JP3439701B2 - Production method of wood raw material compost - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing compost used as a fertilizer or a soil improvement material, and more particularly to a method of containing wood as an organic carbon source necessary for humification. The present invention relates to a method for producing a woody raw material compost. 2. Description of the Related Art In general, woody raw material compost refers to compost containing woody materials such as sawdust and wood chips, and is, for example, a compost effectively utilizing woody waste material. [0003] However, in many cases, the woody raw material has an immature interior even though its surface appears to be sufficiently ripe, and if the humus portion of the surface layer is first degraded by microorganisms after application to soil. However, the immature wood inside is exposed, and a large amount of nitrogen in the soil is consumed when the wood is decomposed. Therefore, such a wood-based compost has a risk that the soil will cause so-called nitrogen starvation if the application rate is too large. [0004] Woody materials decompose much slower than the decomposition rates of rice husks, rice straw and fallen leaves, which are the organic carbon sources of ordinary compost. For example, it is said that it takes nearly 30 years for soil microorganisms naturally mixed with soil to ripen sufficiently and decompose, so that soil microorganisms no longer require nitrogen. [0005] Under a composting condition in which the temperature is higher than that of the soil, the rate of decomposition of woody materials such as sawdust increases, but it is still necessary to apply the composted woody materials for 3 to 5 months before the nitrogen is not taken up. It takes about two years. By the way, about 5.5 million tons of coal ash is generated annually in Japan due to the operation of thermal power plants.
Fly ash accounts for 0%. Fly ash has been used as an additive to cement in an amount of 50 to 60% of its generation. On the other hand, clinker ash is used not only for civil engineering purposes such as road subgrade materials, but is also directly sprayed directly as an acidic soil improver. [0007] As described above, it is not always preferable to use a wood raw material as an organic carbon source when producing compost in order to produce good compost in a short period of time. However, it was not easy to ripen the raw wood compost in a short period of time without causing nitrogen starvation. [0008] Further, the above-mentioned problems associated with composting of woody materials become particularly apparent when using wood chips such as felled wood chips containing a hardly decomposable wood core. [0009] On the other hand, fly ash and clinker ash, which are a kind of coal ash, are strongly alkaline and, therefore, are limited in the fields where they can be effectively used. [0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to make it possible to produce a sufficiently mature woody compost in a short period of time. Also,
The purpose is to enable effective utilization of coal ash generated by a by-product of a thermal power plant or the like, thereby obtaining a woody raw material compost having a high fertilizer effect. [0011] To solve the above problems BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, for the carbon source consisting of chip material 1 m ^3, as the water and nitrogen sources poultry 25~50kg
And add 25-150 kg of clinker
And, the mixture can be employed a method of manufacturing a wood raw material compost you humification is fermented in the atmosphere. In the method for producing a woody raw material compost of the present invention,
By admixing coal ash such as click <br/> linker to water and nitrogen source as a carbon source of organic containing wood, 2 0
The nitrate nitrogen content and the carbon ratio of the compost fermented over about one week to thirty weeks can be induced to preferable values, and the desired maturity can be sufficiently advanced. Although the reason why the rate of humification is increased by the addition of coal ash has not yet been sufficiently proved, the inside of the compost can be heated to 60 to 80 ° C., particularly during the initial stage of cellulose decomposition by microbial fermentation. It is considered that the porous coal ash acts like a catalyst at that time, and the decomposition of organic matter by the thermochemical reaction is likely to occur on the surface of the coal ash. In addition, since coal ash exhibits alkalinity, by adding and mixing the same, it is possible to neutralize the organic acid generated by fermentation and adjust the pH of the entire compost raw material to the alkali side, thereby weakening It is also considered that a favorable growth environment for microorganisms that prefer an alkaline environment has been created. Further, woody materials such as wood chips and sawdust have a high carbon content, and it is necessary to add a nitrogen component in order to ripen this. In the above-mentioned method for producing a woody raw material compost, when chicken manure is used as a nitrogen source, not only nitrogen, which tends to be insufficient as a compost component, but also the contents of phosphoric acid and calcium can be sufficiently increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION organic carbon source comprising wood used in this invention, Chi-up member of any woody or Ranaru organic carbon source
In addition, weeds and other plant matter such as rice hulls, rice straw, bamboo grass, fallen leaves, pampas grass, or organic matter derived from living things such as cattle, horses, pigs, livestock droppings such as chickens, Conventionally usable materials may be used in combination, for example, composting of city garbage. It is preferable that the woody material such as chip material is fiberized using a crusher in order to accelerate the microbial decomposition as quickly as possible. In order to industrially produce such fiberized wood, it is preferable to use a crusher having a crushing function called a tab grinder. The nitrogen source used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and in addition to particularly preferable chicken dung, well-known fertilizers such as urea fertilizer and lime nitrogen fertilizer can be used. The coal ash used in the present invention refers to the ash content of coal, that is, the pyrolysis or oxidation product of coal.
Usually, ash remaining after burning coal. A large amount of coal ash is produced as coal ash waste (clinker ash or fly ash) from thermal power plants, so it is used to effectively utilize resources and provide stable quality soil improvement materials. Is preferred. The clinker (also referred to as clinker) in the present invention is a coal ash that is formed into a lump when coal is calcined, and a portion having a low melting point in the coal is melted and solidified as a whole. , And fly ash. It is preferable to use such a clinker having a particle size of about 5 mm or less in order to uniformly mix and effectively act. The water to be added to the mixture in the present invention is
The amount of water required for the decomposition of organic matter such as microbial fermentation,
An appropriate amount of water is replenished to such an extent that the compost does not dry and water components such as nitrogen and potassium do not flow away. Also, if excess water is present in the compost, the growth of aerobic microorganisms is hindered and the activity of only anaerobic bacteria is activated, so that water squeezed out from the lower part of the compost by the weight of the compost is drained appropriately. It is preferable to use an embanked base, a concrete composter, a basin-shaped drainage stand, or the like. The organic carbon source and coal ash are mixed and hydrated to cause sugar decomposition, cellulose decomposition, and lignin decomposition by natural fermentation. In particular, fermentation heat is generated during the sugar decomposition period and the cellulose decomposition period. . Fermentation heat is generated in the process of decomposing organic materials as raw materials by aerobic microorganisms adhering to the atmosphere, organic carbon sources, and the like. A preferable temperature condition in the compost controlled by using such fermentation heat is about 60 to 80 ° C. This is because a fermentation reaction is slow at a low temperature of less than 60 ° C., and if it is heated to more than 80 ° C., the growth of microorganisms is deteriorated and the fermentation does not proceed. [0025] Incidentally, during the sugar decomposition stage in the early stage of the maturation process of organic substances, relatively easily decomposable substances such as proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates are decomposed. At this time, aerobic filamentous fungi and bacteria act. I do. Then, in the cellulose decomposition period,
High-temperature aerobic actinomycetes such as Thermoactinomyces, which degrade hemicellulose, and cellulolytic bacteria grow and generate fermentation heat. After that time, the temperature decreases, and lignin is decomposed by basidiomycetes and the like. The wood as a carbon source of organic, click <br/> linker of coal ash, nitrogen source and preferred mixing ratio of the manure of which, in a state where for example the fiber is triturated with a wood was loosened chip In the case of wood, 1 m ³ (about 500 kg if the specific gravity is about 0.5) is
~ 150kg (preferably clinker 25 ~ 150k
g) , a nitrogen source of 5 to 20 kg (preferably urea of 5 to 10 k)
g, lime nitrogen 10-20 kg, chicken dung 25-50 kg). [0027] In a small amount proportion of the coal ash is less than the predetermined range mentioned above, almost no effect of compost maturity accelerated, when a large amount exceeding the predetermined range, water retention becomes poor in click linker, in these cases Is not preferred because it inhibits the growth of microorganisms. If the compounding ratio of the nitrogen source is less than the above-mentioned predetermined range, a shortage of nitrogen constituting the body of microorganisms proliferating at the time of fermentation will be caused, and fermentation will be inferior. When high temperature fermentation continues for a long time in the early stage of fermentation, mineralization of nitrogen content progresses violently,
The nitrogen content taken up by microorganisms does not increase to the same extent,
As a result, a phenomenon in which nitrogen added as a fermentation promoter is released into the atmosphere as ammonia gas and is not effectively used occurs, which is not preferable. Examples and Comparative Examples [Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to
As 6] carbon source, chip material (specific gravity about 0.5) loosened fibers by crushing to grinding the wood waste material in tab grinder, Table 1 nitrogen sources and coal ash (clinker)
And then put it into a composting device of the forced supply and exhaust system (Kawatetsu Shoji Co., Ltd .: Nutrition kun, a device in which a porous pipe connected to a supply and exhaust pump is buried in a cylindrical sheet cladding frame). By adding water so that the water content of the mixed material becomes about 70%, and performing forced aeration every 10 minutes / 3 hours by a supply / exhaust pump to aerobically ferment, the internal temperature of the mixture is reduced for one week. The temperature was kept at 65 to 75 ° C over a period of time. After aerobic fermentation by adjusting the water content and forced aeration so that the internal temperature is 55 to 75 ° C. for 4 to 5 months, it is preferable that the internal temperature drop to 50 to 40 ° C. It was confirmed that the initial fermentation was completed. Thereafter, the compost having been subjected to aerobic fermentation was carried out from the composting apparatus, and was post-ripened for about 2 to 5 months in a piled state to produce compost. [Table 1] The compositions of the clinker ash used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows. Clinker ash: SiO ₂ 40-75
%, Al ₂ O ₃ 15 to 35%, Fe ₂ O ₃ 2 to 20%,
CaO 1-10%. During the test period of Examples and Comparative Examples in which compost is manufactured under the above conditions, the progress of ripening was examined to
The total carbon content and total nitrogen content were examined by a dry combustion method, the carbon ratio (C / N ratio) was calculated, and the ammonia nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content were measured by the Bremner method. Also,
After 10 months, the total amount of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ %) was measured by the quinoline gravimetric method, and the total amount of potassium (K ₂ O%) and total calcium (CaO
%) Was measured. Further, a compost sample having a fermentation time of 5, 7 or 10 months was subjected to a seedling test according to a soil culture material test method. The results of these tests are as follows. That is, as is clear from the results shown in the charts of FIGS. 1 and 4, in comparison with the comparative example, the working examples of the present invention showed a higher nitrate nitrogen content (NO _3- N, mg / 100 g). In particular, in Examples 2 and 3, it can be seen that the content of nitrate nitrogen is remarkably increased, and the maturation is rapidly progressing. As is clear from the results shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the carbon ratio of the Example in the 22nd to 31st weeks was lower than that of the Comparative Example, indicating that You can see that it is progressing. [Table 2] As is clear from the results in Table 2,
In the compost of Example 3 in which coal ash and chicken manure were added in combination,
The contents of phosphorus, potassium and calcium are remarkably high, and it is understood that the use of chicken manure is appropriate for sufficiently supplying these essential components of fertilizer to plants. Next, FIGS. 3 and 6 show the change over time of the PQ value which is known to be able to determine the quality of humus. Here, the PQ value is also referred to as the sediment ratio, as described in Kyoichi Kumada, “Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter”, pp. 124-127.
The ratio (%) of humic acid in the humus extracted using aOH or Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ as a solvent is a value represented by the following formula. PQ value (%) = [a / (a + b)] × 100 (where a and b are 0.1 N KMnO ₄ consumption of humic acid and fulvic acid each corresponding to 1 g of compost (ml)
It is. As is clear from the results shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the PQ value of Example 1 or Example 3 was lower than that of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 from the 22nd week of the test period. It increased remarkably over the 31st week, indicating that physical properties having high contents of humic acid and fulvic acid useful for growing plants were obtained in a short period of time. Next, in the seedling test, 30 to 70 seedlings of "Sirona" (Brassicaceae) were placed in soil mixed with a certain amount of compost immediately after aerobic fermentation, and 2 or 5 months after laying.
Example 3: Growing for 40 days in a greenhouse controlled at room temperature of 25 ° C. ± 5 ° C. in an environment where watering is appropriately performed without shading.
The growth amount (combined weight of the above-ground part and the root system) of the composts of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 was compared. In order to exclude the influence of the water content, the growth amount was also measured for two weeks under light-shielded conditions and ventilation conditions allowing outside air to enter. In addition, "Sirona" was grown under exactly the same conditions except that the same amount of ordinary compost (without the addition of coal ash) was mixed as a control, and its growth amount (total weight of the above-ground part and root system) Example 3 in a case where is set to 100%
Table 3 shows the biological weights of Comparative Examples 5 and 6. [Table 3] As is clear from the results in Table 3, the biomass weight of the compost of Example 3 having a high PQ value is higher than that of Comparative Examples 5 and 6, and the PQ value is high (63.3 or more). The compost of Example 1 has a high plant growing ability. From these facts, it could be confirmed by the seedling test test that compost having a higher fertilizer effect was produced by adding coal ash to the compost and humifying the compost, as compared with the case where organic matter was simply composted. As described above, the present invention provides a compost in which water, a nitrogen source and coal ash are mixed with an organic carbon source including wood, and this mixture is fermented in the air to produce humus. , The nitrate nitrogen content and carbon ratio of the compost fermented in a relatively short period of about 20 to 30 weeks can be induced to favorable values, which has a favorable effect on plant growth. There is an advantage that a sufficiently mature woody compost can be produced in a short period of time. [0049] In the manufacturing method of the wood raw material compost of the invention, click <br/> linker or Ranaru coal ash large amount generated by-products, such as thermal power plants can be effectively used, thereby resulting fertilizer There is also an advantage that it becomes a highly effective compost. In the above-mentioned method for producing a woody raw material compost, in the invention in which chicken manure is used as the nitrogen source, in addition to the above-mentioned advantages, not only the nitrogen, which tends to be insufficient as a compost component, but also the contents of phosphoric acid and calcium are reduced. There is also an advantage that can be sufficiently increased.

[Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a chart showing the relationship between nitrate nitrogen content and composting period. FIG. 2 is a chart showing a relationship between a carbon ratio and a composting period. FIG. 3 is a chart showing the relationship between PQ value and composting period. FIG. 4 is a table showing the relationship between nitrate nitrogen content and composting period. FIG. 5 is a chart showing the relationship between carbon ratio and composting period. FIG. 6 is a chart showing the relationship between PQ value and composting period.

(72) Inventor Toshio Furuya 3-3-22 Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (72) Inventor Masaaki Sugimoto 3-2-2, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroo Otsuka 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe City Inside the Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University (72) Inventor Nobuhide Fujitake 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe City Inside the Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University (72) Inventor Takeshi Suzuki Kobe 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe University Inside of Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University (72) Inventor Shotaro Okamoto 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe City Inside of Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University (72) Hiroichi Ujihara No. 1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe City 1 Kobe University Faculty of Agriculture (56) References JP-A-9-99279 (JP, A) JP-A-9-74899 (JP, A) JP-A-51-33071 (JP, A) JP-A-53-109987 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C05B 1/00-C05G 5/00

Claims (1)

(57) Patent Claims 1. A against the carbon source consisting of chip material 1 m ³
Te, mixed manure 25~50kg as water and nitrogen sources
And further the clinker 25~150kg were added and mixed, the mixture method of manufacturing a wood raw material compost you humification is fermented in the atmosphere.