JP3429720B2 - Fender - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fender.
It is. [0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Energy when a ship berths at a quay or the like
To absorb the shocks and reduce the impact, thereby reducing the hull of the ship.
As a so-called fender 9 for protection, for example, as shown in FIG.
It is not shown to show its cross-sectional shape,
At the end, a receiving member such as a receiving plate is attached.
Cylindrical first supporting portion 91 having a constant and constant thickness,
Taper from the base end side of the contact part to the mounting surface Q such as a quay
Hollow cone-shaped second support portion 92 having a constant thickness and spreading in a shape
Are integrally formed of an elastic material such as rubber.
What is called a loose circle type is widely used in general
I have. [0003] Such a circle-shaped fender 9 is used for connecting a ship.
When receiving the compressive force by the port, first,
While generating a reaction force, the first support unit 91 and the second support unit 92
In the height direction in the middle of the boundary portion of the second support portion 92
Begins bending at approximately the center of the
Buckles when it can no longer be done. Next, FIG. 8 (b)
As shown, change until the whole is folded almost without gaps.
After being shaped, it is further compressed into a single lump of rubber.
It is. [0004] This process is determined by the amount of distortion of the fender 9 due to compression.
-Reaction force indicating the reaction force generated in the fender 9 at that time
When represented by a characteristic curve, the result shown in FIG. 9 is obtained. That is, FIG.
From the normal state of (a) until immediately before the bent portion buckles,
Referring to FIG. 9, this corresponds to the range from the origin O to the maximum point A.
Fenders bent during compression
The reaction force rises because 9 produces a reaction force that tries to return
You. However, when the fender 9 buckles,
Figure crushed in its entirety to almost lose power
Until the folded state shown in Fig. 8 (b), the fenders
The reaction force of 9 decreases. That is, from the maximum point A to the minimum point C
Follow the course at. Then, when the state shown in FIG.
Means that the entire fender 9 is made up of one rubber lump as described above.
The minimum point
After C, the reaction force increases unilaterally via point B
You. [0006] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The range in which the fenders can actually be used is usually the origin O
Then, after point C, the reaction force began to increase again, and was the same as the maximum point A.
From the origin O to the point B which shows the same reaction force value
It is restricted to the range up to the distortion amount D. This is the amount of distortion D
When descending, the reaction force becomes too high and damages the hull.
This may cause a problem. [0007] The above-mentioned fender has an allowable distortion D
The amount of energy that can be absorbed within the range of
And a horizontal axis passing through the origin O and a vertical axis passing through the point B.
Area S₁Is equivalent to The fender is above
Area S₁Next, the characteristic curve and the horizontal axis connecting points AB are specified.
Area S of cut area_TwoOf energy equivalent to the amount
Ideally, it should be able to absorb energy.
Area S_TwoThe amount of energy that can be absorbed is small
This reduces the efficiency of energy absorption. Therefore, the distortion-reaction characteristic curve of the fender is
The part after the maximum point A is as horizontal as possible.
Ideally, the reaction force after the point A should be almost constant
It is a target. An object of the present invention is to set the range of the allowable distortion amount.
The characteristic curve of strain-reaction force as close to the ideal as possible
And to provide a new fender. [0009] Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention
In order to solve the problem, the inventors have developed a circle-shaped fender.
Various cross-sectional shapes were studied. As a result, as shown in FIG.
In the conventional fender 9, the first support part 91 and the second support
The outer peripheral surface at the boundary with the portion 92 was clean and continuous
The outer peripheral surface of the second support portion 92 is
A step is provided so that it protrudes one step outward from the surface
When the cross-sectional shape is adjusted, the reaction force drops after the maximum point A
The characteristic curve as close to the ideal as possible
In both cases, the amount of energy that the fender can absorb is increased,
And improved energy absorption efficiency
Was. That is, the fender according to the present invention is provided with
Outside diameter to which the material is attachedAnd thicknessConstant cylindrical
A first support part and a quay or the like from the proximal end side of the first support part
Spreads in a tapered shape toward the mounting surface, Constant thicknessHollow
The conical second support part is formed integrally with an elastic material
And aboveThe thickness of the second support is larger than the thickness of the first support
The two supporting unitsThe outer peripheral surface at the boundary of
Project the outer peripheral surface of the support portion one step outward from the outer peripheral surface of the first support portion.
It is characterized by having a step to make it come out
is there. FIG. 8 (a) shows a conventional double support portion 91,
Fender 9 with a beautifully continuous outer peripheral surface at the boundary of 92
Creates a gap C in the bending portion of both supporting portions 91 and 92 when bending.
The reaction force at the maximum point A is generated due to the gap C.
As well as the reaction force after buckling after the maximum point A
Insertion becomes large. On the other hand, for example, FIG.
The boundary between the first support 11 and the second support 12 as shown in FIG.
The outer peripheral surface of the second support portion 12 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the boundary portion by the first support.
A step 14 is formed to protrude outward from the outer peripheral surface of the portion 11 by one step.
In the fender 1 of the present invention provided with the air gap, the air gap generated in the bent portion is provided.
The gap can be reduced or eliminated entirely
The reaction force at the maximum point A can be improved,
A drop in the reaction force after the point A can be suppressed. In addition, the conventional fender 9 is configured such that, after buckling,
The timing at which the outer peripheral surfaces of the portions 91 and 92 come into contact with each other is early
Therefore, the reaction force starts to increase, and the same reaction force value as the maximum point A
The distortion amount D until reaching the point B shown in FIG. to this
On the other hand, in the fender of the present invention, after buckling,
Delay the timing of contact between the outer peripheral surfaces of the contact parts
, The reaction force starts to increase and is the same as the maximum point A
Increase the distortion amount D until the point B indicating the reaction force value is reached
be able to. Therefore, according to the fender of the present invention,
The characteristic curve as close to the ideal as possible
And increase the amount of energy that the fender can absorb
It is possible to improve the efficiency of energy absorption
It works. [0014] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The fender of the present invention will be described in detail below.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B showing an example of the embodiment.
You. As seen in these figures, the fender 1 of this example is illustrated
However, a receiving member such as a receiving plate is attached to the tip.
A cylindrical first support having a constant outer diameter and thickness to be attached
Part 11 and the quay from the base end side of the first support part 11
Spreads in a tapered shape toward the mounting surface Q, with a constant thickness
An empty cone-shaped second support portion 12 and the second support portion 12
Mounting surface Q extended outward from the base end where
The flange 13 having a circular flange shape,
It is integrally formed of any elastic material. According to the present invention, the first support of the above-mentioned respective parts is provided.
On the outer peripheral surface of the boundary between the collision portion 11 and the second support portion 12
2 The outer peripheral surface of the support portion 12 is
A step 14 is provided to protrude outward from the step. Step 1
Although the size of 4 is not particularly limited, as shown in FIG.
Make the inner peripheral surface of the boundary between the contact parts 11 and 12 clean and continuous
The thickness T of both support parts 11 and 12₁, T_TwoRatio
Thus, the size of the step 14 can be defined.
Specifically, the thickness T of the first support 11₁But the second support unit
12 thickness T_Two0.8-0.9 times of
It is preferable to set the size of 14. The thickness T of the first support 11₁Is not in the above range
When full, the step 14 becomes too large,
In addition, the second support portion 12 becomes too thick,
At the substantially center position of the second support portion 12 in the height direction.
Timing at which the inner peripheral surfaces of the bent upper and lower parts contact each other
Instead, the reaction force started to increase and the maximum point
The amount of distortion D until the point B showing the same reaction force value as A is reached is small.
There is a possibility that a problem of becoming smaller may occur. Conversely, the thickness T of the first support 11₁Is on
If the value exceeds the above range, the size of the step 14 is sufficiently obtained.
As described above, due to the step 14, the bending
Reduce or eliminate voids in the part
Therefore, the reaction force at the maximum point A is improved, and
The effect of suppressing the reaction force drop or after buckling,
The timing at which the outer peripheral surfaces of the support portions 11 and 12 come into contact with each other
By delaying, the reaction force starts to increase and is the same as the maximum point A
Increase the distortion amount D until the point B indicating the reaction force value is reached
There is a possibility that a problem that the effect cannot be obtained may occur. Considering these characteristics, the first support
Thickness T of part 11₁Is smaller in the above range,
Thickness T of the second support portion 12_Two0.8 times as large as
New In the above figures, reference numerals 13a ... attach the fender 1
To insert bolts (not shown) for fixing to surface Q
And a through hole formed in the flange 13. Franc
Although not shown, for example, a steel plate
However, a rigid member for reinforcement may be embedded. Also the first
The tip (upper end in the figure) of the support portion 11 also has
For reinforcement and mounting of receiving members such as receiving plates
Buried rigid members such as steel plates for reinforcement
May be. Shapes and dimensions of the fender 1 of the present invention other than those described above
The law is not particularly limited.
Height H₁Is the sum of the heights of both support parts 11 and 12.
The total height H₀0.1 to 0.3 times of
New Also, the tapered mounting surface Q of the second support portion 12
Angle θ₁Is preferably 70 to 80 °. Up
Notation height H₁And angle θ₁Is the total height H₀Is constant, and
Outer diameter D of flange 13 that defines the mounting area on mounting surface Q
_TwoIs constant, indicates a correlation. That is, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the height H of the first support 11₁Of the whole
Height H₀The larger the ratio of the second support unit 12
Angle θ₁Becomes smaller and conversely the height H₁Ratio is small
The angle θ of the second support portion 12₁Becomes larger. The height H of the first support 11₁Is above
Is less than the range or the angle θ₁Exceeds the above range
The second support unit 12 occupies a relatively large
When the reaction force during bending and buckling increases,
In both cases, the timing at which the second support unit 12 starts bending
Or when to buckle, and more
The absorption energy as a whole
Although the energy increases, the first support unit 11 is responsible for the characteristics.
In the constant load area, that is, in the characteristic curve,
The area where the reaction force is almost constant up to the descent and point B is small.
May become unsuitable for use as fenders
is there. Conversely, the height H of the first support 11₁Is on
Above the range or the angle θ₁Is less than the above range
, The relative share of the second support unit 12
Reaction force during bending and buckling is small
In addition, the timing at which the second support portion 12 starts bending
Or when to buckle, and more
As the timing becomes faster, the absorption energy as a whole
Energy tends to decrease. The balance between these characteristics is taken into consideration.
And the height H of the first support portion 11₁Is the total height H₀0.
More preferably, it is about 25 times.
12 taper angle θ₁Is around 72.5 °
Is more preferred. Fender 1 of this example composed of the above parts
Is, for example, an unvulcanized rubber compound and
And is embedded in the tip of the first support portion 11 and the flange 13.
Plate-shaped rigid member in a mold corresponding to the shape of the fender 1
By heating, pressing and vulcanizing the rubber
Manufactured. The structure of the fender according to the present invention has been described above.
The gist of the present invention is not limited to
Various design changes can be made without departing from the scope. [0024] EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below based on Examples and Comparative Examples.
explain. Example 1 Mixture of natural rubber and butadiene rubber in a weight ratio of 6: 4
Rubber compound with rubber as base rubber and thickness 28m
m, one circular flange with an outer diameter of 650 mm and an inner diameter of 270 mm
Steel plate (a rigid member embedded at the tip of the first support portion 11)
And thickness 28mm, outer diameter 1470mm, inner diameter 710mm
One circular flanged steel plate (a rigid body embedded in the flange 13)
Components) in a mold, and heat and pressurize to apply base rubber.
By sulphating, it has the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG.
Each part has the following dimensions and angles.
Port material 1 was manufactured. <Dimensions and angles> Thickness T of first support 11₁= 220mm Thickness T of second support portion 12_Two= 244mm Thickness ratio T₁/ T_Two= 0.9 Height H of first support 11₁= 250mm Overall height H₀= 1000mm Height ratio H₁/ H₀= 0.25 Angle θ of second support unit 12₁= 72.5 ° Outer diameter D of first support 11₁= 680mm Outer diameter D of flange 13_Two= 1500mm Example 2 The same rubber compound as used in Example 1 above,
The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG.
And each part has the following dimensions and angles.
The vehicle-type fender 1 was manufactured. <Dimensions and angles> Thickness T of first support 11₁= 220mm Thickness T of second support portion 12_Two= 275mm Thickness ratio T₁/ T_Two= 0.8 Height H of first support 11₁= 250mm Overall height H₀= 1000mm Height ratio H₁/ H₀= 0.25 Angle θ of second support unit 12₁= 72.5 ° Outer diameter D of first support 11₁= 680mm Outer diameter D of flange 13_Two= 1500mm Example 3 The same rubber compound as used in Example 1;
The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG.
And each part has the following dimensions and angles.
The vehicle-type fender 1 was manufactured. <Dimensions and angles> Thickness T of first support 11₁= 220mm Thickness T of second support portion 12_Two= 244mm Thickness ratio T₁/ T_Two= 0.9 Height H of first support 11₁= 300mm Overall height H₀= 1000mm Height ratio H₁/ H₀= 0.30 Angle θ of second support unit 12₁= 70.0 ° Outer diameter D of first support 11₁= 680mm Outer diameter D of flange 13_Two= 1500mm Example 4 The same rubber compound as used in Example 1;
The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG.
And each part has the following dimensions and angles.
The vehicle-type fender 1 was manufactured. <Dimensions and angles> Thickness T of first support 11₁= 220mm Thickness T of second support portion 12_Two= 244mm Thickness ratio T₁/ T_Two= 0.9 Height H of first support 11₁= 100mm Overall height H₀= 1000mm Height ratio H₁/ H₀= 0.10 Angle θ of second support unit 12₁= 80.0 ° Outer diameter D of first support 11₁= 680mm Outer diameter D of flange 13_Two= 1500mm Comparative Example 1 The same rubber compound as used in Example 1;
Using two circular flange-shaped steel plates, a conventional steel plate shown in FIG.
It has a cross-sectional shape and each part has the following dimensions and angles.
A circle-shaped fender 9 was manufactured. The first support section
As a steel plate embedded at the tip of 91, a thickness of 28 mm,
Those having an outer diameter of 670 mm and an inner diameter of 270 mm were used. <Dimensions and angles> Thickness T of first supporting portion 91₁= 230mm Thickness T of second support portion 92_Two= 230mm Thickness ratio T₁/ T_Two= 1.0 Height H of first support 91₁= 250mm Overall height H₀= 1000mm Height ratio H₁/ H₀= 0.25 Angle θ of second support 92₁= 72.5 ° Outer diameter D of first support portion 91₁= 700mm Outer diameter D of flange 93_Two= 1500mm Comparative Example 2 The same rubber compound as used in Example 1;
Using a circular flange-shaped steel plate, the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG.
Sark having each of the following dimensions and angles
A fender 7 was manufactured. Note that the tip of the first support portion 71
The steel plate embedded in the part has a thickness of 28 mm and an outer diameter of 690
mm and an inner diameter of 270 mm were used. <Dimensions and angles> Thickness T of the tip end side (upper end side in the figure) of the first support portion 71₁₁=
240mm Thickness T on the base end side (lower end side) of the first support portion 71₁₂= 216
mm Thickness T of second support portion 72_Two= 240mm Thickness ratio T₁₁/ T_Two= 1.0 Thickness ratio T₁₂/ T_Two= 0.9 Height H of first support 71₁= 250mm Overall height H₀= 1000mm Height ratio H₁/ H₀= 0.25 Angle θ of second support portion 72₁= 72.5 ° Outer diameter D of first support 71₁= 720mm Outer diameter D of flange 73_Two= 1500mm Table 1 summarizes the main dimensions of the fenders of the above examples and comparative examples.
I did. [0025] [Table 1] Compression test The fender of each of the above embodiments and the comparative example was attached to the tip of the first support portion.
The same diameter and thickness as the first support part, simulating a receiving plate
With a 200 mm spacer attached, 500 tons
Distortion when compressed and fixed to the head of a hydraulic press (pressure
Shrinkage) -Reaction force characteristics were measured. The compression ratio is given by the following equation
Asked by. Compression rate (%) = (H₀-H₀') / H₀× 100 [However, H₀Is the overall height in the initial shape, H₀′ Is pressure
This is the overall height in the collapsed state. ] FIG. 7 shows the results. As shown in the figure, the first support portion 91 of the prior art
Thickness T₁And the thickness T of the second support portion 92_TwoEqual and
The fender 9 of Comparative Example 1 in which the difference is eliminated has a maximum point when bent.
The reaction force at A decreases and buckling occurs after the maximum point A
It turned out that the drop of the later reaction force became large. There
Fig. 8 (b) shows the cross-sectional shape in the bent state.
So that a large gap C is formed at the bent portion of both support portions 91 and 92.
It was confirmed that it had occurred. The fender 9 of Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG.
After buckling, as shown in FIG.
Since the timing of contact between 1a and 92a is early, the reaction force
Turns to increase and reaches the point B which shows the same reaction force value as the maximum point A
The compression ratio corresponding to the distortion amount D before the compression is as small as 60%
It was also confirmed. Also, the first support portion 71 is provided on its outer peripheral surface.
From the base end (lower end in the figure) to the distal end (upper end)
At the tip end
Thickness T₁₁Is the thickness T on the base side by the amount of the taper.₁₂Greater than
FIG. 6B shows the fender 7 of Comparative Example 2 having a sharp cross-sectional shape.
As shown in FIG.
No reaction force after buckling due to no void C in the curved part
Is small, but after buckling, the outer periphery of both support portions 71 and 72
Because the timing of contact between the surfaces 71a and 72a is early,
Point B where the reaction force starts to increase and shows the same reaction value as the maximum point A
The compression rate corresponding to the distortion amount D until the compression reaches 58% is as small as 58%.
It was also confirmed. On the other hand, the fender 1 of the first to fourth embodiments has a
The displacement is also in the bent state as shown in FIGS. 2 (b) to 5 (b).
As a result, no gap C is formed in the bent portions of both the support portions 11 and 12.
It was confirmed that the drop of the reaction force after buckling was small.
Was. In addition, the fenders of each embodiment were both supported after buckling.
Between the outer peripheral surfaces of the collision portions 11 and 12 and the second support portion 12
The inner peripheral surface of the upper and lower parts bent at almost the center position in the vertical direction
The timing of the contact of the technician is later than in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
In order to be able to do so, the reaction force starts to increase and
Compression equivalent to the amount of distortion D until the point B indicating the force value is reached
It has been confirmed that the rate can be increased to about 62-67%.
Was. In each of the embodiments, both the support units 11 and 12
Thickness ratio T₁/ T_TwoExample 1 and Example 2 differing only in
Therefore, the smaller the above ratio, the smaller the absorption energy
Energy can be increased. Further, the above ratio T₁
/ T_TwoAre the same, and the ratio H of the height of the first support 11 is₁/ H
₀And the angle θ of the second support portion 12₁Examples 1 and 3 differing from
And 4, the ratio H₁/ H ₀Is large and the angle
θ₁Is smaller, the overall absorbed energy decreases
And the ratio H₁/ H₀Is small and the angle θ
₁Is larger, the constant load area carried by the first support 11 is smaller.
It was confirmed that it had a tendency to decrease.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of a fender according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a fender of the above example. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a material. FIG. 2 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of the fender according to the first embodiment of the present invention in a normal state without compression, and FIG. 2 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the state which compressed and bent the fender. FIG. 3 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a fender according to a second embodiment of the present invention in a normal state without compression, and FIG. 3 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the state which compressed and bent the fender. FIG. 4A is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a fender according to a third embodiment of the present invention in an uncompressed normal state; FIG. 4B is a longitudinal sectional view of the third embodiment; It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the state which compressed and bent the fender. FIG. 5A is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a fender according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention in an uncompressed normal state, and FIG. 5B is a longitudinal sectional view of the fourth embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the state which compressed and bent the fender. FIG. 6 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of the fender of Comparative Example 2 in a normal state without compression, and FIG. 6 (b).
FIG. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a compressed and bent state of the fender of Comparative Example 2; FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a fender of each embodiment and a comparative example of the present invention.
It is a graph which shows the amount of distortion (compression rate)-reaction force characteristic. FIG. 8 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a fender of Comparative Example 1 which is a conventional example in an uncompressed normal state, and FIG. 8 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view of Comparative Example 1; FIG. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the fender is compressed and bent. FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the amount of strain and the reaction force of a conventional fender and the amount of absorbed energy obtained therefrom. [Description of Signs] 1 Fender 11 First support part 12 Second support part 14 Step Q Mounting surface (quay, etc.)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-11-222833 (JP, A) JP-A-10-1927 (JP, A) JP-A-6-26022 (JP, A) 1129 (JP, B2) EP 92893 (EP, A1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02B 3/26

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] An outer diameter or a diameter at which a receiving member is attached to the tip .
And a cylindrical first support part having a constant thickness and a second conical hollow support part having a constant thickness and extending in a tapered shape from a base end side of the first support part toward a mounting surface such as a quay. And the contact portion is integrally formed of an elastic material.
Is made larger than the thickness of the first supporting portion, so that the outer peripheral surface of the second supporting portion projects outward by one step from the outer peripheral surface of the first supporting portion on the outer peripheral surface at the boundary between the two supporting portions. A fender characterized by the provision of steps.