JP3454838B2 - Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JP3454838B2 JP3454838B2 JP35805391A JP35805391A JP3454838B2 JP 3454838 B2 JP3454838 B2 JP 3454838B2 JP 35805391 A JP35805391 A JP 35805391A JP 35805391 A JP35805391 A JP 35805391A JP 3454838 B2 JP3454838 B2 JP 3454838B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- current collector
- fuel cell
- electrolyte membrane
- polymer electrolyte
- solid polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/025—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form semicylindrical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、内部抵抗を低減できる
燃料電池用多孔質集電体を用いた固体高分子電解質膜型
燃料電池に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using a porous current collector for a fuel cell capable of reducing internal resistance.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来型の燃料電池の斜視構成図を図１に
示す。符号１０は、電解質膜でその両側に設けられたア
ノードおよびカソードの電極２０からなる単位電池が集
電体３０に挟まれ、それぞれの集電体に集電端子４０が
接続され、１つのセルが構成され、このセルがセパレー
タを介して積層されている。なお、符号５０はフッ素ゴ
ム（例えば、デュポン社製バイトン）からなるＯリン
グ、符号６０はフッ素ゴム（例えば、デュポン社製バイ
トン）からなる平型パッキング、符号７０はステンレス
（例えば、ＳＵＳ３０４）製のホルダー、符号８０は端
子である。各集電体上で燃料ガス（例えば、水素）と酸
化剤ガス（例えば、酸素）との酸化還元反応が起こるよ
うにするため、集電体にはガスの流路用溝が形成されて
いることが多い。2. Description of the Related Art A perspective view of a conventional fuel cell is shown in FIG. Reference numeral 10 denotes an electrolyte membrane, and a unit cell including anode and cathode electrodes 20 provided on both sides of the electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between current collectors 30, and current collector terminals 40 are connected to the respective current collectors. The cells are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween. Reference numeral 50 is an O-ring made of fluororubber (for example, DuPont Viton), reference numeral 60 is flat packing made of fluororubber (for example, DuPont Viton), and reference numeral 70 is made of stainless steel (for example, SUS304). The holder, reference numeral 80, is a terminal. In order to cause a redox reaction between a fuel gas (for example, hydrogen) and an oxidant gas (for example, oxygen) on each current collector, a gas passage groove is formed in the current collector. Often.
【０００３】反応ガスは、燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスからな
り、集電体の流路から供給され、このような反応ガスの
供給の結果、電気化学的反応の進行にともない電子が発
生し、この電子を外部回路から取り出すことにより、電
気エネルギーを発生する。The reaction gas is composed of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and is supplied from the flow path of the current collector. As a result of the supply of the reaction gas, electrons are generated as the electrochemical reaction progresses. Electric energy is generated by taking out electrons from an external circuit.
【０００４】このときに、集電体と電極および集電体と
集電端子間に、接触抵抗があり、これが燃料電池全体の
内部抵抗を大きくしてしまう原因となる。また、この集
電体は、燃料ガス、酸化剤ガスにさらされるので、耐蝕
性に優れたものでなければならないが、従来のものでは
この点で不充分である。一方、電極と集電体界面での水
素吸着能の向上は、電池の性能向上につながるが、従
来、これに効果のあるような試みはなされていない。At this time, there is a contact resistance between the current collector and the electrode and between the current collector and the current collector terminal, which causes an increase in the internal resistance of the entire fuel cell. Further, since the current collector is exposed to the fuel gas and the oxidant gas, it has to be excellent in corrosion resistance, but the conventional one is insufficient in this respect. On the other hand, the improvement of hydrogen adsorption ability at the interface between the electrode and the current collector leads to the improvement of battery performance, but hitherto no attempt has been made to have an effect on this.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、以上のよう
な従来の技術を背景になされたものであり、内部抵抗を
小さくでき、耐蝕性に優れ、かつ水素吸着能が向上した
多孔質集電体を用いた固体高分子電解質膜燃料電池を提
供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made against the background of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, and it is possible to reduce the internal resistance, the corrosion resistance is excellent, and the hydrogen adsorption capacity is improved.
It is intended to provide a solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using a porous current collector.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、炭素質材料か
らなる多孔質集電体の電極と接する表面に導電性と耐蝕
性に優れる金属をコーティングしてなる多孔質集電体を
有する固体高分子電解質膜型燃料電池を提供するもので
ある。上記多孔質集電体の集電体端子と接する表面に
も、導電性と耐蝕性に優れる金属をコーティングしても
よい。上記金属は、白金、金、イリジウム、ロジウム、
ルテニウムおよびパラジウムの群から選ばれた少なくと
も１種であることが好ましい。Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has a porous collector made by coating a metal excellent in conductivity and corrosion resistance on the surface in contact with the electrodes of the porous collector made of carbonaceous material A solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is provided. On the surface of the porous current collector in contact with the current collector terminal
Even if it is coated with a metal that has excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance
Good. The above metals are platinum, gold, iridium, rhodium,
It is preferably at least one selected from the group of ruthenium and palladium.
【０００７】本発明において、炭素質材料からなる多孔
質集電体の材質および形状などは、特に限定されるもの
ではないが、例えば多孔質炭素焼結体、カーボンペーパ
ー、カーボンクロスなどが好ましい。また、コーティン
グに供される金属としては、導電性と耐蝕性に優れるも
のが用いられるが、白金、金、イリジウム、ロジウム、
ルテニウム、パラジウムが挙げられ、これらを単独ある
いは２種以上組み合わせて用いられる。In the present invention, a porous material made of carbonaceous material
Etc. The material and shape of the quality collector, but are not particularly limited, for example, a porous carbon sintered body, carbon paper, carbon cloth are preferred. As the metal used for coating, those having excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance are used, but platinum, gold, iridium, rhodium,
Examples thereof include ruthenium and palladium, which may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
【０００８】コーティングの方法としては、スパッタリ
ング法、蒸着法、あるいはメッキ法などが挙げられ、こ
のようにしてコーティングすることにより、金属膜が多
孔質集電体表面に密着して形成される。金属層の厚み
は、０．０５〜２μｍ程度が好ましい。As a method for coating, sputtering, vapor deposition, or plating or the like can be mentioned, by coating in this manner, the metal film is a multi
It is formed in close contact with the surface of the porous current collector. The thickness of the metal layer is preferably about 0.05 to 2 μm.
【０００９】このようにして金属をコーティングされた
多孔質集電体は、導電性、耐蝕性に優れた金属を用いて
いるので、内部抵抗を小さくすることができ、耐蝕性に
も優れる。また、多孔質集電体と触媒層の界面に金属が
入り込むため、水素吸着能も向上する。The metal was coated in this way
Since the porous current collector uses a metal having excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, the internal resistance can be reduced and the corrosion resistance is also excellent. Further, since the metal enters the interface between the porous current collector and the catalyst layer, the hydrogen adsorption ability is also improved.
【００１０】次に、本発明の燃料電池は、上記のような
多孔質集電体を用いたことを特徴とし、固体高分子電解
質膜、その両側に正極と負極、さらに正極、負極の外側
に多孔質集電体およびこれと接して集電端子を１つのセ
ルとして有する。本発明の燃料電池としては、例えば図
１に示す燃料電池の集電体を本発明の多孔質集電体に置
き換えたものを挙げることができる。そして、通常、こ
のセルは、セパレータを介して積層される。Next, the fuel cell of the present invention is as described above.
Using a porous current collector, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a positive electrode and a negative electrode on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a positive electrode, a porous current collector outside the negative electrode, and a current collecting terminal in contact with the cell to form one cell. Have as. Examples of the fuel cell of the present invention include those in which the current collector of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 1 is replaced with the porous current collector of the present invention. Then, usually, the cells are stacked via a separator.
【００１１】なお、本発明の固体高分子電解質膜として
は、ポリパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸などが好まし
い。また、固体高分子電解質膜の膜厚は、おおよそ５０
〜２００μｍ程度である。本発明の燃料電池は、多孔質
集電体の少なくとも電極と接する表面が導電および耐蝕
性に優れる金属でコーティングされていることが特徴で
あり、これにより接触抵抗が低減され、耐蝕性に優れて
いるのであり、この特徴が生かされているものであれ
ば、上述の例に限定されるものではなく、どのような形
式の燃料電池でもよい。The solid polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention is preferably polyperfluorocarbon sulfonic acid or the like. The thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is about 50.
It is about 200 μm. The fuel cell of the present invention is characterized in that at least the surface of the porous current collector in contact with the electrode is coated with a metal having excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, which reduces contact resistance and corrosion resistance. The fuel cell is not limited to the above-mentioned example as long as it is excellent in this property and this feature is utilized, and any type of fuel cell may be used.
【００１２】本発明においては、多孔質集電体の少なく
とも電極と接する表面に導電性および耐蝕性に優れる金
属をコーティングしているので、多孔質集電体と電極と
の接触面での接触抵抗を低減することができ、電池の内
部抵抗を小さくすることができ、また耐蝕性の向上も図
ることができる。さらに、多孔質集電体と電極の界面に
金属が入り込み、これにより水素吸着能を向上させるこ
とができる。In the present invention, the number of porous current collectors is reduced.
Because both coating the metal with excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance on the surface in contact with the electrode, and the porous current collector and the electrodes
It is possible to reduce the contact resistance at the contact touch surface, it is possible to reduce the internal resistance of the battery, and may also be achieved improvement in corrosion resistance. Further, the metal enters the interface between the porous current collector and the electrode, whereby the hydrogen adsorption ability can be improved.
【００１３】以下に実施例を挙げ、本発明を説明する
が、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではな
い。
実施例１
多孔質カーボン板からなる集電体に、白金をスパッタリ
ングにより厚み０．１μｍになるようにコーティングし
た。この多孔質集電体を用い、図２に示すようなセルを
組み、発電を行った。なお、図２において、各符号は図
１と同様であり、符号１０は固体高分子電解質膜、符号
２０は電極、符号３０は集電体、符号４０は集電体端子
であり、また符号９０はこの集電体３０の電極および集
電体端子と接する表面にコーティングされた金属コーテ
ィング膜である。The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 A current collector made of a porous carbon plate was coated with platinum by sputtering so as to have a thickness of 0.1 μm. Using this porous current collector, a cell as shown in FIG. 2 was assembled to generate electricity. 2, reference numerals are the same as those in FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 is a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, reference numeral 20 is an electrode, reference numeral 30 is a collector, reference numeral 40 is a collector terminal, and reference numeral 90. Is a metal coating film coated on the surface of the current collector 30 in contact with the electrodes and the current collector terminals.
【００１４】このとき、集電体−集電端子間、および集
電体−電極間の接触抵抗と集電体自身の抵抗の和（以
下、単に「抵抗」と記す）Ｒは、Ｒ＝（Ｖ1−Ｖ2）／Ａ
で表される。そこで、コーティングしたときの抵抗をＲ
1、コーティングしないときの抵抗をＲ2とし、電流密度
を変えてＲ1／Ｒ2を測定した。結果を図３に示す。図３
より、集電体に金属をコーティングすることにより、抵
抗が１／２程度に減少することが分かる。At this time, the sum of the contact resistance between the current collector-current collector terminal and between the current collector-electrode and the resistance of the current collector itself (hereinafter simply referred to as "resistance") R is R = ( V 1 -V 2) / A
It is represented by. Therefore, the resistance when coated is R
1 , R 2 was the resistance without coating, and R 1 / R 2 was measured while changing the current density. The results are shown in Fig. 3. Figure 3
From this, it can be seen that the resistance is reduced to about 1/2 by coating the current collector with a metal.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】本発明の固体高分子電解質膜型燃料電池
は、炭素質材料からなる多孔質集電体の少なくとも電極
と接する表面に導電性と耐蝕性に優れる金属をコーティ
ングしてなる集電体を有するため、耐蝕性が向上し、内
部抵抗を小さくすることでき、さらには多孔質集電体−
触媒層界面における水素吸着能を向上させることができ
る。Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell of the present invention exhibits, at least electrodes of the porous collector made of carbonaceous material
Because having a surface made by coating a metal with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance to the current collector in contact with, improved corrosion resistance, can reduce the internal resistance, more porous collector -
The hydrogen adsorption capacity at the catalyst layer interface can be improved.
【図１】燃料電池の斜視構成図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective configuration diagram of a fuel cell.
【図２】実施例１で用いられるセルの断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cell used in Example 1.
【図３】実施例１における測定結果を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 3 is a graph showing measurement results in Example 1.
１０ 固体高分子電解質膜 ２０ 電極 ３０ 集電体 ４０ 集電端子 ９０ 金属コーティング膜 10 Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 20 electrodes 30 current collector 40 collector terminal 90 Metal coating film
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−128558（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−309263（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−269955（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭53−102278（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平２−250265（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−79783（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−161265（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H01M 8/02 H01M 8/10 H01M 4/86 - H10M 4/98 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A 63-128558 (JP, A) JP-A 1-309263 (JP, A) JP-A 3-269955 (JP, A) JP-A 53- 102278 (JP, A) JP-A-2-250265 (JP, A) JP-A-3-79783 (JP, A) JP-A-58-161265 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) H01M 8/02 H01M 8/10 H01M 4/86-H10M 4/98
Claims (3)
と接する表面に導電性と耐蝕性に優れる金属をコーティ
ングしてなる多孔質集電体を有する固体高分子電解質膜
型燃料電池。1. A porous current collector of electrodes made of carbonaceous material
Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell having a porous collector made by coating a metal with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance on the surface in contact with.
体端子と接する表面に導電性と耐蝕性に優れる金属をコ
ーティングしてなる請求項１記載の固体高分子電解質膜
型燃料電池。 2. A current collector of a porous current collector made of a carbonaceous material
A metal with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance is coated on the surface that contacts the body terminal.
The solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein
Type fuel cell.
ム、ルテニウムおよびパラジウムの群から選ばれた少な
くとも１種である請求項１または２記載の固体高分子電
解質膜型燃料電池。Wherein the metal is platinum, gold, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and palladium polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35805391A JP3454838B2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35805391A JP3454838B2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05182679A JPH05182679A (en) | 1993-07-23 |
| JP3454838B2 true JP3454838B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 |
Family
ID=18457296
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35805391A Expired - Lifetime JP3454838B2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3454838B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3540491B2 (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 2004-07-07 | 政廣 渡辺 | Fuel cell, electrolytic cell and cooling / dehumidifying method thereof |
| JP3583897B2 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2004-11-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| JP4707786B2 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 2011-06-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of gas separator for fuel cell |
| JP5047408B2 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2012-10-10 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Stainless steel or titanium separator for polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| JP4781516B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2011-09-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Fuel cell and power source using the fuel cell |
| KR20070119905A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell system comprising same |
| JP2008004492A (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2008-01-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Composite layer-coated porous plate with little increase in contact resistance even when exposed to an oxidizing environment for a long time |
| JP2007128908A (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2007-05-24 | Riken Corp | Cell unit of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| KR102155871B1 (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2020-09-15 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | High capacity micro-supercapacitor, manufacturing method for high capacity micro-supercapacitor and forming method for current collector |
-
1991
- 1991-12-27 JP JP35805391A patent/JP3454838B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05182679A (en) | 1993-07-23 |
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