JP3424335B2 - 3D measuring device for structures - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a large-scale structural member such as a bridge block which is assembled by being connected,
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional measuring device that accurately measures data regarding the shape, size, etc. of each structural member required when performing numerical temporary assembly of adjacent structural members.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a structural member such as a bridge block which is assembled by being connected or a long tower main tower block which is assembled by being connected in a longitudinal direction, each manufactured individual structural member is ideal as designed. Since it is inevitable that some error will occur in the shape, the structure is designed so that the error will be the smallest when compared to the ideal overall shape of the entire structure when assembled on site. It is necessary to connect the members. For that purpose, the quality assurance for the on-site construction has been conventionally performed by temporarily assembling the structural members manufactured in the factory.

As a method of this temporary assembly, various problems caused by actually temporarily assembling large structural members of the order of several meters to several tens of meters such as a bridge block, for example, a great deal of time and labor are required for work. In order to solve the problems such as the necessity, a numerical temporary assembly method using computer simulation is being studied. When the numerical temporary assembly is performed, the twists and bends unique to the individual structural members produced as data to be input to the computer, the positions of bolt holes, the dimensions of each part, etc. are precisely set to, for example, 0. It is necessary to measure with high accuracy of the order of 1 mm or more.

Therefore, as a measuring device for measuring the shape and size of the above-mentioned structural member, conventionally, there is an angle measuring type using a CCD camera, a distance measuring type using a theodolite, or an angle measuring type. What is called a triangulation type measuring device is used, and an operator operates these measuring devices to measure the structural members.

On the other hand, when the structural members are transported to the construction site for actual construction after performing the numerical temporary assembly using the measured values, the adjacent structural members are vertically, horizontally, and vertically ( A so-called centering work is required such as what kind of positional relationship and twist relationship are to be connected in the (X, Y, Z directions). Therefore, after the numerical provisional assembly is performed, marking is performed as a mark for alignment. In other words, after the numerical provisional assembly of the adjacent structural members is completed, one worker uses the transit or the like while the other worker paints on the target position, and then the marking needle is used to draw the marking line. I was trying to pull.

[0006]

As described above, the conventional method for measuring a structural member uses a non-contact triangulation type measuring device, and as long as the measurement is performed using this type of device, Since coordinate distortion in the X, Y, and Z directions is unavoidable,
There are variations in the measurement error in each of the X, Y, and Z directions, and there is a limit to the improvement of the measurement accuracy. And, the problem that the target manufacturing error and the installation error are included to attach the target to the measurement point, the problem that the indirect error occurs by measuring the point offset from the measurement point when direct collimation cannot be performed, the target to the measurement point There were many problems such as the problem that it takes time to perform the measurement preparation work such as installation of a sickle and putting in a scratch, and the problem that a sufficiently large work space must be secured. Further, in terms of work, there is a problem that this measuring work requires skill and labor of the worker and a great amount of work time.

On the other hand, in the marking operation, it is difficult to improve the accuracy of the marking position, the labor and the working time of the operator are very large, and the position to be marked obtained from the measurement result is directly measured from the measuring device side. In order to carry out scribing by the method instructed, there is a problem that it is necessary to prepare equipment and instruments different from the measuring device. That is, the measuring and marking operations of the structural members have many technical, precision, and operational problems, and it has been desired to provide means for eliminating these problems.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and provides a three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure which can rationally perform work ranging from measurement of various structural members to marking. The purpose is to

[0009]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the three-dimensional measuring device for a structure according to claim 1 is connected to each other to form various structural members such as a bridge. A device for measuring the arbitrary points as three-dimensional coordinates by using the constituent members as an object to be measured in order to grasp the size and shape of the object. A pair of guide rails that are placed, a girder that is erected on each of the pair of guide rails and that can run along each of the guide rails, and a girder that is attached to each of these girders and that moves up and down along the girder. A measurement shaft that is movable, expandable and contractable in the length direction, and rotatable about its own axis, and a probe that is rotatably attached to each measurement shaft and extends in five directions orthogonal to each other. Wherein a touch sensor that detects the coordinates of the contact point by contacting the tip into the object to be measured, said girder, and a control device for controlling the operation of the measurement axis and a touch sensor, the automatic exchange apparatus to the measuring axis
It is attached so that it can be replaced with the touch sensor, and
When aligning the building members with each other,
In order to do so, mark the specified points on the measured object.
And a marking device for .

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to a second aspect, the girder and the measuring shaft are covered with a heat insulating material except their sliding surfaces, and the temperature of the girder and the measuring shaft is controlled. It is characterized by including the temperature control means.

A three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to a third aspect of the invention is formed of a material having the same linear expansion coefficient as that of the object to be measured, and corrects an error in a measured value due to a temperature change of the object to be measured. It is characterized in that it is provided with a scale bar that serves as a reference when performing.

Further, the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 4 is provided with an interference preventing means for preventing the measuring axis from interfering with the object to be measured or another obstacle. It is characterized by.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 5, the interference prevention means forms a light-emitting portion and a light-receiving portion around which an optical protection means is formed around the outer surface of the measurement shaft by a predetermined dimension. And is configured to prevent interference between the measurement axis and the object to be measured or an obstacle by detecting the presence or absence of interruption of the optical protection means.

Further, in a three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the interference prevention means has a CCD camera attached so that an angle can be changed with respect to the measurement axis, and the CC
By controlling the operation of the measurement axis based on the image data of the object to be measured or the obstacle obtained from the D camera,
It is characterized in that it is configured so as to prevent interference between the measurement axis and the object to be measured or an obstacle.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 7, the marking device is configured to measure the object to be measured.
Inkjet type or scribing needle type that ejects ink
It is characterized by being a laser marking type .

According to the structure three-dimensional measuring apparatus of the eighth aspect , the probe of the touch sensor is automatically cleaned.
It is characterized in that it is equipped with a cleaning device .

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 9, the cleaning device is a cleaning tank and an ultrasonic wave generator.
And have a fixed number of points or a certain number of measurement points
After completing the measurement, the probe is automatically
It is also characterized in that it is ultrasonically cleaned
Of. Further, three-dimensional measurement of the structure according to claim 10.
In the device, the temperature control means includes a heater and a thermostat.
It is characterized by having.

[0018]

In the three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the girder is placed on the pair of guide rails under the control of the control unit for the object to be measured placed between the pair of guide rails. Each run, the measurement axis rises and falls with respect to each girder, expands and contracts in the length direction, or rotates around its own axis, and the touch sensor attached to the measurement axis rotates, thereby measuring the measured object. One of the probes extending in five directions of the touch sensor comes into contact with a predetermined measurement position of the object. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of this contact point are detected. Furthermore, after the measurement of the measured object is completed,
The actuator attached to the measuring shaft by the operation of the dynamic exchange device.
The touch sensor is automatically replaced with the marking device,
Marking device for aligning structural members adjacent to each other
The marking to be made is made on a predetermined portion of the measured object.

Further, in the three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to the second aspect, the heat insulating material covering the girder and the measuring shaft blocks heat from the outside, and the temperature control means controls the temperature of the girder and the measuring shaft. By controlling the temperature of these girders and measuring axes, the expansion and contraction due to temperature changes are prevented.

Further, in the three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to claim 3, when the object to be measured expands or contracts due to temperature change, accurate dimensions have been measured in advance and the same line as the object to be measured is used. By using the scale bar having the expansion coefficient as a reference, the error of the measurement value due to the temperature change of the measured object is corrected.

Further, in the three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to the fourth aspect, the interference prevention means has, for example, a large deformation of the measured object or an unexpected obstacle in the moving range of the measuring axis. In this case, it is possible to prevent the measurement axis from interfering with the object to be measured or the obstacle.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 5, the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion form an optical protection means around the measurement axis, and the optical protection means is an object to be measured or an obstacle. When it is blocked by an object, the operation of the measuring axis is stopped by detecting the block.

Further, in the three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the interference prevention means includes a CCD camera attached so that the angle can be changed with respect to the measurement axis. Image data of an object to be measured or an obstacle is obtained, and the operation of the measuring axis is controlled based on this data.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to the seventh aspect, an ink jet type or a marking needle type is also available.
Laser marking type marking device
Inject ink onto the surface of the object to be measured or mark a marking line
Or, perform marking with a laser.

In addition, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to the eighth aspect , the touch is made while the apparatus is repeatedly used.
If dust etc. adheres to the sensor probe,
Automatically cleans the touch sensor probe
To do.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 9, the cleaning device comprises a cleaning tank and an ultrasonic wave generator.
It is equipped with a living instrument and has a fixed time or a fixed number of measurement points.
After completing the measurement, automatically clean the probe with ultrasonic waves.
It Moreover, in the three-dimensional measuring device for a structure according to claim 10.
In addition, the heater and the thermostat that form the temperature control means
Control heating the temperature of the member on which they are installed.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional measuring device 1 of this embodiment.
2 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the reference numeral 2, reference numeral 2 is a guide rail, 3 is a girder, 4 is a measurement axis, 5 is a touch sensor,
Reference numeral 6 is a system controller (control device), and B is a bridge block (structural member) that is an object to be measured.

A pair of guide rails 2, 2 on the floor of the factory
Are fixed in parallel with each other with a certain distance therebetween. A girder 3 is erected on each guide rail 2, and each girder 3 is connected to a girder drive mechanism (not shown) via a cable bear 8. Therefore, each girder 3 is horizontally moved along each guide rail 2 by the operation of the girder drive mechanism.

Further, expandable and contractible bellows-shaped covers 9 are provided so as to cover the respective guide rails 2, and the ends of the covers 9 are fixed to the ends of the respective guide rails 2.
The girder 3 side is fixed to both side surfaces of the girder 3.
Therefore, when the girder 3 travels on the guide rails 2, one side of the cover 9 that sandwiches the girder 3 expands and the other side contracts, so that the girder 3 can move without hindrance. The cover 9 is the guide rail 2
This is to prevent dust and the like from accumulating on the sliding surface between the girder 3 and the girder 3 so that the girder 3 always runs smoothly.

Each girder 3 is attached with a measuring shaft 4 which extends orthogonally to the girder 3 in the horizontal direction. The measurement shaft 4 is connected to a measurement shaft drive mechanism (not shown) via a cabel bear 10 and is vertically moved along the girder 3 by the operation of the measurement shaft drive mechanism. The measurement shaft 4 includes a column 11, an internal shaft 12 that is inserted into the column 11 and extends on the extension line thereof toward the bridge block B side.
The sensor shaft 13 and the inner shaft 12
Can be moved in and out of the support 11 by an internal shaft drive mechanism (not shown). A sensor head 13 is attached to the end of the inner shaft 12 so as to be rotatable about the axis of the inner shaft 12 by a sensor head rotating mechanism (not shown) and replaceable with a marking device described later. .

A touch sensor 5 is attached to an end of each sensor head 13 so as to be rotatable in a horizontal plane by a touch sensor rotating mechanism (not shown).
The touch sensor 5 includes probes 16 extending in five directions of front, top, bottom, right, and left, which are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the side of the support portion 15.
When the tip of the probe 16 contacts the object to be measured, the three-dimensional coordinates of the contact point can be detected.

Each of the girder drive mechanism, measurement axis drive mechanism, internal axis drive mechanism, sensor head rotation mechanism, and touch sensor rotation mechanism is electrically connected to the system controller 6 installed on the floor. All of these mechanisms are operated under the control of the system controller 6. Further, data relating to various measurement conditions such as measurement points and measurement routes are transferred to the system controller 6 from a computer (not shown) outside the three-dimensional measurement device 1. Therefore, according to the judgment of the system controller 6 based on the transferred data, the horizontal running of the girder 3,
The probe 1 of the touch sensor 5 is obtained by combining the vertical movement of the entire measurement shaft 4, the entry / exit of the internal shaft 12, the rotation of the sensor head 13, and the rotation of the touch sensor 5.
6 can reach an arbitrary position within a movable range of a space between the pair of guide rails 2 and 2 at an arbitrary angle.

Further, all the outer surfaces of the members constituting the girder 3 and the measuring shaft 4 except the sliding surfaces are covered with a heat insulating material, and the inside of each member is a heater (temperature control means) and the temperature of the heater. A thermostat (temperature control means) for controlling the temperature is embedded. Figure 2 shows the girder 3 as an example
Is a cross-sectional view showing a side surface of the measurement shaft 4, except for a side surface which is a sliding surface with respect to the measurement shaft 4, and is covered with a heat insulating material 17. Further, the heater 18 is embedded along the outer peripheral portion,
A thermostat 19 is connected to the heater 18.
The temperature of each member can be set to an arbitrary temperature within the range of 40 ± 5 ° C., and the temperature of the members within the range of ± 1 ° C. is set by the action of the heater 18 and the thermostat 19. Can be heat controlled.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a laser emitting section 20 (interference prevention means) and a laser receiving section 21 (interference prevention) are provided at respective corners of the facing surface of the support shaft 11 of the measuring shaft 4 and the sensor head 13. Means) is installed and a laser barrier S (optical protection means) is formed along the axial direction of the measurement axis 4 by emitting laser light between them when the apparatus is operating. . The laser light receiving section 21 is connected to the system controller 6,
The system controller 6 is configured to stop the operation of the measurement axis 4 when the laser barrier S is blocked by the bridge block B or an obstacle during the movement of the measurement axis 4.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a sensor head replacement device 22 (automatic replacement device) is installed on the floor surface. This sensor head exchange device 22 is equipped with a measuring axis 4
This is for automatically replacing the sensor head 13 attached to the end with an ink jet type marking head 23 (marking device) as shown in FIG. Then, after the measurement of the bridge block B is completed, the marking head 23 performs the marking corresponding to the conventional marking operation on the bridge block B, that is, the marking to be used as the alignment mark for the adjacent bridge blocks B. This is done by ejecting ink onto the surface of B.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, on the floor surface,
The scale bar 24 is fixed. The scale bar 24 is made of a material having the same linear expansion coefficient as that of the bridge block B, and an accurate dimension at a reference temperature is measured in advance, and before and after the actual measurement of the bridge block B, that is, the bridge block B is measured. By measuring the dimensions again in the same condition as the measurement environment, it is used as a reference scale when correcting the error in the measurement value due to the temperature change of the bridge block B.

A probe cleaning device 27 (cleaning device) including an ultrasonic generator 25 and a cleaning tank 26 containing a cleaning liquid placed above the ultrasonic generator 25 is installed on the floor surface. This probe cleaning device 27 has a touch sensor 5
If dust or the like adheres to the probe 16 of the touch sensor 5, the accuracy of the measurement is deteriorated. Is moved to the position of the probe cleaning device 27 and ultrasonic cleaning is performed in the cleaning tank 26.

The procedure of measuring the bridge block B using the three-dimensional measuring apparatus 1 having the above-mentioned configuration will be described below with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 and 6. First, the original size data of the bridge block B is input to the computer of the system in advance (step S1 in FIG. 5), and the measurement data such as the reference, the allowable value, and the measurement route are created (step S in FIG. 5).
2) Transfer the measurement data to the system controller 6 of the three-dimensional measuring device 1.

Then, the bridge block B is carried in between the pair of guide rails 2 and 2 of the three-dimensional measuring device 1 (step S3 in FIG. 5), and after the thermometer is attached to the bridge block B,
The air temperature, the device temperature, and the bridge block temperature are respectively measured in order to monitor changes in the measurement environment (step S4 in FIG. 5). After that, the touch sensor 5 is manually moved by the operator to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of reference points in the bridge block B, for example, four reference points such as four corners of the bottom surface (step S5 in FIG. 5). , Coordinate conversion is performed so that the full-scale data input in advance corresponds to the position and orientation of the bridge block B actually placed (step S in FIG. 5).
6).

Next, the scale bar 24 is measured before measuring the bridge block B (step S in FIG. 5).
7) After performing the temperature correction calculation, start measuring the bridge block B. At this time, the touch sensor 5 moves in accordance with the measurement points and the measurement route previously input by the instruction of the system controller 6 to measure the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the designated number of points (step S8 in FIG. 5).
After that, the scale bar 24 is measured after the bridge block B is measured (step S9 in FIG. 5), the temperature correction calculation is performed again, and then the air temperature, the device temperature, and the bridge block temperature are measured (step S10 in FIG. 5). ).

Next, with respect to the ideal predetermined position (coordinates) given by the original size data, the bridge block B is set so that the bridge block B on which the three-dimensional measurement is performed can be housed in the positional relationship with the smallest error as a whole. A so-called optimization calculation (automatic centering) for arranging the coordinates is performed (step S11 in FIG. 5). Then, for the bridge block adjacent to the bridge block B for which the measurement has been completed, the measurement is performed by the same procedure as described above, and then numerical temporary assembly is performed using the measurement data after the optimization calculation of the adjacent bridge blocks. To do. Although the detailed description of the data processing of the numerical provisional assembly is omitted, it will be performed in the procedure of the arrangement adjustment of the adjacent bridge blocks (step S12 of FIG. 5) and the structural analysis (step S13 of FIG. 5).

After the numerical temporary assembly, the bridge block B
It is determined whether or not the shape is appropriate (step S14 in FIG. 5).
If the deviation of the actual shape from the ideal shape of is outside the allowable range, a rework instruction is issued (step S15 in FIG. 5) and the bridge block B is carried out (step in FIG. 5). (S16), reworking is performed (step S17 in FIG. 5), the process returns to step S3 in FIG. 5, and the measurement is performed again.

Further, when the shape of the bridge block B is proper, it is judged whether or not to mark the alignment mark of the bridge block B obtained by the optimization calculation (FIG. 6).
Step S18), when performing marking,
As shown in FIG. 4, the sensor head 13 that has been attached to the measuring shaft 4 is replaced by the sensor head changing device 2
After being replaced by the marking head 23 in step 2, the marking head 23 is moved to a predetermined position on the bridge block B according to an instruction from the system controller 6 to perform marking (step S19 in FIG. 6). After all the work is completed in this way, the bridge block B is carried out from the three-dimensional measuring device 1 (step S20 in FIG. 6).

After that, various measurement results are output.
That is, while outputting the measurement result table for each bridge block B (step S21 in FIG. 6), it is necessary for the hole processing of the splice plate for connecting the adjacent bridge blocks calculated from the hole measurement data of the bridge block B. Data is output (step S22 in FIG. 6). Then, it is determined whether or not to output the numerical temporary assembly result (step S23 in FIG. 6), and if it is to be output, the temporary assembly result table is output (step S25 in FIG. 6) and displayed on the display screen. After confirming the temporary assembly status (step S26 in FIG. 6), various data are saved (step S27 in FIG. 6) and all the processes are terminated. When the numerical temporary assembly result is not output, it is determined whether or not the next bridge block is to be measured (step S24 in FIG. 6), and when it is continuously measured, the process returns to step S3 in FIG. , Perform measurement again in the same procedure. On the other hand, when not measuring,
The data is saved (step S27 in FIG. 6) and all the processes are completed.

In the three-dimensional measuring apparatus 1 of this embodiment,
Since the touch sensor 5 that detects the coordinates by directly contacting the surface of the bridge block B is used as a means for detecting the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point in the bridge block B, the conventional non-contact triangulation measurement device. Unlike
Coordinate distortion in the X, Y, and Z directions is extremely small, and indirect errors such as target manufacturing error, installation error, and marking operation error are small, and stable and highly accurate measurement can be performed. In addition, girder 3, measuring axis 4, sensor head 1
3. Since the touch sensor 5 can reach an arbitrary position at an arbitrary angle by mutual movements of the touch sensor 5, etc., it is difficult to measure a portion that cannot be directly collimated. Unlike the angular survey type measuring device, the touch sensor 5 can enter the inside of the bridge block B as long as it is within the moving range, and the position can be easily measured.

Further, since each touch sensor 5 is automatically moved based on the data transferred from the computer to the system controller 6, especially during the measurement for a long time, especially the three-dimensional measurement is performed. In order to avoid the temperature change of the object to be measured as much as possible, the device may perform measurement at night when the outside air temperature is small, but even in such a case, the operator does not need to be attached to the measuring device. That is, it is possible to realize a rational measuring device by unmanning the work.

Further, the three-dimensional measuring device 1 itself basically needs only to have a size that can carry in structural members such as the bridge block B, so that the three-dimensional measuring device can be used for measurement. The space in the factory required for measurement can be reduced as compared with the large work space required. Also,
Unlike the conventional device, no illumination is required, and the measurement can be performed at night without any problem without using illumination.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, each girder 3 and the measuring shaft 4 are covered with the heat insulating material 17, and the heater 18 and the thermostat 19 are embedded inside each member. Temperature control of parts is ± 1 ℃
Since the measurement is performed with the accuracy within the range, even if the outside air temperature changes significantly, it is possible to prevent expansion and contraction by keeping the temperature of the member constant and ensure the stability of measurement. Further, in the factory, the temperature may rise to about 35 ° C. in the summer, but in the case of this embodiment, the temperature of each member is about 40 ° C. by adopting the heater heating which is lower in cost than the cooling. Since it was configured to control
The cost required for temperature control of the measuring device can be reduced.

As described above, the temperature of the measuring device is kept constant to ensure the stability of the measurement from the device side, and the measured value of the bridge block B is temperature-corrected using the scale bar 24 as a reference scale. Therefore, compared to the method of theoretically calculating the correction value from the bridge block temperature and the linear expansion coefficient of the material, the behavior is closer to the actual behavior with respect to the thermal deformation of the bridge block B. Since the correction can be performed with a small error in the shape, the accuracy regarding the temperature correction can be sufficiently improved.

Although each measuring axis 4 and each touch sensor 5 operate based on the original size data previously input to the system controller 6, for example, when the deformation of the bridge block B is large or the measuring axis 4 moves. If the measurement axis 4 interferes with the bridge block B or an obstacle when there is an unexpected obstacle in the movement range, the touch sensor 5 may be damaged or the measurement accuracy may be extremely lowered. is there. However, in the apparatus of the present embodiment, each measurement axis 4 is provided with a pair of laser emitting section 20 and laser receiving section 21, and the laser barrier S is formed around the measurement axis 4 to constitute an interference prevention unit. Therefore, even if the above-mentioned abnormality occurs, it is possible to reliably prevent the measurement axis 4 from interfering with or colliding with the bridge block B or an obstacle. Therefore, it is possible to make the device unmanned in that the device does not need to be monitored.

In the three-dimensional measuring apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the sensor head exchanging device 22 is constructed so that the sensor head 13 at the tip of the measuring shaft 4 and the marking head 23 can be automatically exchanged. Can perform not only the measurement work of the bridge block B but also the marking work, and these works can be continuously performed by one device. Therefore, unlike the case of the conventional marking work, which is performed by two workers performing the transit operation and painting, respectively, the marking work is unmanned, the marking position accuracy is improved, and the marking work time is shortened. You can get the benefits of. That is,
According to this embodiment, a rational device can be realized through both the measurement work and the marking work of the bridge block B. Further, in the case of this embodiment, the marking head 2
Since 3 is an ink jet type, it has advantages that the line width of marking can be made constant and printing can be performed.

The measuring apparatus 1 also cleans the probe 16 of each touch sensor 5 automatically every fixed time or every fixed number of measurement points.
7, the probe 16 of the touch sensor 5 is provided.
It is possible to prevent the measurement accuracy from deteriorating due to the adhesion of dust or the like to the stable and highly accurate measurement even when the apparatus is repeatedly used.

The three-dimensional measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a pair of laser emitting section 20 and laser receiving section 21 as means for preventing interference of each measuring axis 4, and a laser barrier S is provided around the measuring axis 4. Although it is configured to be formed, general visible light or the like can be used instead of laser light. Further, instead of this configuration, a configuration using a CCD camera (interference prevention means) may be used. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the CCD camera 28 is attached to the side surface of the column 11 of each measurement shaft 4 so that the angle can be changed, the CCD camera 28 moves together with the measurement shaft 4, and the angle is changed while the bridge block is being changed. After the information such as the arrangement and shape of B or the presence / absence of an obstacle is collected, the data is transferred to the system controller 6 via the computer. Then, the system controller 6 controls the measurement axis 4 based on the movement control data of the measurement axis 4 created by the computer. If the three-dimensional measuring device 1 is configured in this way, the measuring axis 4 can be moved more smoothly by adding the movement control data obtained from the CCD camera 28 based on the original size data.

Further, in the present embodiment, the heater 18 and the thermostat 19 are used as the temperature control means for the girders 3 and the measuring shaft 4 to perform the heating control, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and for example, these members may be used. As a configuration in which a cooling pipe is embedded inside, cooling control may be performed contrary to the present embodiment. As the marking device, a marking needle type marking device or a laser marking device may be used instead of the ink jet type marking device. Further, as the probe cleaning device of the touch sensor 5, various types of devices such as a probe cleaning device by ultrasonic cleaning and dust removal by high pressure air may be applied. Furthermore, regarding the shape of each part, the drive mechanism, and the like over the three-dimensional measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment,
Of course, the design can be changed as appropriate. Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the three-dimensional measuring device 1 is applied to the measurement of the bridge block B has been described as an example, but the measurement target is not limited to the bridge block B, and the secondary connecting member, the splice plate, etc. It can be applied to various components.

[0055]

As described above in detail, the first aspect of the present invention is as follows.
Since the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure described above employs a touch sensor that detects coordinates by directly contacting the object to be measured as means for detecting the three-dimensional coordinates of an arbitrary point on the object to be measured, Unlike the conventional non-contact triangulation type measuring device, set the target at the point to be measured,
Since it is not necessary to carry out scribing, the coordinate distortion is extremely small, and indirect errors such as target manufacturing error, installation error, and scribing work error are small, and stable and highly accurate measurement can be performed. Moreover, since the touch sensor can reach an arbitrary position at an arbitrary angle by the mutual movement of each girder, the measurement axis, and the touch sensor, it is difficult to measure a portion that cannot be directly collimated. Unlike the measuring device, the touch sensor can also measure the internal location of the measured object. Further, since the above-mentioned respective parts are automatically moved by the control device, unmanned work can be achieved and a rational measuring device can be realized. Further, the space required for measurement can be reduced as compared with the large space required for measurement in the case of the conventional triangulation type measurement device. In addition, the measurement tip is measured by the automatic changer.
Automatically replace the edge touch sensor and marking device
Since it is configured so that this device can
Not only work, but also marking work,
These operations can be carried out continuously with one device
It Therefore, the two workers are each transit
Operations that were previously performed while
Unlike the case of scribing work, unmanned marking work and
Improved marking position accuracy and reduced marking work time
Various advantages can be obtained. Therefore, the measured
Reasonable through both regular measurement and marking work
Various devices can be realized.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 2, since each girder and the measuring shaft are covered with a heat insulating material and these members are provided with temperature control means, these members are The temperature can be kept constant, and expansion and contraction can be prevented to ensure the stability of measurement.

Further, in the three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to the third aspect, the temperature of the measured value is corrected with reference to the scale bar having the same linear expansion coefficient as the object to be measured. Compared with the method that theoretically calculates the temperature correction value from the temperature and the linear expansion coefficient of the material, it is possible to perform correction with less error in a form closer to the actual behavior for thermal deformation of the measured object. The accuracy regarding temperature correction can be sufficiently improved.

Further, since the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 4 is provided with the interference preventing means of the measuring axis,
For example, it is possible to reliably prevent the measurement axis from interfering with the object to be measured or the obstacle even when the deformation of the bridge block is large or there is an unexpected obstacle in the movement range of the measurement axis. Therefore, it is possible to make the device unmanned in that it is not necessary to monitor the device.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to the fifth aspect, since the interference preventing means having the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion capable of forming the optical protection means is provided around the measuring axis, the optical measuring means is provided. It is possible to reliably prevent the measurement axis from interfering with the object to be measured or the obstacle by detecting whether or not the physical protection means is cut off.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to the sixth aspect, since the interference preventing means provided with the CCD camera is configured, based on the image data of the object to be measured or the obstacle from the CCD camera. By controlling the operation of the measuring axis, it is possible to reliably prevent the measuring axis from interfering with the object to be measured or the obstacle.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 7, the marking device ejects ink onto the object to be measured.
Inkjet type or marking needle type or laser type
The marking type is used because it consists of
The line width can be made constant and the accuracy can be improved.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 8, the probe of the touch sensor is automatically cleaned.
Since it is equipped with a cleaning device,
The accuracy of measurement due to dust adhering to the probe
Prevents deterioration and is always stable even with repeated use of the device
Therefore, highly accurate measurement can be performed.

Further, in the three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 9, the cleaning device includes a cleaning tank and an ultrasonic wave generator.
Automatically after a certain period of time or a certain number of measurements.
The probe of the touch sensor is dusted because the probe is cleaned.
Prevents deterioration of measurement accuracy due to the adherence of
Therefore, even if the device is used repeatedly, it is always stable and highly accurate.
Measurement can be performed. Moreover, the structure according to claim 10.
The three-dimensional measuring device for a structure has a heater that serves as a temperature control means.
A thermostat controls heating of the temperature of the member, so
Measured by adopting low-cost heater heating compared to
The cost of controlling the temperature of the device can be reduced.
It

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional measuring apparatus that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sectional structure of a girder of the apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a main part of a measuring shaft of the apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which a marking head is attached to the measurement shaft.

FIG. 5 is a first half portion of a flowchart showing a procedure of performing measurement and marking work using the same apparatus.

FIG. 6 is the latter half.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which a CCD camera is attached to the measurement axis.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 3D measuring device 2 Guide rail 3 girder 4 measuring axes 5 touch sensor 6 System controller (control device) 16 probes 17 Insulation 18 Heater (temperature control means) 19 Thermostat (temperature control means) 20 Laser emission unit (interference prevention means) 21 Laser receiver (interference prevention means) 22 Sensor head replacement device (automatic replacement device) 23 Marking head (marking device) 24 scale bar 27 Probe cleaning device (cleaning device) 28 CCD camera (interference prevention means) B Bridge block (component) S laser barrier (optical protection means)

Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP 54-11600 (JP, A) JP 5-60543 (JP, A) JP 62-159006 (JP, A) JP 6-185912 (JP , A) JP 63-106512 (JP, A) Actually opened 64-10608 (JP, U) Actually opened 62-5211 (JP, U) Actually opened 63-11130 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01B 21/20 101 G01B 7/00

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. In order to grasp the dimensions and shapes of various constituent members that constitute a structure such as a bridge by being connected to each other, the constituent members are measured and the arbitrary points are measured as three-dimensional coordinates. And a pair of guide rails, which are arranged with a certain distance from each other and on which an object to be measured is placed, and which are respectively installed upright on the pair of guide rails, along the respective guide rails. A movable girder, a measuring axis attached to each of these girders, capable of moving up and down along the girder, expandable and contractible in the length direction, and rotatable about its own axis, and each measuring axis. A touch sensor that is attached rotatably with respect to an axis and that detects the coordinates of the contact point by bringing the tips of probes extending in five directions orthogonal to each other into contact with the measurement object. Said girder, and a control device for controlling the operation of the measurement axis and a touch sensor, said touch sensor by an automatic exchange apparatus to the measuring axis
Interchangeably mounted to butt adjacent structural members together
The above-mentioned measured objects are used as marks for aligning each other when aligning.
Marking for marking the specified points on the object
A device, and a structure 3 characterized by comprising:
Dimension measuring device. 2. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 1, wherein the girder and the measuring shaft are covered with a heat insulating material except their sliding surfaces, and the temperature of themselves is controlled. A three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure, comprising: a temperature control means for controlling the temperature. 3. The three-dimensional structure measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the structure is made of a material having the same linear expansion coefficient as that of the object to be measured, and an error in a measured value due to a temperature change of the object to be measured. A three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure, comprising a scale bar serving as a reference for correcting 4. The three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measuring axis prevents the measuring axis from interfering with the object to be measured or another obstacle. A three-dimensional structure measuring apparatus for a structure, comprising: 5. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 4, wherein the interference prevention unit forms an optical protection unit around an outer side of the measurement shaft by a predetermined dimension and a light receiving unit. And a structure for preventing the interference between the measurement axis and the object to be measured or the obstacle by detecting whether or not the optical protection means is interrupted. Dimension measuring device. 6. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus for a structure according to claim 4, wherein the interference prevention unit has a CCD camera attached so that an angle can be changed with respect to the measurement axis, and the interference prevention unit can be obtained from the CCD camera. By controlling the operation of the measurement axis based on the image data of the measured object or obstacle that has been measured, it is configured to prevent interference between the measurement axis and the measured object or obstacle. 3D measuring device for structures. 7. The three-dimensional measuring device for a structure according to claim 1 , wherein the marking device ejects ink onto the object to be measured by an ink jet method, a marking needle method, or laser marking. A three-dimensional measuring device for structures, characterized by being of a formula. 8. The three-dimensional measurement device of a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cleaning device for automatically cleaning a probe of the touch sensor is provided Three-dimensional measuring device for structures. 9. A three-dimensional measuring device for a structure according to claim 8.
The cleaning device has a cleaning tank and an ultrasonic generator.
And the measurement of a certain number of points or a certain number of points ends
After that, the probe is automatically sonicated in the cleaning tank.
Structure 3 characterized by being configured to be washed
Dimension measuring device. 10. Three-dimensional measurement of the structure according to claim 2.
In the device, the temperature control means has a heater and a thermostat.
A three-dimensional measuring device for structures, which is characterized in that