JP3480106B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring preload of gear meshing unit - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gear meshing unit preload measuring method and apparatus capable of measuring the preload of each shaft having gears meshing with each other while the gears are meshed. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a gear meshing unit having a shaft in which gears meshing with each other are installed in an automobile transmission and the like. In this transmission,
The gears mounted on the secondary shaft and the differential shaft are always in mesh with each other, and the rotational force is transmitted from the secondary shaft to the differential shaft at a predetermined reduction ratio.

However, since the secondary shaft and the differential shaft are rotatably supported by the transmission case via the tapered roller bearings, the rotational resistance of the respective shafts is caused by the axial tightening pressure of the tapered roller bearings. Will change. Therefore, it is necessary to install the taper roller bearing with an appropriate tightening pressure and set the rotational load (preload) of each shaft within a predetermined range. There is a demand for individual measurement and confirmation in the meshed state.

Therefore, in order to meet such a demand,
For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-24433, one of the secondary shaft and the differential shaft is rotationally driven at a rotation speed such that the peripheral speed of the gear is constant, and the other shaft is rotated. Is rotationally driven at a rotational speed that gradually increases so that the peripheral speed of the shaft gear changes from a peripheral speed lower than the peripheral speed of the one gear to a peripheral speed, and the one shaft reverses from drive to driven. It is known that the torque of the shaft at this time is measured by a torque measuring means as a preload of the shaft,
It is known.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, the timing when one shaft reverses from driving to driven is instantaneous such as 1/1000 rpm. Therefore, the torque measuring means is actually used. It was very difficult to measure.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to continuously measure the rotational speed and torque of one shaft and to differentiate the rotational speed and torque of the one shaft. Then, by converting the torque rate into a line segment that tilts at a predetermined angle, the timing at which one shaft reverses from drive to driven is measured based on the angle of inclination of the torque rate (line segment). Is to measure easily.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a solution means provided by the invention as set forth in claim 1 is a gear meshing unit for measuring preloads of two shafts respectively equipped with gears meshing with each other. As a preload measurement method of, one of the two shafts is rotated at a rotation speed such that the peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft is constant, and the other shaft is rotated at a peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft. Rotation is performed from a peripheral speed lower than the peripheral speed of the one gear to a higher peripheral speed. At this time, the rotational speed and the torque of the one shaft are continuously measured, and at the same time, the rotational speed and the torque of the one shaft are differentiated to calculate the torque rate of the one shaft. After that, this torque rate is converted into a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle as a change rate of the torque with respect to the rotation speed of one shaft, and the torque at the point where the inclination angle of this line segment becomes zero is used as the preload of one shaft.

[0008] The solving means taken by the invention of claim 2 is
As a preload measuring method of a gear meshing unit for measuring each preload of two shafts with gears meshing with each other, one of the two shafts is used so that the peripheral speed of the gears of the shafts is constant. While rotating at a different rotation speed, the other shaft is rotated so that the peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft becomes a peripheral speed lower than the peripheral speed of the one gear. At this time, the rotational speed and the torque of the one shaft are continuously measured, and at the same time, the rotational speed and the torque of the one shaft are differentiated to calculate the torque rate of the one shaft. After that, the torque rate is converted into a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle as a change rate of the torque with respect to the rotation speed of one shaft, and the inclination angle of the line segment is changed from a point near the point where the inclination angle of the line segment becomes zero. The torque at the point where the angle is changed is used as the preload for one axis.

Further, the solution means taken by the invention according to claim 3 is a preload measuring device of a gear meshing unit for measuring each preload of two shafts respectively equipped with gears meshing with each other. First rotation drive means for rotating one of the shafts at a rotational speed such that the peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft is constant, and for the other shaft, the peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft is the peripheral speed of one gear. Second rotation drive means for rotating from a lower peripheral speed to a higher peripheral speed,
A rotation speed measuring means for continuously measuring the rotation speed of the one shaft, a torque measuring means for continuously measuring the torque of the one shaft, and a signal from both the measuring means, and A torque rate calculating means for continuously differentiating the rotation speed and the torque to calculate the torque rate of one shaft, and a torque rate calculated by the torque rate calculating means is predetermined as a rate of change of the torque with respect to the rotation speed of the one shaft. A torque rate conversion means for converting the angle of inclination into a line segment, and a torque at a point for changing the angle of inclination of the line segment to a different angle of inclination from one point near the point where the angle of inclination of the line of the torque rate becomes zero. And a preload measuring means for preloading the same.

[0010]

With the above construction, in the invention according to claim 1,
When measuring the preload of one of the two shafts with gears that mesh with each other, rotate one shaft at a rotation speed that keeps the peripheral speed of the gear constant while rotating the other shaft. , The peripheral speed of the gear of the other shaft is changed from the peripheral speed of the one gear to a peripheral speed lower than the peripheral speed of the one gear, and at this time, the rotational speed and torque of the one shaft are continuously changed. The torque rate of the one shaft is calculated by differentiating while measuring, and the torque rate is converted into a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle as a rate of change of the torque with respect to the rotation speed of the one shaft. After that, when the peripheral speed of the gear of one shaft exceeds the peripheral speed of the gear of the other shaft, the timing when one shaft reverses from driving to driven, that is, the inclination angle of the line segment (torque rate) becomes zero. By setting the torque at that point as the preload of the one shaft, the preload of the one shaft can be easily measured.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the torque at a point at which the inclination angle of the line segment of the torque rate becomes zero to a different inclination angle from a point near the point is set as a preload for one of the shafts. The axis preload is easily and accurately measured.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, the calculated value obtained by continuously differentiating the rotation speed and the torque of one shaft is converted into a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle, so that the inclination angle of this line segment is zero. The torque at the point where the inclination angle changes from the vicinity of that point to a different inclination angle can be easily and accurately measured as the preload of one axis, and as the preload measurement device, a new torque rate calculation means and torque rate conversion means are newly provided. Further, by simply adding a preload measuring means, the structure is simple without being complicated.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 shows a preload measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The preload of the secondary shaft 3 in the transmission 2 as a gear meshing unit of a front-wheel drive vehicle is measured. In the transmission 2, the secondary shaft 3, the primary shaft 5, and the differential shaft 6 are arranged in parallel at predetermined positions of the transmission case 4, and the shafts 3, 5, 6 are formed by taper roller bearings 7 ,. It is rotatably supported.

The secondary shaft 3 and the primary shaft 5 are provided with a combination of a plurality of meshing gears having different gear ratios, which are not shown in the drawing but have corresponding gears meshing with each other. By selecting one of the combinations of the meshing gears, the rotational force is transmitted at a predetermined reduction ratio. Further, the secondary shaft 3 has
A small-diameter secondary gear 3a that constantly meshes with a large-diameter differential gear 6a that is fixed to the differential shaft 6 is fixed, so that the rotational force is transmitted from the secondary shaft 3 to the differential shaft 6 at a predetermined reduction ratio. Has become.

Then, in the above preload measuring device 1,
A layout for measuring the preload of the secondary shaft 3 as one shaft of the secondary shaft 3 and the differential shaft 6 that cannot rotate in a single rotation due to the constant meshing of the gears 3a and 6a described above will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the preload measuring apparatus 1 has a first rotation driving means 11 for rotating the secondary shaft 3 at a rotational speed such that the peripheral speed of the secondary gear 3a becomes constant. And a second rotation drive means 12 for rotating the differential shaft 6 as the other shaft so that the peripheral speed of the differential gear 6a is changed from a peripheral speed lower than that of the secondary gear 3a to a peripheral speed higher than the peripheral speed of the secondary gear 3a; Shaft 3
Rotation speed sensor 13 as a rotation speed measuring means for continuously measuring the rotation speed rpm., A torque meter 14 as a torque measuring means for continuously measuring the torque T of the secondary shaft 3, and the torque meter 14 Signal T from
An oscillometer 15 that displays (torque) in a waveform, and signals from the rotation speed sensor 13 and the oscillometer 14,
That is, the torque rate dT of the secondary shaft 3 is obtained by continuously differentiating the rotation speed θ from the rotation speed sensor 13 and the torque T (waveform) from the oscillometer 14.
Torque rate calculating means 16 for calculating / dθ, and torque rate dT calculated by the torque rate calculating means 16
/ D? Is a rate of change of the torque T with respect to the rotational speed rpm of the secondary shaft 3, and is converted into a line segment X inclined by a predetermined angle; and the torque rate d
A point at which the inclination angle of the line segment X of T / dθ becomes zero (torque rate dT / dθ = 0) and the inclination angle of the line segment X is changed to a different inclination angle (torque rate dT / dθ≈0). And a preload measuring means 18 for preloading the secondary shaft 3 with the torque T'of. The first rotary drive means 11 (the second rotary drive means 12 has the same configuration and therefore the description of the second rotary drive means 12 is omitted), and the motor 21 and the speed reducer 22 for reducing the rotational speed of the motor 21.
And a socket 24 which is provided at the tip of the drive shaft 23 protruding from the speed reducer 22 and which connects one end portion (the right end portion in the figure) of the secondary shaft 3 so as to be rotatable integrally.

Here, an example of a method for measuring the preload of the secondary shaft 3 by the preload measuring device 1 will be described.

First, the first rotary drive means 11 rotates the secondary shaft 3 at a rotational speed n such that the peripheral speed of the secondary gear 3a becomes constant, and the peripheral speed of the differential shaft 6 is changed. Peripheral speed n of the secondary gear 3a
Rotation is performed so that the peripheral speed n-1 is slower than the peripheral speed n-1 and the peripheral speed n + 1 is higher than the peripheral speed n. At this time, the rotational speed rpm. Of the secondary shaft 3 is continuously measured by the rotational speed sensor 13, and the torque T of the secondary shaft 3 is continuously measured by the torque meter 14 and displayed as a waveform of the oscillometer 15. . At the same time,
The rotational speed θ and the torque T of the secondary shaft 3 are differentiated by the torque rate calculation means 16 to calculate the torque rate dT / dθ of the secondary shaft 3. After that, the torque rate dT / dθ is converted into a line segment X inclined by a predetermined angle as a change rate of the torque T with respect to the rotation speed rpm of the secondary shaft 3. Then, when the peripheral speed of the differential gear 6a exceeds the peripheral speed of the secondary gear 3a, the timing when the secondary shaft 3 reverses from driving to driven, that is, the inclination angle of the line segment X (torque rate dT / dθ) becomes zero. The preload of the secondary shaft 3 can be facilitated by setting the torque T ′ at the point where the line segment X inclined by a predetermined angle changes to a different inclination angle near that point as the preload of the secondary shaft 3. And it can be measured accurately.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but includes various other modifications.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the torque T ′ at the point where the inclination angle of the line segment X of the torque rate dT / dθ changes from a point where the inclination angle becomes zero to a different inclination angle is measured as the preload of the secondary shaft 3. The torque at the point where the inclination angle of the line segment becomes zero may be used as the preload of the secondary shaft.

In the above embodiment, the case where the preload of the secondary shaft is measured has been described, but it goes without saying that it is also used when measuring the preload of the differential shaft or the primary shaft. Can be measured.

[0022]

As described above, according to the method of measuring the preload of the gear meshing unit in the first aspect of the present invention, the timing at which one shaft reverses from the drive to the driven is continuously determined by the rotation speed and torque of the one shaft. By setting the point at which the line segment of the torque rate inclined by a predetermined angle becomes zero by the effective differentiation, the torque at that point can be easily measured as the preload of one axis.

According to the preload measuring method of the gear meshing unit in the second aspect of the invention, the timing at which one of the shafts reverses from driving to driven is set to a different inclination angle from the vicinity of the zero point of the torque rate line segment. By adopting a changing point, the torque at that point can be easily and accurately measured as a preload for one shaft.

Further, according to the preload measuring device of the gear meshing unit in the third aspect of the present invention, the point near the point where the inclination angle of the torque rate line segment of one shaft is zero becomes different from the point where the inclination angle changes. A preload measuring device that easily and accurately measures torque as a preload can be simply configured without making the structure so complicated.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a main part of a preload measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a state in which a torque rate is converted into a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle as a change rate of torque with respect to a rotation speed.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a preload measurement device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Preload measuring device 2 Transmission (gear meshing unit) 3 Secondary shaft (one shaft) 3a Secondary gear (gear) 6 Differential shaft (other shaft) 6a Differential gear (gear) 11 First rotation drive means 12 Second rotation drive means 13 Rotation speed sensor (rotation speed measurement means) 14 Torque meter (torque measuring means) 16 Torque rate calculation means 17 Torque rate conversion means 18 Preload measurement means

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Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A preload measuring method of a gear meshing unit for measuring preloads of two shafts, each of which is equipped with gears meshing with each other, wherein one of the two shafts is connected to a gear of the shaft. While rotating at a rotational speed such that the peripheral speed becomes constant, the other shaft is rotated so that the peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft becomes a peripheral speed higher than the peripheral speed of the one gear. At this time, the rotational speed and torque of the one shaft are continuously measured, and at the same time, the rotational speed and torque of the one shaft are differentiated to calculate the torque rate of the one shaft. The torque rate is converted into a line segment that inclines a predetermined angle as the rate of change of torque with respect to the rotational speed of one shaft, and the torque at the point where the inclination angle of this line segment becomes zero is used as the preload for one shaft. Preload measuring method of the gear meshing units to. 2. A preload measuring method of a gear meshing unit for measuring preloads of two shafts, each of which is equipped with gears meshing with each other, wherein one of the two shafts is a gear of the shaft. While rotating at a rotational speed such that the peripheral speed becomes constant, the other shaft is rotated so that the peripheral speed of the gear of the shaft becomes a peripheral speed higher than the peripheral speed of the one gear. At this time, the rotational speed and torque of the one shaft are continuously measured, and at the same time, the rotational speed and torque of the one shaft are differentiated to calculate the torque rate of the one shaft. The torque rate is converted into a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle as the rate of change of torque with respect to the rotational speed of one shaft, and the inclination angle of this line segment is changed to a different inclination angle from the point where the inclination angle of this line segment becomes zero. Preload measuring method of the gear meshing unit, characterized in that the preload of one axis torque point to. 3. A preload measuring device of a gear meshing unit for measuring each preload of two shafts, each gear being meshed with each other, wherein one of the two shafts is connected to a gear of the shaft. The first rotation drive means for rotating at a rotational speed such that the peripheral speed is constant, and the peripheral speed of the gear of the other shaft is changed from the peripheral speed lower than the peripheral speed of one gear to the peripheral speed higher. Second rotation drive means for rotating the shaft, a rotation speed measurement means for continuously measuring the rotation speed of the one shaft, a torque measurement means for continuously measuring the torque of the one shaft, and both the measurement A signal from the means for continuously differentiating the rotation speed and torque of one shaft to calculate the torque rate of the one shaft; and a torque rate calculated by the torque rate calculation means for one of the two. Of the axis A torque rate conversion means for converting a line segment inclined by a predetermined angle as a rate of change of torque with respect to the number of revolutions, and an inclination angle of the line segment to a different inclination angle from the point where the inclination angle of the line segment of the torque rate becomes zero. A preload measuring device for a gear meshing unit, comprising: a preload measuring means for preloading one shaft with a torque at a changing point.