JP3404231B2 - Melting furnace control device - Google Patents
Melting furnace control deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP3404231B2 JP3404231B2 JP28947196A JP28947196A JP3404231B2 JP 3404231 B2 JP3404231 B2 JP 3404231B2 JP 28947196 A JP28947196 A JP 28947196A JP 28947196 A JP28947196 A JP 28947196A JP 3404231 B2 JP3404231 B2 JP 3404231B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- melting furnace
- control device
- deviation
- process data
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は，溶融炉制御装置に
係り，詳しくは溶融スラグの流れ状態の現在値とその目
標値との偏差に基づいて操作量を求めるコントローラを
用いて炉内状況の変動を制御する溶融炉制御装置に関す
るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a melting furnace control device, and more specifically, to a controller for determining a manipulated variable based on a deviation between a current value of a molten slag flow state and a target value thereof to control a situation in a furnace. The present invention relates to a melting furnace control device that controls fluctuations.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来，溶融炉の燃焼制御を行うにあたっ
ては，スラグ溶融状態の画像から物理的特徴量を抽出
し，目標画像の物理的特徴量と比較することにより現在
の炉況を判断して，それに応じて制御のための操作量を
決定していた。例えば，図１１に示す装置Ａ01のよう
に，溶融炉３０から出力される溶融流体の溶融状態を溶
融出力撮像部３１により二次元的に撮像し，撮像画像を
画像処理部３２により画像処理して溶融流体の画像に関
する物理的特徴量を抽出し，この物理的特徴量を，画像
偏差演算部３３により予め設定された目標画像３４の物
理的特徴量と比較して偏差を求め，この偏差に基づいて
制御量演算部３５により溶融炉３０の制御量を演算し，
制御部３６によって溶融炉３０の燃焼制御を行ってい
た。また，溶融炉の燃焼状態や溶融炉からの溶融出力の
状態を検出し，溶融炉の燃焼制御を行う制御器にフィー
ドバックすることによって制御するフィードバック制御
がなされるものもあった。例えば，図１２に示す装置Ａ
02のように，溶融炉４０内あるいは溶融炉４０からの溶
融出力の状態量を複数の検出器４１〜４４で検出して制
御器４５，４６にフィードバックし，予め設定された目
標値と比較して，操作量を決定し，この操作量に基づい
て溶融炉４０を制御していた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in controlling combustion in a melting furnace, a physical feature quantity is extracted from an image of a molten state of slag and compared with a physical feature quantity of a target image to judge a current furnace condition. Therefore, the manipulated variable for control was decided accordingly. For example, like the apparatus A 01 shown in FIG. 11, the melting state of the molten fluid output from the melting furnace 30 is two-dimensionally imaged by the melting output imaging unit 31, and the captured image is processed by the image processing unit 32. A physical characteristic amount relating to the image of the molten fluid is extracted, and the physical characteristic amount is compared with the physical characteristic amount of the target image 34 preset by the image deviation calculation unit 33 to obtain the deviation. Based on the control amount calculation unit 35, the control amount of the melting furnace 30 is calculated,
The control unit 36 controls the combustion of the melting furnace 30. In some cases, feedback control is performed in which the combustion state of the melting furnace and the state of the melting output from the melting furnace are detected and fed back to a controller that controls combustion of the melting furnace. For example, the device A shown in FIG.
As in 02 , the state quantity of the melting output in the melting furnace 40 or from the melting furnace 40 is detected by the plurality of detectors 41 to 44 and fed back to the controllers 45 and 46, and is compared with a preset target value. Then, the operation amount was determined, and the melting furnace 40 was controlled based on this operation amount.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら，以上の
ような従来の溶融炉制御装置には次のような問題点があ
った。上記従来装置Ａ01のようにスラグ溶融状態の画像
から物理的特徴量を抽出する装置では，目標画像に近づ
けることを目標とした制御を行っているが，炉壁の状態
を考慮していないため，最悪の場合には，炉壁付着量の
減少により炉壁の損傷を引き起こすおそれがあった。一
方，上記従来装置Ａ02で用いられるプロセスデータは，
部分的な温度等の測定点に関する拡がりのない一次元的
な物理量であるため，溶融物の形状の炉壁面の温度分布
等のように二次元的な情報が要求される場合には，上記
従来装置Ａ01と比較して制御性能が著しく劣化するとい
う問題点があった。また，上記両装置共，炉壁付着量を
考慮していないため，炉壁付着量の突発的な変化等によ
って制御が不安定になるという問題点もあった。但し，
上記従来装置Ａ02で用いられているプロセスデータ，例
えば炉壁温度等に関しては，その変化が炉壁付着量の変
化と密接な関係があるため，これらのプロセスデータの
変化量を制御に加味することで炉壁付着量を考慮した制
御が可能となる。本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたも
のであり，その目的とするところは，二次元的な情報に
よる溶融炉の制御にプロセスデータの変化を加味するこ
とにより炉壁の状態を考慮に入れた制御を行い，炉壁の
損傷防止と安定した制御を可能とする溶融炉制御装置を
提供することである。However, the above-described conventional melting furnace control device has the following problems. An apparatus for extracting a physical feature amount from an image in a molten state of slag like the conventional apparatus A 01 performs control aiming to bring it closer to the target image, but does not consider the state of the furnace wall. However, in the worst case, there was a risk that damage to the furnace wall would occur due to a decrease in the amount of adhesion to the furnace wall. On the other hand, the process data used in the conventional device A 02 is
Since it is a one-dimensional physical quantity that does not spread about the measurement points such as partial temperature, when the two-dimensional information such as the temperature distribution on the furnace wall surface of the shape of the melt is required, the above-mentioned conventional method is used. There is a problem that the control performance is remarkably deteriorated as compared with the device A 01 . Further, since neither of the above devices considers the amount of deposit on the furnace wall, there is a problem that the control becomes unstable due to a sudden change in the amount of deposit on the furnace wall. However,
Regarding the process data used in the above-mentioned conventional apparatus A 02 , for example, the temperature of the furnace wall, etc., the change has a close relationship with the change in the amount of adhesion on the furnace wall, so the amount of change in these process data is taken into consideration in the control. This makes it possible to control the amount of adhesion on the furnace wall. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to take the state of a furnace wall into consideration by adding a change in process data to control of a melting furnace based on two-dimensional information. It is an object of the present invention to provide a melting furnace control device capable of performing control, preventing damage to the furnace wall, and enabling stable control.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に，本発明は，溶融スラグの流れ状態の現在値とその目
標値との偏差に基づいて操作量を求めるコントローラを
用いて炉内状況の変動を制御する溶融炉制御装置におい
て，上記コントローラが，上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロセ
スデータの時間変化量と上記操作量との関係を予め記憶
しておく記憶手段を具備し，上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロ
セスデータの時間変化量の現在値と，上記記憶手段に記
憶された上記関係とに基づいて上記操作量を求めること
を特徴とする溶融炉制御装置として構成されている。上
記コントローラの制御方法には，例えば最小自乗法，最
適制御，ファジィ制御，ＰＩ制御によるものなどが考え
られる。また，上記プロセスデータとしては，炉壁温度
を用いるのが最も望ましいが，出口排ガス温度等を用い
ることも可能である。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses a controller for determining a manipulated variable based on a deviation between a current value of a flow state of molten slag and its target value, and a reactor internal condition. In the melting furnace control device for controlling the fluctuations in the temperature, the controller includes a storage unit that stores in advance the relationship between the deviation and the time variation of the process data of the melting furnace and the manipulated variable. It is configured as a melting furnace control device characterized in that the manipulated variable is obtained based on the present value of the time change amount of the process data of the furnace and the relationship stored in the storage means. As a control method of the controller, for example, a method of least squares, optimal control, fuzzy control, PI control, etc. can be considered. As the process data, it is most preferable to use the furnace wall temperature, but it is also possible to use the outlet exhaust gas temperature and the like.
【０００５】[0005]
【作用】本発明によれば，溶融スラグの流れ状態を撮像
して画像処理することにより，溶融スラグの流れ状態の
物理的特徴量が二次元的に検出され，予め設定された溶
融スラグの流れ状態の物理的特徴量の目標値との偏差が
求められる。また，同時に溶融炉のプロセスデータの時
間変化量が求められる。そして，予め求められ記憶手段
に記憶された上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロセスデータの時
間変化量と溶融炉の操作量との関係と，上記偏差及び溶
融炉のプロセスデータの時間変化量の現在値とに基づい
て，例えば最小自乗法，最適制御，ファジィ制御，ＰＩ
制御等を用いて制御される。従って，二次元的な情報に
よる溶融炉の燃焼制御が可能となると同時に，プロセス
データの時間変化量を加味することにより炉壁付着量を
考慮した制御となり，炉壁の損傷防止と安定した制御を
行うことができる。According to the present invention, the flow characteristic of the molten slag is two-dimensionally detected by picking up the image of the flow state of the molten slag and performing image processing, and the preset flow of the molten slag is detected. The deviation of the physical characteristic amount of the state from the target value is obtained. At the same time, the time variation of the process data of the melting furnace is obtained. The relationship between the deviation and the temporal change amount of the process data of the melting furnace and the operation amount of the melting furnace, which are obtained in advance and stored in the storage means, and the current value of the deviation and the temporal change amount of the process data of the melting furnace, Based on, for example, least squares method, optimal control, fuzzy control, PI
It is controlled by using control or the like. Therefore, it becomes possible to control the combustion of the melting furnace based on two-dimensional information, and at the same time, it becomes a control that considers the adhered amount on the furnace wall by adding the time change amount of the process data, preventing damage to the furnace wall and stable control. It can be carried out.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】以下添付図面を参照して，本発明
の実施の形態及び実施例につき説明し，本発明の理解に
供する。尚，以下の実施の形態及び実施例は，本発明を
具体化した一例であって，本発明の技術的範囲を限定す
る性格のものではない。ここに，図１は本発明の実施の
形態に係る溶融炉制御装置Ａの概略構成を示すブロック
図，図２はスラグ画像の一例を示す説明図，図３は特微
量抽出手法に用いるプロジェクションデータの概念を示
すグラフ，図４はプロジェクションデータの突出部の構
造を示す図，図５はファジィ制御則の一例を示す説明
図，図６は上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ
１の求め方を示す説明図，図７は上記ファジィ制御則を
用いた場合の出力ｅｖ２の求め方を示す説明図，図８は
上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ３の求め方
を示す説明図，図９は上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合
の出力ｅｖ４の求め方を示す説明図，図１０は上記ファ
ジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ５の求め方を示す説
明図である。図１に示す如く，本実施の形態に係る溶融
炉制御装置Ａは，溶融炉１で溶融されて流出する溶融ス
ラグの流れ状態を撮像するＣＣＤカメラ等の溶融スラグ
撮像部２と，上記撮像画像を処理して上記溶融スラグの
流れ状態の評価値（以下，画像評価値という）を求める
画像評価部３と，予め設定された画像評価値の目標値と
上記画像評価部３で求められた現在の画像評価値との偏
差Ｖを演算する偏差演算部４と，溶融炉１の所定のプロ
セスデータの変化量Ｗを演算する変化量演算部５と，上
記偏差Ｖと上記変化量Ｗとに基づいて溶融炉１の操作量
ｕを求めるコントローラ６とを具備して構成されてい
る。また以下の説明では，上記プロセスデータの一例と
して炉壁温度を用いることとする。この炉壁温度は炉壁
付着量と最も密接に関係しているため，プロセスデータ
として用いるのには最も適しているが，出口排ガス温度
等他のプロセスデータを用いることも可能である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and examples are merely examples embodying the present invention and are not of the nature to limit the technical scope of the present invention. Here, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a melting furnace control device A according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a slag image, and FIG. 3 is projection data used in a special trace extraction method. 4 is a graph showing the structure of a projection part of projection data, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a fuzzy control law, and FIG. 6 is an output ev when the fuzzy control law is used.
1 is an explanatory diagram showing how to obtain the output ev2 when the fuzzy control law is used, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing how to obtain the output ev3 when the fuzzy control law is used. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing how to obtain the output ev4 when using the fuzzy control law, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing how to obtain the output ev5 when using the fuzzy control law. As shown in FIG. 1, the melting furnace control device A according to the present embodiment includes a melting slag imaging unit 2 such as a CCD camera for imaging the flow state of the molten slag that is melted and flows out in the melting furnace 1, and the above-mentioned captured image. Image evaluation unit 3 that processes the above-mentioned value to obtain an evaluation value of the flow state of the molten slag (hereinafter referred to as an image evaluation value), a preset target value of the image evaluation value, and the current value obtained by the image evaluation unit 3. Based on the deviation V and the change amount W, the deviation calculation unit 4 for calculating the deviation V from the image evaluation value of No. 1, the change amount calculation unit 5 for calculating the change amount W of the predetermined process data of the melting furnace 1, And a controller 6 for determining the manipulated variable u of the melting furnace 1. In the following description, the furnace wall temperature will be used as an example of the above process data. Since this furnace wall temperature is most closely related to the amount of deposits on the furnace wall, it is most suitable for use as process data, but it is also possible to use other process data such as outlet exhaust gas temperature.
【０００７】以下，本装置Ａの制御動作について説明す
る。溶融炉１から流出する溶融スラグの流れ状態は，溶
融スラグ撮像部２によって撮像される。ここで得られた
画像信号は画像評価部３に伝送され，該画像評価部３に
おいて特徴量（流量，流れの安定量，スラグ幅，スラグ
速度等）の抽出，及びそれらを用いた画像評価値の演算
が行われる。特徴量の抽出は，次のようにして行う。溶
融スラグ撮像部２により得られた画像（以下プロジェク
ションデータ）は図２に示すようなもので，まずそれぞ
れの画素値を画面水平方向へ射影し和を計算する。次
に，プロジェクションデータに多項式近似の手法を適用
して近似式を求め，その近似式とプロジェクションデー
タとの差を計算し，近似誤差データ（図３）とする。更
に，近似誤差データにおいて突出した部分をスラグとみ
なしてその部分を抽出し，突出部の面積（ＡＲ），高さ
（ＨＩ），位置（ＰＯ），幅（ＷＤ）などを計算する。
各要素の概念については，図４を参照されたい。次に，
この操作を連続した画像Ｎ枚に対して行い，ＡＲの平均
値（ＡＲ２），ＨＩの平均値（ＨＩ２），ＰＯの標準偏
差値の逆数（ＰＯ２），ＷＤの平均値（ＷＤ２）を計算
する。ＡＲ２はスラグ流量，ＨＩ２はスラグ速度，ＰＯ
２は流れ安定性，ＷＤ２はスラグ幅を近似しているとみ
なすことができ，これらの特徴量によりスラグの時間的
な変動も含めた物理的特微量が定量化できる。尚，ＰＯ
については，ＰＯの変動が小さいほど流れが安定してい
ると考えられるので，ＰＯの標準偏差の逆数を流れの安
定性の指標としている。上記特徴量を用いた画像評価値
Ｐの演算方法としては，例えば次のようなものが考えら
れる。
Ｐ＝Ｗ１＊（流量）＋Ｗ２＊（流れの安定量）＋Ｗ３＊
（スラグ幅）＋Ｗ４＊（スラグ速度）
以上のようにして，画像評価部３において現在の画像評
価値Ｐが求められる。The control operation of the apparatus A will be described below. The flow state of the molten slag flowing out of the melting furnace 1 is imaged by the molten slag imaging unit 2. The image signal obtained here is transmitted to the image evaluation unit 3, and the image evaluation unit 3 extracts the feature amount (flow rate, stable amount of flow, slug width, slug velocity, etc.) and the image evaluation value using them. Is calculated. The feature quantity is extracted as follows. The image (hereinafter projection data) obtained by the molten slag imaging unit 2 is as shown in FIG. 2. First, each pixel value is projected in the horizontal direction of the screen to calculate the sum. Next, a polynomial approximation method is applied to the projection data to obtain an approximation formula, and the difference between the approximation formula and the projection data is calculated to obtain approximation error data (Fig. 3). Further, the protruding portion in the approximation error data is regarded as a slug, and the protruding portion is extracted, and the area (AR), height (HI), position (PO), width (WD), etc. of the protruding portion are calculated.
Please refer to FIG. 4 for the concept of each element. next,
This operation is performed on N consecutive images, and the average value of AR (AR2), the average value of HI (HI2), the reciprocal of the standard deviation value of PO (PO2), and the average value of WD (WD2) are calculated. . AR2 is slag flow rate, HI2 is slag speed, PO
2 can be considered to be flow stability, and WD2 can be regarded as approximating the slag width, and the physical characteristics including the temporal fluctuation of the slag can be quantified by these characteristic quantities. In addition, PO
As for the above, the smaller the fluctuation of PO is, the more stable the flow is. Therefore, the reciprocal of the standard deviation of PO is used as the index of flow stability. As a method of calculating the image evaluation value P using the above feature amount, for example, the following method can be considered. P = W1 * (Flow rate) + W2 * (Stable flow rate) + W3 *
(Slug width) + W4 * (Slug speed) As described above, the image evaluation unit 3 obtains the current image evaluation value P.
【０００８】続いて，偏差演算部４において，画像評価
値の目標値Ｐ0 と上記現在の画像評価値Ｐとの偏差Ｖが
求められ，後述するコントローラ６に入力される。上記
目標値Ｐ0 は，予め実験等によって理想的な操業状態で
の評価値として求めておく。以上の処理と並行して，溶
融炉１の現在の炉壁温度（プロセスデータ）が変化量演
算部５に取り込まれる。上記変化量演算部５では，過去
一定時間における炉壁温度の平均値を常に計算してお
り，該平均値と上記現在の炉壁温度の差を演算し，これ
を炉壁温度の変化量Ｗとして後述するコントローラ６に
入力する。続いて，コントローラ６において，上記画像
評価値の偏差Ｖと上記炉壁温度の変化量Ｗとを用いて溶
融炉１の操作量ｕが求められる。このコントローラ６に
よる制御方法には様々なものが考えられるが，以下４つ
の例を挙げて簡単に説明する。Subsequently, the deviation calculator 4 obtains a deviation V between the target value P 0 of the image evaluation value and the current image evaluation value P and inputs it to the controller 6 which will be described later. The target value P 0 is obtained in advance as an evaluation value in an ideal operating state by experiments or the like. In parallel with the above processing, the current furnace wall temperature (process data) of the melting furnace 1 is taken into the change amount calculation unit 5. The change amount calculation unit 5 always calculates the average value of the furnace wall temperature in the past fixed time, calculates the difference between the average value and the current furnace wall temperature, and uses this as the change amount W of the furnace wall temperature. Is input to the controller 6 described later. Then, in the controller 6, the manipulated variable u of the melting furnace 1 is obtained using the deviation V of the image evaluation value and the variation W of the furnace wall temperature. Although various control methods can be considered by the controller 6, the following four examples will be briefly described.
【０００９】（１：重み付き最小自乗法）予め，実験等
により，操作量ｕから上記画像評価値の偏差Ｖ及び上記
炉壁温度変化量Ｗへの影響係数（偏差及び溶融炉のプロ
セスデータの時間変化量と上記操作量との関係にあた
る）を次のような形式で求めておく。
ｙ＝（Ｖ Ｗ）T ＝Ａｕ … （１）
ここで，Ａ＝（ａ1 ａ2 ）T ，ａ1 はｕからＶへの影
響係数，ａ2 はｕからＷへの影響係数，とする。評価関
数Ｊを，
Ｊ＝‖Ｙ−Ａｕ‖2 ＝‖（Ｖ Ｗ）T −Ａｕ‖2 … （２）
とし，最小自乗法を用いて上記評価関数Ｊを最小とする
ｕを決定する。
（２：最適制御）予め，実験等により，操作量ｕから上
記画像評価値の偏差Ｖ及び上記炉壁温度変化量Ｗへの伝
達関数Ｇ1 （ｓ），Ｇ2 （ｓ）（偏差及び溶融炉のプロ
セスデータの時間変化量と上記操作量との関係にあた
る）を次のような形式で求めておく。
Ｖ＝Ｇ1 （ｓ）・ｕ … （３）
Ｗ＝Ｇ2 （ｓ）・ｕ … （４）
上記（３），（４）式より，
ｙ＝（Ｖ Ｗ）T ＝（Ｇ1 （ｓ） Ｇ2 （ｓ））T ｕ
… （５）
上記（５）式の線形システムの状態方程式は次のように
なる。
ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝Ａｘ＋ｂｕ … （６）
ここで，Ａ，ｂは時間によらない一定行列である。操作
量ｕを，
ｕ＝ｆｘ … （７）
として上記（６）式に代入し，次式のように閉ループシ
ステムを構成する。
ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝（Ａ＋ｂｆ）ｘ … （８）
ここで，適当な評価関数を最小にするようにｆ＝ｆO を
決定し，上記（７）式より操作量ｕを求める。(1: Weighted least squares method) The coefficient of influence (deviation and process data of the melting furnace) on the deviation V of the image evaluation value from the manipulated variable u and the furnace wall temperature change W is previously determined by experiments or the like. The relationship between the amount of change over time and the operation amount is obtained) in the following format. y = (V W) T = Au (1) Here, A = (a 1 a 2 ) T , a 1 is an influence coefficient from u to V, and a 2 is an influence coefficient from u to W. . The evaluation function J is J = | Y-Au || 2 == (VW) T- Au | < 2 > (2), and u that minimizes the evaluation function J is determined by the least square method. (2: Optimal control) The transfer functions G 1 (s), G 2 (s) (deviation and melting) from the manipulated variable u to the deviation V of the image evaluation value and the furnace wall temperature change W are previously determined through experiments or the like. The relationship between the amount of change over time in the process data of the furnace and the above-mentioned manipulated variable is obtained in the following format. V = G 1 (s) · u (3) W = G 2 (s) · u (4) From the above equations (3) and (4), y = (V W) T = (G 1 (s ) G 2 (s)) T u ... (5) the state equation of a linear system of equation (5) is as follows. dx / dt = Ax + bu (6) Here, A and b are constant matrices that do not depend on time. The manipulated variable u is substituted into the above equation (6) as u = fx (7), and a closed loop system is constructed as in the following equation. dx / dt = (A + bf ) x ... (8) where the f = f O to determine the appropriate evaluation function so as to minimize seek operation amount u from equation (7).
【００１０】（３：ファジィ制御）上記画像評価値の偏
差Ｖ及び上記炉壁温度変化量Ｗに対して，予め実験やオ
ペレータのヒアリング等を通して図５に示すルール（フ
ァジィ制御則）（偏差及び溶融炉のプロセスデータの時
間変化量と上記操作量との関係にあたる）を作成してお
く。ここで，ＮＢはネガティブビッグ，ＮＳはネガティ
ブスモール，ＺＯはゼロ，ＰＳはポジティブスモール，
ＰＢはポジティブビッグをそれぞれ意味するファジィ集
合である。また，図中の数字は操作量ｕを表している。
また，これらのファジィ集合は予め実験やオペレータの
ノウハウによってメンバシップ関数として作成してお
く。例えば，図中，操作量ｕ＝−２の場合のルールは，
ｉｆ Ｖ＝ＮＢ＆Ｗ＝ＮＢ ｔｈｅｎ 出力ｅｖ＝−２
というように解釈する。上記ファジィ制御則から以下に
示すような手法（ファジィ推論）によって操作量ｕを決
定する。例えば図６は，
ｉｆ Ｖ＝ＮＢ＆Ｗ＝ＮＢ ｔｈｅｎ 出力ｅｖ＝−２
のルールに照らし合わせた場合の計算の方法を示してい
る。まず上記画像評価値の偏差Ｖ及び上記炉壁温度変化
量ＷのそれぞれのＮＢを表すメンバシップ関数における
グレード値を求め，小さい方のグレード値をそのルール
におけるグレード値ｇｒｖ１とし，出力ｅｖ１を次のよ
うに求める。
ｅｖ１＝ｇｒｖ１＊（−２）
同様にして，図５の全てのルールより出力ｅｖ１〜ｅｖ
５を求める（図６〜図１０参照）。そして最終出力ｅｖ
を次式によって求め，これを操作量ｕとする。
ｅｖ＝ｅｖ１＋ｅｖ２＋ｅｖ３＋ｅｖ４＋ｅｖ５ … （９）(3: Fuzzy control) A rule (fuzzy control law) shown in FIG. 5 (deviation and melting) for the deviation V of the image evaluation value and the furnace wall temperature change amount W through experiments and hearings of operators beforehand. The relationship between the amount of change over time in the process data of the furnace and the above-mentioned manipulated variable is created. Here, NB is negative big, NS is negative small, ZO is zero, PS is positive small,
PB is a fuzzy set that means positive big respectively. The numbers in the figure represent the manipulated variable u.
In addition, these fuzzy sets are created in advance as membership functions based on experiments and operator know-how. For example, in the figure, the rule when the manipulated variable u = -2 is interpreted as if V = NB & W = NB then output ev = -2. From the above fuzzy control law, the manipulated variable u is determined by the following method (fuzzy inference). For example, FIG. 6 shows a calculation method in the case of matching the rule of if V = NB & W = NB then output ev = -2. First, the grade value in the membership function representing each NB of the deviation V of the image evaluation value and the furnace wall temperature variation W is obtained, the smaller grade value is set as the grade value grv1 in the rule, and the output ev1 is calculated as follows. Ask. ev1 = grv1 * (-2) Similarly, outputs ev1 to ev from all rules in FIG.
5 is obtained (see FIGS. 6 to 10). And final output ev
Is calculated by the following equation, and this is set as the manipulated variable u. ev = ev1 + ev2 + ev3 + ev4 + ev5 (9)
【００１１】（４：ＰＩ制御）上記画像評価値の偏差Ｖ
及び上記炉壁温度変化量Ｗに対して，次式（偏差及び溶
融炉のプロセスデータの時間変化量と上記操作量との関
係にあたる）のようなＰＩ制御を行う。
ｕ＝Ｋｐ（１＋１／Ｔi ｓ）（ａＶ＋ｂＷ） … （１０）
但し，Ｋｐは比例ゲイン，Ｔi は積分時間，ａ，ｂは重
み係数（全て定数）である。以上説明したように，本実
施の形態に係る溶融炉制御装置では，溶融スラグの流れ
状態を二次元情報として検出してその評価値を求め，該
評価値とその目標値との偏差を求め，それと同時に炉壁
温度の変化量を検出し，上記評価値の偏差，及び上記炉
壁温度の変化量に基づいて燃焼制御を行う。従って，二
次元的な情報による溶融炉の燃焼制御が可能となると同
時に，炉壁温度の時間変化量を加味することにより炉壁
付着量を考慮した制御となり，炉壁の損傷防止と安定し
た制御を行うことができる。(4: PI control) Deviation V of the image evaluation value
Also, for the furnace wall temperature change amount W, PI control as in the following equation (which corresponds to the relationship between the deviation and the time change amount of the process data of the melting furnace and the operation amount) is performed. u = Kp (1 + 1 / T i s) (aV + bW) (10) where Kp is a proportional gain, T i is an integration time, and a and b are weighting factors (all constants). As described above, in the melting furnace control device according to the present embodiment, the flow state of the molten slag is detected as two-dimensional information to obtain its evaluation value, and the deviation between the evaluation value and its target value is obtained, At the same time, the amount of change in the furnace wall temperature is detected, and combustion control is performed based on the deviation of the evaluation value and the amount of change in the furnace wall temperature. Therefore, it becomes possible to control the combustion of the melting furnace based on two-dimensional information, and at the same time, control that takes into account the amount of adhesion to the furnace wall by taking into account the amount of time change of the temperature of the furnace wall, prevents damage to the furnace wall, and provides stable control. It can be performed.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】本発明に係る溶融炉制御装置は，溶融ス
ラグの流れ状態の現在値とその目標値との偏差に基づい
て操作量を求めるコントローラを用いて炉内状況の変動
を制御する溶融炉制御装置において，上記コントローラ
が，上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロセスデータの時間変化量
と上記操作量との関係を予め記憶しておく記憶手段を具
備し，上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロセスデータの時間変化
量の現在値と，上記記憶手段に記憶された上記関係とに
基づいて上記操作量を求めることを特徴とする溶融炉制
御装置として構成されているため，二次元的な情報によ
る溶融炉の制御にプロセスデータの変化を加味すること
により炉壁の状態を考慮に入れた制御が可能となり，炉
壁の損傷防止と安定した制御が実現できる。The melting furnace control apparatus according to the present invention controls the fluctuation of the situation inside the furnace by using the controller that determines the manipulated variable based on the deviation between the current value of the flow state of the molten slag and its target value. In the furnace control device, the controller includes a storage unit that stores in advance the relationship between the deviation and the time change amount of the process data of the melting furnace and the operation amount, and the deviation and the time of the process data of the melting furnace. The melting furnace control device is characterized in that the manipulated variable is obtained based on the current value of the amount of change and the relationship stored in the storage means. By adding changes in process data to the control, it is possible to take control into consideration of the condition of the furnace wall, and prevent damage to the furnace wall and achieve stable control.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】 本発明の実施の形態に係る溶融炉制御装置Ａ
の概略構成を示すブロック図。FIG. 1 is a melting furnace control device A according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a block diagram showing the schematic configuration of FIG.
【図２】 スラグ画像の一例を示す説明図。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a slug image.
【図３】 特微量抽出手法に用いるプロジェクションデ
ータの概念を示すグラフ。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the concept of projection data used in the extra small amount extraction method.
【図４】 プロジェクションデータの突出部の構造を示
す図。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a structure of a projection portion of projection data.
【図５】 ファジィ制御則の一例を示す説明図。FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a fuzzy control law.
【図６】 上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ
１の求め方を示す説明図。FIG. 6 is an output ev when the above fuzzy control law is used.
Explanatory drawing which shows how to obtain 1.
【図７】 上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ
２の求め方を示す説明図。FIG. 7 is an output ev when the above fuzzy control law is used.
Explanatory drawing which shows how to obtain 2.
【図８】 上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ
３の求め方を示す説明図。FIG. 8 is an output ev when the above fuzzy control law is used.
Explanatory drawing which shows how to obtain 3.
【図９】 上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅｖ
４の求め方を示す説明図。FIG. 9 is an output ev when the above fuzzy control law is used.
Explanatory drawing which shows how to obtain 4.
【図１０】 上記ファジィ制御則を用いた場合の出力ｅ
ｖ５の求め方を示す説明図。FIG. 10 is an output e when the above fuzzy control law is used
Explanatory drawing which shows how to obtain v5.
【図１１】 従来の溶融炉制御装置の一例Ａ01の概略構
成を示すブロック図。FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an example A 01 of a conventional melting furnace control device.
【図１２】 従来の溶融炉制御装置の他の例Ａ02の概略
構成を示すブロック図。FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of another example A 02 of the conventional melting furnace control device.
Ａ…溶融炉制御装置 １…溶融炉 ２…溶融スラグ撮像部 ３…画像評価部 ４…偏差演算部 ５…変化量演算部 ６…コントローラ A ... Melting furnace control device 1 ... Melting furnace 2 ... Molten slag imaging section 3 ... Image evaluation unit 4 ... Deviation calculator 5 ... Change amount calculation unit 6 ... Controller
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 北村 章 兵庫県神戸市西区高塚台１丁目５番５号 株式会社神戸製鋼所 神戸総合技術研 究所内 (72)発明者 岡崎 浩二 兵庫県神戸市中央区脇浜町１丁目３番18 号 株式会社神戸製鋼所 神戸本社内 (72)発明者 宮本 博司 兵庫県神戸市中央区脇浜町１丁目３番18 号 株式会社神戸製鋼所 神戸本社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平６−235584（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平９−264524（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F27B 3/28 F23N 5/08 F27D 21/00 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Akira Kitamura 1-5-5 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture Kobe Steel Works, Kobe Research Institute (72) Inventor Koji Okazaki Chuo, Kobe City Central 1-3-18 Wakihama-cho, Ward Ward Kobe Steel, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Hiroshi Miyamoto 1-3-18 Wakihama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture Kobe Steel Works, Kobe Headquarters (56) Reference References JP-A-6-235584 (JP, A) JP-A-9-264524 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) F27B 3/28 F23N 5/08 F27D 21 / 00
Claims (7)
標値との偏差に基づいて操作量を求めるコントローラを
用いて炉内状況の変動を制御する溶融炉制御装置におい
て，上記コントローラが，上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロセ
スデータの時間変化量と上記操作量との関係を予め記憶
しておく記憶手段を具備し，上記偏差及び溶融炉のプロ
セスデータの時間変化量の現在値と，上記記憶手段に記
憶された上記関係とに基づいて上記操作量を求めること
を特徴とする溶融炉制御装置。1. A melting furnace control device for controlling fluctuations in the inside of a furnace by using a controller for obtaining a manipulated variable based on a deviation between a current value of a molten slag flow state and a target value thereof, wherein the controller is the above-mentioned controller. A storage means is stored in advance for storing the relationship between the deviation and the time change amount of the process data of the melting furnace and the manipulated variable, and the present value of the deviation and the time change amount of the process data of the melting furnace and the storage means. 2. The melting furnace control device, wherein the manipulated variable is obtained based on the relationship stored in.
て操作量を求めるものである請求項１記載の溶融炉制御
装置。2. The melting furnace control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller obtains an operation amount by a least square method.
操作量を求めるものである請求項１記載の溶融炉制御装
置。3. The melting furnace control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller obtains an operation amount by optimal control.
って操作量を求めるものである請求項１記載の溶融炉制
御装置。4. The melting furnace control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller obtains the manipulated variable by fuzzy control.
操作量を求めるものである請求項１記載の溶融炉制御装
置。5. The melting furnace control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller obtains an operation amount by PI control.
いる請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の溶融炉制御装置。6. The melting furnace control device according to claim 1, wherein a furnace wall temperature is used as the process data.
度を用いる請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の溶融炉制御
装置。7. The melting furnace control device according to claim 1, wherein an outlet exhaust gas temperature is used as the process data.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28947196A JP3404231B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | Melting furnace control device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28947196A JP3404231B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | Melting furnace control device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10132462A JPH10132462A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
| JP3404231B2 true JP3404231B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 |
Family
ID=17743714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28947196A Expired - Fee Related JP3404231B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | Melting furnace control device |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3404231B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2781786B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-10-13 | Stein Heurtey | DEVICE FOR CONDUCTING GLASS MELTING AND / OR REFINING OVENS |
| CN100449243C (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2009-01-07 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Control method of vertical smelting furnace simulation monitoring system |
| KR100789944B1 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-02 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Temperature control device of refractory sintering device for shaft furnace |
| CN109541143B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-07-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A method for predicting the actual composition and physical properties of slag containing volatile components over time |
-
1996
- 1996-10-31 JP JP28947196A patent/JP3404231B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10132462A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
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