordinary light refractive index n ₀ is 1.50 to 1.53. Is preferable to use. Further, it is preferable to use one having a refractive index difference Δn of 0.15 or more and 0.30 or less. As n ₀ and Δn increase, heat resistance and light resistance deteriorate. When n ₀ and Δn are small, heat resistance and light resistance are improved, but scattering characteristics are lowered and display contrast is not sufficient. From the above, as the constituent material of the light modulation layer 108, the ordinary light refractive index n ₀ is 1.50 to 1.53, and
Most preferably, a chloro-based nematic liquid crystal having a Δn of 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less is used, and a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group is used as the resin material.

As such a polymer-forming monomer,
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate and the like.

Examples of the oligomer or prepolymer include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate and polyurethane acrylate.

A polymerization initiator may be used in order to carry out the polymerization promptly, and as an example thereof, 2-hydroxy-2-
Methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (“Darocur 1173” manufactured by Merck), 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-
On (Merck's "Darocur 1116"), 1-vidroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Ciba-Gaiki "Irgacure 184"), benzyl methyl ketal (Ciba-Geigy "Irgacure 651"), etc. are mentioned. In addition, a chain transfer agent, a photosensitizer, a dye, a cross-linking agent and the like can be appropriately used in combination as optional components.

The refractive index n _p when the resin material is cured
And the ordinary refractive index n _o of the liquid crystal are made to substantially match.
When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in one direction, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer becomes n _o . Therefore, the refractive index n _{p of the} resin matches, and the liquid crystal layer is in a light transmitting state. If the difference between the refractive indexes n _p and n _o is large, the liquid crystal layer does not become completely transparent even when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and the display brightness decreases. Refractive index difference between the refractive index n _p and n _o is preferably within 0.1, more within 0.05 are preferred.

Although the proportion of the liquid crystal material in the PD liquid crystal layer is not specified here, it is generally about 30 to 90% by weight, preferably about 60 to 90% by weight. When it is 30% by weight or less, the amount of liquid crystal droplets is small and the scattering effect is poor. On the other hand, when it is 90% by weight or more, the polymer and the liquid crystal tend to be phase-separated into upper and lower two layers, the ratio of the interface becomes small, and the scattering property is deteriorated. Polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 1
The structure of 08 depends on the liquid crystal fraction, and the liquid crystal droplets are independent water droplets (droplets) below about 50% by weight.
When present in a state of 50% by weight or more, the polymer and the liquid crystal form a continuous layer intricately intermingled with each other.

The average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is 0.5 μm or more and 3.0 μm.
The following is preferable. Above all, 0.8 μm or more 2
μm or less is preferable. When the light modulated by the PD liquid crystal display panel has a short wavelength (for example, blue light), it is small, and when it has a long wavelength (for example, red light), it is large. When the average particle size of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore size of the polymer network is large, the voltage for making the liquid crystal in a transparent state is low, but the scattering property is deteriorated. When it is small, the scattering property is improved, but the voltage for making it in the transmissive state is high.

When a polymer dispersed liquid crystal is used in the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention, a liquid crystal that modulates red light by adjusting the average particle diameter of the water droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates blue light. It is smaller than that of the display panel. Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates red light is made thicker than other liquid crystal display panels.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal referred to in the present invention is a liquid crystal in which liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin (see FIG. 6), the resin is in a sponge form (polymer network), and the liquid crystal is filled between the sponge forms. And the like, and the other applications filed by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. are JP-A-6-208126, JP-A-6-202085, and JP-A-6-347.
It also includes that the resin as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 818 is layered. Further, it also includes one in which liquid crystal is enclosed in a capsule-shaped accommodating medium as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-52843. Further, a liquid crystal or resin 24 containing a dichroic or polychromatic dye is also included. Further, as a similar structure, there is JP-A-6-347765, and these are also called polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Therefore, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PD liquid crystal) refers to one in which the light modulation layer contains a resin component and a liquid crystal component in a predetermined ratio, and includes a configuration in which the resin and the liquid crystal component are completely or almost phase-separated. .

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 μm, more preferably 8 to 15 μm.
If the film thickness is thin, the scattering characteristics are poor and the contrast cannot be obtained. On the contrary, if the film thickness is thick, extremely high voltage driving must be performed.

To control the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108, black glass beads 2802 or black glass fiber,
Alternatively, black resin beads or black resin fibers are used. In particular, black glass beads or black glass fibers are preferable because they have a very high light-absorbing property and are hard so that a small number of them can be scattered on the liquid crystal layer 108. In particular, black glass beads are preferable because light leakage does not occur around the beads.

Although the beads and fibers are black in the above description, the present invention is not limited to this when the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device. The projection type display device uses three liquid crystal display panels as light valves, and each light valve modulates light of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Beads and the like used for the liquid crystal display device that modulates R light may absorb R light. That is, beads containing a dye having a complementary color relationship with the color of light to be modulated may be used. For example, for blue light it is yellow.

The liquid crystal layer 108 scatters incident light (displays black) when no voltage is applied. When transparent beads are used, light is leaked from the beads even in black display, and the display contrast is lowered. Like the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention, if black or complementary color glass beads or glass fibers are used, light leakage does not occur and good display contrast can be realized.

As shown in FIG. 15, the insulating film 15 is formed on at least one of the pixel electrode 107 and the stripe electrode 108.
It is effective to form 01. Examples of the insulating film 1501 include an alignment film such as polyimide used in a TN liquid crystal display panel, an organic substance such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and an inorganic substance such as SiO ₂ , SiNx, and Ta ₂ O ₃ . Organic substances such as polyimide are preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion and the like.

The polymer dispersed liquid crystal 108 has a relatively low specific resistance. Therefore, the electric charge applied to the pixel electrode 107 may not be completely retained during one field (frame) (1/30 or 1/60 seconds). If the liquid crystal layer 108 cannot be held, the liquid crystal layer 108 will not be in a completely transparent state and the display brightness will be reduced. It also requires a high voltage to keep it transparent.

A thin film made of an organic material such as polyimide has a very high specific resistance. Therefore, the charge retention rate can be improved by forming a thin film made of an organic material on the electrode.
Therefore, high brightness display and high contrast display can be realized.

The insulating film 1502 also has an effect of preventing the liquid crystal layer 108 from being separated from the electrodes (pixel electrode 107, stripe-shaped electrode 102). This is because nearly half of the material forming the liquid crystal layer 108 is an organic substance made of resin. Therefore, the insulating film 1501 serves as an adhesive layer.

Further, when the insulating film 1501 made of an organic material is formed, there is also an effect that the pore diameter of the polymer network of the liquid crystal layer 108 or the particle diameter of the water droplet liquid crystal becomes substantially uniform. It is considered that even if an organic residue remains on the pixel electrode 107 or the like, it is covered with the insulating film 1501. The effect of PVA is better than that of polyimide. It is considered that this is because PVA has higher wettability than polyimide. However, as a result of a reliability (light resistance, heat resistance, etc.) test performed by manufacturing various insulating films 1501 on the panel, the polyimide used for the alignment film of the TN liquid crystal is
Good with almost no change over time. Therefore, in the present invention, the insulating film 1501 is made of polyimide.

When the insulating film 1501 is formed of an organic material, its thickness is preferably 0.02 μm or more and 0.1 μm, and more preferably 0.03 μm or more and 0.08 μm or less.

As shown in FIG. 1, a light shielding film 109 is formed on the TFT 106. The light-shielding film 109 is mainly formed by the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 in the semiconductor layer 50 of the TFT 106.
5 is prevented. When light enters the semiconductor layer 505, a photoconductor phenomenon (hereinafter referred to as a photocon) occurs in which the TFT 106 is not turned off or the off resistance of the TFT 106 is reduced. This is MIM
But the same is true. As a material for forming the light shielding film 109, an acrylic resin in which carbon is dispersed is exemplified.
In addition, various primary color pigments (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta,
An optimal mixture of yellow dye), TFT106
Another example is a method of forming an insulating thin film with SiO ₂ or the like on the upper surface, and patterning and forming a metal thin film as a light shielding film on the insulating thin film. There is also a method in which amorphous silicon is vapor-deposited thickly to form a light-shielding film. Further, the TFT 106 preferably employs an inverted stagger structure in which a semiconductor layer is formed under the gate.

In the PD liquid crystal display panel, the TFT1
The switching element such as 06 is preferably formed by a polysilicon technique so that photocon is less likely to occur. The polysilicon technology includes a high temperature polysilicon technology which is a semiconductor technology for producing a normal IC, and a low temperature polysilicon technology for forming an amorphous silicon film which has been actively developed in recent years and crystallizing the film. In particular, it is preferable to form the TFT 106 by a low-temperature polysilicon technique that can incorporate a drive circuit and can manufacture a panel at low cost. In the TFT 106 formed by the above technology, the photoconductor phenomenon is much less likely to occur as compared with the TFT formed by the amorphous silicon technology which is currently put to practical use in pocket televisions and the like. Therefore, it is most suitable for a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel that performs light modulation by scattering-transmission.

When the light-shielding film 109 is formed of resin, any light-absorbing material contained in the resin may be any material as long as it has high electric insulation and does not adversely affect the liquid crystal layer 108. For example, a black dye or pigment dispersed in resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acid dye like a color filter. As an example of the black dye, it is possible to use a single fluoran dye that turns black, or to use a color-arranged black in which a green dye and a red dye are mixed.

Although the above materials are all black materials,
When the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, it is not limited to this.
The light shielding film 109 of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates the R light may absorb the R light. That is, in order to absorb a specific wavelength, for example, a light absorbing material for a color filter may be used after being improved so as to obtain a desired light absorbing characteristic. Basically, similarly to the above-mentioned black absorbing material, it is possible to use a material in which a natural resin is dyed with a dye or a dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin. The range of selection of the dye is wider than that of the black dye, and an appropriate one selected from azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and the like, or a combination of two or more thereof may be used. Further, as a measure against impurities in the light absorption film, it is possible to remove the alkali metal in the dye (pigment).

Many black dyes such as carbon adversely affect the liquid crystal layer 108. Therefore, its use is not preferable. Therefore, it is preferable to employ a dye capable of absorbing a specific wavelength as a dye contained in the light absorbing thin film as described above.

By using a resin material for the light shielding film 109, the adhesion with the liquid crystal layer 108 is improved. In particular, it is desirable to adopt the same acrylic resin as the resin material of the liquid crystal layer 108.

When the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, it is preferable that light be incident from the array substrate 101 side. The light incident on the liquid crystal layer 108 is scattered, causing halation and the like, and may become heat to deteriorate the liquid crystal display panel. The aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display panel is usually about 50%, though it depends on the panel size and the number of pixels. When light is incident from the array substrate 101 side, only light corresponding to the aperture ratio is incident on the liquid crystal layer 108, and other light is reflected by the gate signal line 201 and the like.

However, if the light is incident from the array substrate 101 side, it is considered that the incident light directly enters the semiconductor layer of the TFT 106. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
A light shielding film 506 is formed under the T106. As a manufacturing method, a metal material such as Cr or Ta that becomes a light shielding film is vapor-deposited on the glass substrate 101, and the light shielding film 506 is patterned. After that, an insulating film 501b of SiO ₂ , SiNx or the like is vapor-deposited to a thickness of 5000 Å (Å) or more. This thickness should be thick. This is because the parasitic capacitance is also reduced. Further, the unevenness of the light shielding film 506 is eliminated and the smoothness is improved. Next, the amorphous silicon film is deposited, dehydrogenated, and then irradiated with excimer laser to crystallize the amorphous silicon. After that, the crystallized film may be formed into islands, and TFTs, pixel electrodes, and the like may be sequentially formed.

The source terminal of the TFT 106 is connected to the source signal line, and the drain terminal is connected to the pixel electrode 107. Further, the insulating layer 501a is formed over the semiconductor 505 and the gate electrode 504 is formed thereover. This gate electrode 504
The light shielding film 504 is formed thereover.

The light-shielding film 506 is made of Cr and has a thickness of 1000 A or more. However, if it is too thick, the surface of the TFT 106 may be uneven, and the formation of the TFT 106 may not be successful.
Therefore, it should be kept below 2000A.

It is also necessary to take measures against light leakage from the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 123, the light shielding film 506 is formed in the lower layer of the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 107. Just like enclosing the pixel electrode. That is, TFT
The light shielding film 506 is formed under 106, under the gate signal line 201, and under the source signal line. Conventionally, the light shielding film (black matrix (BM)) is formed on the counter electrode. This BM is formed on the array substrate 101.

By forming on the array substrate 101 in this way, it is not necessary to align the substrate (counter electrode substrate) on which the BM is formed and the array substrate 101 and to bond them. Therefore, displacement of the light-shielding film does not occur, the aperture ratio increases, and cost reduction can be expected. Also in this case, the insulating layer 501 should preferably be thick. This is because the gate signal line 201, the source signal line, and the light-shielding film 506 serve as electrodes of the capacitor to form a capacitor. The thicker the insulating film 501, the smaller the capacitance.

As shown in FIG. 4, the opposite drive circuit 10
4, source drive circuit 301, gate drive circuit 3
No. 02 is preferably formed by using a polysilicon technique for the substrate 101 in view of cost reduction. However, there is a method of using a silicon chip as the gate drive circuit 302 as shown in FIG. The source drive circuit 301 is
It is formed by polysilicon technology as shown in FIG. However, it does not exclude that the source drive circuit 301 and the opposite drive circuit 101 are configured by a silicon chip.

It is desirable to form the gate drive circuit 302 with a silicon chip because the gate signal line 201 is preferable.
This is because the voltage applied to is relatively high. In the current technology, the high-temperature polysilicon technology has a mobility of less than 150, and the low-temperature polysilicon technology has a mobility of about 100, which is relatively difficult to increase the output voltage. Further, the characteristics of the gate insulating film are relatively low, and increasing the output voltage tends to cause deterioration in reliability. In that respect, a drive circuit formed of crystalline silicon or the like has a high mobility of about 500, and the reliability is very good.

Regarding the applied voltage of the liquid crystal display panel, the ON voltage applied to the gate signal line is higher than the positive voltage applied to the source signal line by about 3V, and the OFF voltage is higher than the negative voltage applied to the source signal line. It is about 3V lower. for that reason,
The power supply voltage of the gate drive circuit is about 5 to 6 (V) more than the peak-to-peak power supply voltage of the source drive circuit
It is usually higher.

The power supply voltage of the source drive circuit is 15
Since it is (V) to 18 (V), the power supply voltage of the gate drive circuit becomes 20 (V) or higher. At present, it is relatively difficult to set the drive circuit formed by the polysilicon technology to 20 (V) or more. However, it is easy with a silicon chip. Therefore, the gate drive circuit 302 is manufactured with a silicon chip (semiconductor chip) and mounted on the substrate 101 as shown in FIG.

As a mounting method, a TAB technique or a glass on chip (COG) technique is used. Above all, it is preferable to use the COG technique from the viewpoint of space saving. The COG technique used in the present invention will be described below. In addition,
The semiconductor chip in this case is called a drive IC.

The drive IC 302 uses a plating technique or a nail head bonding technique for each output terminal portion of 5 μm.
A protruding electrode 702 made of gold (Au) having a height of m to 100 μm is formed. It is necessary to use gold having a purity of 99.9% or more. If impurities are contained, corrosion etc. may occur. The protruding electrode 702 and the terminal electrode 7
05 is electrically connected via a conductive bonding layer 703 (conductive adhesive). The conductive bonding layer 703 is mainly composed of an epoxy-based or phenol-based adhesive as an adhesive, and is made of silver (A
g), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), carbon (C), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) and other flakes. Further, an acrylic ultraviolet curing resin or the like can be used as the adhesive.

Signal line terminal 705 and the protruding electrode 702.
Since it is necessary to perform alignment when connecting and, the terminal of the signal line is formed of ITO. This is the pixel electrode 107
It is formed at the same time as ITO. Further, in order to reduce the resistance value of the signal line, a metal film is formed in the peripheral portion of the terminal.

The peripheral portion of the liquid crystal layer 108 is sealed with a sealing resin (sealant). The sealant includes epoxy type and photo-curing acrylic type, but acrylic type is preferable. Further, a protective resin made of silicon resin or silicon rubber is applied to the drive IC 302 in advance. The protective resin has an effect of preventing entry of moisture into the protruding electrode 702 and also has an effect of bringing the drive IC 302 and the substrate 101 into close contact with each other.
For that purpose, it is necessary to dispose the protective resin 704 between the drive IC 302 and the substrate 101. The volume of the protective resin 704 becomes small when it is cured, and the drive IC 302 and the substrate 101 are brought into close contact with each other. Further, even when a circuit is formed by the polysilicon technique as shown in FIG. 8, it is preferable to form the protective resin 704 on the circuit. Circuit 301
This is to prevent water from entering into and to prevent mechanical breakage.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a drive circuit for a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention. In FIG. 10, 1001 is an amplifier for amplifying a video signal to a predetermined value, and 1002 is a phase division circuit for producing a positive polarity and a negative polarity video signal. Note that the positive polarity means a high potential with respect to the potential of the counter electrode (hereinafter referred to as a common voltage), and the negative polarity means a low potential. 10
03 is a field (frame) or 1 horizontal scan (1
H) An output switching circuit that outputs an AC video signal whose polarity is inverted every period, 401 is a liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG.

The operation of the drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention will be described below. First, in the amplifier 1001,
The gain is adjusted so that the amplitude of the video signal corresponds to the electro-optical time characteristic of the liquid crystal. Next, the gain-adjusted video signal enters the phase division circuit 1002, and two video signals of positive polarity and negative polarity with respect to the common voltage are produced. The two video signals enter the output switching circuit 1003, and the output switching circuit 1003 outputs a video signal whose polarity is inverted every 1H period. The reason for reversing the polarity of the signal is to apply an AC voltage to the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is chemically decomposed and deteriorated when a DC voltage is applied. Also,
Image sticking occurs on the displayed image. Next, the output switching circuit 1
The video signal output from 003 is input to the source drive circuit 301, and the source drive circuit 301 receives the control signal (timing signal) from the drive control circuit 1004 and the gate drive circuit 302 and the opposite drive circuit 1
In synchronization with 04, the sampled video signal is applied to the source signal line of the liquid crystal display panel 401.

FIG. 11 shows a signal waveform when attention is paid to one pixel. However, it is drawn as a model. The actual driving method is different from that shown in FIG. 11 due to the parasitic capacitance of the TFT 106 and the like. Further, the applied voltage and the like will be conceptually described as an example. 1101 is a waveform applied to the stripe electrode, 110
Reference numeral 2 is an applied waveform to the source signal line, and 1103 is an applied waveform to the gate signal line.

Opposing drive circuit 104 outputs the potentials of + V _a and -V _a . Further, the output potential in the first field or frame (1F) is the stripe electrode C.
_The voltage is output so that + V _a is output to _2i (where i is an integer) and −V _a is input to C _2i-1 . In the next field (frame), + V _a is output to the striped electrode C _2i−1 , and −V _a is output to C _2i . In order to drive to have these potentials, each stripe electrode 102 may be rewritten every scanning period (1H). That is, when the striped electrode C _2i has a + V _a voltage and the C _2i-1 has a −V _a voltage,
The opposite signal line C ₁ is changed to + V _a , and C _{2 is changed} to −V _a after 1H.
Then, after 1 H, C ₃ may be changed to + V _a . If the voltage is changed as described above, all the striped electrodes 1 after one field (frame)
The potential of 02 changes. In the next field (frame), the counter signal line C ₁ is again changed to −V _a .

The voltage V _a is lower than the rising voltage of the liquid crystal. The rising voltage of the liquid crystal means a voltage at which the alignment state of the liquid crystal starts to change in the TN liquid crystal, and a voltage at which the liquid crystal polymerized liquid crystal starts to become in the transmissive state. Therefore, incident light is not modulated even when a voltage equal to or lower than the rising voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. That is, if the V _a voltage is equal to or lower than the rising voltage of the liquid crystal, when the pixel electrode is 0 (V), the liquid crystal layer 10
8 is never in a transparent state. However, the voltage V _a does not need to be strictly lower than the rising voltage. Even if it is slightly higher than V _a , it does not affect the image display. The screen is a little brighter. Brightness can also be adjusted by increasing V _a .

On the other hand, the source drive circuit 301 also changes the polarity of the signal every 1H. In FIG. 11, the source signal line outputs voltages of −V _b and + V _b . However, it is needless to say that this is during raster display, and when a moving image is displayed on the liquid crystal display panel, a constant voltage output such as ± V _b is not output. A driving method for changing the polarity of the output signal of the source drive IC every 1H is called 1H inversion driving.

The 1H inversion drive is schematically shown in FIG. In FIG. 12, one pixel is indicated by a square, a state in which a positive voltage is written in the pixel is +, and a state in which a negative voltage is written is −. In a certain field (frame), the voltage writing state is shown in FIG.
Then, the writing state of the voltage after one field (frame) is shown in FIG.

The gate drive circuit 302 outputs a voltage higher than the maximum output voltage (hereinafter referred to as ON voltage) so that the voltage from the source signal line can be surely written in the pixel electrode, and the voltage from the source signal line is also supplied. TF even at the minimum output voltage
A low voltage (hereinafter, T106 is not turned on)
It is called off voltage).

When the TFT 106 is turned on, the pixel electrode 107
-V _b voltage is written to. At that time, the striped electrode C ₁ is held at the + V _a voltage. In the next field (frame), the + V _b voltage is written in the pixel electrode 107,
At that time, the stripe-shaped electrode C ₁ is held at the −V _a voltage. The above changes are repeated for each field (frame). Therefore, _a voltage of V _c = V _a + V _b is applied to the pixel. The change in the stripe-shaped electrode C ₁ is _a binary value of + V _a or −V _a . The voltage written in the pixel in the TFT 106 changes depending on the display image.

In the driving method described above, a high voltage can be applied to the pixel by forming the counter electrode in a stripe shape. But,
Considering the operation center of the TFT 106, only the conventional 1H inversion drive is performed. Therefore, the source drive circuit 301 and the gate drive circuit 302 can be conventional ones, and it is not necessary to improve the breakdown voltage of the TFT 106. This can be applied even if the switching element is a varistor, MIM, or the like, or can be applied by slightly changing it.

For example, if V _a = 4 (V) and the maximum output voltage of the source drive circuit 302 is 6 (V), then V a
_It is possible to drive _c = 4 + 6 = 10 (V). In the case of PD liquid crystal, when the film thickness is 10 μm, the voltage that can be almost transmitted is 6
(V). At 12 μm, the scattering characteristics are low, and high display contrast cannot be expected. If 10 (V) can be applied to the liquid crystal layer, the thickness of the liquid crystal can be in the vicinity of 15 μm or more, and the scattering characteristics are dramatically improved. Therefore,
A high display contrast can be realized. According to the present invention, the conventional array substrate can be used as it is on the array substrate side. The manufacturing cost is not so high, and T
The FT 106 is not deteriorated by the voltage stress.

Particularly in the case of PD liquid crystal, the rising voltage V _a also increases as the film thickness increases. Therefore, the voltage applied to the stripe electrode 102 can be increased, which is convenient. That is, even if the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is increased, the configuration shown in FIG. The thickness of the TN liquid crystal cannot be changed to 4 to 5 μm. Therefore, even if the structure of the stripe-shaped electrode is adopted, there is not much advantage. The PD liquid crystal 108 is solid. Therefore, a counter substrate is not necessary, and the weight can be reduced.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing the structure of the display panel of the present invention in more detail. Each source signal line Sj
An analog switch 1304 including a P-channel MOS transistor and an N-channel MOS transistor is connected to (where 1 ≦ j ≦ n), and a video signal line (SI) is connected to a source terminal of each analog switch 1304.
G) is connected. The gate terminal of the analog switch is connected to the output of the NAND (NAND) 1302 with or without the inverter (INV) 1303. One terminal of the input of the NAND 1302 is connected to the out enable (OE) terminal, and the other terminal is connected to the output of the shift register (SR) 1301.

Normally, the OE terminal is set to L level, and S
The output of R1301 is transmitted to the analog switch 1304. The SR sequentially shifts the data, and the analog switch 1304 which is the output of the data is closed, and the SIG signal at that time is sampled and output to the source signal line Sj. The TFT 106 writes the data of the source signal line Sj to the pixel electrode 107 in synchronization with the gate drive circuit 302. The other analog switch 1304 is in an open state.

When the OE terminal becomes H level, all the analog switches 1304 are closed, and the SIG signal at that time is sampled and output to the source signal line Sj (1≤j≤n). That is, the same video data is written in all the source signal lines.

The signal applied to the SIG signal line is applied with the signal polarity inverted every −H during −H inversion driving. In the 1F (1 field) inversion drive, the signal polarity is inverted and applied every 1F. Hereinafter, in order to facilitate the description, 1H inversion driving will be described as an example.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram at the time of 1H inversion driving. The polarity of the SIG signal is inverted every 1H. O
The E terminal has a predetermined period H before and after the HD sync signal of the HS signal.
It is at the level and is at the L level during the other period. A signal of amplitude A is superimposed on the SIG signal in synchronization with the H level. The amplitude A of the signal is determined based on the magnitude and amplitude of a video signal (hereinafter referred to as a display video signal) displayed in the display area. When the amplitude value of the display video signal is large, the amplitude A is increased, and conversely, when it is small, the amplitude A is decreased.

The OE terminal outputs an H level signal in synchronization with the period (time) in which the amplitude A superimposed in the blanking period is applied. In other words, as you can see in Figure 13,
During this period, all the analog switches 1304 are turned on, and the signal having the amplitude H is written in all the source signal lines.

Writing the signal of the amplitude H in this way is as follows.
This is for precharging the source signal line before writing the display video signal. The source signal line has a capacitance and has a constant time constant. Therefore, the characteristics of charging the source signal line are improved by charging in advance. Especially, the main purpose of the amplitude A at the time a before the display video signal is to charge the source signal line. The main purpose of the amplitude A at b is to reduce the luminance gradient at the beginning and end of writing on the display screen.

Next, another embodiment of the driving method will be described. FIG. 120 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional problem. Figure 1
20 (a) shows the waveform of the SIG signal in the display area in the conventional 1H period. For ease of explanation, the white raster display is taken as an example for explanation. In a normally black mode (NB mode) video signal, a blanking period is a black level (common voltage) signal (that is, point A), and a white level (IRE100%, that is, point B) is displayed in the display area. However, it is impossible for an amplifier or the like that outputs a SIG signal to rapidly change from a black level to a white level. This is because infinite bandwidth characteristics are required.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 120 (b),
Even if an attempt is made to suddenly change the black level to the white level at the start of an image, a certain rise time (A → B) is required. Therefore, the video start portion of the display screen is displayed in gray instead of white.

In order to solve this problem, the present invention outputs a white level video signal to the SIG signal line before the video starts, as shown in FIG. 121 (b). That is, even if the output band of the amplifier is narrow, the white level voltage value is reached at the point A at the beginning of the image by outputting the white level image signal in advance at the point C as shown in FIG. 121 (c). Therefore, the gray display on the left side does not occur as shown in FIG.

Whether or not to output the white level signal at the point C is determined based on the amplitude value in the h period (image start) of FIG. 121 (b). This can be done by A / D converting the display video signal, storing it in a memory, and determining it from the size of the digital data corresponding to the h period.

Therefore, when the amplitude value of the display video signal is small as shown in FIG. 122 (especially when the amplitude value in the h period is small), it is not necessary to superimpose the white level signal with C time-delay as the SIG signal (FIG. 122 (c)). The amplitude output at point C may be determined based on the response time of the liquid crystal and the band of the amplifier that outputs the SIG signal. When the response time of the liquid crystal is slow and the band of the amplifier is narrow, it is necessary to increase the amplitude output at the point C and / or to set the point C as early as possible (long the time from the point C to start the image). This may be determined by experiments or the like.

The description from FIG. 120 to FIG. 122 is for the NB mode. In the normally white (NW) mode, the opposite (white level and black level) may be considered, and description thereof will be omitted.

Display panels according to other embodiments of the present invention will be sequentially described below. In FIG. 15, in addition to the invention of FIG. 2, a light shielding film 901 is formed between the stripe electrodes 102. For the material of the light-shielding film, refer to FIG.
9 and FIG. 9 (b), etc., and thus will be omitted. Further, an insulating film 1501 is formed on the surface which is in contact with the liquid crystal layer 108.

FIG. 16 shows a protective film 10 in addition to the invention of FIG.
3, a protective sheet 1602 is further arranged or formed on it. Examples of the protection sheet 1602 include organic films such as polyester, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and plates such as glass and ceramics. In the case where the display panel is a reflective type and the striped electrodes 102 are composed of reflective electrodes made of metal or the like, the protective sheet 1602 may be a metal plate, a metal thin film, a black resin film, a film containing carbon, or the like. .

On the other hand, a dielectric film 1601 made of a dielectric material having a relative dielectric constant lower than that of the liquid crystal layer 108 is formed between the adjacent pixel electrodes 107. The dielectric film 1601
May be formed by either thin film technology or thick film technology. Also,
In addition to patterning and forming on the source signal line and the gate signal line 201, the low dielectric film 1601 is formed over the entire area of the signal line, and the low dielectric film 160 is formed.
The case where the pixel electrode 107 is formed on the first layer is also included.

The low dielectric film 1601 is formed in order to prevent the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 108 from being abnormally oriented due to the electric field from the source signal line or the like or the electric field between adjacent pixels. As a countermeasure, a low dielectric film 1601 is formed.

Examples of the low dielectric material include inorganic materials such as SiO ₂ and SiNx, polymers 602 of the liquid crystal layer 108, resists, and organic materials such as PVA. By forming the low dielectric material into a thin film or a thick film as shown in FIG. 16, it is possible to prevent electromagnetic coupling between the signal line 201 and the pixel electrode 107. Of course, electromagnetic coupling between the signal line 201 and the striped electrode (counter electrode) can also be prevented,
The liquid crystal layer 108 on the low dielectric film 1601 is almost always in a scattering state or a non-operating state.

Although the low dielectric material is formed in a film shape in FIG. 16, the invention is not limited to this, and it may be formed in a columnar shape.

The pillars and the low-dielectric film 1601 made of a low dielectric material can be easily formed in this way because the PD liquid crystal display panel does not require the alignment treatment called rubbing unlike the TN liquid crystal display panel. If the columns made of a low dielectric material and the low dielectric film 1601 are formed, it is difficult to perform an alignment treatment called rubbing. The rubbing cloth is caught on the pillar or the low dielectric film 1601 made of the low dielectric material and the surface of the substrate 101 is not rubbed well (cannot be rubbed).
This is because.

The low dielectric film 1601 may be colored.
By coloring, the light diffusely reflected in the liquid crystal layer 108 can be absorbed and the image quality is improved. A black dye or pigment dispersed in a resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acid dye like a color filter. As an example of the black dye, it is possible to use a single fluoran dye that turns black, or to use a color-arranged black in which a green dye and a red dye are mixed.

The above materials are all black materials,
When the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, the present invention is not limited to this.
R light may be absorbed as the low dielectric film 1601 of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates light. Therefore, a natural resin can be dyed with a dye, or a material in which a dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin can be used. For example, one of azo dye, anthraquinone dye, phthalocyanine dye, triphenylmethane dye, and the like, or two of them
You can combine more than one type. In particular, it is preferable to use those having a complementary color relationship. For example, when the incident light is blue, the resin is colored yellow.

The above applies to the other display panels of the present invention. As described above, the technical idea disclosed in the present invention is naturally applied to other embodiments even if it is not shown in the drawings. For example, FIG. 1 does not have a counter substrate, and FIG. 18 has a counter substrate 110, but a display panel in which the counter substrate 110 is removed in FIG. 18 is also included in the technical idea of the display panel of the present invention. The fifteen insulating films 1501 are also applied to other embodiments.

FIG. 18 shows the liquid crystal layer 108 as the first liquid crystal layer 10.
8a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b. The first liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107 and the counter electrode 1801, and the second liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the counter electrode 1801 and the striped electrode 102a.
The pixel electrode 107 is not limited to the transmissive type (formed of a transparent electrode such as ITO), but may be a reflective electrode formed of a metal material such as Cr, Al, or Ti. This also applies to the other embodiments.

The first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 10
8b may change the average particle diameter of the water droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network. A guest-host liquid crystal may be contained in the first or second liquid crystal layer,
Further, the polymer may be colored with a dye or the like. Further, the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed. In any case, the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 10
8b may be the same, but one may be changed (if different). Further, the liquid crystal layer 108 is not limited to PD liquid crystal, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a may be PD liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal layer 108b may be TN liquid crystal. Further, although the striped electrode 102a is formed on the counter substrate 110, the counter electrode 1801 may be formed on the counter substrate 110 and the counter electrode 1801 may be a striped electrode.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view in a direction parallel to the gate signal line 201, while FIG. 19 is a sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the gate signal line 201. As shown in FIG. 19, it is preferable to form an insulating film 1501 made of polyimide or the like at a position where the electrodes (the pixel electrode 107, the counter electrode 1801, the stripe-shaped electrode 102) and the liquid crystal layer 108 are in contact with each other.

Each electrode preferably has a structure of an antireflection film. When each electrode is made of ITO, the refractive index n _{2 of} ITO is 1.9 to 2.0. On the other hand, the liquid crystal layer 10
N _x refractive index and the glass substrate 8 is 1.5 to 1.6. Therefore, the light is reflected due to the difference in refractive index between the two.
Since the reflectance is represented by ((n _x −n ₂ ) / (n _x + n ₂ )) ² , it is 2% at the − interface and 4% at both interfaces of ITO. If there are three electrodes as shown in FIG. 19, 4% × 3 = 12
% Of light is reflected, resulting in loss. As a countermeasure, each electrode adopts the structure of the antireflection film shown in FIG. In addition,
The following configuration is also effective when each electrode is a reflective electrode. This is because the reflectance is increased.

FIG. 20A shows a three-layer structure of a dielectric thin film 2002b (first thin film), an electrode 2001, and a dielectric thin film 2002a (second thin film). The optical thickness of the electrode 2001 is λ / 2 (λ is the design dominant wavelength), and the dielectric thin film 2002 is λ / 2, respectively. Needless to say, the electrode 2001 acts as an electrode that applies an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 108.

First thin film 2002b and second thin film 2
It is desirable that the refractive index of 002a is 1.60 or more and 1.80 or less.
Yes. As an example, SiO, Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, MgO, C
eF ₃, WO₃, PbF₂Is exemplified.

An embodiment of a specific configuration will be described (Table 1).
21 and the spectral reflectance thereof are shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 21, according to the configuration of (Table 1), the wavelength bandwidth 20
A characteristic with a reflectance of 0.1% or less over 0 nm or more can be realized, and an extremely high antireflection effect can be obtained. In each table of the present invention, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 21 in the scattering state is 1.6, but this value changes if the liquid crystal material and the polymer material change. When the refractive index of the liquid crystal in the scattering state is n _x , the refractive indices of the first and second dielectric thin films are n ₁ and the refractive index of the ITO thin film is n ₂ , then n _x <n ₁ <
It suffices to satisfy the condition of n ₂ .

[0135]

[Table 1]

First thin film 2002b and second thin film 2
The refractive index of 002a is preferably 1.60 or more and 1.80 or less. In each of the embodiments shown in (Table 1), SiO was used, but one or both of the thin films were replaced with Al.
Any of ₂ O ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , MgO, CeF ₃ , WO ₃ , and PbF ₂ may be used.

Table 2 shows a case where the first thin film 2002b and the second thin film 2002a are made of Y ₂ O ₃ . 22 shows the spectral reflectance.

[0138]

[Table 2]

The spectral reflectance of FIG. 22 tends to be slightly higher for B light and R light than in the case of FIG.

Similarly, (Table 3) shows the case where the first thin film 2002b is made of SiO and the second thin film 2002a is made of Y ₂ O ₃ . The spectral reflectance thereof is shown in FIG. It realizes an extremely excellent antireflection effect of 0.1% or less over the entire visible light region.

[0141]

[Table 3]

Table 1 shows the first thin film 2002b as Al ₂
The case where the second thin film 2002a is made of SiO is shown in O ₃ . The spectral reflectance thereof is shown in FIG. In the R light and B light regions, the reflectance exceeds 0.5% and cannot be said to be appropriate.

[0143]

[Table 4]

As described above, by forming the dielectric thin films 2002b and 2002a in three layers on both surfaces of the electrode 2001, a reflected light preventing effect can be provided. However, as shown in FIGS. 21 to 24, the spectral reflectance changes as the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 108 changes. In other words, the optimum design is important because it depends on the liquid crystal material.

If the liquid crystal layer 108 is in direct contact with each electrode, the liquid crystal layer 108 is likely to deteriorate. It is considered that this is because impurities and the like in the electrodes are eluted into the liquid crystal layer 108. When the dielectric thin film 2002 is formed between the electrode and the liquid crystal layer 108 as in the above-mentioned three-layer structure, the liquid crystal layer 108 is not deteriorated. In particular, when the dielectric thin film 2002 is Al ₂ O ₃ or Y ₂ O ₃ , it is particularly good.

When the dielectric thin film 2002 is SiO, SiO
There is a tendency that the refractive index of is decreased. This is the liquid crystal 108
It is considered that this is because oxygen atoms such as H ₂ O and O ₂ contained in a trace amount are bound to SiO and SiO is changed to SiO ₂ . In that sense, the configurations of (Table 1) and (Table 4) are not suitable. However, SiO does not change to SiO ₂ in a short period of time and can be practically used.

The optical thicknesses of the first and second dielectric thin films are λ / 4 and the optical thicknesses of the electrodes are λ / 2.
The optical film thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films 2002 is set to λ.
/ 4, and the optical film thickness of the electrode 2001 may be λ / 4.

Further, in terms of the theory of the antireflection film, N
Is an odd number of 1 or more, and M is an integer of 1 or more, the optical film thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films 2002 is (N ·
λ) / 4, the optical thickness of the ITO thin film 2001 is (N ·
It may be λ) / 4. Alternatively, the optical thicknesses of the first and second dielectric thin films 2002 are (N · λ) / 4, IT
The optical film thickness of the O thin film 2001 may be (M · λ) / 2.

Further, as shown in FIG. 20 (b), the first
One of the second thin film 2002 and the second thin film 2002 can be omitted. In that case, although the performance as antireflection is somewhat lowered, it is often practically sufficient. Also, FIG.
As shown in (c), a two-layer structure in which the optical film thickness of the electrode is λ / 4 and the optical film thickness of the dielectric thin film is λ / 4 may be used.

As described above, by forming a dielectric thin film before or after each electrode 2001, the light transmittance is improved, high brightness display can be performed, and reflected light can be prevented, so that the display contrast is significantly increased. Can be improved.

In Tables 1 to 4, one of the dielectric thin films is in contact with the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer has a refractive index of 1.60, and the other has a glass substrate with a refractive index of 1.5.
2 However, in FIG. 18 and the like, both electrodes 1801 are in contact with the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the dielectric thin film formed in contact with the electrode 1801 is different from the states of (Table 1) to (Table 4). However, in this case, the glass substrate may be replaced with liquid crystal. The refractive index of the glass substrate is 1.
At 52, the liquid crystal has a refractive index of 1.60, and the difference in the refractive index is slight. Therefore, even if the glass substrate is a liquid crystal, the spectral characteristics shown in FIG.

Further, the antireflection effect can be provided without forming a dielectric thin film on at least one surface of the electrode. For example, the optical film thickness of the electrode may be set to λ / 2.
λ is the central wavelength of light incident on the display panel. When the display panel is used as a light valve of a projection display device, λ is a panel that modulates R light and
A panel that modulates G light has a central wavelength of G light, and a panel that modulates B light has a central wavelength of B light. That is, the optical film thickness of the electrode is set to the optimum value with respect to the wavelength of incident light. In this case, the spectral characteristic becomes a V-shaped curve. However, in the case of a light valve or the like, the band of light modulated by each light valve is narrow, which is practically sufficient.
This is because the bottom part of the V-shaped curve has the bandwidth of the modulated light, and the reflected light is hardly generated.

Of the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the display panel,
It is preferable to form an AIR coat 1901 on at least one side, preferably both sides, as shown in FIG. This is to prevent reflected light and improve the light transmittance of the display panel.

The AIR coat 1901 has a three-layer structure or a two-layer structure. In the case of three layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a wide wavelength band of visible light, and this is called a multi-coat. In the case of two layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a specific visible light wavelength band, and this is called a V coat. The multi coat and the V coat are used properly according to the use of the liquid crystal display device. Normally, the V-coat is used when a liquid crystal display device is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, and the multi-coat is used when the liquid crystal display device is used as a direct-view type panel.

N is the refractive index of each thin film, d₁The thin film
When the theoretical thickness is λ and the design wavelength is λ,
In the case of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) Is the optical film thickness n
d = λ / 4, zirconium (ZrO₂) Is nd₁= Λ /
2, magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) Is nd₁= Λ / 4 product
Layered and formed. Usually, λ is 520 nm or
The thin film is formed as a value in the vicinity of. In the case of V coat
Optical thickness nd of silicon monoxide (SiO)₁= Λ / 4
And magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) Is nd₁= Λ / 4, also
Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) And Magnesium fluoride
Mu (MgF₂) Is nd₁= Λ / 4 stacked layers. Na
Oh, because SiO has an absorption band on the blue side, it modulates blue light.
Y to do₂O₃It is better to use. Also, the stability of the substance
Y from sex ₂O₃Is preferable because it is more stable.

In FIG. 18, the stripe electrodes 102 are formed on the counter substrate 110. However, this counter substrate 11
Needless to say, 0 may be removed as shown in FIG. 1 to reduce the weight of the display panel.

The second liquid crystal layer 108b mainly changes the brightness level of the screen. First liquid crystal layer 108
a displays an image in a matrix.

FIG. 25 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 26 and 27 are explanatory views of the display panel of the present invention.

The operation of the display panel of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 26 and 27. Video images include dark images (night scenes, etc.) and bright images (shore scenes in fine weather, etc.). When a dark image and a bright image are displayed on one display panel, it is difficult to display the gradation characteristics. Especially, in the case of a liquid crystal display panel, only about 100 gradations can be displayed. If a dark image is displayed using 50 gradations from the bottom of the 100 gradations, and a bright image is displayed using 50 gradations from the top of the 100 gradations, a dark screen and a bright screen are displayed. The gradation characteristics are insufficient on both sides, resulting in an image display of blackout and whiteout. Therefore, in order to display both a dark screen and a bright screen favorably on one liquid crystal display panel, it is basically necessary to set the gradation characteristics to 100 or more. Since the PD liquid crystal display panel can perform high-intensity display, bright image display is good, but dark image display is disappointing.

Therefore, in the present invention, the second liquid crystal layer 108b is used.
To obtain display brightness and contrast,
At 08a, a matrix image is displayed. As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the counter electrode 1801 is the liquid crystal layer 108.
It operates as a common electrode for a and 108b.

For ease of explanation, it is assumed that a voltage of 0 (V) to V ₂ (V) is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 108b, and 0 (V) is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 108a. V) ~ V ₁
The description will be made assuming that the voltage of (V) is applied. The light modulation mode of the liquid crystal will be described as the NB mode.

Counter electrode 1801 and stripe electrode 10
When a voltage is applied between the two, the light transmittance changes according to the applied voltage. Similarly, the pixel electrode 107 and the counter electrode 180
When a voltage is applied across 1, the light transmittance changes according to the applied voltage. The voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 108a is 0 (V)
As the voltage changes from V ₁ (V) to V ₁ (V), the liquid crystal layer starts transmitting light at a rising voltage V ₀ or higher, and a TV curve shown by a one-dot diagonal line in FIG. 27 is obtained. On the other hand, the second liquid crystal layer 1
Similarly, in 08b, the light transmittance changes according to the applied voltage. The second liquid crystal layer 108b has a transmittance of T ₁ when a voltage V ₂ is applied. With the two liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b, the transmittance can be changed from almost 0 to T ₂ .

That is, in the first liquid crystal layer 108a, T ₂ −
Changes in T _1, can be realized change of the second liquid crystal layer 108b in T ₁ -0. Therefore, gradation characteristics can be significantly improved as compared with one liquid crystal layer. For example, the liquid crystal layer 108a is 100
If the gradation and the liquid crystal layer 108b can express 80 gradations, the display panel of the present invention can realize 100 + 80 = 180 gradations. However, the second liquid crystal layer 108b changes the transmittance of the entire row, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a changes the transmittance of each pixel 107.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method and a driving circuit of the display panel shown in FIG. Video signal is A / D
The conversion circuit 2901 converts it into a digital signal, and the digital signal is a frame memory or a line memory 2902.
Are sequentially stored in. The data stored in the frame memory is added by a circuit 2903 (1H period operation circuit) for calculating row by row, and an average value is obtained. More preferably, the maximum value, the minimum value, and the luminance distribution (pixel transmittance distribution) within the 1H period are obtained and reflected in the calculation result. The reason is that even if the average value of one row is the same value, if a black and white striped pattern occurs, when all the same data like a raster signal,
This is because only a few pixels have peak luminance (transmittance), and the appearance of the displayed image is completely different from the case where the luminance of other pixels is low. The most optimum calculation result can be calculated by calculating the maximum value, the minimum value, etc. and reflecting them in the calculation result. Note that the calculation here does not mean only calculation, but is a broad concept of performing some kind of data processing.

The operation result of the 1H period operation circuit 2903 is D
D / A conversion circuit 2 transferred to the A / A conversion circuit 2904a.
It is converted into a voltage value at 904a. The striped electrodes 10 corresponding to the pixels in the corresponding row for which the voltage value is calculated
2 is applied.

Therefore, the transmittance shown in FIG. 27 takes a value from 0 to T ₁ due to the voltage applied to the stripe electrode.

On the other hand, the data in the frame memory 2902 is subjected to video signal processing as shown in FIG. This is designated as a video signal processing circuit 2905 in FIG.
The data from the video signal processing circuit 2905 is converted into analog data by the D / A conversion circuit 2904b, transferred to the source drive IC (source drive circuit) 301, and the analog data is output to the source signal line to output each pixel electrode 1
It is written in 07. Then, each pixel electrode 107 is
That is, the TV curve from the one-dot diagonal line to the solid line shown in FIG. 7 is taken.

The horizontal synchronizing signal HS and the vertical synchronizing signal V
S is input to the drive control circuit 1004, and a timing signal is generated by a PLL circuit (not shown) or the like. The timing signals are the gate drive IC (gate drive circuit) 302, the counter drive IC (counter drive circuit) 1
04 and source drive IC (source drive circuit)
Then, the circuits are operated in synchronization with each other.

By performing the calculation for each pixel row as described above, the gradation characteristic is improved. Further, the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 107 and the voltage applied to the stripe-shaped electrode 102 are about 6 to 8 (V), and the current polysilicon technology or the like can be sufficiently applied. The circuit reliability is also sufficient. Further, the scattering characteristics seen continuously with the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b (scattering characteristics when two liquid crystal layers are overlapped) are very good, and high contrast display can be realized.

The first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 10
Both 8b are preferably formed of PD liquid crystal,
One of them may be TN liquid crystal, or PLZT or the like. Further, guest-host liquid crystal is preferably mixed into one of the liquid crystal layers 108 in order to improve the contrast. In addition, in order to avoid a decrease in light transmittance,
It is preferable that the second liquid crystal layer 108b have a smaller film thickness or scattering characteristics than the first liquid crystal layer 108a or have a lower scattering characteristic.

The above description is for the method of calculating in the direction of one pixel row. The structure of the striped electrode is shown in FIG.
(A) corresponds. Alternatively, the stripe-shaped electrodes 102 may be formed or arranged in the direction of one pixel column as shown in FIG. In this case, the 1H period arithmetic circuit 2 of FIG.
903 may be configured as a circuit that operates in the direction of one column. Although the striped electrodes 102 are arranged or formed for each pixel row or column, the present invention is not limited to this, and one striped electrode is provided for two rows or two columns or more pixel rows or pixel columns. It goes without saying that the electrode 102 may be arranged. In this case, the voltage may be applied to the stripe-shaped electrode 102 by performing an operation for each of a plurality of pixel rows and the like.

Further development, the striped electrode 1
Instead of 02, one electrode may be used. That is, the second liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the counter electrode 1801 and the solid electrode. In this case, the data applied to all the pixels on one screen may be calculated, or the data applied to a predetermined pixel may be picked up and calculated to determine the voltage value applied to the second liquid crystal layer 108b. .

The above is for performing the calculation to determine the voltage to be applied to the stripe-shaped electrode 102 and the like, and displaying the image.
However, in some cases, it may be necessary to simply adjust the brightness of the image. This is the case when the dark level may float and you want to brighten the screen. For example, when viewing a display image in a bright room. This is called brightness adjustment here. In this case, the light transmittance may be increased by applying a voltage to the striped electrode 102 without performing a calculation. These technical ideas are also included in the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory view of a method of manufacturing the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. First, the array substrate 101
An insulating film 1501a or the like is applied to the. Then, a solution in which an uncured photo-curable resin and liquid crystal are mixed between the peeling plate (sheet) 2801 and the array substrate (hereinafter referred to as a mixed solution).
Is held. As a sandwiching method, a space between the peeling plate 2801 and the array substrate 101 is held with beads or the like at a predetermined interval, the space is evacuated, and then the vacuum state is stopped to inject the mixed solution 2803a into the space. A method (called a vacuum injection method) is exemplified. Also, beads 28
02 and the mixed solution 2803 are dropped on the array substrate 101, a peeling plate 2801 is covered and pressed to obtain a predetermined thickness of the liquid crystal layer (called a dropping method). The method (printing method) of screen-printing the other mixed solution 2803 is also exemplified. There is also a method of applying the mixed solution with a spinner (spinner method). Although any of the above methods may be used, the dropping method is adopted in the present invention because the monomer may fly out and the mixed solution 2803 may be deteriorated when vacuum injection is performed.

The release plate may be a plate made of glass (soda glass, opal glass, etc.) or a sheet made of polyester, but it must have good releasability. For example, a plate or sheet coated with a fluororesin is exemplified. Alternatively, it may be a silicone resin film, a fluororesin film, an olefin resin film such as polyethylene / polypropylene, or the like. The mixed solution 2803 is defoamed before dropping. The beads 2802 have a diameter of 5 μm to 20 μm, preferably 8 to 15 μm. Also, beads 280
2 may be sprayed on the array substrate 101 in advance. After being left for a predetermined time, a peeling plate 2801 is placed on the mixed solution. At this time, the array substrate 101 is stacked from one end so that air is not drawn therein. The state at that time is shown in FIG. Next, pressure is applied from above the peeling plate 2801 so that the distance between the peeling plate 2801 and the array substrate 101 becomes the diameter of the beads 2802. Examples of the pressing method include a method of pressing from the edge of the substrate with a roller or the like.

Next, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the peeling plate 2801 side. In the mixed solution 2803a, only the photo-curable resin is cured to cause phase separation to form a water drop crystal or a polymer network. The state of the water-drop liquid crystal is determined by the mixing ratio of the liquid crystal and the resin, and the liquid crystal becomes a spherical liquid crystal droplet that independently exists in the polymer matrix at 50% by weight or less. They are connected to form a continuous phase and have a three-dimensional network structure. Further, the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets or the average void space is determined by the intensity of the ultraviolet rays irradiated when forming the polymer matrix. In the present invention, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 15a is 90 W /
A metal halide lamp having an intensity of cm 2 (square centimeter) was used for irradiation at a belt conveyor speed of 3 m / min for curing. The average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display panel thus obtained was about 1.2 μm.

After curing as described above, the peeling plate 2801 is peeled and removed. At this time, since the fluororesin or the like has a good releasability, it can be easily peeled off by applying pressure to the end of the peeling plate 2801. Next, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 108a
An insulating film 1501 is formed on top of this, and then a thin film having light transmittance, for example, an ITO thin film 1801 is formed on this.
This becomes the counter electrode. This state is shown in FIG. The ITO thin film may be a SnO ₂ thin film, a conductive paste, a metal thin film, or the like.

Next, beads 28 are formed on the counter electrode 1801.
A mixed solution 2803b containing 02 is dropped. This state is shown in FIG. On the other hand, the striped electrode 10
2 and the insulating film 150 on the striped electrode 102.
The substrate 110 having 1d formed thereon is placed on the mixed solution 2803b. In addition, a sealing resin is applied to the peripheral portion of the substrate 110. After that, the array substrate 101 and the counter substrate 110 are attached to each other. At this time, the opposing pixel electrode 1
07 and the striped electrode 102 are accurately laminated so that they are vertically overlapped with each other. This state is shown in FIG. Then, irradiation is performed at a belt conveyor speed of 2 m / min using a metal halide lamp having an intensity of 50 W / cm 2 (square centimeter) to cure the mixed solution 2803b. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer 108b thus obtained
The average particle size of the water droplet liquid crystal was about 2.0 μm.

28A and 28D, ultraviolet rays are emitted only from above, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a metal halide lamp having an intensity of 100 W / cm 2 (square centimeter) from above may be used, and a metal halide lamp of 50 W / cm 2 (square centimeter) from below may be irradiated for about 30 seconds. The lamp for generating ultraviolet rays may be ultra-high pressure mercury or the like, and any lamp or means may be used for generating visible light when the resin component cures with visible light. Also, laser light or the like can be adopted as the light generating means.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 28 and the like, it has been described that the mixed solution 2803 is simply sandwiched between the mold releasing means 2801 and the panel, but in actuality, the mass productivity is improved by the following method. To do. FIG. 109 is an explanatory diagram thereof.

Array substrate 101 and release film 2801
A mixed solution containing beads is continuously dropped in between. The transparent release film 2801 is supplied by the supply roller 10903.
Continuously supplied from. Sandwiched mixed solution 2803
Is pressed by the rolling roller 10902 and has a uniform film thickness. At this time, the rolling roller 10902 is vibrated by ultrasonic waves. By vibrating with ultrasonic waves, the substrate 101 and the release film 2801 are vibrated, and the mixed solution has a more uniform film thickness. After that, the uniform mixed solution is irradiated with light by the light irradiation means 10901 so that the liquid crystal layer 108 is irradiated.
Are phase separated. The release film 2801 is sequentially collected by the winding roller 10904.

When the pressure is applied by the rolling roller 10902, the film thickness may be controlled while monitoring the film thickness of the mixed solution with a film thickness meter or the like. As the film thickness meter, an interference film thickness meter or the like which is usually used for measuring the film thickness of liquid crystal can be used. It is more preferable that the film thickness is measured at a few points in the display area at the same time.
An example of the interference film thickness meter is a liquid crystal cell gap measuring device (TFM-120AFT type) manufactured by Oak Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

When the film thickness of the mixed solution 2803 is thicker than a predetermined value, a method of increasing the power of ultrasonic waves and increasing the pressure is adopted. On the contrary, when the thickness is thin, the power of ultrasonic waves is weakened or the pressure of the rolling roller 10902 is weakened. By performing these while monitoring the film thickness, the desired film thickness can be easily obtained.

The prescribed film thickness is fixed by setting the prescribed film thickness of the prescribed mixed solution. As a fixing method, it is performed by irradiating a linear or spot light. Examples of the laser as the light irradiation means include a YAG laser, an argon laser, a white laser, and an excimer laser. YAG
There is a method of using the light of the second or higher harmonic of the laser. The second harmonic light of the YAG laser has a wavelength of 530
mm, green light. Argon laser also has a wavelength of 51
It is 4.5 mm. Further, blue light of a white laser can also be used. The wavelength of the blue light is 441.6 mm. The white laser is, for example, a hollow cathode type He—Cd laser manufactured by Koito Manufacturing. Since the intensity and wavelength of laser light greatly differ depending on the resin used, it must be determined by experiment. In addition, addition of a sensitizer to the mixed solution facilitates curing. The laser is effective because it can obtain a fine spot light of 10 μm or less and has a high energy density.

A method of collecting light emitted from a mercury lamp and irradiating it with an aperture and a lens is also effective. The light emitted from the mercury lamp has a short wavelength, that is, a large amount of ultraviolet rays, and the light energy intensity is high.

As a matter of course, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp may be used as a light source, and the mixed solution may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Mixed solution 280
3 When irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the resin component is cured and the liquid crystal component and the resin component are phase separated. Temperature control during polymerization is important. The heating is performed above the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature. Usually around 40 degrees or more. 20 to 30 mW / c of ultraviolet light, depending on the spectral distribution
Irradiate with an intensity of about m ^{2 for} about 2 to 15 seconds.

Regarding these temperatures and the irradiation conditions of ultraviolet rays, a phase diagram of the liquid crystal weight ratio and the phase transition temperature must be defined by experiments. If the conditions are not appropriate, the particle size of the liquid crystal will change over time and the scattering characteristics will deteriorate.

Although the above embodiment is a method of irradiating light on the entire surface of one substrate, a method of performing as shown in FIG. 110 is also illustrated. That is, light is emitted in one row or one pixel column or the like, or in units of a plurality of pixel rows or a plurality of pixel columns.

In FIG. 110, light is emitted line by line. First, the portion A is irradiated with light, and then the portion B is irradiated with the light by shifting the scanning line substantially one line. This is done because the portions where the light is irradiated overlap between the A portion and the B portion. In the overlapping portion, the phase separation state is not proper, and the scattering characteristics of the liquid crystal layer deteriorate.
This portion (overlapping portion) is arranged between the pixel electrodes. Since there is no image display between the pixel electrodes 107, there is at least no problem with the scattering characteristics.

To irradiate light row by row as described above, a mask 11103 as shown in FIG. 112 may be used. The mask 11103 is formed by forming a light shielding film 11101 such as Cr on a glass substrate. Light-shielding film 11
The area 101 does not transmit light. The range A is transparent. Therefore, one pixel row (column) or a plurality of pixel rows (column) can be obtained by irradiating the range of d with slit-shaped ultraviolet rays.
Can be irradiated with ultraviolet rays. This can be realized by sequentially moving this mask in the C direction (or moving the substrate 101).

In FIG. 110, the light is emitted for each pixel row (column), but it goes without saying that light may be emitted for each pixel. In that case, the opening 11102 is provided for each pixel (or n × n pixels) as shown in FIG.
A mask on which is formed may be used. The mask is A,
The mixed solution 2803 may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays while sequentially moving in the B direction and the C direction.

When it is desired to adjust the amount of light irradiated between the pixel electrodes and on the pixel electrode 107, the mask 11301 shown in FIG. 113 may be used. In order to increase the amount of transmitted ultraviolet rays by making the portion A relatively to the portion B, the mask 11
A thick light shielding film such as Cr may be attached to the portion B of 301. If this mask is used, the amount of light transmitted through the portion A becomes strong and the amount of light transmitted through the portion B becomes weak.

In order to operate the scattering characteristics on the pixel electrode 107 properly and at a low voltage that can be driven, the conditions should be set by experiments so that the liquid crystal layer is properly phase-separated by the amount of light transmitted through the portion B. Good. At that time, since the amount of light transmitted through the portion A is strong, the average particle diameter of the water-drop-like liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer below the portion A is small. Therefore, the voltage required to enter the transparent state becomes high. That is, the liquid crystal layer in the portion A is always in a scattering state. It is not preferable that the pixel electrodes 107 are originally in a transmissive state. Therefore, it is preferable that the TV characteristic of the portion A is deteriorated.

If the mask 11301 is used, the pixel electrode 1
It is possible to produce a state in which the resin component is increased during 07, and the liquid crystal component is almost present on the pixel electrode 107. This explanation is shown in FIG.
14 shows. The mask 11301 shields the portion B from light almost completely. Make sure that only part A is transparent to UV light. The portion between the pixel electrodes 107 is positioned below the portion A. Then, the ultraviolet rays are irradiated only between the pixel electrodes 107, and the resin in this portion is cured. Under appropriate light conditions, curing proceeds little by little, the resin around the cured portion is taken in, and the resin component aggregates. Only the liquid crystal component remains on the pixel electrode 107. In addition, the liquid crystal component is aligned along the wall surface of the cured resin.

In order to phase-separate the liquid crystal layer, there is also a method of irradiating laser beams having two different wavelengths. The explanatory diagram is shown in FIG.
Shown in 15. Laser lights 11501 and 115 having different wavelengths
Irradiation of 02 into the mixed solution causes interference. That is, the intensity of light is generated. The resin component increases in the strong light portion, and the liquid crystal component increases in the weak light portion. Since the liquid crystal and the resin have different refractive indexes, the liquid crystal layer 108 has a layered shape as shown in the figure, and the layer functions as an interference film.

As described above, the display device of the present invention includes not only the liquid crystal layer having a water drop shape or a polymer network, but also the structures shown in FIGS. 114 and 115.

As shown in FIG. 109, the pressure roller 1090
After the pressure is applied at 2, if there is a little time before light irradiation is performed, the mixed liquid crystal layer 2803 having a predetermined film thickness due to the pressure being applied by the pressure roller 10902 may deviate from the predetermined value. In order to prevent this, it may be done as shown in FIG.

FIG. 116 shows the diameter applied by the pressure roller 10902, the laser light 1111 from the laser head 11601.
Irradiation 602 is performed so that a uniform film thickness is irradiated with light, so that temporary holding is performed so that the film is held. Laser light 11602
Is irradiated between the pixel electrodes 107. Further, it is possible to use a beam of light from a mercury lamp, which is not a laser beam.

By irradiating the beam 11602,
The photocurable resin component in the mixed solution 2803 is polymerized, and the liquid crystal component and the resin component undergo phase separation. However, good scattering characteristics cannot be obtained by irradiation with the light beam 11602. Since the energy density of the light beam is usually high, the liquid crystal droplets are very small, and the threshold value of the scattering characteristic that changes with voltage is also high. It is preferable that it becomes unresponsive to the applied voltage. This is because the portion irradiated with laser light is a portion that does not contribute to image display. That is, irradiation is performed between the pixel electrodes 107.

Pressure is gradually applied while adjusting the degree of pressure from the glass substrate 101 and the like, laser light 11602 is irradiated to the portion where the measured film thickness reaches a predetermined thickness, the resin is cured and temporary adhesion is performed. . The laser light 11602 and the like are applied to a place where a predetermined liquid crystal film thickness is obtained. Note that the laser beam 11602 may scan the signal line or the like linearly.
When the front light beam 11602 is irradiated, the resin is polymerized and the liquid crystal layer is kept at a predetermined thickness.

The light beam 11602 is irradiated so as to maintain a predetermined liquid crystal film thickness while sequentially moving on the signal line and the like. Therefore, in this specification, irradiating light in a spot shape is not limited to irradiating a circular spot light, and irradiating light linearly by continuous irradiation of spot light, or rectangular spot light. It should be understood that this also includes irradiating.

After the irradiation of the laser beam, even if the pressure is removed, the cured resin is a solid, and therefore the mixed solution 28 is again used.
The film thickness of 03 hardly changes. This is a matter peculiar to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel. For example, T
Since N liquid crystal is a liquid, even if the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer is set to a specified value by pressurizing as in the present invention, the original state will be restored if the pressurization is removed. The manufacturing method of the present invention utilizes the properties of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal. After that, the super high pressure mercury lamp 109
01 or the like is used to irradiate the mixed solution 2803 with ultraviolet light. When the mixed solution is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the resin component is cured and the liquid crystal component and the resin component are phase separated.

What has been described above can be applied to other display panel manufacturing methods and display panel display devices of the present invention in a timely manner.

FIG. 31 is a sectional view of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. The substrate structure is the same as that in FIG. However, the stripe-shaped electrode 102 is not shown in FIG.
It is formed in the column direction as shown in (b).

A prism plate 3101 is provided on the light emitting side of the panel.
Are placed or glued. The prism plate 3101 is preferably bonded to the counter substrate 110 using silicon gel, silicon resin, epoxy resin, or the like so that light is not reflected between the prism plate 3101 and the counter substrate 101.

All of the even-numbered striped electrodes are configured to be simultaneously applied with voltage, and all of the odd-numbered striped electrodes are configured to be simultaneously applied with voltage. Moreover, the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the even-numbered striped electrodes is in the transmissive state in the first field (frame), and at that time, that of the odd-numbered striped electrodes is in the scattering state. On the contrary, in the second field (frame) next to the first field (frame), the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the even-numbered striped electrodes is in a scattering state, and at that time, the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the odd-numbered striped electrodes is It becomes transparent. That is, the even-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes and the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the odd-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes alternately repeat the transmission state and the scattering state for each field (frame).

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the display panel of the present invention. When a voltage is applied to the striped electrode 1029, the liquid crystal layer A is in a light transmitting state, and when a voltage is applied to the striped electrode 102b, the liquid crystal layer B is formed.
Becomes a light transmitting state.

When the liquid crystal layer A enters the light transmitting state, the pixel 107
The image of a is seen by the right eye 3202 through the interface 3201a of the prism plate 3101. At that time, since the liquid crystal layer B is in a scattering state, the image of the pixel 107b cannot be seen by the left eye 3202b. In the next field (frame), the liquid crystal layer B is in the light transmitting state, so that the image of the pixel 107a is seen by the left eye 3202b through the interface 3201b of the prism plate 3101.

[0209] As described above, the images are alternately made visible to the left eye 3202b and the right eye 3202a for each field (frame). At this time, the observer can see a stereoscopic image by setting the signals applied to the pixels 107a and 107b to correspond to stereoscopic vision (3D).

Although FIG. 25 shows the structure in which the counter electrode 1801 is formed between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b, this structure can also be realized as in (FIG. 33). .

FIG. 33 shows an intermediate substrate 33 made of glass or resin between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b.
01 is arranged. Counter electrodes 1801a and 1801b are formed or arranged on both surfaces of the intermediate substrate 3301. Other configurations are the same as or similar to those in FIG. 25.
Further, as a matter of course, as shown in FIG. 34, it is preferable to form an insulating film 1501 at a position where the electrode or the like of the intermediate substrate 3301 and the liquid crystal layer 108 are in contact with each other. A low dielectric film 1601 or the like may be formed or placed between the striped electrodes in order to prevent coupling or the like. In addition, the liquid crystal layers 108a and 10
The average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystals of 8b or the average pore diameter of the polymer network may be different.
A light modulation layer made of N liquid crystal, organic EL, or a light modulation layer made of PLZT may be used.

33 and 34, the intermediate substrate 330 is used.
The thickness of 1 should be 1 mm or less. If the thickness is large, parallax occurs. However, if it is too thin, there is a high possibility that it will be mechanically broken when the display panel is manufactured. Therefore, the thickness of the intermediate substrate is preferably 0.3 mm or more.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory view of a method of manufacturing the display panel of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34. As shown in FIG. 35A, beads 2802a are dispersed between the intermediate substrate 3301 and the array substrate 101 and held at a predetermined interval. Next, the mixed solution 2803a is injected at a predetermined interval by a vacuum injection method. Then, the mixed liquid crystal is irradiated with ultraviolet rays from above,
The resin component of the mixed solution is cured to phase separate the resin component and the liquid crystal component.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 35B, beads 2802b are dispersed between the counter substrate 110 and the intermediate substrate 3301 and held at a predetermined interval. Next, the mixed solution 2803b is injected at a predetermined interval by a vacuum injection method, and thereafter, the mixed solution 2803b is irradiated with ultraviolet rays from above to mix the solution 2803.
803b is phase-separated into a liquid crystal component and a resin component. At this time, the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is made higher than that in the case of FIG. The reason is to reduce the average particle size or the average pore size of the second liquid crystal layer 108b to improve the display contrast, and to completely cure the uncured resin in the first liquid crystal layer 108a to improve the reliability. This is because.

In FIG. 35, the second liquid crystal layer 108b is formed after the first liquid crystal layer 108a is formed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b are formed. 108b may be formed at the same time. In that case, beads are dispersed between the array substrate 101 and the intermediate substrate 3301, and beads are dispersed between the intermediate substrate 3301 and the counter substrate 110, so that the array substrate 101 and the intermediate substrate 33.
After laminating the three substrates 01 and the counter substrate 110,
Between the array substrate 101 and the intermediate substrate 3301 and the intermediate substrate 3
The mixed solution may be simultaneously injected between 301 and the counter substrate 110 by a vacuum injection method. After the injection, ultraviolet rays may be irradiated from two directions from above or below the array substrate 101 and above the counter substrate 110 to form the first and second liquid crystal layers 108 by phase separation at the same time.

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel in which the first liquid crystal layer 108a is driven by active matrix and the second liquid crystal layer 108b is driven by simple matrix. That is, the counter electrode 180 is formed on one surface of the intermediate substrate 3301.
1a is formed, and striped electrodes for performing simple matrix driving are formed on the other surface. Further, a stripe electrode 3601b is formed on the counter substrate 110 in a direction orthogonal to the stripe electrode 3601a. This configuration is also applied to FIGS. 18 and 19 without the intermediate substrate 3301. That is, the intermediate substrate 3301 is removed and the counter electrode 18 is provided between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b.
This is because 01 should be placed.

FIG. 37 is a block diagram of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. The first liquid crystal layer 108a and the first
The second liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the array substrate 101a and the counter electrode 1801 of the second array substrate 101b.
And the counter electrode 1801. An equivalent circuit diagram of the configuration of FIG. 37 is shown in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 38, the TFTs 106a and T
This means that they are connected to different drive circuits (gate drive circuit 302, source drive circuit 301) from the FT 106b. Therefore, a voltage can be applied to each of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b independently. As shown in FIG. 39, the counter electrode 1801 and the pixel electrode 1
When all of 07a and 107b are transparent electrodes, incident light passes through the three electrodes and is emitted. Further, as shown in FIG. 40, the counter electrode 1801 is provided, and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107
When one of 7b is a transparent electrode and the other is a reflective electrode, the incident light is reflected by the reflective electrode and becomes an emitted light. Also,
As shown in FIG. 41, when the counter electrode 1801 is a reflective electrode and both the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b are transparent electrodes, the incident light A is reflected by the counter electrode 1801 to become the reflected light A, and the incident light B is the same. It is reflected by the counter electrode 1801 and becomes reflected light B. The above three configurations can be realized.
Note that these technical ideas are shown in FIG. 18, FIG. 25, and FIG.
It can also be applied to the display panel and the like.

Here, for ease of explanation, it is assumed that all three electrodes (counter electrode 1801, pixel electrodes 107a and 107b) are transparent electrodes.

43, 44, and 45 are explanatory views of the driving method of the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. First,
The driving method shown in FIG. 43 will be described. In FIG. 43A, the output signal (video signal) from the source drive circuit 301a is transmitted by the source signal line 202a, and the TFT 106
It is supplied to the pixel electrode 107a via a. The video signal from the source drive circuit 301b is the source signal line 2
02b transmitted to the pixel electrode 10 via the TFT 106b.
7b. The potential of the counter electrode 1801 is fixed as a common voltage.

When the video signal has positive and negative polarities, the common voltage has an intermediate potential, that is, 0 (V) potential. However, it is usually on the negative side rather than 0 (V) due to the penetration voltage of the TFT 106 and the like, the capacitance between the source signal lines 202 and the like. Its value is 1.0
It is often (V) to 2.0 (V).

In the case of the driving method shown in FIG. 43, FIG.
As shown in (a), in the first field (frame), a positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107a and a negative voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107b. Therefore, the electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 108 is in the direction of the arrow.

When a voltage is written in the pixel electrode 107, T
The FT 106 is turned off and is opened. First
In the second field (frame) next to the field (frame) in FIG.
06 is turned on, and a negative voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107a so that an AC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108.
A positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107b. Therefore, the electric field to the liquid crystal layer 108 is in the direction of the arrow.

As described above, in FIG. 43 (a), the directions of the electric fields of the liquid crystal layer 108a and the liquid crystal layer 108b are made to coincide with each other (similarly, in FIG. 43 (b),
The reason why the directions of the electric fields of the liquid crystal layer 108a and the liquid crystal layer 108b are made to coincide with each other as shown in the figure is to suppress the occurrence of flicker caused by the electric field different direction of the liquid crystal layer (including the alignment film and the insulating film). is there. By driving as shown in FIG. 43, flicker is less likely to occur, or flicker does not occur.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Note that the counter electrode 1801 may be considered as a stripe electrode. That is, in FIG. 37, the counter electrode 1801 may be replaced with a stripe electrode.

In FIG. 45A, the counter electrode 1801 (striped electrode) is connected to the drive circuit 4501 which generates a rectangular signal every 1H. The rectangular signal generated by the driving circuit 4501 outputs positive and negative signals centering on a common voltage. For example, the signal waveform 11 of FIG.
It is like 01.

Here, in order to facilitate the explanation, it is assumed that the rectangular signal is either +2 (V) or -2 (V). The positive video signal output from the source drive circuit 301 is +6.
The description will be made assuming that the video signal of (V) and the negative polarity is -6 (V).

First, as shown in FIG. 45A, in the first field (frame), the TFTs 106a and 106b connected to a gate signal line are closed, and the source drive circuit 3 is formed.
Video signals from 01a to +6 (V) are written in the pixel electrode 107a. At that time, the driving circuit 4501 is -2 (V)
Is output. On the other hand, from the source drive circuit 301b, -6
The video signal of (V) is written in the pixel electrode 107b.
Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 108a has 6 (V)-(-2
A voltage of (V)) = 8 (V) is applied. Similarly, in the liquid crystal layer 108b as well, -6 (V) + (-2 (V)) =-8 (V).
Is applied. Through the above process, a higher voltage is applied (applicable) to the liquid crystal layer 108 of FIG. 45 than that of the liquid crystal layer of FIG. Therefore,
The liquid crystal layer 108 can be thickened and the display contrast can be improved.

In the first and second fields (frames), -6 (V) is applied to the pixel electrode 107a,
-6 (V) is applied to 7b. At that time, drive circuit 4
501 outputs -12 (V). By driving as described above, a voltage of absolute value 8 (V) is applied to the liquid crystal layer,
Moreover, the liquid crystal layer can be AC-driven.

Note that in FIG. 43 and FIG. 45, the pixel electrode 1
Although it has been stated that voltages of the same amplitude are applied to 07a and 107b, it is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that they may be different. For example, 8 for the pixel electrode 107a
(V), just like applying -4 (V) to the pixel electrode 107b. This is of course because if the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b have different thicknesses, the applied voltage at which the liquid crystal layers are in a transmissive state also differs. Further, it is preferable that the voltage output from the driving circuit 4501 be applied to the rising voltage of the liquid crystal, as described in FIG. 11.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Note that in FIG. 44, the driving method of the display panel is 1F inversion driving in which the polarity is inverted for each field (frame).

The problem of the 1F inversion drive is that the transmittance (luminance) is different between the upper end and the lower end of a white raster display screen (ideally the entire screen has the same transmittance). When scanning is performed in the A scanning direction (forward direction, from the upper end to the lower end of the screen) as shown in FIG. 44A, the transmittance at the lower end of the screen becomes low as shown by the solid line in FIG.

On the other hand, in the case of scanning in the B scanning direction (reverse direction, lower end → upper end) of FIG. 44 (a), FIG. 44 (a)
There is a tendency for the height to become lower at the upper edge of the screen as indicated by the dotted line.

If the transmittance (luminance) is different between the upper part and the lower part of the screen, the image quality is deteriorated, which is not preferable. Therefore, FIG.
The gate drive circuit 302a of No. 8 has gate signal lines G ₁₁ to G
_The gate drive circuit 302b scans from the gate signal line G _{2m in the} G ₂₁ direction. That is, the gate drive circuit 302a produces the transmittance distribution shown by the solid line in FIG. 44B, and the gate drive circuit 302b produces the transmittance distribution shown by the dotted line in FIG. Therefore, the display state is an average of the solid line and the dotted line (shown by the one-dot diagonal line in FIG. 44B), and the uniformity of the screen can be realized.

The array substrate 101a is scanned in the A scanning direction (images are sequentially written in row units), and the array substrate 101b is scanned.
By scanning in the B scan direction, it is possible to prevent or suppress the luminance inclination due to the up-and-down drive of the screen, which is caused by the 1F inversion drive or the like. The brightness gradient also occurs when the charge retention rate of the pixel 107 is poor. In this case as well, the brightness gradient could be corrected.

There is also a method in which the image data A written in the array substrate 101a when scanning in the A scanning direction and the image data B written in the array substrate 101b when scanning in the B scanning direction are different. When the drive circuit 301 of the liquid crystal display panel has poor gradation characteristics (for example, when only 6 bits of 64 gradations can be output), the drive circuit 301a realizes 64 gradation display,
If the drive circuit 301b performs 64-gradation display, the liquid crystal display panel can realize double (64 + 64 =) 128-gradation display.

The above embodiment is a driving method considering the scanning method of the gate drive circuit 302. In addition, there is a method that considers the scanning direction of the source drive circuits 301a and 301b. This is the case when the display panel is dot sequential drive. The dot-sequential driving is a method of latching each video signal output to each source signal line. Most liquid crystal display panels manufactured by the current high temperature polysilicon technology use this method. In this case, a brightness gradient (transmittance distribution) may occur on the left and right of the display screen.

For example, in the case of scanning in the C scanning direction in FIG. 44A, the pixel row at the left end is the pixel electrode 107.
The writing time to the pixel is long and the rightmost pixel column is short. This is because when the scanning is performed up to the right end, the ON voltage is applied to the gate signal line of the next pixel row and the OFF voltage is applied to the current pixel row after a short time of the blanking period.

When the time constant of the source signal line is large, the writing time of the rightmost pixel column becomes shorter than the normal writing time, and the transmittance becomes lower than the leftmost. Therefore, the transmittance distribution is generated from the left end to the right end.

If the source drive circuit 301a of the array substrate 101a is scanned in the C scanning direction and the source drive circuit 301b of the array substrate 101b is scanned in the D direction as a countermeasure against this, the transmittance distribution is averaged and suppressed. be able to.

The above is the method of changing the scanning directions of the array substrates 101a and 101b, but it is of course excluded to scan the source drive circuit 301a in the C scanning direction and the source drive circuit 301b in the E scanning direction. is not. The same applies to the gate drive circuit 302. Further, a method of shifting the start time of C scan and the start time of E scan is also effective. This is because vertical streaks may be displayed on the screen at the same time. By shifting the scanning time, it is possible to suppress the generation of the vertical stripes. This also applies to the gate drive circuits 302a and 302b. In this case, the image quality is often improved although it is not the effect of suppressing the vertical stripes.

The above is a technical idea that can be naturally applied not only to the panel manufactured by the high temperature polysilicon and low temperature polysilicon technologies but also to the display panel manufactured by the amorphous silicon technology. Further, it is a technical idea that can be applied to a dot matrix type display panel such as a display panel using PLZT for a light modulation layer and a display panel using organic EL.

The manufacturing method of the display panel shown in FIG. 37 and the like will be described below. FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing method. Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First, as shown in FIG. 42 (a), a mixed solution 2 containing black beads 2802 on the array substrate 101a.
Apply 803a. Next, as shown in FIG. 42 (b), a releasing means 28 such as a film is placed on the mixed solution 2803a.
Cover with 01. The mixed solution 2803a may be applied by a dropping method, a spinner, or a roll quarter.

After application in FIG. 42 (a), or in FIG.
It is effective to apply ultrasonic waves to the array substrate 101 in the state of (b). The ultrasonic wave causes the mixed solution 2803a to have a uniform film thickness. It goes without saying that the releasing means 2801 is not necessary when the effect makes the surface uniform without covering the releasing means.

As shown in FIG. 42B, the releasing means 2801.
After pressing from above to make the liquid crystal layer uniform, ultraviolet rays are irradiated to phase-separate the mixed liquid crystal layer 2803a. After that, when the releasing means 2801 is peeled off, the state shown in FIG. 42 (c) is obtained. The thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed. The change can be changed depending on the bead diameter and the like. Further, the average particle diameter and the average pore diameter of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed, and one of the liquid crystal layers may contain a guest-host liquid crystal. One resin or the like may be colored.

The above method is applied to the array substrate 101b. That is, the liquid crystal layer 108a is formed on the array substrate 101a.
Then, the liquid crystal layer 108b is formed on the array substrate 101b. Further, a counter electrode 1801 or a stripe-shaped electrode is formed on at least one of the liquid crystal layer 108a of the array substrate 101a and the liquid crystal layer 108b of the array substrate 101b.

Next, as shown in FIG. 42D, the liquid crystal layer 1
A photocurable resin 4201 is applied between 08a and 108b.
The coating may be performed by a spinner, a roll quarter, or a dropping method. It is preferable to use the same or similar photocurable resin as that used for the mixed solution 2803. This is because the adhesiveness is improved. Further, the shrinkage rate with respect to heat is also the same. After that, the array substrates 101a and 101b are attached to each other and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to complete the panel.

The photocurable resin 4201 may be a thermosetting resin. In this case, instead of irradiating with ultraviolet rays, heating may be performed to cure. Other epoxy resins, silicone adhesives, silicone gels, epoxy adhesives, etc. may be used, and thermoplastic resins and adhesives may also be used. Furthermore, the liquid crystal layers 108a and 1
08b may be brought into close contact with the liquid crystal layer and air between the liquid crystal layers may be removed. This can be easily achieved by bringing the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b into close contact with each other, placing them in a vacuum chamber to completely remove air between the liquid crystal layers, and then applying a sealing resin around the liquid crystal layers. .

Although the pixel electrode 108b is arranged at the position facing the pixel electrode 108a in FIG. 37, the invention is not limited to this, and the pixel position may be shifted as shown in FIG. . For example, array substrate 1
01a and 101b may be arranged or formed with a shift of about half a pixel pitch.

By arranging with the pixel pitch shifted as described above, the resolution of the display screen can be improved. This is because the number of pixels in the horizontal or vertical direction is apparently doubled. Of course, in this case, it is necessary to shift the video signals supplied to the source drive circuits 301a and 301b by half dots.

In FIG. 37, a counter electrode 1801 is formed between the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b. The counter electrode 1801 may be removed and the configuration of FIG. 47 may be adopted. The equivalent circuit diagram is shown in FIG. By making the polarities of the signals applied to the pixel electrode 107a and the pixel electrode 107b opposite to each other, a large voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 108. Of course, the effect of doubling the gradation display described above can also be realized.

The liquid crystal layer 108 is formed of TN in addition to PD liquid crystal.
Other liquid crystal layers such as liquid crystal, STN liquid crystal, and ferroelectric liquid crystal may be used, or PLZT, EL, organic EL, or the like may be used.
For example, in the case of TN liquid crystal, an alignment film 4901 may be formed on the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer 108 as shown in FIG. PLZT is a solid, and EL is a solid formed by mixing an electroluminescence substance with an insulating substance having a high dielectric constant to form a thin film. Therefore, it is obvious that the structure of the display panel of the present invention disclosed in this specification can be easily realized. Therefore, in the display panel of the present invention and the display device using the same, the light modulation layer is not limited to the PD liquid crystal. Further, in the embodiments of the present invention, the active matrix type display panel in which the switching elements are arranged or formed in a matrix for facilitating the description has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a simple matrix display panel having pixels at intersections of striped electrodes is also within the scope of the present invention because the pixels are arranged in a matrix. Further, since the constitution of the present invention can be applied to the optical writing type display panel, the thermal writing type display panel, and the laser writing type display panel, it is clear that the technical idea of the present invention is within the technical scope. Is. This item is related to the display panel and display device described above,
It is applied to the display panel and display device described below.

Further, as shown in FIG. 50, the counter electrode 1801 may be omitted and two kinds of liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be formed between the array substrates 101a and 101b. For example, the liquid crystal layer 108a is different from the liquid crystal layer 108b in the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets and the average pore diameter of the polymer network, one is a guest-host liquid crystal-containing composition, the other is a resin composition colored, and one is a PD liquid crystal And the other is T
An example of the configuration is N liquid crystal.

By making the light variable layers 108a and 108b different from each other, it is possible to satisfactorily perform light modulation of light in a wide band range and improve display contrast.

In FIG. 51, microlenses 5102 and the like are formed or arranged on the substrate 101 and the like. The array substrate 101 is a microlens array 5101. The microlens 5102b of the array substrate 5101b collects incident light and collects the incident light.
02a, and is emitted from the array substrate 5101a.

Since TFTs, signal lines, etc. are formed on the array substrate, the aperture ratio of the pixels is low. Micro lens 5
If there is no 102, the incident light 11 that is incident on a place other than the aperture 11
705 is absorbed or reflected. However, if the microlens 5102 is arranged, the incident light 11705
Is condensed by the microlens 5102b, the condensed light passes through the opening of the pixel electrode 107, and is converted into parallel light again by the microlens 5102a.

In particular, when the PD liquid crystal display panel is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, the spread of incident light is F5 or more and F10 or less, which is extremely small. In other words, it is close to parallel light. Therefore, it is easy to collect the light with the microlens, and it is easy to return the collected light to parallel light again.

The difference in refractive index between the microlens 5102 and the microlens array is preferably within 0.2. Further, it is preferably within 0.15. The refractive index of the array is 1.
Since it is 50 to 1.55, the refractive index of the microlens is preferably 1.60 to 1.65 or less. If the difference in refractive index is too large, the converging angle of the microlens is too large, and conversely the condensing efficiency decreases. This is a micro lens 5102
This is because the array substrate (5101, 101) has a large thickness of about 1 mm as compared with the diameter of 50 μm to 200 μm.

The microlens 5102 is shown in FIG. 51 as if it was formed by the permeation method by ion exchange, but the microlens 5102 is not limited to this and may be formed in a convex shape using a stamper.

The structure for collecting light and improving the light utilization rate is as follows.
The configuration of FIG. 117 is also conceivable. In the structure of FIG. 117, the light guide plate 11701 is adhered to the surface of the panel with an adhesive layer 11703. However, the adhesive layer 11703 is used as the light guide plate 11.
It is not necessary if the positional relationship between 701 and the array substrate 101 can be fixed (for example, mechanically). Adhesive layer 1
Examples of 1703 include silicone gel, silicone adhesive, epoxy adhesive, UV curable resin, adhesive, and thermoplastic resin. The adhesive is the light guide plate 11701 and the array substrate 101.
Select in consideration of thermal stress and expansion ratio.

The light guide plate 11701 has a reflector 117 on the surface.
02 is formed. Al is desirable as the material of the reflection plate 11702, and other materials such as Au, Ag, Ti and Cr can be used. Since the surface of Al, Ag, etc. is easily oxidized, it is desirable to form a protective film such as SiO _{2 on} the surface.

Examples of the reflection film 11702 include a method of vapor deposition such as sputtering and a method of forming by electroplating or electroless plating. The light guide plate is cost and processable,
It is preferably formed from a resin such as acrylic, polycarbonate, engineered plastic, or PVA. Holes for light guide can be easily formed in these resins by a molding technique using a mold. The light guide hole is the opening 1 on the incident side.
1704b is enlarged and the emission side opening 11704a is narrowed. The opening 11704a is larger than or equal to the pixel electrode 107.

A reflection film 11702 is formed on the surface of the substrate on which holes have been formed by guiding light. The simplest method is to use electroless plating. However, it is difficult to peel off. The reflective film is also preferably formed on the interface 11706.

FIG. 118 shows the opening 1 of the light guide plate 11701.
It is the top view seen from the 1704b side. Opening 11704
Let a be the size of the pixel electrode 107. Although the opening 11704b of FIG. 118 is rectangular, the opening 11704b may be circular as shown in FIG. 119.

As shown in FIG. 117, the incident light 11705 is reflected by the reflecting film 11702 and becomes reflected light 11705a, which passes through the pixel electrode 107. That is, the light is effective for display. Without the reflection film 11702, the incident light 11705 becomes the light 11705b, is incident on the TFT 106 and is absorbed or reflected, and does not pass through the pixel electrode 107. Therefore, the light utilization efficiency is reduced.

As described above, the light is condensed from the opening 11704b toward the opening 11704a, and the pixel electrode 107
Be led to. Therefore, the light utilization efficiency can be increased.

Although the reflecting surface 11706b in FIG. 117 has a triangular pyramid shape, the reflecting surface 11706b may have an arc shape as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the light guide plate 11701 itself may be formed of a reflective material. For example, forming the opening 11704 in an Al plate is illustrated. A configuration in which the opening 11704 is filled with a transparent resin or the like is also illustrated. The resin 12402 and the like are exemplified by silicon gel, UV curable resin and the like, and may be liquid such as ethylene glycol. In this case, a cover glass or the like may be placed on the light incident surface of the light guide plate and sealed so that the liquid does not leak.

FIG. 37 shows two array substrates 101a and 101a.
This is a configuration for laminating with 01b. The configuration using two array substrates may be as shown in FIG. 52, the counter electrode 1801a is formed on the back surface of the array substrate 101b, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between the counter electrode 1801a and the pixel electrode 107a.
The second liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107b and the pixel electrode 107b.

If the array substrate 101b is thick, parallax occurs, so the thickness must be 0.8 mm or less. However, if it is 0.3 mm or less, handling becomes extremely poor. It is said that a little pressure is applied. Further, the problem that the array substrate is warped due to the formation of the pixel electrode 107 also occurs. From the above, the array substrate 1
01b should be 0.3 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less.

As a manufacturing method, the liquid crystal layer 101b is sandwiched between the counter substrate 110 and the array substrate 101b to form a panel. Then, the counter electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the array substrate 101b.
01a or a striped electrode is formed. The liquid crystal layer 108a may be sandwiched between the array substrate 101b and the array substrate 101a. Since other matters relating to the light modulation layer have been described previously, the description thereof will be omitted.

The configuration of FIG. 53 is a configuration in which the gate signal lines of the array substrate 101b and the gate signal lines of the array substrate 101a are orthogonal to each other. From the perspective of an observer, it appears that the array substrate 101a displays images in the left-right direction and the array substrate 101b displays images in the up-down direction. An equivalent circuit diagram is shown in FIG. Drive circuit 301
drive circuit 301 when a and 302a are operating
b and 302b are in a non-operating state, and conversely, the drive circuit 30
When 1b and 302b are in the operating state, the drive circuit 301
a and 302a are set in the non-operating state.

The advantage of the display panel of FIG. 53 is that it is possible to instantly switch between left and right display and upper and lower display. Figure 5
Reference numeral 4 denotes a monitor mounted on a video camera or the like, and the display panel of the present invention is used for this monitor. The letter “F” is displayed on the display screen 401.

FIG. 54 (a) shows the case where the screen is displayed horizontally long, and FIG. 54 (b) shows the case where the screen is displayed vertically long. In video cameras and the like, there are many applications in which the landscape display and the portrait display of FIG.

When the display panel of the present invention is horizontally long as shown in FIG.
The T101b is operated to sequentially write signals in pixels to display an image. In the case of the vertically long portion shown in FIG. 54B, the TFT 101a is operated by using the drive circuits 301a and 302a, and signals are sequentially written into pixels to display an image. Even if only one video signal is input, it is possible to instantly respond to landscape display and portrait display by switching the drive circuit to be operated.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method and a driving circuit. The input video signal is converted into digital data by the A / D conversion circuit 2901, and the H direction inversion memory 2902a,
It is stored in the V direction inversion memory 2902b.

The H-direction inversion memory 2902a is a memory for storing the horizontally long screen, and the V-direction inversion memory 2902b is a memory for storing the vertically long screen. The output of the V direction inversion memory 2902b is output by SW2 of the switching circuit 5602 and is input to the polarity inversion circuit (a circuit that creates positive polarity video data and negative polarity video data), and its output is input to the Y drive circuit 302a. . On the other hand, the output of the H-direction inversion memory 2902a is output by SW1 of the switching circuit 5602 and is also input to the polarity inversion circuit, and the Y drive circuit 302b.
Entered in.

The video signal is synchronously separated by the synchronous signal separation 5601, the HD synchronous signal and the VD synchronous signal are extracted, and the control circuit 1004 supplies the timing signals of the Y drive circuit 302 and the X drive circuit 301 by the synchronous signal.

As described above, the drive circuit 30
Drive circuit 302 when 2a and 301a are operating
b and 301b are in a non-operating state. However, this non-operating state is not problematic because the light transmittance is high in the NW mode and therefore low, but the light transmittance is low in the NB mode and is not suitable for explanation. When in NB mode, the screen is displayed in white raster. That is, the light transmittance is increased. Therefore, the non-operating state means increasing the light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer without displaying an image.

FIG. 57 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel of the present invention in another embodiment of the present invention. Pixel electrode 107
The first liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between the common electrode 5701 and the common electrode 5701, and the second liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107 and the counter electrode (or stripe electrode) 1801. TF
A light shielding film 109 is formed on T106 to prevent the occurrence of photocon. Further, it goes without saying that the compositions and configurations of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed.

[0281] Figure 59 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a display panel in FIG. 57. As can be seen from FIG. 59, the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are arranged with the pixel electrode 107 as a common electrode. Note that the pixel electrode 107 is connected to the TFT at the connection portion 5702.
It is connected to the drain terminal of 106.

FIG. 58 is a plan view of the array substrate 101. However, in order to facilitate understanding, the pixel electrode 107 is shown as removed. The common electrode 5701 is an electrode common to all the pixels 107. Originally, it is preferable to connect the common electrode on the upper, lower, left, and right sides to each pixel electrode, but this is often difficult due to the pattern. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 58, the insulating film 501 has insulation with the source signal line,
A common electrode 5701 that is connected in the left-right direction and is vertically oriented at both ends.
There are many configurations that take electrical connection with. Similarly, the intersection of the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line 202 is also insulated by the insulating film 501. The counter electrode 1801 is a solid electrode of ITO.

When the liquid crystal layer 108a and the liquid crystal layer 108b are formed of PD liquid crystal, it is preferable that the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network be different, and one of the liquid crystals contains a guest-host liquid crystal. That the resin is colored, not only PD liquid crystal but TN
Since liquid crystal or the like may be used, the description thereof will be omitted. Needless to say, the contents described in the other embodiments above, such as stacking a dielectric thin film on each electrode to provide an antireflection effect and forming an AIR coat at the interface with air, are applicable. Yes.

FIG. 60 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a driving method of the display panel of FIG. First, the driving method shown in FIG. 60A will be described. In the first field (frame), the source drive circuit 301 outputs a positive polarity video signal, and the video signal is the source signal line 202 and the TFT1.
Data is written in the pixel electrode 107 through 06. On the other hand, the counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 5701 are connected to the common voltage.

By writing a positive polarity video signal to the pixel electrode 107, an electric field indicated by a solid line is generated in the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b.

The second field after the first field (frame)
Of the field (frame), the drive circuit 301 outputs a negative video signal, and the video signal is output by the pixel electrode 10.
Written in 7. Therefore, the liquid crystal layers 108a, 10
An electric field indicated by a dotted line is generated at 8b. As described above, the pixels are written with voltages having different signal polarities for each field (frame), and the liquid crystal layer is AC-driven.

The counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 570
By replacing 1 with a striped electrode (the common electrode 5701 is still a striped electrode even under the present circumstances), it becomes possible to apply a higher voltage to the liquid crystal layer, so that high contrast display can be realized.

In FIG. 60 (b), the common electrode 5701 and the counter electrode 1801 (stripe electrode) are the drive circuit 4.
It is connected to 501. The drive circuit 4501 is shown in FIG.
A rectangular waveform 1101 is output. Here, the source drive circuit 301 is +6 for ease of explanation.
It is assumed that (V) and -6 (V) are alternately output, and the drive circuit 4501 alternately outputs -2 (V) and +2 (V).

Source drive circuit 301 to pixel electrode 1
When +6 (V) is written in 07, the drive circuit 4
501 outputs -2 (V). Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 10
A voltage having an absolute value of 8 (V) is applied to 8b and 108a. In the next field (frame), the pixel electrode 107
-6 (V) is written in. At this time, the drive circuit 45
01 outputs +2 (V). Also at this time, the liquid crystal layer 108
A voltage having an absolute value of 8 (V) is applied to a and 108b.

As described above, a high voltage can be easily applied to the liquid crystal layer by changing the potentials of the common electrode 5701 and the counter electrode 1801 (striped electrode) every 1H and applying a voltage to the pixel electrode 107. it can. Therefore, high contrast display can be realized.

In the above description, it is explained that the voltages applied to the common electrode 5701 and the counter electrode 1801 are the same, but the voltage is not limited to this. For example, the common electrode 5701 is + -2 (V), and the counter electrode 1801 is + -4.
(V) may be applied. That is, the voltage value applied to the counter electrode 1801 or the like may be determined in consideration of the rising voltage of the liquid crystal layer. When the liquid crystal layer 108 is relatively thick and the rising voltage is high, a high voltage can be applied to the counter electrode or the like. However, in order to increase the contrast ratio, it is preferable that the applied voltage is equal to or lower than the rising voltage value.
If the liquid crystal layer 108 is relatively thin, the voltage applied to the counter electrode or the like will naturally be low.

The pixel electrode 107 is not limited to the transparent electrode such as ITO. For example, it may be a reflective electrode made of metal or the like. In the case of a reflective electrode, it is desirable to form the reflective surface with Al or the like. Further, in order to improve the adhesion of Al or the like, Ti, Cr or the like is laminated to improve the adhesion.

The manufacturing method of the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 57 will be sequentially described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 61A, the mixed solution 2803a is applied on the array substrate 101, and the mold releasing means 2801 (peeling means) holds the mixed solution 2803a. Examples of the coating method include a spinner method, a roll quarter method, and a dropping method. Also, it is clear that the releasing means 2801 need not be used when uniform coating can be performed by a spinner or the like.

Next, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the back surface of the array substrate 101. However, since the liquid crystal component easily absorbs the wavelength of 370 nm to 390 nm and there is a risk of being deteriorated by the wavelength, the ultraviolet ray of 370 nm or more should be cut as much as possible. The cut can be easily performed with a UV (ultraviolet) cut filter.

When ultraviolet rays are radiated from the back surface of the array, the ultraviolet rays cure the resin component of the mixed solution and phase-separate the crystal component and the resin component. However, the ultraviolet light that has entered the formation portion of the TFT 106 and the gate / source signal line (not shown) is blocked and is not irradiated onto the mixed solution 2803a. Therefore, the resin component of the mixed solution 2803 on the TFT 106 is not cured.

Since the common electrode 5701 is made of ITO, it is difficult for ultraviolet rays to pass through. Therefore, FIG.
The amount of irradiation of ultraviolet rays is different between the mixed solution on the common electrode 5701 (shown by B) shown in (b) and the mixed solution on the place where the common electrode 5701 is not formed (shown by A).

Usually, the average particle diameter of the water droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network becomes smaller as the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays per unit time increases. Conversely, the weaker it is, the larger it becomes. There is a correlation between the average particle diameter or average pore diameter and the change in the orientation state depending on the applied voltage. Generally, the smaller the value, the more difficult it is to respond to the applied voltage. On the other hand, the smaller the value, the stronger the scattering characteristics. When a PD liquid crystal is used as the light modulation layer of a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal layer needs to be in a transmissive state at a voltage of a certain value or less, and at the same time, it is necessary to maximize the scattering characteristic at a certain value or less. This condition is set by reflecting process conditions (intensity of ultraviolet irradiation, temperature of mixed solution at that time, content ratio of liquid crystal component and resin component, film thickness of liquid crystal layer, etc.).

Therefore, the intensity of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated in FIG. 61A makes it possible to maximize the scattering characteristics in the range of applied voltage that can be applied to the liquid crystal layer on the common electrode 5701 (range B). On the other hand, the liquid crystal layer on A is irradiated with ultraviolet rays stronger than the appropriate value, so that the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network becomes smaller than the appropriate value. But this is fortunate. Since the liquid crystal layer in the range A is not an effective range for image display, it is not desired that the alignment state be changed by the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 107 or the common electrode 5701. If the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter is small, it becomes difficult to change the orientation state, and the black display portion is always produced.

[0299] After being irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the uncured mixed solution 280
Rinse 3 Cleaning is performed using pure ice, alcohols, etc. By this cleaning, the mixed solution on the drain terminal or the like of the TFT 106 is washed away. Next, the pixel electrode 107 is formed over the liquid crystal layer 108a. The method of forming the pixel electrode 107 is easy. This is because the process of forming ITO or the like on the color filter which is a resin has been conventionally performed frequently. At the same time when the pixel electrode 108a is formed, the TFT 10
The drain terminal 6 and the pixel electrode 107 are connected.

If the liquid crystal layer 108a is thick, the pixel electrode 1
07 and the drain terminal of the TFT 106 may cause a step, which may cause disconnection. In order to prevent this, a metal or a conductive material such as a conductive paste may be previously laminated on the drain terminal, and the pixel electrode 107 may be formed thereon.

Further, in order to form the dielectric thin film on the front surface or the rear surface of the pixel electrode to form the antireflection structure as shown in FIG. 20, the following may be done. A dielectric thin film having a predetermined optical film thickness is formed in the state of FIG. 61 (b). Then TF
To remove the dielectric thin film on the drain terminal of T106, a resist is applied and patterning is performed. After that, the pixel electrode 107 is formed. The dielectric thin film also has an effect of improving the degree of adhesion between the pixel electrode 107 and the liquid crystal layer 108a. It is needless to say that the dielectric thin film does not need to have a predetermined optical thickness when this effect is the main one. Further, when the antireflection structure has a three-layer structure, a second dielectric thin film may be formed on the pixel electrode 107 shown in FIG. 61 (c).

Next, the mixed solution 2803b is sandwiched between the counter substrate 110 on which the counter electrode 1801 (or the striped electrode) is formed and the pixel electrode 107. The method may be either a vacuum injection method or a dropping method. After that, ultraviolet rays are emitted from the counter substrate 110 side. Counter substrate 110
No light shield is formed on the counter electrode 1801. Therefore, the mixed liquid crystal 2803b is uniformly irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter becomes extremely uniform.

When ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the array substrate 101 side, the liquid crystal layer 2803b is not homogeneous because it is shielded by the TFT 106 and the like. However, in order to completely cure the uncured resin component of the liquid crystal layer, it is preferable to irradiate the ultraviolet rays from the array substrate 101 side after irradiating the ultraviolet rays from the counter substrate 110 side. This is because if there is an uncured resin component, the liquid crystal layer changes with time, the TV characteristics change little by little, and the white balance shifts.

The display panels shown in FIGS. 1, 18, 59, etc. have a structure in which the gate signal lines 201 and the source signal lines 201 are orthogonal to each other. However, if the gate signal line and the source signal line are orthogonal to each other, it becomes necessary to form the insulating film 501 at the intersection. The intersection portion serves as a capacitor and increases the time constant of the source signal line. Further, if a hole is formed in the insulating film at the intersection, a cross shoot occurs and the array substrate (display panel) becomes a defective product.

FIG. 62 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention which solves the above problems. FIG. 62 shows the array substrate 101.
FIG. However, as in FIG. 58, the pixel electrode 107 is shown in a removed state. As is apparent from FIG. 62, the source signal line 202 and the gate signal line 201 are formed in parallel. The common electrode 5701 is also formed parallel to the signal line. However, the common electrode 5701 may be formed in the direction perpendicular to the gate / source signal line. In this case, needless to say, it is necessary to form the insulating film 501 at the portion where the signal line and the common electrode 5701 overlap.

FIG. 63 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel of FIG. However, for convenience of expression, the common electrode 5701 is drawn so as to be orthogonal to the gate signal line 201 and the like.

64 and 65 are sectional views when a display panel is formed using the array substrate shown in FIG.
64 is a cross-sectional view at the TFT 106 portion which is orthogonal to the signal line, and FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional view at a portion which is orthogonal to the signal line and has no TFT. As shown in FIG. 65, it is preferable to form a low dielectric film 109 on the signal line. Normally, the off-voltage is applied to the gate signal line 201 most of the time and the potential is fixed. Therefore, a horizontal electric field (DC voltage) is applied between the source signal line 202 and the gate signal line 201, and abnormal alignment of the liquid crystal layer 108 is likely to occur. As shown in FIG. 65, if the low dielectric film 109 is formed and a light shielding material such as carbon is contained in the film 109, light leakage does not occur between the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line 202. ,
A good display contrast can be realized.

FIG. 66 is a configuration diagram in which an additional capacitance (additional capacitor) is formed between the drain terminal 502 and the common electrode 5701. 67 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG. 66. It can be seen that an insulating film 501 is formed between the common electrode 5701 and the drain terminal 502 to form an additional capacitor. 68 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel shown in FIG. 68.

In the display panel shown in FIGS. 57 and 64, the pixel electrode 107 is formed between the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b, and the pixel electrode 107, the counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 570 are formed.
An electric field is generated between the two to perform light modulation. In comparison with that, the display panel shown in FIG. 69 has two pixel electrodes 107a and 107b and two TFTs 106a and 106a.
b and a counter electrode 1801 (or a striped electrode).

The pixel electrode 107a is connected to the TFT 106a, and the pixel electrode 106b is connected to the pixel electrode 107b. The liquid crystal layer 108b is modulated by the electric field applied between the pixel electrode 107b and the counter electrode 1801. Also,
The liquid crystal layer 108a is modulated by the electric field applied between the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b. Thickness of liquid crystal layer 108b:
The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108a is set to approximately 1: 2.

As a driving method, the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel electrode 107a and the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel electrode 107b are opposite to each other. For example, when +6 (V) is applied to the pixel electrode 107a, -6 (V) is applied to the pixel electrode 107b. Therefore, a voltage of +6-(-6) = 12 (V) is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108. At that time, 6-0 = 6 (V) is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108b.
Is applied. That is, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 108a: the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 108b = 2: 1. Therefore, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108a is smaller than that of the liquid crystal layer 108a.
The film thickness is twice as large as that of b. It should be noted that this is the case where the compositions and configurations of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are the same and is not limited to the case where they are different.

The display panel of FIG. 69 can improve the display contrast as much as the PD liquid crystal film can be thickened, and can display a high-quality image.

FIG. 70 shows a common electrode 5701 and a counter electrode 1.
801 and the connection hole 5702b. The common electrode 5701 is connected to the counter electrode 1801 for each pixel. Other points are similar to those of the display panel shown in FIG. 57, and therefore description thereof will be omitted. With the structure shown in FIG. 70, the counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 5701 can be supplied with electricity at both times. Further, since the counter electrode 1801 having a low impedance is supplied to the common electrode 5701 for each pixel, the potential of the common electrode of all pixels becomes the same, and high quality display can be realized.

FIG. 71 is a development of the configuration of FIG. 57, FIG. 64, FIG. 70 and the like. The pixel electrode of the TFT 106 includes a pixel electrode between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b, and a fourth liquid crystal layer 108b.
Is formed between the liquid crystal layer 108d and the third liquid crystal layer 108c, and the counter electrode 1801a is formed of the protective film 103 and the fourth liquid crystal layer 108c.
d, the counter electrode 1801b is disposed between the second liquid crystal layer 108b and the third liquid crystal layer 108c, and the first counter electrode 1801a and the second counter electrode 1801b are connected to each other by the connecting portion 5.
It is electrically connected at 702b. Similarly, the second pixel electrode 107b and the first pixel electrode 107a are connected to each other at the connection portion 570.
It is electrically connected by 2a.

Since the display panel shown in FIG. 71 has four liquid crystal layers 108, the display contrast is extremely high. Therefore, high quality image display can be realized.

FIG. 72 is an explanatory diagram of a display device using the panel of the present invention. The display panel 7201 may be any of the display panels of the present invention.

In FIG. 72, a rod-shaped fluorescent tube 7205 is arranged at the end of the light guide plate 7204. The fluorescent sheet is surrounded by a reflection sheet 7206. Reflective sheet 72
Examples of 06 include Silver Lux, Ag vapor deposition sheet, Al sheet and the like manufactured by 3M Company. Further, the diameter d ₁ of the fluorescent tube 7205 and the thickness d _{2 of the} light guide plate 7204 are d ₁ : d ₂ = 1:
Set to 1.2 to 1.8. Most preferably d ₁ is d ₂ × (2
/ 3) It is better to set it around. The diameter d _{1 of the} fluorescent tube is 2.
It is preferable to use one having a diameter of 5 mm to 4.0 mm.

The light emitted from the fluorescent tube 7205 is reflected in the light guide plate 7204 and transmitted. A diffusing agent (not shown) is appropriately applied to the surface of the light guide plate. The light that has entered the diffusing agent is scattered and enters the prism sheet 7203.

The prism sheet 7203 is a plate on the surface of which triangular irregularities are formed, and the light incident on this prism sheet is converted into light of narrow directivity. The prism sheet 7203 is usually used by stacking two sheets.

The light emitted from the prism sheet enters the polarizing plate 7202a and becomes polarized light, and the polarized light enters the display panel 7201 of the present invention. The display panel of the present invention may be any display panel described above. A polarizing plate 7202b is arranged on the emission side of the display panel 7201.

The polarizing plate 7202a and the polarizing plate 7202b are preferably arranged so as to have a crossed Nicols relationship in the case of a direct-view type display panel as shown in FIG. This is because the viewing angle becomes large. However, when used in a projection display device, it is preferable to arrange them in a parallel Nicol relationship. This is to increase the screen brightness. Note that the polarizing plates 7202 are arranged or formed in front of and behind the display panel of the present invention (incident side and emission side), but this is for increasing the display contrast, and when the display contrast is slightly low, it is acceptable. It is not necessary to dispose a polarizing plate. This also applies to the projection type display device.

The display device shown in FIG. 72 has a structure for observing a display image from the A direction. In addition, a method using an array substrate as a light guide plate as shown in FIG. 73 is also conceivable. The liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between the light guide plate 101a and the counter substrate 110a, and the liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the light guide plate 101a and the counter substrate 110b. The display image can be viewed from the A direction and the B direction. The counter substrate may be the light guide plate. Counter electrodes 1801 (or stripe electrodes) are formed on both surfaces of the light guide plate, and the liquid crystal layer 10 is provided between the counter electrodes and the first array substrate.
8a is sandwiched, and the liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the other counter electrode and the second array substrate. In this case,
Since it is only necessary to form the counter electrode on the light guide plate, the display device can be easily configured. Although the light guide plate is the counter electrode substrate or the array substrate, it is not limited to this.
It goes without saying that the first counter substrate (array substrate) may be attached (or arranged) to the light guide plate 7204, and the second counter substrate (array substrate) may be attached (or arranged) to the other surface. . In this case, a polarizing plate (polarizing film) 72 is provided between the light guide plate 7204 and the counter substrate (array substrate).
No. 02 can be arranged, and preferable display contrast can be increased.

75 and 76 are configuration diagrams of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. At least one of the light incident surface and the light emitting surface 7406 from the display panel 7401 of the present invention described above is transparent with an AIR coat (not shown) to minimize the generation of reflected light. The member 7403 (transparent substrate) is used as the optical coupling layer 7
Stick through 401. Examples of the material of the optical coupling layer 7401 include ethylene glycol, epoxy resin, silicone resin, silicone adhesive, acrylic adhesive, epoxy adhesive and the like. These have a refractive index of 1.40 to 1.5
This is because it is 0 or more, which is close to the refractive index of 1.52 of the glass substrate 101 such as soda glass, and it becomes difficult for unnecessary reflected light to be generated at the interface.

A point to be noted is that when the transparent substrate 7403 and the array substrate 101 are attached by the optical coupling layer 7401,
This is to prevent air from entering the optical coupling layer 7401. When air is mixed and an air layer is formed, an image quality abnormality occurs due to the difference in refractive index. The image quality abnormality in the case of the projection type display device is that incident light is refracted and the place becomes black on the screen. In order to prevent air from entering, the transparent substrate 7403 and the display panel 7201 may be placed in a vacuum chamber and a resin to be the optical coupling layer 7401 may be injected between the transparent substrate 7403 and the display panel 7201 by a vacuum injection method. Just like injecting liquid crystal into the gap of the liquid crystal display panel. In addition, in this way, the optical coupling layer 7
Optical coupling (OC) is used to optically couple reflected light using 401 or the like, or is called OC.

If there is no transparent member 7403, the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 is the array substrate 101 or the counter substrate 1.
The light is reflected at the interface between 10 and the air, becomes reflected light, and returns to the liquid crystal layer 108 and is scattered again. This is called secondary scattered light.
The secondary scattered light significantly reduces the display contrast of the PD liquid crystal display panel.

In order to prevent the generation of this secondary scattered light, as shown in FIGS. 75 and 76, a transparent member 7403 (a transparent substrate, a lens such as a concave lens) is provided on at least one of the counter substrate 110 and the array substrate 101. Install. The transparent member 7403 is optically coupled by the optical coupling layer 7401 to prevent reflected light as much as possible.

The light 7404 scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 is reflected by the interface 7406 of the transparent member 7403 and reflected light 7405 is reflected.
Becomes The reflected light 7405 is incident on and absorbed by a region (hereinafter referred to as an ineffective region) of the transparent member 7403 where effective light for image display does not pass, for example, a light absorbing film 7402 formed on the side surface. Therefore, secondary scattered light is not generated and the display contrast can be made extremely high.

As the light absorption film 7402, black paint is exemplified. Other materials for the light shielding film 109 can also be used. Further, it may be a structure in which the surface of the ineffective region is polished and shown. These should be considered to be included in the concept of the light absorption film 7402.

FIG. 74 shows the effect of the transparent member 7403.
As shown in FIG. 74A, the panel 7201 is irradiated with parallel rays, and the luminance of the light modulation layer 108 is measured from the emission side.
The brightness B is the brightness measured when the thickness t of the emission side substrate is extremely thin with respect to the diagonal length of the effective display area and the light absorption film 7402 is not provided. Specifically, d = 50 (mm)
On the other hand, the thickness of the emission side substrate is 1 (mm) (t = 1).

In FIG. 74 (b), the vertical axis represents the luminance ratio (Be /
B) and the horizontal axis represents the relative substrate thickness (t / d). From FIG. 74 (b), t / d = 0.3 is constant and t / d <
It can be seen that when 0.3, the rate of decrease in the brightness ratio (Be / B) is large.

A small luminance ratio means that the display contrast is high. According to FIG. 74 (b), t / d = 0.2
A contrast improvement effect of 5 to 0.3 or more is sufficient,
It can be seen that even at t / d = 0.15, which is 1/2 of t / d, is in the practical range. Therefore, the refractive index of the substrate n =
When it is 1.52, t / d is preferably 0.15 or more, and more preferably (t / d) is 0.3 or more. Therefore, the relationship between the thickness t of the transparent substrate and the diagonal length d of the panel is as follows (Equation 1)
Should be satisfied.

[0332]

[Equation 1]

The transparent substrate 7403 is not limited to the glass substrate. For example, it may be made of a resin such as acrylic or polycarbonate. In addition, the transparent substrate 740
By using 3 as the concave lens 7403b, the substrate thickness can be reduced. Furthermore, by combining the concave lens 7403b with a positive lens 7701, the concave lens 7403b
With the positive lens 7701, positive and negative optical power can be eliminated, and it can be regarded as a transparent substrate in appearance. FIG. 77 shows an example of the development of these configurations.

The projection display apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 78 is a block diagram of the projection type display device of the present invention. Reference numeral 7201 denotes the display panel of the present invention, for example, the display panel of FIGS. 37 and 53, in which the counter electrode 1801 is a reflection plate. In FIG. 52, the counter electrode 1801a is a reflector. 57, 64, and 6
7, the pixel electrode 107 is used as a reflective electrode in FIG. 70, the pixel electrode 107b is used as a reflective electrode in FIG. 69, and the like.

The light source 7801 has a concave mirror 7801b and a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp or the like as the light generating means 7801a arranged therein. A UV IR cut filter 7801 that cuts ultraviolet rays (UV) and infrared rays (IR) on the light emission side
c is arranged. The curvature of the concave mirror 7801b is designed to be an appropriate value in consideration of the arc length of the lamp 7801a and the F value of the projection lens 7806. P as the light modulation layer 108
When the one using D liquid crystal is used as the light valve, since the F value (F number) of the projection lens 7806 is large, it is preferable that the concave mirror be an ellipsoidal mirror.

The light emitted from the lamp 7801a is split into P-polarized light and S-polarized light by the light splitting surface 7803a of the polarization beam splitter 7802a (hereinafter referred to as PBS). Note that the light transmitted through the PBS 7802a is P-polarized light, and the light reflected by the light separation surface 7803a is S-polarized light.

The P-polarized light has a λ / 2 plate 7901 and a polarization plane of 90.
Is rotated once. What is a λ / 2 plate? (Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycarbonate, polyvinyl sulfone, polyester etc. By stretching a resin sheet, molecules are substantially arranged in one direction, and a film or plate is provided with a phase difference. The light emitted from the λ / 2 plate 7901 is
The light is reflected by the light separation surface 7803b of the PBS 7902b and enters the liquid crystal layer 108a of the display panel 7201. Here, the display panel 7201 uses TN liquid crystal or the like as a light modulation layer. It is assumed that the display panel is a polarization type display panel. When PD liquid crystal is used, PBS and display panel 72
A polarizing plate may be arranged between the two.

The light incident from the PBS 7802b is modulated by the liquid crystal layer 108a based on the signal applied to each pixel electrode or the like, and converted into P polarized light. The P-polarized light is PB
After passing through the light separation surface 7803b of S7802b, the mirror 7
It is reflected at 805a. The light reflected by the mirror 7805a is enlarged and projected onto the screen 7807b by the projection lens 7806b.

On the other hand, the light separation surface 780 of the PBS7802a
The light reflected by 3c passes through the relay lens 7804, is reflected by the mirror 7805b, and is bent 90 degrees in the traveling direction. The relay lens 7804 is arranged because the S-polarized light path and the P-polarized light path to the display panel 7201 are different.

The light reflected by the mirror 7805b is PBS
The light is reflected by the light separation surface 7803c of the 7802c and enters the liquid crystal layer 108b of the display panel 7021. The light is converted into P-polarized light based on the voltage applied to each pixel electrode or the like, and the converted P-polarized light is converted into the light separation surface 7 of the PBS 7802c.
The light passes through 803c, is reflected by the mirror 7805c, and enters the projection lens 7806a. The light incident on the projection lens 7806a is enlarged and projected on the screen 7807a.

The projection lens 7806a is a screen 780.
7a, and the projection lens 7806b projects the light on the screen 7807b. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the light projected by the projection lenses 7806a and 7806b may be projected on one screen. Needless to say.

Hereinafter, other embodiments of the present invention will be sequentially described. Note that the display panel of the present invention is also used for the display panel used as a light valve in the following.

FIG. 79 is a block diagram of a projection type display device using a transmission type display panel as a light valve.

The light emitted from the light-emitting lamp 7801a is passed through the UV IR cut filter 7801c so as to emit UV light and IR light.
The light is cut. The light is incident on PBS7802. The light reflected by the light splitting surface 7803 of the PBS 7802 is reflected by the mirror 7805a, the polarization axis is rotated by 90 ° by the λ / 2 plate 7901, and then the light is emitted from the λ / 2 plate 7901. A polarizing means (polarizing plate or PBS) 7902 is arranged on the incident side of the projection lens 7806, and the polarization axis (polarization direction) of the polarizing means 7902 is substantially the same as the polarization axis (polarization direction) emitted from the λ / 2 plate 7901. Match.

The light emitted from the PBS 7802 is R by dichroic mirrors (DM) 7903a and 7903b,
The light is separated into the optical paths of the three primary color lights of G and B, and modulated by the light valve 7201 of the present invention arranged in each optical path. The modulated light is a dichroic mirror 7903c
And 7903d and combined into one optical path, and enlarged and projected by a projection lens 7806 on a screen (not shown).

As described above, in the projection type display device of the present invention, a good display contrast can be realized by using the light valve of the present invention and making polarized light enter the light valve. Needless to say, a practically sufficient display contrast can be realized without the polarizing plate 7902. This is because if the incident light entering the light valve 7201 is polarized light, good scattering characteristics can be obtained.

The specifications common to the projection type display device of the present invention will be described below. The following values or range of values are important matters especially for a projection type display device using a liquid crystal display device using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal as a light modulation layer as a light valve.

In the projection type display device of the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving the light utilization rate, if the panel effective display size (display area of the panel) is reduced, the F number of the illumination light needs to be increased. If the panel effective display size d is increased, the F number of the illumination light can be decreased, and as a result, a bright large screen display can be realized. However, if the panel effective display size becomes large, the system size of the projection type display device becomes large, which is not preferable. Further, if the effective display size of the panel is reduced, the luminous flux per unit area incident on the display area of the panel is increased, which is not preferable because the panel is heated.

Further, the luminance of the luminous body is set to be 1.2 × 10 ⁸ (nt) constant in consideration of the lamp life. Further, it is considered that the arc length and the power consumption of the lamp are approximately proportional. The efficiency of the metal halide lamp is 80 (1 m / W).
The total luminous flux of a 50 (W) lamp is 4000 (1 m), 10
The total luminous flux of a 0 (W) lamp is 8000 (1 m), 150
The total luminous flux of the (W) lamp is 12000 (1 m).
The lamp arc length and the lamp power consumption are correlated, and the arc length and the F number are correlated.

In the projection type display device, the screen size of the projected image is 40 inches or more, and the luminous flux of 300 to 400 (1 m) or more is required to obtain the viewing angle and the brightness of the image in the practical range. Therefore, if the light utilization rate of the lamp is about 4%, a lamp of 100 (W) or more must be used.

If the panel effective display size is also small, sufficient display brightness cannot be obtained. Assuming that the arc length is 3-4 (mm) and the effective F value of the illumination light is 7, the panel effective display size needs to be about 3.5 inches.
Arc length is about 5 (mm), panel effective display size is 2
If it is more than a inch, the effective F value of the illumination light will be less than 5. In this case, the display brightness is in the practical range, but good display contrast (CR) cannot be expected.

As a result of experiments and examinations of the above, arc length a (mm) and effective display of panel (image display range)
It is necessary to satisfy the following relationship with the diagonal length d (inch) of the area. Further, the arc width k = a / d satisfies the relationship of (Equation 2).

[0353]

[Equation 2]

The diagonal length of the effective display area of the panel must be 5 inches or less from the viewpoint of system size. Further, it must be 1.0 inch or more in terms of light utilization efficiency. Above all, preferably 1.5 inches or more in order to obtain sufficient light condensing efficiency and to be compact.
Must be 5 inches or less.

The F number of the projection lens, in a broad sense, the F number of the projection optical system must be 5 or more in order to obtain a good contrast (CR). Further, it must be 10 or less to obtain a sufficient screen brightness.
Further, considering the arc length of the lamp described above, the F number must be 6 or more and 10 or less.

If the divergence angle (F number) of the illumination light does not substantially match the converging angle (F number) of the projection lens, the light utilization rate decreases. This is because the F number is restricted to the larger one. The F-number of the illumination light of the projection type display device of the present invention and the F-number of the projection lens are matched.

In the above description, for example, an arc length of the lamp of 5 mm means "substantially 5 mm". Substantially 5 mm means an arc length of 8 m
Even if the length is m, if the projection lens can collect only the light emitted from about 5 mm near the center of the arc, the arc length will be substantially 5 mm. Similarly, the F number means a valid F number.
Even if the physical F number is 4, if the light passes only near the center of the pupil of the projection lens, the F number is naturally 4 or more.

FIG. 80 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention, which is a light emitting lamp 7801a.
The light emitted from is separated into P-polarized light and S-polarized light by the PBS7802. Now, it is assumed that the light passing through the light separation surface 7803 is P-polarized light and the reflected light is S-polarized light. P-polarized light is R
Only the R light is filtered by the filter 8001a.
Pass a. On the other hand, the S-polarized light has its optical path length adjusted to the liquid crystal display panels 7201a and 7201b adjusted by the relay lens 7804, is reflected by the mirror 7805a, and is reflected by the B filter 8
At 001b, only the B light passes through the filter 8001b.
The R light is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201a, and the B light is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201b.

The light modulated by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is reflected by the mirror 7805 and enters the reflection type prism 8002. As an example, the reflection type prism is an isosceles triangular prism on which a reflection mirror is formed. The light reflected by the prism 8002 enters the polarizing plate 7902 and is enlarged and projected on the screen 7807 by the projection lens 7801.

The liquid crystal display panel 7201a modulates red light, and the image is projected on the screen 7807. On the other hand, the liquid crystal display panel 7201b modulates blue light, and the image is projected on the screen 7807. Therefore,
Images of two colors, red and blue, are displayed on the screen 7807. A stereoscopic display can be seen by looking at this with a glass attached with a filter with one eye red and the other blue. As a matter of course, it is necessary that the video signal input to the liquid crystal display panel 7201a and the video signal input to the liquid crystal display panel 7201b become a stereoscopic image (referred to as 3D) when photographed by a camera or the like.

There is no filter 8001, a color filter is attached to the liquid crystal display panel 7201, and the λ / 2 plate 7
901 and the polarizing plate 7902 are not provided. At that time, 3D of color display can be observed by wearing glasses whose polarization axes are different by 90 degrees for the right eye and the left eye.

The above is the embodiment of the projection type display device in which the polarization means is disposed on the incident side or the like in order to allow the polarized light to enter the liquid crystal display device 22. However, it goes without saying that practically sufficient image display can be realized without these polarizing means. The embodiments will be sequentially described below.

FIG. 81 is a block diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention. Reference numeral 7903a is a dichroic mirror (BDM) that reflects B light, 7903b is a dichroic mirror (GDM) that reflects G light, and 7903c is a dichroic mirror (RDM) that reflects R light. The arrangement of BDM7903a to RDM7903c is not limited to the order shown in the figure. Also, the last RDM
It goes without saying that the 7903c may be replaced with a total reflection mirror.

Liquid crystal display panel 7903c for modulating R light
The thickness 108 of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display panel 7903a, 7903b for modulating other G and B light
It is made thicker than 08. Further, the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is changed depending on the wavelength of the modulated light.
The longer the wavelength of the modulated light, the larger the average particle or average pore size. This is because the longer the wavelength of light, the lower the scattering characteristics and the lower the contrast. This should be applied to the previous embodiment and the following. Reference numeral 8103 is an aperture as a diaphragm. It should be noted that the aperture 8103 is illustrated for explaining the operation of the projection display device. Aperture 8
Since 103 defines the converging angle of the projection optical system, it may be considered as included in the function of the projection optical system. That is, if the F value of the projection optical system is large, the aperture 8
It can be considered that the hole diameter of 103 is small. In order to obtain a high-contrast display, the larger the F value of the projection optical system, the better. However, the larger the brightness, the lower the brightness of white display. Specifically, the projection lens 780 is used without using the aperture.
The function of 6 includes the function of the aperture.

FIG. 82 is a perspective view showing FIG. 81 more specifically. Reference numeral 8201 is a field lens. However, parts such as a relay lens that are unnecessary for the description are omitted. Further, FIG. 83 shows a structure of a cabinet 8302 of a projection type display device using the projector (optical block) 8301 shown in FIG. A transmissive screen 7807 is arranged on the upper front side of the cabinet 8302, a projector 8301 is arranged on the lower rear side, a plane mirror 501d is arranged on the lower front side, and a plane mirror 7805e is arranged on the rear side of the screen 7807. By shortening the projection distance (optical path length from the projection lens to the center of the screen 7807) and downsizing the projector 8301, the cabinet 8302 can be downsized.

The operation of the projection type display device of the present invention will be described below. Since the R, G, and B light modulation systems have almost the same operation, the B light modulation system will be described as an example.

White light is emitted from the light source 7801, and the B light component of this white light is reflected by the BDM 7903a. This B light is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201a.
The liquid crystal display panel 7201a modulates the light by controlling the scattering and transmission state of the incident light according to the signal applied to each pixel electrode 107.

The scattered light is blocked by the aperture 8103a, and conversely, the parallel light or the light within a predetermined angle is opened by the aperture 8103a.
Pass 103a. The modulated light is projected by the projection lens 780.
6, the image is enlarged and projected on the screen 7807. As described above, the B light component of the image is displayed on the screen 7807. Similarly, the liquid crystal display panel 7201b modulates the light of the G light component, and the liquid crystal display panel 7201c has the R component.
The light of the light component is modulated, and a color image is displayed on the screen 7807.

FIG. 81 shows three liquid crystal display panels 7201.
However, if one liquid crystal display panel having three display areas is used as shown in FIG. 84, the structure of the projection display device can be simplified.

The liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 84 has three display areas (B, G, R) on one array substrate 101.
That is, it has three display regions in which the pixel electrodes 107 are formed in a matrix. The counter substrate 110 may be divided into three counter substrates as shown in FIG. 84, but one counter substrate 110 may be provided for three display areas. The gate drive circuit 302 is formed or arranged on the left side (302a) of the display area B and the right side (302b) of the display area R. The source drive color 301 is for each display area (R, G,
Formed or arranged individually for B).

The gate drive circuit 302a is connected to the odd-numbered gate signal lines, and the even-numbered gate signal lines are connected to the gate drive circuit 302b. By connecting the gate signal lines in this way, it is possible to prevent uneven brightness in the left and right of the display image caused by delay of signals to the gate signal lines. This occurs because the voltage near the output of the gate drive circuit 302 and the voltage at the signal line end are different when viewed at one time due to the resistance of the gate signal line. In the case of FIG. 84, there is a possibility that uneven brightness may occur in a comb shape in the R and B display areas, but it is not visually recognized.

FIG. 85 is a block diagram of a projection type display device using the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 84 as a light valve. With the above configuration, the inter-display area distance h shown in FIG. 84 can be shortened. Therefore, the projector 830
1 can be miniaturized. Also, since the three display areas can be positioned and adjusted at the same time, focus adjustment and the like can be performed quickly and easily.

81 and 85 show three projection lenses 78.
Although it is a method of enlarging and projecting onto the screen 7807 by 06, there is also a method of enlarging and projecting with a single projection lens 7806. The block diagram is shown in FIG. 86.

Here, in order to facilitate the explanation,
b, a liquid crystal display panel for displaying a G light image, 7201a
Is a liquid crystal display panel that displays an R light image, and 7201c is a liquid crystal display panel that displays a B light image. Therefore, with respect to the wavelengths that are transmitted and reflected by each dichroic mirror 7903, the dichroic mirror 7903a reflects R light and transmits G light and B light. The dichroic mirror 7903b reflects G light and transmits B light. The dichroic mirror 7903c transmits R light and reflects G light. The dichroic mirror 7903d transmits R and G lights and reflects B lights.

The light emitted from the light source 7801a is reflected by the total reflection mirror 7805a, and the direction of the light is changed. The light is dichroic mirror 7903a, 7
903b separates the R, G, and B lights into the three primary color optical paths. The R light is to the field lens 8201a, the G light is to the field lens 8201b, and the B light is to the field lens 8.
It is incident on 201c. Each field lens 8201 collects each light, and the liquid crystal display panel 7201 changes the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 108 according to each video signal, and modulates the light. The R, G, and B lights thus modulated are combined by the dichroic mirrors 7903c and 7903d and enlarged and projected on the screen 7807 by the projection lens 7806.

The configuration shown in FIG. 86 has the projector 8301.
By arranging it in the cabinet 8302, the rear projection type display device shown in FIG. 83 can be constructed.

There is one problem in constructing the projection type display device having the structure of FIG. 86 by using three liquid crystal display panels manufactured by the low temperature or high temperature polysilicon technology. This is because the scanning direction of the source drive circuit 302 or the gate drive circuit 301 of one liquid crystal display device needs to be opposite to that of the other liquid crystal display device.

For example, in FIG. 86, as shown in FIG. 78, the gate drive circuit 30 of the liquid crystal display panel 7201b.
It is necessary to make the scanning direction of 1 opposite to the scanning direction of the gate drive circuit 301 of another liquid crystal display device.
This is because the image is vertically inverted by the dichroic mirror (DM) 7903. In order to superimpose the projected images of the three liquid crystal display panels on the screen, it is necessary to invert the images of one liquid crystal display panel. The configuration of FIG. 86 is referred to as a vertically expanded configuration. On the other hand, in other configurations (horizontal expansion configuration), the source drive circuit 3 of the liquid crystal display panel 7201b is used.
The scanning direction of 02 must be opposite.

However, the polysilicon liquid crystal display panel is
Since the drive circuit needs to be formed at the same time as the pixel TFTs in one substrate, it is difficult to form a drive circuit having a left / right inversion circuit or an up / down inversion circuit that is complicated in design, and if formed, the panel yield is reduced. Further, since the mobility of the transistor is as small as about 100, it is difficult to perform high clock operation with a complicated circuit configuration.

Therefore, the display panel is not provided with a vertical inversion function and / or a horizontal inversion function, and is vertically or horizontally inverted in a memory and supplied to the display panel 7201b. This can be easily realized by using a field (frame) memory or a line memory.

The construction of the projection type display device using the reflection type liquid crystal display panel or the like shown in FIG. 87 as a light valve will be described below.

The projection lens 7806 is composed of a first lens group 7806b on the liquid crystal display panel side and a second lens group 7806a on the screen side. A plane mirror 7805 is provided between the first lens group 7806a and the second lens group 7806b. Are arranged. The scattered light emitted from the pixel at the center of the screen of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is emitted from the first lens group 7806.
After passing through b, about half of them enter the plane mirror 7805, and the rest do not enter the plane mirror 7805 and enter the second lens group 7806a. The normal line of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror 7805 is 4 with respect to the optical axis 8702 of the projection lens 7806.
It is tilted 5 °. The light from the light source 7806 is the plane mirror 7.
Reflected by 805 and transmitted through the first lens group 7806b,
The liquid crystal display panel 7201 enters. Liquid crystal display panel 72
The reflected light from 01 passes through the first lens group 7806b and the second lens group 7806a in this order and reaches the screen. A light ray that exits from the center of the aperture of the projection lens 7806 and travels toward the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is made substantially vertical to the liquid crystal layer 108, that is, telecentric.

Here, for ease of explanation, the panel for modulating the R light is the liquid crystal display panel 7201a, the panel for modulating the G light is the liquid crystal display panel 7201b, and the panel for modulating the B light is the liquid crystal display panel 7201c. As described below.

In FIG. 87, the dichroic mirror 7
Reference numeral 903 serves both as a color composition system and a color separation system. Light source 78
The white light emitted from 01 is reflected by the plane mirror 7805, and the first group 7806 of the projection lens 7806.
incident on b. The band of the UVIR cut filter 7801c is a half value of 430 nm to 690 nm. After that,
When describing the band of light, it is expressed in half value. The dichroic mirror 7903a reflects R light and transmits B light and G light. The R light is band-limited by the dichroic mirror 7903c and enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201a. R
The band of light is 600 to 690 nm. On the other hand, the dichroic mirror 7903b reflects B light and transmits G light. The B light is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201b, and the R light is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7903a. The incident B light has a band of 430 nm to 490 nm, and the G light has a band of 510 nm to
It is 570 nm. The bands of these lights are the same for other projection type display devices of the present invention. An optical image is formed on each liquid crystal display panel 7201 as a change in the scattering state according to the respective video signals. The optical system formed by each liquid crystal display panel 7201 is color-synthesized by the dichroic mirror 7903, and is incident on the projection lens 7806, and the screen 7
It is enlarged and projected on 807.

The light incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 passes through the liquid crystal layer 108 twice, from the counter electrode 1801 to the reflection electrode 107 (incident path) and from the reflection electrode 107 to the counter electrode 1801 (emission path). It will be. Therefore, the liquid crystal film thickness is apparently equivalent to that of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel having a double thickness.
Therefore, compared with the transmissive liquid crystal display panel, the scattering performance is improved and high contrast display can be realized.

The dichroic mirror 7903 functions as a filter that reflects (transmits) light of a specific wavelength. For example, the dichroic mirror 7903b reflects light of a specific wavelength when the light from the light source 7801 enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201b. In addition, the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device panel 7201b is reflected by the projection lens 7
When incident on 807, it reflects light of a specific wavelength.

One dichroic mirror 7903 is
The light is reflected twice when it enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and when it exits. In the configuration of FIG. 87, one dichroic mirror 7903 limits the wavelength band of light twice. That is, the dichroic mirror 7903 functions as a secondary filter. As compared with the dichroic mirror 7903 of FIG. 86, the cutoff characteristic for band limitation becomes steeper. Therefore, each liquid crystal display panel 720
There is no overlap in the band of light incident on 1. Therefore, color reproducibility is improved, and high-quality image display can be realized.

Further, the dichroic mirror 7903 has both a color separating function and a color synthesizing function, so that the system size of the projection type display device can be reduced.

In the reflection type projection display apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 87, it is necessary to pay attention to the incident direction and the outgoing direction of the light incident on the light separation surface. Specifically, FIG. 87 needs to be as shown in FIG. 88. That is, FIG. 87 is merely displayed for ease of illustration and description. Hereinafter, the reason why it should be as shown in FIG. 88 will be described.

In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 87, a light source 7801
The light emitted from the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is reflected by the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light that illuminates the liquid crystal display panel 7201, the projection lens 7806, and the screen 7
The optical axes 8701b of the projection light reaching the 807 have different angles of incidence on the dichroic mirror 7903.
As the dichroic mirror 7903, generally used is one in which a dielectric multilayer film is vapor-deposited on a transparent substrate and which transmits or reflects light in a specific wavelength band. This type of dichroic mirror has a characteristic that the spectral performance shifts depending on the incident angle of light rays, and as shown in FIG.
When a and the optical axis 8701b are incident at different angles, it is difficult to obtain a projection image with a desired color purity because the spectral characteristics for color separation and the spectral characteristics for color combination are different from each other.

In the configuration of the projection type display device of FIG. 88, the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light and the optical axis 8701b of the projection light reflected by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and projected by the projection lens 7806 are the liquid crystal display panel 7201. Can be made symmetric with respect to a plane including the center normal line of and the center normal line of the light separating surface such as the dichroic mirror. Therefore, the angles of incidence on the light splitting surfaces can be made equal to each other. Therefore, the spectral performance after color separation matches the spectral performance after color combination, and the projection image displayed on the screen 7807 can obtain a desired color purity.

Thus, as is apparent from the advantages of the projection type display device of FIG. 88, the color purity is good and the color uniformity is excellent when the reflection type liquid crystal display panel utilizing natural light is used. That is, the projection image can be easily displayed.

Dichroic mirrors 7903a, 790
3b is a glass substrate on which a dielectric multilayer film in which low-refractive index layers and high-refractive index layers are alternately laminated is vapor-deposited, and the color separation / synthesis surfaces are both liquid crystal display panels 7201a and 7201.
The light modulating layer 108 of b, 7201c is arranged at an angle of 45 °.

The light emitted from the lamp 7801a passes through the cold mirror 7805a and the mirror 7805 and sequentially enters the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b. The light incident on the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b is separated into three primary color lights of R, G, and B, and is incident on the corresponding three liquid crystal display panels 7201, and the reflected light is incident on the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b again. The three primary color lights of R, G, and B are combined by dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b, transmitted through an aperture stop, and then enlarged and projected onto a screen 7807 by a projection lens 7806.

Of the light that has entered the liquid crystal display panel 7201, the light that has entered the pixels in the scattered state and has been reflected as scattered light is the aperture stop of the projection lens 7806 or the inner wall of the lens barrel (not shown). Due to this, most of it is shielded from light and black display is performed. On the other hand, the light that enters the pixel in the non-scattering state, is specularly reflected, and travels is the aperture stop of the projection lens 7806.
And through the lens group that constitutes the projection lens 7806,
The screen 7807 is reached as a white display. In this way, the optical image modulated in the scattering mode and the non-scattering mode on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is displayed as a projection image on the screen.

In the structure shown in FIG. 88, the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light emitted from the light source 7801 and the liquid crystal display panel 72 are arranged.
Since the plane including the optical axis 8701b of the projection light reflected by 01 is arranged perpendicular to the plane including the center normal of the liquid crystal display device panel 7201 and the center normals of the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b. The surface including the optical axis 8701a and the optical axis 8701b forms an angle of 45 ° with the color separation / synthesis surface of the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b. Therefore, the dichroic mirrors 7903a, 7903a and 7903a and
It can be incident on 903b.

Dichroic mirrors 7903a and 790
The spectral transmittance of 3b is shown in FIGS. 89 (a) and 89 (b). Figure 8
9A shows the spectral transmittance when the incident angle of the light ray on the dichroic mirror 7903a is 45 °. The dichroic mirror 7903a reflects the R light, and the G light and the B light.
It is a type that transmits light.

According to the structure of the present embodiment, the spectral performances in the case of color separation and the spectral performances in the case of color combination are the same, so that the spectral performances shown in FIGS. It can be reflected in the projected image.

For comparison, the case of the configuration shown in the conventional example of FIG. 87 will be described below. Optical axis of illumination light 87
If 01a is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 at 5 °, the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light and the optical axis 8701b of the projection light form an angle of 10 °, and the incident angle of the illumination light on the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b is large. Is 40
°, projection light dichroic mirror 7903a, 790
The angle of incidence on 3b is 50 °.

Spectral transmittances when the incident angle is 40 ° and when the incident angle is 50 ° are shown in FIGS. 90 (a) and 90 (b). Figure 9
0 (a) is a dichroic mirror 7903a, FIG.
(B) shows the spectral transmittance of the dichroic mirror 7903b. The solid line in the figure shows the case where the incident angle of the light beam is 40 °, and the dotted line shows the case where the incident angle of the light beam is 50 °.

From FIGS. 90 (a) and 90 (b), the spectral performance of the illumination light and the spectral performance of the projected light are significantly different due to the wavelength shift depending on the incident angle, and the desired color can be obtained without lowering the light utilization efficiency. It can prove difficult to obtain purity.

Similarly, the technical idea of considering the incident angles of the projection light and the illumination light on the dichroic mirror 7903 can be directly applied to the other reflection type projection display device of the present invention. This can be similarly applied even if the dichroic mirror is replaced with a dichroic prism.

FIG. 91 shows a dichroic prism 910.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device that performs color separation and color synthesis by using 1. The dichroic prism 9101 has two light separation surfaces 7803a and 7803b. The light separation surface 7803 separates white light into three primary color lights of R, G and B. Each liquid crystal display panel 7201 has an optical coupling layer 7401.
It is attached to the dichroic prism 9101 via. That is, in the dichroic prism 9101, an optical coupling (O
C) and pasted. A light absorbing film 7402 is applied to an ineffective region of the prism 9101 (a region where light effective for image display does not pass).

In FIG. 91, the liquid crystal display device 22c is R
It is assumed that the light is modulated and the light separation surface 7803a reflects the R light. Incident light is reflected by the light separation surface 7803a and enters the light modulation layer 108a of the liquid crystal display panel 7201a. The light incident on the light modulation layer 108a is scattered according to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 107. The light that has not been scattered is again reflected by the light separation surface 7803a and becomes emitted light. Most of the scattered light is incident on and absorbed by the light absorption film 7402 formed in the ineffective region of the prism 9101.
As described above, most of the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 is emitted from the light entrance / exit surface 9201 by the light absorption film 7402, becomes emitted light, and is not projected by the projection lens 7806. The liquid crystal display panel 7201c,
Since the operation of 7201b is similar to that of the liquid crystal display panel 7201a, the description thereof is omitted.

A liquid crystal display panel 720 is provided on the prism 9101.
1 is optically coupled and the prism 910
The structure in which the light absorption film 7402 is formed or arranged in the ineffective region 1 can be applied to the structure in FIG.

In FIG. 93, the liquid crystal display panels 7201a and 7201b are optically coupled to the prism 7101a, and the liquid crystal display panel 7201c is optically coupled to the triangular prism 9101c. Since the dichroic mirror 7903 is flat, it is difficult to position it on the housing. 3 on the screen with a little peeling of the dichroic mirror 7903
An optical image position shift of one light valve 7201 occurs. In addition, changes over time (such as warpage) are likely to occur, and positional shifts in image formation of the three liquid crystal display panels 7201 are likely to occur.
The configuration of FIG. 93 is stable against changes over time and facilitates adjustment of the image forming position. Note that the effect of absorbing the light scattered by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 by the light absorption film 7402 and eliminating the returning light to the liquid crystal layer 108 to prevent the generation of secondary scattered light is the same as in FIG. Omit it. Needless to say, if the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the prism 9101 are integrally formed (as an optical component), the liquid crystal display panel 7201 position adjusting mechanism is not necessary and the adjustment process can be greatly shortened.

The illumination system shown in FIG. 93 and FIG. 94, which will be described below, is constructed by using a relay lens 8101, and the concave mirror 7801b adopts an elliptic mirror. By doing so, the F value of the illumination light can be increased,
The display contrast can be improved.

FIG. 94 shows a structure in which three liquid crystal display panels 7201 are attached to an L-shaped prism 911. Figure 9
Compared with the configuration of 4, the number of prisms is one, the adjustment of the image formation is easy, and the position adjustment of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is completely unnecessary. Note that since the formation region of the light absorption film 7402 can be widened, the generation of secondary scattered light is small and an extremely good display contrast can be realized.

Next, a method for increasing the display contrast while maintaining high-luminance display in the projection type display device will be described. FIG. 95 shows a first embodiment for realizing the above method. The projection lens 7806 includes a front lens group 9501a and a rear lens group 9501b. Output section converging lens 9507 and rear group lens 9501
b functions so that the diaphragm 9506 and the diaphragm 9508 have a conjugate relationship with each other.

The input section converging lens array 9504 is constructed by arranging a plurality of input section converging lenses 9509 in a two-dimensional array. An example of the configuration is shown in FIG. Ten input-portion converging lenses 9509 having rectangular openings are arranged so as to be inscribed in the area of a perfect circle. The ten input-portion converging lenses 9509 are plano-convex lenses having the same aperture shape, and the ratio of the long side to the short side of the rectangular aperture is 4: 3. In addition, the liquid crystal display panel is a high-definition television (HDT
V), 16: 9 in the case of a wide screen such as a wide television (WDTV).

Similarly, the central converging lens array 9505 is used.
Is composed of a plurality of central converging lenses 9510 arranged two-dimensionally. A central converging lens 9510 having the same number and the same aperture as the input converging lens 9509 is arranged in the same manner as the input converging lens array 9504.

The procedure of illumination in the projection type display device will be described. Metal halide lamp 7801a luminous body 950
The light emitted from No. 2 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 7801b, travels approximately parallel to the optical axis 8702, and enters the input-portion converging lens array 9504. Parabolic mirror 7801b
Since the cross-sectional shape of the light emitted from is generally a perfect circle, the input-portion converging lens array 9504 is configured so that the total sum of the apertures of the input-portion converging lens 9509 is inscribed therein. The light that has passed through the input convergence lens array 9504 is split into the same number of partial light fluxes as the input convergence lens 69509, and each partial light flux illuminates the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201.

The lights that have passed through the input-portion converging lens 9509 are guided to and converged at the corresponding apertures of the central-portion converging lens 9510. A secondary light emitter, for example 9511A, 951 is provided on each opening of the central converging lens 9510.
1B is formed. An example of a plurality of secondary light emitters 9511 formed on the central converging lens array 9505 is shown in FIG.
7 schematically shows. The central converging lens 9510 effectively transmits the corresponding light onto the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201. Specifically, an object on the principal plane of the corresponding input unit converging lens 9509, for example, 9512
A real image 9503 of A and 9512B is formed in the vicinity of the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201. However, each central-portion converging lens 9510 is appropriately decentered, and a plurality of images are superposed to form one real image 9503.

With the above structure, the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the openings of the input-portion converging lenses 9509 have a substantially conjugate relationship with each other. Therefore,
If the aperture of the input unit converging lens 9509 has a similar shape to the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201, the cross section of the illumination light and the shape of the display area can be matched to each other to suppress the light loss.

Generally, the light emitted from a concave mirror such as a parabolic mirror has a relatively large brightness unevenness. PD liquid crystal display panel 72 that directly transmits light with large uneven brightness
When 01 is illuminated, the uniformity of the brightness of the projected image deteriorates. Illumination using only a region with relatively uniform brightness results in an increase in the amount of light that cannot be used, resulting in a decrease in light utilization efficiency. On the other hand, the projection-type display device of the present invention has advantages that it is possible to obtain high light utilization efficiency and obtain a projection image with excellent brightness uniformity. The reason will be described below.

The input section converging lens array 9504 divides light having large unevenness of brightness into a plurality of partial light fluxes. The brightness unevenness of each partial light beam on the aperture of the input-portion converging lens 9509 is smaller than the brightness unevenness of the light beam cross section before division. Each of the central-portion converging lenses 9505 enlarges the partial luminous flux with less uneven brightness to an appropriate size and superimposes it on the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201. Therefore,
It is possible to realize illumination with good brightness uniformity.

Since the total sum of the apertures of the input-portion converging lens 9509 is inscribed in the cross section of the incident light beam, the optical loss in the input-portion converging lens array 9504 is small. Further, each of the apertures of the central converging lens 9510 is connected to the secondary light emitter 951
Since the size is sufficiently larger than 1, the light loss in the central converging lens array 9505 is small. Furthermore, PD
Since the cross section of the light incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is matched with the shape of the display region, the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201
There is little light loss in. Therefore, most of the light emitted from the light-emitting body 9502 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 7801b, and the input convergence lens array 9504, the central convergence lens array 9505, the output convergence lens 9507, P
The projection lens 78 passes through the D liquid crystal display panel 7201.
Reach 06. Therefore, if the light loss in the projection lens 7806 is suppressed, a high light utilization efficiency is realized, and a bright projected image with excellent brightness uniformity is obtained.

By the way, the central converging lens array 950
Since a plurality of secondary light emitters 9511 are discretely formed on 5, the effective F number of the illumination light in this case is calculated from the irradiation angle equivalently calculated from the total area of the secondary light emitters 9511. Need to be determined. On the other hand, PD liquid crystal display panel 7
The converging angle of the light emitted from 201 at the most angle with the optical axis 8702 is a value larger than this equivalent irradiation angle. Therefore, in order to suppress the light loss, the projection lens 7
It is necessary to make the effective F number of 806 smaller than the effective effective F number of the illumination light. This is problematic because it lowers the contrast of the projected image in the case of a PD liquid crystal display panel.

On the other hand, in the projection type display device of the present embodiment, the apertures 9506 and 9508 work to minimize the apertures on the illumination light side and the projection lens side without increasing light loss. Since the size can be made smaller, it is possible to suppress deterioration of contrast. Specifically, the aperture of the diaphragm 9506 on the illumination light side has a shape as shown in FIG. 98 in accordance with the effective area of the secondary light emitter 9511 formed discretely. The broken line corresponds to each aperture of the central converging lens 9510 in FIG. Also, the diaphragm 9508 on the projection lens side
Since a real image of the secondary light emitter 9511 is formed on the aperture of, the aperture shape of the diaphragm 9508 is the same as that of the diaphragm 9506. As a result, the light that has passed through the diaphragm 9506 passes through the diaphragm 9508, so that high light utilization efficiency can be realized. At the same time, the projection lens 7806 provides the minimum necessary aperture required by the illumination light, so that a display image with high contrast can be realized. As a result, a bright and high-quality projected image can be provided, and a very large effect can be obtained.

[0420] The input part converging lens array 9504 and the central part converging lens array 95 used in the projection type display device of the present invention.
05, the diaphragm 9506, and the diaphragm 9508 are more preferably configured as follows. FIG. 99 shows the configuration of the central converging lens array 9505 in this case. In general, the size of the secondary light emitter 9511 is larger as the input converging lens 9509 formed near the optical axis is formed. Therefore, the respective apertures of the central-portion converging lens 9510 do not necessarily have to be the same, and it is sufficient that they have a necessary and sufficient size for each of the secondary light emitters 9511. When a plurality of central converging lenses 9510 having different apertures are aggregated and arranged to form the central converging lens array 9505, there is an advantage that the total area of the apertures can be reduced. The input focusing lens array combined with the central focusing lens array 9505 is
The same construction as that shown in FIG. 98 is employed, with each of the input-portion converging lenses appropriately decentered, and the corresponding central-portion converging lens 9 is formed.
The secondary light emitter 9511 may be formed at the center of the opening of 510.

In this case, instead of the diaphragm 9506 on the illumination light side, a diaphragm 9508 having an aperture shape shown in FIG. 100 may be used. The same applies to the diaphragm 9508 on the projection lens side. This makes it possible to reduce the aperture diameter of the central converging lens array 9505 without causing light loss, and
There is an advantage that the lens diameter of the projection lens 7806 can be reduced.

The projection type display device of the present embodiment is more effective when the light valve 7201 is illuminated by discretely forming a plurality of secondary light emitters as described above. Even if the projection lens 7806 having a large maximum converging angle is used, it is possible to provide the necessary minimum aperture for the light emitted from the light valve 192 by providing the diaphragm having a plurality of apertures discretely. As a result, a bright and high-contrast projection image can be obtained.

The PD liquid crystal display panel 7 shown in FIG.
If you attach a mosaic color filter to 201,
It goes without saying that a single liquid crystal display device can display a color image.

FIG. 101 is a block diagram of a projection type display device which develops the projection type display device of FIG. 95 and performs full color display using three liquid crystal display panels 7201. In addition,
The following embodiments will be described mainly focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

The projection type display apparatus of FIG. 101 uses three PD liquid crystal display panels 7201 corresponding to the three primary colors. Parabolic mirror 7801b, input part converging lens array 95
04, the central part converging lens array 9505, and the output part converging lens 9507 are the same as those shown in FIG. 95, and the PD liquid crystal display panels 7201a, 7201b, 7201c are processed by the same procedure as described in FIG. Illuminate each display area of. However, dichroic mirror 79
03a, 7903b, and 7903b cause the illumination light to be separated into three primary color lights, and the corresponding PDs
It is guided onto the display area of the liquid crystal display panel 7201.

On the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201, an optical image corresponding to the three primary colors is formed on each display area in accordance with a video signal supplied from the outside. Projection lens 780
Reference numeral 6 is composed of a front lens group 9501a and a rear lens group 9501b, and magnifies and projects an optical image of three primary colors on a screen 7807.

The illumination light side diaphragm 9506 and the projection lens side diaphragm 9508 are the same as those shown in FIG.
Used for the same purpose. The output unit converging lens 950 is arranged so that the diaphragm 9508 and the diaphragm 9506 have a conjugate relationship with each other.
7 and the rear lens group 9501b are appropriately configured.

Similarly, in the case of the configuration of FIG. 86, the configuration as shown in FIG. 102 may be employed. Since the operation is almost the same as the above description, it will be omitted.

A transparent adhesive is used on the emission side of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 with the concave surface facing the emission side.
403b is combined, a black paint 7402 is applied to the side surface of the lens 7403b, and an antireflection film is deposited on the concave surface of the concave lens 7201. The concave lens 7403b is made of acrylic resin by molding. Since the same lens can be formed by using a mold for molding, mass productivity is good.

A positive lens 7701b is arranged close to the exit side of the concave lens 7403b. Positive lens 77
The radius of curvature of the convex surface of 01b is equal to the radius of curvature of the concave surface of the concave lens 7403b. A thin air gap is provided between the convex surfaces of both lenses. An antireflection film is vapor-deposited on both surfaces of the positive lens 7701b similarly to the concave lens 7403b. Further, the projection lens 7806 is configured to form an optical image on the liquid crystal layer 108 on the screen 7807 in a state where the concave lens 7403b and the positive lens 7701b are combined. To adjust the focus of the projected image, set the projection lens to the optical axis 8.
This is done by moving along 702.

The PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 is not so strongly dependent on the incident angle of the optical characteristics as the TN liquid crystal display panel.
When the incident angle of the incident light is too large, the liquid crystal layer 108
The scattering characteristic changes because the optical path length when passing through becomes longer. That is, if the incident angle of the light beam incident on the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 differs depending on the place, the image quality of the projected image becomes non-uniform. On the other hand, if an attempt is made to reduce the radius of curvature of the concave surface of the concave lens 7403b, the PD liquid crystal display panel 7
It is necessary to make convergent light with a large converging angle incident on 201 or to increase the effective diameter of the projection lens 7806.
In the former case, the image quality of the projected image is not uniform because the image quality is not uniform depending on the location on the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201.
The latter has a problem that the projection lens 7806 becomes large and the cost becomes high. When the scattering angle of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 greatly depends on the incident angle, FIG. 101 and FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the concave lens 7403b and the positive lens 7
By combining 701b, it is possible to make light close to parallel enter the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 without increasing the size of the projection lens 7806, and thus it is easy to ensure the image quality uniformity of the projected image.

Although FIGS. 101 and 102 show the configuration in which the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 7201 is used as a light valve, the technical idea of improving the display contrast by using the diaphragm 9506 in FIG. 95 is of a reflective type. It can also be applied to a projection type display device. An example thereof is shown in FIG.

In the reflective projection display device, the projection lens 7
A diaphragm 9508 is arranged at the upper position of 806. This is because the lower position is the path of incident light. For the description of other configurations, see FIG.
5 and FIG. 101, etc., the description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 104 shows a structure in which a prism 10001 is used in the color separation / color combining optical system. The configuration of the prism shown in FIG. 104 is adopted in the CCD section of a commercial-use video camera, so that it will not be necessary to explain it. The liquid crystal display panel 7 is provided on the three prisms 10001 shown in FIG.
This is a configuration in which 201 is optically coupled. The liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the prism 10001 are optically coupled by the optical coupling layer 7401, and the prism 1001
A light absorption film 7402 is formed or arranged on the ineffective surface of 01. The light absorption film 7401 is similar to the one described above, and therefore its explanation is omitted.

The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention can be used not only as a light valve of a projection type display device but also as a display device (called a viewfinder) used for a video camera, for example. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is adopted as a light valve of a viewfinder will be described.

FIG. 105 is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention and is a sectional view of FIGS. 106 and 105. Inside the body 10507, a condenser lens 10503 and a liquid crystal display panel 7201 are arranged. An eyepiece lens 10506 is arranged inside the eyepiece ring 10505. Reference numeral 10501 denotes a fluorescent light emitting tube, and the light emitted by the fluorescent light emitting tube 10501 is emitted from a hole 10510 in the central portion of the light shielding plate 10502. Body 1050
7. The inner surface of the eyepiece ring 10505 and the like is painted black or dark in order to absorb unnecessary light. The fluorescent light emitting tube 10501 may use a light emitting diode (LED), a fluorescent light emitting element (VFD), or the like. Alternatively, a surface generation source or the like can be used. Liquid crystal display panel 7201
A polarizing plate 7902 may be arranged on the entrance / exit surface of.

As an example, the diagonal length of the display area of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is about 18 mm, and the condenser lens 105
03 has an effective diameter of 20 mm and a focal length of 15 mm. The condenser lens 10503 is a plano-convex lens, and the plane thereof faces the light emitting element 10501 side. The condenser lens 10503 and the eyepiece lens 10506 may be replaced with a Fresnel lens. If a Fresnel lens is used, the viewfinder volume can be reduced and the weight can be reduced.

The light emitted from the light emitting element 10501 in a wide solid angle is nearly parallel by the condenser lens 10503,
The light is converted into light having a narrow directivity and enters from the counter electrode (not shown) side of the liquid crystal display panel 7201. The observer brings his or her eyes into close contact with the eyepiece cover 10508 to display the liquid crystal display panel 72.
You will see the display image of 01. That is, the position of the observer's pupil is almost fixed. Liquid crystal display panel 7201
Assuming that all the pixels of the light travel straight through, the condenser lens 10503 is emitted from the light emitting element 10501, and the light incident on the effective area of the condenser lens 10503 is transmitted through the eyepiece lens 10506 and then all of the eyes of the observer are observed. It is designed to be incident on. In this way, the viewer can magnify and see a small display image on the liquid crystal display panel 7201. In other words, you can see the enlarged virtual image.

Since the position of the observer's pupil in the viewfinder is substantially fixed by the eyepiece cover 10508, the light source arranged behind it may have a narrow directivity. In a conventional viewfinder that uses a light box that uses a fluorescent tube as a light source, only light that travels within a small solid angle in a certain direction from a region that is substantially the same size as the display region of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is used, and Light traveling in the direction is not used. In other words, the light utilization efficiency is extremely poor.

In the present invention, a light source having a small luminous body is used,
The light emitted from the light-emitting body in a wide solid angle is converted into nearly parallel light by the condenser lens 10503. In this way, the light emitted from the condenser lens 10503 has a narrow directivity. If the observer's viewpoint is fixed, the above-mentioned narrow directional light is sufficient for the viewfinder. If the size of the luminous body is small, naturally, the power consumption is also small. As described above, the viewfinder of the present invention utilizes that the observer views the displayed image with the viewpoint fixed. Normal direct-view LCD panels require a certain viewing angle,
The viewfinder is sufficient as an application if the displayed image can be observed well from a predetermined direction. Both the viewfinder and the video camera of the present invention have a mounting bracket 10509.
It is fixed to the video camera.

A color filter (not shown) is attached to the liquid crystal display panel 7201. The pixel arrangement is a so-called square arrangement. A delta arrangement may be used. The color filter transmits any one of R, G, and B colors.
The film thickness of each color may be controlled by the composition of the color filter. The film thickness of the color filter is adjusted and formed when the color filter is manufactured. That is, the thickness of the color filter is changed by R, G, and B. The film thickness 108 of the liquid crystal on each pixel can be adjusted according to the color of each color filter by the film thickness of the color filter. For the R pixel, the thickness 108 of the liquid crystal layer is increased. PD liquid crystal display panel 720
The reason is that in No. 1, the scattering characteristic of R light is poor.

Body 1050 of eyepiece ring 710505
By adjusting the insertion degree into 7, the focus can be adjusted according to the eyesight of the observer. Since the position of the observer's eyes is fixed by the eyepiece cover 10508, the viewpoint position rarely shifts during use of the viewfinder. If the viewpoint is fixed, the observer can see a good image even if the directivity of light to the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is narrow. In order to make the image look better, the emission direction of light from the light emitting element 10501 may be moved to an optimum direction.

FIG. 107 is a sectional view of a fluorescent light emitting tube as one embodiment of the light emitting element 10501 used in the viewfinder of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 107, the fluorescent arc tube has a miniature bulb shape in appearance. 10701
Is a case made of glass and has a diameter of 5 mm to 20 m.
m. 10703 is a filament. DC 4V
By applying a voltage of about 8 V, the filament 1
0703 is heated. 10704 is an anode,
The applied voltage is about 15 to 25 VDC. The anode voltage accelerates the electrons emitted by heating the filament 10703. Mercury molecules (not shown) are enclosed in the case 10701, and the accelerated electrons emit ultraviolet rays by colliding with the mercury molecules. This ultraviolet ray excites the phosphor 10702 to generate visible light. As such a light emitting element, there is a fluorescent light emitting tube (Lunalite 05 series) manufactured by Mini Pyro Electric Co., Ltd. Alternatively, there is a Tohoku Electronics Co., Ltd. product with a diameter of 2.4 mm.

The amount of radiated light can be adjusted by performing pulse driving. The pulse period is 30 hertz or more, preferably 60 hertz or more. By making the voltage applied to the anode a pulse signal, the amount of emitted light can be varied in proportion to the pulse width.

As shown in FIG. 107B, if a light shielding film 10705 is formed on the case 10701 to reduce the emission area of the light emitted from the light emitting element, the light shielding plate 10510 as shown in FIG. 106 is necessary. No longer.

As described above, in the viewfinder of the present invention, the light emitted from the small light emitting element of the light emitting element 10501 in a wide solid angle is efficiently condensed by the condenser lens 10503. The power consumption of the light source can be significantly reduced as compared with the case of using the backlight of the light source.

FIG. 105 is a block diagram of a viewfinder used for a video camera or the like, but this technical idea can be applied to a video monitor having a large display screen. Figure 10
8 is a sectional view of the video monitor.

A Fresnel lens is used as the condenser lens 10801, and a transparent member 7403 is attached to the emission surface of the liquid crystal display panel 7201. The light emitted from the light emitting lamp 10501 is reflected by the mirror 7805 and enters the Fresnel lens 10801. The incident light is made into substantially parallel light by the Fresnel lens and enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201.

As shown in FIG. 108, the optical path 8702 is bent so as to shorten the depth of the video monitor. Further, the Fresnel lens is used because the weight of the plano-convex lens is heavy and the weight is reduced.

In the present invention, a stripe-shaped electrode is formed on the liquid crystal layer 108 so that a large voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 108. In addition, the counter substrate 11
A configuration that does not use 0 can significantly reduce the weight. Further, by disposing or forming the pixel electrode 107 between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b, even if the liquid crystal layer is thick, it can be easily driven at a low voltage. Further, since the gradation display is performed by the two liquid crystal layers, high contrast display and high gradation display can be performed, and high quality display can be realized.

[0451]

As is clear from the above description, the present invention has an advantage that the display contrast can be increased.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial explanatory view (switching element) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of polymer dispersed liquid crystal.

FIG. 7 is a partial explanatory diagram (drive circuit) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a partial explanatory diagram (drive circuit) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partial explanatory view (striped electrodes) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of an electrode structure of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

21 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG. 20. FIG.

22 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG. 20. FIG.

23 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG. 20. FIG.

FIG. 24 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG. 20.

FIG. 25 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of a structure of a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram of a video monitor of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit for a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a plan view of an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 61 is an illustrative diagram of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel in the other embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a plan view of an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is a plan view of an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 70 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 71 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 73 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 74 is a configuration diagram and a characteristic explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 75 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 76 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 77 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 78 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 79 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 80 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

82 is an explanatory diagram of optical components of the projection type display device of FIG. 81. FIG.

FIG. 83 is a configuration diagram of a rear projection type display device.

FIG. 84 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

85 is a configuration diagram when the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 84 is used as a light valve of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 86 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 87 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

88 is a perspective view of the projection type display device of FIG. 87. FIG.

FIG. 89 is an explanatory diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 90 is an explanatory diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 91 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 92 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 93 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 94 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 95 is an explanatory diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 96 is an explanatory diagram of optical components of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 97 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 98 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 99 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 100 is an explanatory diagram of optical components of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 101 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 102 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 103 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 104 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 105 is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 106 is a cross-sectional view of the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 107 is a cross-sectional view of a light emitting lamp used in the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 108 is a configuration diagram of a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 109 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 110 is an illustrative diagram of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel in the other embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 111 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 112 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 113 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 114 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 115 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 116 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 117 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 118 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 119 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 120 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 121 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 122 is an explanatory diagram showing a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 123 is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 124 is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

101 array substrate 102 stripe-shaped electrode 103 protective film (protective layer) 104 opposed drive circuit 105 wiring (connection line) 106 switching element (TFT etc.) 107 pixel electrode 108 light modulation layer (liquid crystal layer) 109, 901 light-shielding film (resin black) Matrix (BM) 110 Counter substrate 201 Gate signal line 202 Source signal line 301 Source drive circuit (source drive IC) 302 Gate drive circuit (gate drive IC) 303 Additional capacitor (storage capacity) 304 Common electrode 401 Display area (image display) Region 501 Insulation layer 502 Drain electrode 503 Source electrode 504 Gate electrode 505 Semiconductor layer 506 Light-shielding film (BM) 601 Display panel 602 Polymer (resin component) 603 Water-drop liquid crystal (liquid crystal component) 701 Sealing resin (sealant) 702 Projection electrode (bump) 703 Conductive bonding layer (conductive adhesive) 703 Protective resin 705 Terminal electrode 1001 Amplifier 1002 Phase division circuit 1003 Output switching circuit 1004 Drive IC (drive circuit) control circuit 1101 Application signal to stripe electrode Waveform 1102 Applied signal waveform to source signal line 1103 Applied signal waveform to gate signal line 1301 Soft register (SR) 1302 NAND (Nand circuit) 1303 INV (Inverter circuit) 1304 Analog switch 1501 Insulating film (protective layer) 1601 Low dielectric constant Body film 1602 Protective sheet (protective film, protective substrate) 1801 Counter electrode 2001 Electrode 2002 Dielectric thin film 2801 Release plate (sheet, release sheet) 2802 Beads or fibers 2803 Mixed solution (liquid crystal component + uncured resin) Component) 2901 A / D circuit 2902 Frame memory (field memory) 2903 1H period arithmetic circuit 2904 D / A circuit 2905 Video signal processing circuit 3101 Triangular prism (sheet) 3201 Interface 3202 Eye 3301 Intermediate substrate (electrode substrate) 3601 Striped electrode 4201 Adhesive resin 4901 Alignment film 5101 Microlens array 5102 Microlens 5401 Holder 5402 Rotation axis 5601 Synchronization signal separation circuit 5602 Switching circuit 5603 Polarity inversion circuit 5701 Common electrode 5702 Connection part (connection terminal) 7201 Display panel 7202, 7902 Polarizing plate 7203 Prism Plate (Prism Sheet) 7204 Diffuser (Diffusion Sheet) 7205 Fluorescent Tube 7206 Reflector (Reflective Sheet) 7401 Optical Coupling Layer (Optical Coupling Agent) 7402 Absorption film 7403 Transparent member (transparent substrate, lens) 7404 Scattered light 7405 Reflected light 7406 Interface 7801a Discharge lamp 7801b Concave mirror 7801c UVIR cut filter (UVIR cut mirror) 7802 Polarized beam splitter (PBS) 7803 Light separation surface 7804 Relay lens 7805 Mirror 7806 Projection lens 7807 Screen 7901 Phase plate (λ / 2 plate) 7903 Dichroic mirror (Color filter (D
M)) 8001a R filter 8001b B filter 8002 Reflection prism 8101, 8102 Lens 8103 Aperture 8201 Field lens 8301 Optical system block 8302 Cabinet 8701a Incident ray 8701b Exit ray 8702 Optical axis 9101 Dichroic prism 9201 Light entrance / exit surface 9501a Rear group lens 9501b Group lens 9502 Luminous body 9503 Real image 9504 Input convergence lens array 9505 Central convergence lens array 9506, 9508 Aperture 9507 Output convergence lens 9509 Input convergence lens 9510 Central convergence lens 9511 Secondary illuminator 10501 Light emitting lamp 10502 Aperture 10503 Optical lens 10505 Eyepiece ring 10506 Eyepiece lens 10507 Body 10508 Eyepiece rubber 1 509 Mounting bracket 10510 Hole (aperture) 10701 Case 10702 Phosphor 10703 Filament 10704 Anode 10705 Light-shielding film 10801 Fresnel lens 10901 Light irradiation means 10902 Rolling roller 10903 Supplying roller 10904 Winding roller 11101 Aperture (mask) 11102 Opening 10401 Resin (resin component) ) 11402 Liquid crystal (liquid crystal component) 11501, 11502, 11602 Laser light 11601 Laser head (laser emission port) 11701 Light guide plate 11702 Reflective film (reflective part) 11703 Adhesive layer (adhesive) 11704 Opening part 12401 Reflector

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI H01L 29/786 H01L 29/78 612B (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/1347 G02F 1 / 13 505 G02F 1/1334 G02F 1/1343

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first substrate having a matrix-shaped pixel electrode and a first common electrode formed thereon, a second substrate having a second common electrode formed thereon, the pixel electrode and the first common electrode. 1st sandwiched between 1 common electrodes
A liquid crystal layer, and a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the second common electrode.
And a gate drive circuit, wherein the gate drive circuit is formed by a polysilicon technique. 2. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes are formed in a matrix, a common electrode, a second substrate on which substantially striped electrodes are formed, and a substrate sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. A first liquid crystal layer, a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the substantially striped electrode, and a gate drive circuit, wherein the gate drive circuit is formed by a polysilicon technique. An image display panel characterized by being. 3. The image display panel according to claim 1 or 2, and a light guide plate in which the opening of the light emitting portion is narrower than the opening of the light incident portion, each light emitting portion of the light guiding plate. Is arranged so as to correspond to the one pixel. 4. A prism array having a plurality of substantially stripe-shaped and substantially isosceles triangular prisms formed thereon, and an image display panel, wherein the image display panel has pixel electrodes formed in a matrix. A first substrate, a second substrate having a stripe-shaped electrode formed thereon, a first liquid crystal layer, and a second liquid crystal layer, and the first liquid crystal layer is provided by a signal applied to the pixel electrode. There is modulated, wherein the second liquid crystal layer by a signal applied to the stripe electrodes is modulated, stripe-shaped electrodes of the image display panel is arranged so as to correspond to the pixel columns of the image display panel, wherein In the first liquid crystal layer, the pixel electrodes are arranged in the matrix shape.
It is arranged between the formed first substrate and the second liquid crystal layer.
Is, the second liquid crystal layer, the said first liquid crystal layer stripe
An image display device, characterized in that it is arranged between the second substrates on which the p-shaped electrodes are formed, and adjacent pixel columns are arranged so as to correspond to the one prism. 5. A light generating means, according to claim 1 or to modulate the light emitted from said light generating means
A projection-type display device comprising: the image display panel according to claim 2 ; and a projection lens that projects a display image on the image display panel. 6. A light generating means, the image display panel according to claim 1, or a light collecting means for collecting the light emitted by the light generating means to illuminate the image display panel. And a magnifying lens for magnifying a display image of the image display panel so that an observer can see the image. 7. The image display panel according to claim 1, a light generation unit for generating light for irradiating the image display panel, and the image display panel. Of a projection image for enlarging and projecting a display image of the lamp, and assuming that the diagonal length of the effective display area of the image display panel is d (inch) and the arc length a (mm) of the lamp, the arc width k of the lamp is = A / d is a projection type display device characterized by satisfying the following equation. 0.8 ≤ a / d ≤ 1.5 8. The first, second and third image display panels according to claim 1 or 2, and for generating light for irradiating the image display panel. A light generation means, a projection lens for enlarging and projecting a display image of the image display panel, a first and a second light combining surface, and a substantially L-shaped prism, and the first surface of the prism. The first image display panel is disposed on the second surface of the prism, the second image display panel is disposed on the second surface of the prism, the third image display panel is disposed on the third surface of the prism, The first light having passed through the first image display panel and the second light having passed through the second image display panel are the first light.
The third light that has been combined with the light in the first optical path on the second light combining surface and the light on the first optical path that has been combined into the second optical path on the second light combining surface. The projection type display device is characterized in that a light absorbing portion is formed or arranged in a region of the prism which is not combined with the light effective for image display.