JP3409110B2 - Soil sampling equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil sampling device. In particular, it relates to a device for continuously and automatically sampling soil for soil measurement for agriculture.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to improve or homogenize soil, it is first necessary to measure the components contained in the soil and the characteristics of the soil (grain size, stickiness, etc.). To measure these, the soil must be sampled.

The conventional sampling method is a method in which a long cylindrical pipe is inserted into the ground, the pipe is pulled up from the ground while holding the soil in the pipe, and the soil cut into the pipe is taken out.

[0004]

However, in such a method, the sampling depth of the sampling varies depending on the depth of insertion of the pipe into the ground, and the collected soil is continuous and the desired depth is not obtained. When taking out the soil, it was difficult to know the soil cutting position, it was difficult to classify the depth of the sampled soil, and there was a risk that it would be arbitrary. Further, in the conventional method, it is difficult to take out a sample of soil from the ground by continuous flow work while self-propelled. For these reasons, the conventional method has a problem that it takes time to prepare a sample for measuring the soil components and characteristics of the soil on the farm, and the entire measurement process cannot be automated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional examples. The purpose of the present invention is to easily sample soil at a certain depth and to easily classify soil samples. To provide a soil sampling device capable of continuously sampling soil in a flow operation.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The soil sampling device according to claim 1 comprises a rotating blade for cutting into the ground, and a plurality of soil extractors provided at different distances from the center of the rotating blade. It has a feature.

In the soil sampling device of the present invention, when the rotary blade is rotated so as to be cut into the soil,
Soil can be collected from different depths by a plurality of soil collectors provided at different distances from the center. In particular, if the cutting depth of the rotary blade in the soil is made constant, the soil can be always taken from a constant depth. In addition, since soils with different depths are collected by different soil sampling devices, extraction and classification can be performed efficiently and easily, and automation can be performed.

A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the soil sampling apparatus according to the first aspect, a soil sample storage device for sorting and storing the soil sampled by the soil sampling device is provided.

According to this embodiment, when the soil is sampled while moving to the measurement point, the soil sampled by the soil sampler can be sorted according to the sampling point and the sampling depth and stored. Therefore, the soil measurement work and analysis can be efficiently performed later.

The third aspect of the present invention is the soil sampling apparatus according to the first or second aspect, further comprising traveling means capable of traveling on the ground surface.

In this embodiment, since the soil sampling device is capable of traveling on the surface of the earth, by traveling while rotating the rotating blade, continuous work can be performed at regular time intervals or constant distances. Soil sampling can be performed. The term "runnable" includes the case where the soil sampling device itself is runnable like a vehicle and the case where it is run by being pulled by another vehicle.

[0012]

1 is a side view showing a soil sampling apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the soil sampling apparatus 1 which is moved by being pulled by a tractor 2. Therefore, the soil sampling device 1 includes a coupler 4 for connecting the wheel 3 and the tractor 2 for movement.
Of course, the soil sampling apparatus 1 itself may be equipped with a power source such as an engine for moving and may be self-propelled like an automobile.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining the internal structure of the soil sampling device 1. The floor 5 is provided with an opening 6, and a rotary blade 7 is arranged so as to penetrate the opening 6. The rotary shaft 8 of the rotary blade 7 is
It is supported by a rotary blade drive motor 9 (a speed reducer is not shown) and a bearing 10 installed on the upper surface of the floor 5 (see FIG. 4). The rotary blade 7 is for cutting into the ground while rotating and sampling the soil, and the lower part of the rotary blade 7 projects largely below the lower surface of the wheel 3.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a soil sample storage device installed on the floor 5, which stores the sampled soil together with the sampling place information by classifying the sampled soils by sampling place and depth in the soil. Sampling location information is based on the mileage measured by an odometer and a positioning system using artificial hygiene (GPS; Grobal Positioning System)
And is recorded on a recording medium. The soil sample storage device may also have a soil analysis function.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of the rotary blade 7. A through hole 12 for press-fitting the rotary shaft 8 is opened in the center of the rotary blade 7, and a plurality of recesses 1 are formed from the center to the outer peripheral portion along the radial direction of the rotary blade 7.
3, 14 are arranged. A shovel-shaped soil sampler 15 is arranged in each recess 14, each soil sampler 15 is connected and integrated by a sampler shaft 16, and the sampler shaft 16 is rotatable by a partition wall 17 between the recesses 13 and 14. Is supported by. A sub-bevel gear 18 is fixed to the end of the sampler shaft 16 on the center side of the rotary blade 7, and the main bevel gear 19 is meshed with the sub-bevel gear 18 to rotate the main bevel gear 19 to rotate the soil sampler 15 Is designed to be rotated.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a mechanism for controlling the main bevel gear 19. As described above, the rotating blade 7 has its center portion fixed to the rotating shaft 8, and both ends of the rotating shaft 8 are rotatably supported by the bearings 10 fixed to the floor portion 5. Is connected to the rotary blade drive motor 9. On the side of the recess 13 at the center of the rotating blade 7,
A sleeve 20 is slidably fitted over the rotary shaft 8. The main bevel gear 19 is fixed to one end of the sleeve 20 in a positional relationship capable of meshing with the sub bevel gear 18, and is slidable with respect to the rotary shaft 8 together with the sleeve 20. A driven gear 21 is fixedly provided on the other end of the sleeve 20, and the driven gear 21 includes a drive gear 2 for the first motor 22.
3 is meshed. Therefore, when the first motor 22 is driven to rotate the drive gear 23 in a state where the main bevel gear 19 and the sub bevel gear 18 are meshed as shown in FIG. 4, the driven gear 21 meshed with the drive gear 23 is Since the rotation is transmitted to the main bevel gear 19 through the sleeve 20,
The main bevel gear 19 rotates to rotate the sub-bevel gear 18, which causes the soil sampler 15 to rotate.

By the mechanism as described above, the soil sampler 1
5 is rotated by the first motor 22, but if the main bevel gear 19 and the sub-bevel gear 18 are still meshed with each other, the rotating blade 7 can be rotated even if the main bevel gear 19 remains stationary.
The soil sampler 15 also rotates with the rotation. Therefore, the main bevel gear 19 and the sub bevel gear 18 can be separated from each other. That is, an annular flange 24 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 20 at a constant pitch, and a helical gear 25 is meshed with the flange 24, and the helical gear 25 is engaged by the second motor 26. The flange 2 that meshes with the helical gear 25 when rotated
4 is sent, the sleeve 20 moves in the rotation axis direction, the main bevel gear 19 meshes with the sub bevel gear 18,
To separate.

Therefore, when the soil sampler 15 is rotated by such a mechanism, the following operation is required. Usually, the main bevel gear 19 and the sub-bevel gear 18 are separated. In order to rotate the soil sampler 15, first, the second motor 26 is driven to engage the helical gear 25 and the flange 24 to move the sleeve 20 backward,
The main bevel gear 19 and the sub gear 18 are meshed with each other. Then,
The first motor 22 is driven to drive the main bevel gear 19 to the sub gear 18
The soil sampler 15 is rotated by a required angle. When the soil sampler 15 has been rotated by the target angle, the second motor 26 is immediately driven again to move the sleeve 20 forward, and the main bevel gear 19 and the sub-bevel gear 18 are separated to return to the original state.

Next, the structure of the soil sampler 15 and the recess 14 for accommodating the soil sampler 15 is shown in FIG. Dent 14
Has a cylindrical shape partially lacking, and has an arcuate inner wall surface 27 centered on the axis C of the sampler shaft 16. The soil sampler 15 has a container shape that is shallower than the depth of the recess 14. From the axis C of the sampler shaft 16 to the soil sampler 15
Since the distance W to the end of the soil sampler 15 is equal to the radius R of the recess 14, the end of the soil sampler 15 slides on the inner wall surface of the recess 14 when the soil sampler 15 rotates. Therefore, when the soil sampler 15 closes the depression 14, the depression 14 is exactly closed (see FIG. 7C), and the depression 1
When the soil is held in the No. 4, there is no risk of the soil spilling. On the other hand, when the soil sampler 15 is rotated to discharge the soil stored in the recess 14, the end of the soil sampler 15 rotates so as to scrape the inner wall surface 27 of the recess 14, so that the inside of the recess 14 is rotated. The soil can be completely discharged. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the distance L from the axis C of the sampler shaft 16 to the surface of the rotary blade 7 is longer than the distance D between the axis C of the sampler shaft 16 and the outer surface of the central portion of the soil sampler 15. Has become. Therefore, the soil sampler 15
When the soil sampler 15 is closed, the soil sampler 15 does not protrude from the surface of the rotary blade 7 (see FIG. 7C), and the soil sampler 1
5 is a soil sample storage device 11 and a chute 28 (described later)
There is no fear of interfering with the On the other hand, the one-sided width of the soil sampler 15 (or the distance W) is sufficiently longer than the distance L from the axis C of the sampler shaft 16 to the surface of the rotary blade 7, so that when scraping the soil. Can project the soil sampler 15 from the surface of the rotary blade 7 (see FIG. 8C).

Next, FIGS. 7 (a) (b) (c) -FIG.
The process of sampling soil in the ground will be described.
7 (a), (b) and (c) show a state in which the rotary blade 7 is cut into the ground and the soil sampler 15 is rotating around the upper part of the rotary blade 7. This is the state after soil discharge and before sampling, and the soil sampler 15 has a dent 1
The rotary blade 7 is rotating in a state of being retracted into the inside of the hollow 4, and the inside of the recess 14 is empty.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C show a state in which the soil sampler 15 has entered the ground and is trying to sample the soil in the ground. Soil sampler 1
When 5 enters the ground and the soil sampler 15 comes to the lower part of the rotary blade 7, the soil sampler 15 rotates and jumps out from the rotary blade 7, and each soil sampler 15 scrapes the soil and carries it into each recess 14, Immediately, the soil sampler 15 closes each of the recesses 14 so that soil of another depth does not enter and the soil in the recess 14 does not spill. As a result, the soils sampled at different depths are held in the soil samplers 15 and the depressions 14, respectively.

FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C show the soil sampler 1
5 shows the state when passing through the chute 28 [or it may be a sample collection dish of the soil sample storage device 11] for sending the soil to the soil sample storage device 11. In this state, the soil sampler 15 is retracted into the recess 1414 so as not to interfere with the chute 28, and the soil sampler 15 closes the recess 14 to prevent the soil 29 from spilling. The chute 28 is used for each soil sampler 15
A plurality are provided corresponding to.

10 (a), (b) and (c) show the state in which the soil in the recess 14 is discharged into the shoot 28 and collected in the soil sample storage device 11. Rotating blade 7
When the soil sampler 15 is rotated and the soil sampler 15 is pulled out higher than the chute 28, the soil sampler 15 is rotated to scrape out the soil in each recess 14 and drop the soil sampled at different depths into each chute 28. When the inside of the recess 14 becomes empty, the soil sampler 15 is closed again. The soils collected at different depths fall into different shoots 28 and are sorted and stored in the soil sample storage device 11 via the shoots 28.

The soil sampling device 1 is pulled by the tractor 2, moves the farmland while rotating the rotary blade 7, and continuously samples the soil at a sampling point at regular intervals and by flow work to collect each soil. Collect and collect in the soil sample storage device 11. The soil thus collected is later measured and analyzed for its component and state for each soil at each depth at each sampling point.

When the soil condition at each point of the farmland is known in this way, the place (position and depth) is selected, and effectively (that is, the place where fertilizer is absorbed well, the amount of fertilizer applied that does not penetrate into groundwater, etc. are selected. Fertilizer can be applied, and fertilizer can be saved and the soil can be improved in consideration of the environment. Also,
When water is sprayed, the location (position and depth) is selected, and water can be saved by spraying water around the capillary roots that easily absorb water or in the deep areas where evaporation is less, and further, by capillarity, above ground salt It is possible to prevent water from appearing and to spray water with consideration for the environment.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the rotary blade 7 of the soil sampling apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, since the recess 14 is considerably larger than the soil sampler 15, it is not possible to seal the soil between the soil sampler 15 and the recess 14, but even with such a structure, it is necessary to shoot from the soil collection. It is sufficient to rotate the rotary blade 7 while controlling the angle of the soil sampler 15 so that the soil will not be spilled during the discharge to 28. Also, shoot 2 from the soil sampler 15
When the soil is discharged to 8 or the like, the inner surface that is the lower edge of the recess 14 may be inclined so that the soil spilled from the soil sampler 15 does not collect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a soil sampling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of the soil sampling apparatus of the above.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a structure of a rotary blade of the soil sampling apparatus of the above.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a mechanism for rotating a soil sampler and a mechanism for moving a main bevel gear.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a main gear is separated from a sub gear.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a soil sampler and a recess for housing the soil sampler.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the operation of the rotating blade and the soil sampler, (a) is a side surface portion of the rotating blade, and (b) is
Is a rear view and (c) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line X1-X1 of (a).

8A and 8B are views for explaining the operation of the rotary blade and the soil sampler, where FIG. 8A is a side surface portion of the rotary blade, and FIG.
Is a rear view and (c) is an enlarged sectional view taken along line X2-X2 of (b).

9A and 9B are views for explaining the operation of the rotary blade and the soil sampler, in which FIG. 9A is a side surface portion of the rotary blade, and FIG.
Is a rear view, and (c) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line X3-X3 of (a).

FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the operation of the rotary blade and the soil sampler, (a) is a side surface portion of the rotary blade,
(B) is a rear view, (c) is an X4-X4 line expanded sectional view of (a).

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a rotating blade of a soil sampling device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

7 rotating blades 9 Blade drive motor 11 Soil sample storage device 14 dent 15 Soil sampler 28 shoots

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Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A soil sampling device comprising: a rotary blade for cutting into the ground; and a plurality of soil extractors provided at different distances from the center of the rotary blade. 2. A soil sample storage device for sorting and storing soil collected by the soil sampling device.
The soil sampling device described in. 3. The soil sampling device according to claim 1, further comprising a traveling unit capable of traveling on the ground surface.