JP3480428B2 - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of light control layers containing a liquid crystal material exhibiting a cholesteric phase at room temperature are laminated.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, a thin, low power consumption, bright reflective color display has been researched and developed. inside that,
Reflective color displays that utilize selective reflection of cholesteric liquid crystal materials not only have high brightness because they do not use polarizing plates, but cholesteric liquid crystal materials have a memory property, so they can be driven by a simple matrix with low power consumption. Since it has a feature that an element can be manufactured at low cost, it is attracting attention. However, the selective reflection of the cholesteric liquid crystal has an angle dependency of the selective reflection wavelength in principle, and there is a problem that the color tone changes depending on the observation position.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to solve the above problems, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-31210 discloses a dimming method that selectively reflects light in the blue, green, and red wavelength regions in order from the incident side of external light. In the reflective color display element in which layers are laminated, a reflective color display element is proposed in which a color filter layer that absorbs blue light and transmits green light and red light is provided between blue and green dimming layers.

However, the color filter layer provided between the dimming layers disclosed in the above publication has almost zero transmittance in the wavelength range absorbed by the color filter layer (see FIG. 4 of the publication). In a display device provided with such a color filter layer, the transmittance is reduced to about 80% even in the wavelength range where the color filter layer transmits, resulting in an extremely dark display. Further, this color filter layer has an absorption wavelength region extremely close to the selective reflection wavelength, and the selective reflection wavelength of each liquid crystal phase is absorbed by the color filter layer only by changing the observation angle from the front by several degrees. There is also a problem that the display shifts to a region and the display disappears (the viewing angle characteristic is deteriorated).

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device that suppresses the deterioration of contrast and does not make the display screen dark.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that suppresses the deterioration of contrast and does not deteriorate the viewing angle characteristics.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of suppressing deterioration of viewing angle characteristics and deterioration of brightness of a display screen.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 is adjusted to exhibit a cholesteric phase at room temperature and selectively reflect color light in a specific wavelength band. A plurality of dimming layers containing a liquid crystal material are laminated, each dimming layer is laminated on the side where external light is incident, and a specific wavelength band having a short wavelength is laminated, and at least among the plurality of dimming layers. A color filter means for absorbing at least color light in a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer is provided on the side far from the outside light incident side of one light control layer, and the transmittance of the color filter means is It is 10 to 70% in the specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer. By thus setting the transmittance of the color filter means to 10 to 70% in the specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device in which the display screen does not become dark while suppressing the decrease in contrast. It will be possible.

Further, in the liquid crystal display element according to the tenth aspect, a plurality of light control layers containing a liquid crystal material which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which is adjusted to selectively reflect color light of a specific wavelength band are laminated. Each dimming layer is laminated on the side where external light is incident, and has a specific wavelength band that reflects a short wavelength, and is close to the external light incident side of at least one dimming layer among the plurality of dimming layers. On the side, or in the at least one light control layer, a color filter means for absorbing color light in a wavelength range shorter than a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer is provided, and the color filter means is at least the From the maximum reflection wavelength of one light control layer, the half value width of the specific reflection wavelength band having the maximum reflection wavelength of 1.3 to 1.5
The absorption region is formed in a short wavelength range up to twice, and the transmittance in the absorption region is 10 to 70%. In this way, in the short wavelength range from the maximum reflection wavelength of the light control layer targeted for the transmittance of the color filter means to 1.3 to 1.5 times the half-value width of the specific reflection wavelength band having the maximum reflection wavelength. 10-7
By setting the content to 0%, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element that suppresses a reduction in contrast and a reduction in viewing angle.

Further, in the liquid crystal display element according to claim 19, a plurality of dimming layers containing a liquid crystal material which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which is adjusted to selectively reflect color light of a specific wavelength band are laminated. Each dimming layer is laminated on the side where external light is incident, and has a specific wavelength band that reflects a short wavelength, and is close to the external light incident side of at least one dimming layer among the plurality of dimming layers. On the side, or in the at least one light control layer, a color filter means for absorbing color light in a wavelength range shorter than a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer is provided, and the color filter means is at least the At least 12 from the maximum reflection wavelength of one light control layer
The absorption region is formed in the short wavelength range of 0 to 150 nm,
The transmittance in the absorption region is 10 to 70%. As described above, the transmittance of the color filter layer is 10 in the short wavelength range of 120 to 150 nm from the maximum reflection wavelength of the target light control layer.
By setting the content to ˜70%, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element that suppresses a reduction in viewing angle and a reduction in brightness of a display screen.

In any of the liquid crystal display elements described above, the color filter means may be a color filter layer provided between the light control layers or a color material contained in the light control layers. When the color filter layer is used, the position where the color filter layer is provided can be selected as described below, and the degree of freedom in design is high. On the other hand, when the color material is used, the number of layers of the element (the number of parts) can be reduced as compared with the case where the color filter layer is provided, and the manufacturing process can be minimized. Also,
Since the number of layers is small, it is possible to provide an element that enables brighter display.

In any of the liquid crystal elements described above, the region where the transmittance of the color filter means is 10 to 70% may be a flat region of the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter means, or the transmittance is steep. It may be a falling region that decreases to 0, or a region including both of them.

In the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, each of the light control layers may be sandwiched between a pair of substrates. Then, between the adjacent light control layers, there are two substrates in total, one substrate holding one light control layer and the other substrate holding the other light control layer , and a color filter as a color filter means. A layer may be provided between the two substrates. Further, the color filter layer may be provided on the side of the substrate opposite to the side in contact with the liquid crystal material. By doing so, the liquid crystal material and the color filter layer are physically separated from each other. Therefore, elution of the components in the color filter layer into the liquid crystal material is prevented, and a liquid crystal display element in which display characteristics are not deteriorated can be obtained.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the color filter layer as the color filter means is provided on the side of the substrate in contact with the liquid crystal material, so that the color filter layer effectively scatters light by the substrate. Can be suppressed.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, an electrode is provided on each of the surfaces of the pair of substrates sandwiching the light control layer, which faces the light control layer, and a color filter as a color filter means is provided between the electrode and the substrate. You may make it provide a layer. As a result, it is possible to prevent the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer from being lowered by the color filter layer, and it is possible to drive at a low voltage. Further, it is possible to effectively suppress the scattering of light by the substrate.

A color filter layer as the color filter means may be provided on the electrode provided on the substrate. Thereby, the scattering of light by the substrate can be effectively suppressed. Further, the color filter layer can be used as a functional film such as an insulating film, which is effective in simplifying the element structure.

The color filter layer may be provided on the substrate opposite to the surface on which the electrodes are formed. This is advantageous for driving at a low voltage.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, by using at least one of the substrates as a resin film, it is possible to suppress a decrease in brightness caused by laminating a plurality of light control layers. it can.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the seal walls are provided in the peripheral portions of the pair of substrates constituting each light control layer, so that the liquid crystal material can be easily filled between the substrates. It is possible to prevent the liquid crystal material from coming into contact with the outside air and reduce the deterioration of display characteristics.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, at least at a desired position in the display area, a resin structure for adhering and supporting a pair of substrates constituting each light control layer is provided, whereby each light control is performed. The gap between the substrates of the layers can be kept uniform, and a liquid crystal display element with extremely small display unevenness can be manufactured.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the spacer is arranged between the pair of substrates forming each light control layer, whereby the gap between the substrates can be defined by the diameter of the spacer. It is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device with less unevenness in the gap between the substrates.

Further, when the spacer is a fixed spacer, the spacer does not easily move even when a large substrate or a film substrate is used, so that the gap between the substrates is small and the display unevenness is unlikely to change over time. here,
The fixed spacer means a spacer which is sandwiched between a pair of substrates and then adhered (fixed) to these substrates.
Examples of such a fixed spacer include those in which glass beads are coated with an adhesive resin, those in which the entire spacer is made of a thermoplastic resin, and the like.

[0023]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(First Embodiment) In the first embodiment, a liquid crystal display device using a cholesteric liquid crystal will be described. FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment. This liquid crystal display device has three dimming layers 1B, 1G,
1R is laminated. Each light control layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates 11a and 11b, and the blue display cell 40
B, a green display cell 40G, and a red display cell 40R are formed. Color filter layers 91,
92 is interposed. Of the three light control layers, light control layer 1
A color filter layer 91 is provided between B and 1G, and a color filter layer 92 is provided between the light control layers 1G and 1R. A plurality of strip electrodes 12 are provided on the substrates 11a and 11b.
a and 12b are formed on the substrates 11a and 11b.
Insulating films 13a and 13b are provided on the side where the upper strip electrodes 12a and 12b are formed, if necessary, and alignment layers 14a and 14b are further formed thereon as necessary.

A resin structure 15 and a spacer 16 are arranged between the substrates 11a and 11b. The resin structure 15 adheres and supports the substrates 11a and 11b, and the spacer 16 defines a gap between the substrates. Further, the substrate 11
The peripheral portions of a and 11b are sealed by a seal wall 17 made of a resin material. The seal wall 17 may include a spacer.

The liquid crystal material 8 used in the first embodiment has a cholesteric phase at room temperature and is adjusted to selectively reflect color light in a specific wavelength band, and each of the light control layers 1B and 1G. , 1R is the side where external light enters (see arrow A)
The layers are laminated so that the specific wavelength band that reflects more is a shorter wavelength. Further, the color filter layer 91 provided between the light control layers 1B and 1G and the color filter layer 92 provided between the light control layers 1G and 1R respectively have a specific wavelength reflected by the light control layer near the outside light incident side. The characteristic is that it absorbs at least the colored light in the band, and the transmittance is 10 in each specific wavelength band.
~ 70%.

Further, on the side opposite to the side where external light is incident,
The black light absorption layer 10 is provided.

Such a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured as follows (see FIG. 2). First, the process of producing each liquid crystal cell 40 will be described.

A plurality of strip electrodes 12 are formed on a transparent substrate 11 (see FIG. 2A). The strip electrodes 12 are formed into a plurality of strip electrodes by, for example, forming an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film on the substrate 11 by a sputtering method or the like and then performing patterning by a photolithography method. here,
The substrate 11 need only be transparent, and glass, resin, or the like can be used.

After forming a plurality of strip-shaped transparent electrodes 12,
A transparent insulating film 13 may be formed if necessary (see FIG. 2B). The insulating film 13 can be formed of silicon oxide or the like by a sputtering method, a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a flexographic printing method, or the like. By providing the insulating film 13, after the pair of substrates 11 are bonded together, a short circuit between the upper and lower electrodes 12 and the electrode 12 are physically scraped off, or chemically contaminated with chemicals or moisture in the air. Can be prevented.

Next, the alignment film 14 is formed, if necessary (see FIG. 2C). The alignment film 14 can be formed by using an inorganic material such as silicon oxide or an organic material such as polyimide by a sputtering method, a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a flexographic printing method, or the like. Normally, this alignment film 14 is used without rubbing. Providing this alignment film 14 is advantageous in that the liquid crystal molecules can be given a certain degree of anchoring effect and the characteristics of the liquid crystal display element can be prevented from changing over time.

Next, the resin structure 1 is formed on one of the substrates 11b.
5 is formed (see FIG. 2D). One substrate 1 using a method of printing a thermoplastic resin or a polymerizable resin by a printing method using a screen plate or a metal mask, a spin coating method of a photosensitive resin, a roll coating method, a die coater, or the like.
The resin structure 15 can be formed by a photolithography method or the like in which the resin structure 15 is applied on 1b, exposed through a photomask, and then developed.

On the other hand, spacers 16 are scattered on the substrate 11a (see FIG. 2D '). As the spacer 16, various types can be used as long as they are commonly used as a spacer for a liquid crystal display element, and those made of silica as an inorganic material or divinylbenzene as an organic material are preferable. Can be used for. Also, spacer 1
The method of spraying 6 may be either wet or dry, and
Any of the known spacer spraying methods such as flexographic printing and placement using a die coater can be used.

Next, a seal wall 17 made of a resin material is appropriately provided on the peripheral portion of at least one of the substrates 11a and 11b (see FIG. 2E). Any known method such as a screen printing method or a dispenser method can be used. At this time, an inlet for the liquid crystal material 8 is provided if necessary.

Next, the pair of substrates 11a and 11b are laminated and bonded so that the electrode forming surfaces face each other so that the plurality of strip electrodes 12a and 12b intersect each other (FIG. 2).
(See (F)).

Next, the liquid crystal material 8 is injected. As the injection method, a known vacuum injection method or a drop injection method can be used. In the drop injection method, after injection, the seal wall 17 is solidified to seal the liquid crystal material 8. If an inlet is provided,
After the liquid crystal material is injected, the injection port is sealed with an ultraviolet curable resin or the like.

As the liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal material exhibiting a cholesteric phase near room temperature is used. Here, the liquid crystal material exhibiting a cholesteric phase near room temperature includes a chiral nematic liquid crystal material obtained by adding a chiral material to a nematic liquid crystal material. Also, the substrate may be heated during the implantation. In general, a liquid crystal material exhibiting a cholesteric phase has a high viscosity at room temperature, so that it can be easily injected by heating the substrate during injection. At this time, the heating temperature of the substrate can be set arbitrarily, but is preferably higher than the transition temperature of the liquid crystal material to the isotropic phase. By injecting the liquid crystal material in an isotropic phase state in which the viscosity is lowered, the injection can be facilitated and the composition distribution of the liquid crystal material in the substrate at the time of injection can be reduced.

In the case of the drop injection method, the pair of substrates 1
Before laminating 1a and 11b, the liquid crystal material 8 is placed on the substrate 1
It is dropped on at least one of the electrode forming surfaces 1a and 11b. For example, various uniform coating methods such as a method of directly dropping the liquid crystal material 8 from a bottle onto a substrate, a method of ejecting from a nozzle-shaped ejection port, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, and the like can be used.

As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal material 8 is dropped on one end of one substrate 11b, and one end of the other substrate 11a is superposed on one end of the substrate 11b.
The liquid crystal material 8 is applied to the substrate 1 when the rollers 31 and 32 heat and press the liquid crystal material 8 toward the other ends of the substrates a and 11b.
The entire area between 1a and 11b may be filled. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the entrainment of bubbles in the liquid crystal material 8 that occurs when the substrates 11a and 11b are superposed on each other. The method of stacking the substrates and filling the liquid crystal material while pressing the liquid crystal material is particularly useful when a resin film substrate is used.

The color filter layers 91, 92 provided between the three types of light control layers 1B, 1G, 1R containing the liquid crystal material 8 adjusted to have different selective reflection wavelengths, which are manufactured by such a method, are provided respectively. When the dimming layers 1B, 1G, and 1R are stacked so that the reflected specific wavelength band has a shorter wavelength on the side where the external light is incident, the one that is closer to the external light incident side among the adjacent dimming layers. The light control layer absorbs at least color light in a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer and has a transmittance of 10 to 70% in the specific wavelength band. Such color filter layers 91 and 92 are not necessarily provided between the substrates, and may be located at any position as long as they are adjacent liquid crystal layers, and the substrate itself may be colored. Further, it may be produced by any means and process such as a screen printing method, a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a flexographic printing method and a die coating method.

Further, it is not necessary to directly form the color filter layer on the substrates 11a and 11b, the color filter layer is previously formed on a desired base material, and then the color filter layer is formed on the substrate constituting the present liquid crystal display device. The color filter layer may be transferred. When such a method is used, the yield at the time of forming the color filter layer is improved and the color filter layer can be efficiently manufactured.

The black light absorbing layer 10 is formed on the substrate (the back surface of the lowermost layer substrate 11b of the display element) on the side opposite to the incident side of external light.
To provide. The light absorption layer 10 may be on the liquid crystal material side or the outer side of the substrate, or the substrate itself may be colored black, as long as it is on the substrate on the side opposite to the incident side of external light. . As the material of the light absorption layer 10, various materials can be used as long as they can absorb light, and any means such as a screen printing method, a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a flexographic printing method, a die coating method, etc. And may be produced in steps.

Each of the light control layers 1R, thus manufactured,
A liquid crystal display element is manufactured by stacking 1G and 1B so that a specific wavelength band reflected on the incident side of external light has a short wavelength.

In the first embodiment, the simple matrix drive type liquid crystal display element has been described.
Transistor (TFT) and Metal Insulator Metal
An active matrix drive type liquid crystal display element having an active element such as (MIM) may be used.

Example 1 In Example 1, the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment will be described in more detail. In Example 1, the color filter layer that absorbs the color light in the specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer closer to the outside light incident side is provided, and the transmittance thereof is 10 to 70% in the specific wavelength band. Describe.

FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the liquid crystal display device manufactured as Example 1. In this Example 1, the difference from the liquid crystal display element shown in FIG. 1 is that each light control layer 1B,
That is, the adhesive layer 7 is interposed between the liquid crystal cells for displaying respective colors including 1G and 1G, 1R, the resin structure 15 is omitted, and the spacer 16 is also mixed in the seal wall 17.

In the first embodiment, the selective reflection wavelength peak is 4
50 nm (B), 550 nm (G), 680 nm (R)
Using the liquid crystal material prepared so that the spectral reflectance of each liquid crystal material is prepared as shown by the curves B, G, and R in FIG. On the other hand, between the light control layers 1B and 1G, as shown in FIG.
The color filter layer 91 having the transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. 7 is provided, and the color filter layer 92 having the transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. 7 is provided between the light control layers 1G and 1R.

Here, each color filter layer 91, 92
The dimming layer on the outside light incident side provided with is B,
Although it becomes a G reflection layer, if the specific wavelength band in which these two layers are selectively reflected is set to a point where the reflectance is half the peak selective reflection wavelength, 410 to 4 in the light control layer 1B.
The thickness is 85 nm, and the light control layer 1G has a thickness of 505 to 595 nm. Therefore, as the color filter layer 91 between the light control layers 1B and 1G, one having a transmittance of 10 to 70% in the wavelength range of at least 410 to 485 nm, and the light control layers 1G and 1G
The color filter layer 92 between 1R has a transmittance of at least 10 in the wavelength region of 505 to 595 nm.
70% was used.

Next, the manufacturing process of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. First, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal cell 40R including the light control layer 1R will be described. Substrate 11a,
70b glass (made by Corning) with a thickness of 0.75 mm was used for 11b. The color filter layer 92 was formed on the substrate 11a, and the light absorption layer 10 was formed on the substrate 11b (see FIGS. 8A and 8A '). The manufacturing method of the color filter layer 92 and the light absorption layer 10 is as follows.

As the color filter layer, a red pigment-dispersed resist (CR-7001, manufactured by Fuji Film Olin Co., Ltd.) was applied on the substrate 11a by a spin coating method to a thickness of 600 nm. As the light absorption layer, a black pigment dispersion type resist (CFPR BK-730S T-4, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied on the substrate 11b by a spin coating method to a thickness of 1.2 μm. After coating, the color filter layer 92 and the light absorption layer 10 were baked at 200 ° C.

Next, an ITO thin film having a thickness of 70 nm was formed on the substrates 11a and 11b by the sputtering method.
ITO was sputtered on both the substrates 11a and 11b on the side opposite to the color filter layer 92 and the light absorption layer 10 formed previously. Next, a band-shaped transparent electrode 12 having a width of 280 μm and an interval of 20 μm is formed by a photolithography process.
a and 12b were produced (see FIGS. 8B and 8B).

Next, insulating films 13a and 13b were formed (see FIGS. 8C and 8C). The insulating film was formed with a polysilazane solution (L110, manufactured by Tonensha Co., Ltd.) to a thickness of 100 nm by a spin coating method, and was placed in a constant temperature bath at 250 ° C.
Heated for 2 hours. Next, as the alignment layers 14a and 14b,
50n of AL4552 (manufactured by JSR) by spin coating
It was formed to a thickness of m and heated at 180 ° C. for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath (see FIGS. 8D and 8D ′).

Next, as shown in FIG. 8 (E), the particle size is 7
The spacer 16 (micropearl SP-207, manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a size of μm was sprayed on the substrate 11a.
The spacer 16 was dispersed in a solvent of water: isopropanol = 8: 2 vol / vol and sprayed onto the substrate 11a from a spray bottle. Further, on the substrate 11a, a spacer 16 (the above-mentioned Micropearl SP-207) having a particle diameter of 7 μm mixed in a sealant (Structbond XN-21-S, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.) is applied as a liquid crystal sealant. Device (MLC
-III, manufactured by Musashi Engineering Co., Ltd.)
A seal wall 17 was formed by drawing on the periphery of a. At this time, an opening was provided for a liquid crystal material injection port. Such substrates 11a and 11b were stacked so that the electrode formation surfaces face each other (see FIG. 8F). At this time, the strip electrode 12
A and 12b were set to be orthogonal to each other.

The superposed substrates 11a and 11b are sandwiched between flat stainless steel substrates whose surfaces have been polished, and a load of 0.3 kg / cm2 is applied from above the stainless flat substrates.
The substrate 11a, 11
b was pasted together. Then, the power of the constant temperature bath was turned off, and the temperature was cooled to room temperature in the constant temperature bath with the load applied.

Next, the liquid crystal material 8 was injected. As the liquid crystal material, E44 containing 30 wt% of the chiral material CB15 (both manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was used and was injected by a known vacuum injection method.
After injecting the liquid crystal material 8, an ultraviolet curable resin (Photorec A
-704-60, manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the inlet and irradiated with ultraviolet rays for sealing.

Liquid crystal cells 40G and 40B including light control layers 1G and 1B, respectively, were prepared in the same manner as described above. In the light control layer 1G, the liquid crystal material is E containing 40 wt% of the chiral material CB15.
44 (both manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was used. In addition, a light absorption layer is not formed in the liquid crystal cell 40G including the light control layer 1G, and the color filter layer 91 is provided with a yellow pigment dispersion resist (CY).
-S639, manufactured by Fuji Film Orin Co., Ltd.). The liquid crystal material is a chiral agent CB15 in the light control layer 1B.
E44 (both manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) containing 50 wt% of was used. Neither a light absorption layer nor a color filter layer was formed in the liquid crystal cell 40B including the light control layer 1B.

Next, liquid crystal cells 40R, 40G and 40B each containing the light control layers 1R, 1G and 1B were laminated. The liquid crystal cell 40 is formed on the color filter layer 92 of the liquid crystal cell 40R.
Substrate 11b on which the G color filter layer is not formed
And the liquid crystal cell 40B was placed on the color filter layer 91 of the liquid crystal cell 40G. An antireflection film or the like may be provided on the outside light incident side of the liquid crystal cell 40B. Each liquid crystal cell 40R,
Thermosetting resin SE1 between 40G and 40G, 40B
An appropriate amount of a mixture of 885A and SE1885B (both manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.) in a ratio of 1: 1 was applied (adhesive layer 7), and adhered at 50 ° C. for 4 hours in a constant temperature bath.

In this way, a cholesteric liquid crystal display device was produced. The produced device had a high contrast and the display could be clearly confirmed.

Example 2 In Example 2, a film substrate was used in the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment. The element structure is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the substrates 11a and 11b are replaced by a resin film substrate with an ITO film instead of the glass substrate.

Regarding the manufacturing method of this element, the difference from the first embodiment will be described below. First, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal cell 40R including the light control layer 1R will be described. The ITO film-attached film substrates 11a and 11b are polyether sulfone (PES) substrates (Sumilite FS) having a thickness of 0.1 mm.
T5352, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. was used. The red color filter layer and the light absorption layer were the same as in Example 1, and were formed on the side of the substrate opposite to the already formed ITO film forming surface by the same method as in Example 1.

Next, a plurality of strip electrodes 12a and 12b having a width of 280 μm and a gap of 20 μm were formed on the ITO film by using a photolithography process. Further, as in Example 1, an insulating film and an alignment film were provided, spacers were scattered, the seal wall 17 was arranged and the substrates were bonded together, and then a liquid crystal material was injected by a vacuum injection method.

In the liquid crystal cell 40G including the light control layer 1G, the same yellow color filter layer 91 as in Example 1 was provided outside the substrate and no light absorption layer was provided. In the liquid crystal cell 40B including the light control layer 1B, neither the color filter layer nor the light absorption layer was provided as in Example 1.

Liquid crystal cells 40R, 40G and 40B respectively containing these light control layers 1R, 1G and 1B were laminated in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a cholesteric liquid crystal display element.

The liquid crystal display device thus manufactured was light because the substrate was made of a resin film, and because it was thin, even if laminated, there was almost no decrease in reflectance and bright display was possible.

(Example 3) In Example 3, a color filter layer is provided on the side of the substrate which is in contact with the liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 3 is similar to Example 2 in that a film substrate was used, but FIG.
As shown in, a color filter layer similar to that of Example 1 was provided in place of the insulating film of Example 1, and the color filter layers 91a and 92a were also made to function as insulating films. Further, instead of the other insulating film of the liquid crystal cell 40R, a light absorbing layer similar to that in Example 1 was provided, and this light absorbing layer 10a also functioned as an insulating film. Other configurations are similar to those of the second embodiment.

The parts of the manufacturing method different from those of the second embodiment will be described below. First, the liquid crystal cell 40R including the light control layer 1R
The manufacturing method of will be described with reference to FIG. The ITO film-attached film substrates 1a and 1b are polyether sulfone (PES) substrates (Sumilite FST5) having a thickness of 0.1 mm.
352, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) was used. This ITO
A plurality of strip electrodes 12a and 12b having a width of 280 μm and an interval of 20 μm were formed on the film by a photolithography process (see FIGS. 10A and 10A ′).

Next, the red color filter layer 92a and the light absorption layer 10a were formed on the electrode formation surfaces of the substrates 11a and 11b (see FIGS. 10B and 10B '). Here, the light absorption layer 10a is also provided on the liquid crystal material side of the substrate 11b. In this case, the light absorbing layer 10a can also serve as the other insulating film. However, the color filter layer 92a and the light absorption layer 10a are both the substrates 11a and 11b.
Need not be provided on the liquid crystal material side, but at least the red color filter layer 92a should be provided on the liquid crystal material side of the substrate.

In the liquid crystal cell 40G including the light control layer 1G, the same yellow color filter layer 91a as that in Example 1 was provided on the liquid crystal material side of the substrate 11a, and no light absorbing layer was provided (FIG. 10D). reference). Liquid crystal cell 40 including light control layer 1B
B was not provided with a color filter layer or a light absorption layer as in Example 1 (see FIG. 10E).

Liquid crystal cells 40R, 40G and 40B respectively containing these light control layers 1R, 1G and 1B were laminated in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a cholesteric liquid crystal display element.

In the liquid crystal display element thus manufactured, the color filter layer can also serve as the insulating film material, and the number of parts can be reduced, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, since the scattered component of the reflected light can be cut before passing through the thickest substrate among the constituent members, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of contrast due to the increase of the scattered component when passing through the substrate.

Example 4 In Example 4, the color filter layer was provided between the substrate and the strip-shaped electrode on the side of the substrate which was in contact with the liquid crystal material.

The liquid crystal display device manufactured as Example 4 is
Although a glass substrate is used as in the first embodiment, color filter layers 91b and 92 are formed on the substrates 11a of the liquid crystal cells 40G and 40R, respectively, as shown in FIG.
b, and the light absorption layer 1 is provided on the substrate 11b of the liquid crystal cell 40R.
0b is provided. Other configurations are similar to those of the first embodiment.

The parts of the manufacturing method different from those of Example 1 will be described below. First, the liquid crystal cell 40R including the light control layer 1R
The manufacturing method of will be described with reference to FIG. Transparent 7
A 059 glass substrate (manufactured by Corning Incorporated) 11a and 11b, each having a red color filter layer 9 as in Example 1.
2b and the light absorption layer 10b were produced (FIG. 12 (A),
(See (A ')). Next, an ITO film is formed on the color filter layer 92b and the light absorption layer 10b by a sputtering method.
It was formed to a thickness of nm. The ITO film was patterned by photolithography to have a width of 280 μm and a gap of 20 μm to form a plurality of strip electrodes 12a and 12b (see FIGS. 12B and 12B ′). The following manufacturing method
This is the same as in the first embodiment.

In the liquid crystal cell 40G including the light control layer 1G, the same yellow color filter layer 91b as that in the first embodiment is provided on the substrate 1.
It was provided between 1a and the plurality of strip electrodes 12a, and no light absorption layer was provided (see FIG. 12D). The liquid crystal cell 40B including the light control layer 1B was not provided with a color filter layer or a light absorption layer as in Example 1 (see FIG. 12E).

Liquid crystal cells 40R, 40G and 40B respectively containing these light control layers 1R, 1G and 1B were laminated in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a cholesteric liquid crystal display element.

In the liquid crystal display device manufactured in this manner, the scattered component of the reflected light can be cut before passing through the thickest substrate among the constituent members, so that the reduction of the contrast due to the increase of the scattered component when passing through the substrate is suppressed. In addition, since there is no loss of applied voltage to the liquid crystal material due to the color filter layer provided on the electrodes, the liquid crystal material can be driven at a low voltage.

In the fourth embodiment, the light absorption layer 10b is also provided between the substrate 11b and the plurality of strip electrodes 12b, but it is not always necessary and the light absorption layer 10b is formed on the outer surface of the substrate 11b. Even if it does, it does not significantly affect the factor of increasing the scattered component of the reflected light.

(Fifth Embodiment) In the fifth embodiment, a resin structure for adhesively supporting a pair of substrates facing each other at desired positions in the display area of each light control layer is provided.

The liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 5 was
As shown in FIG. 13, the structure is the same as that of the second embodiment except that the resin structure 15 is provided on each of the light control layers 1R, 1G, and 1B.

The parts of the manufacturing method different from those of the second embodiment will be described below. First, the liquid crystal cell 40R including the light control layer 1R
The manufacturing method of will be described with reference to FIG. Thickness 0.
PES substrate with 1mm ITO film (Sumilite FST5
352, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) 11a, 11b on the electrodes 12a, 12b, insulating films 13a, 13b, alignment film 14
The process up to forming a and 14b is the same as in the second embodiment (see FIGS. 14A and 14A).

Next, a resin structure 15 was formed on the alignment film 14b of the substrate 11b using a screen plate (FIG. 14).
(See (B ')). The screen plate used was an oil-repellent specification of MS-ER plate MS-290B (manufactured by Murakami Co., Ltd.). The resin permeation part has a diameter of 50 μm, a pitch of 200 μm,
The thickness was 35 μm. Printing is by screen printing machine MT3
20TV (manufactured by Microtec) was used to print the thermoplastic resin stay stick 371 (manufactured by Techno Alpha). As a result, the printed resin structure 15 has a diameter of 6
It became 0 μm, pitch 200 μm, and height 8 μm.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
The same spacer 16 as in Example 1 is formed on the alignment film 14a of 1a.
And the same sealant as in Example 1 is applied to form the seal wall 17, and the pair of substrates 11a and 11b are formed by the same method.
Pasted together. The subsequent manufacturing method is the same as that of the second embodiment.

The liquid crystal cell 40G including the light control layer 1G was provided with the same yellow color filter layer 91 as in Example 1 but no light absorption layer (see FIG. 14D). Light control layer 1
The liquid crystal cell 40B containing B was not provided with a color filter layer or a light absorption layer as in Example 1 (FIG. 14E).
reference).

Liquid crystal cells 40R, 40G and 40B respectively containing these light control layers 1R, 1G and 1B were laminated in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a cholesteric liquid crystal display element.

In the liquid crystal display device thus manufactured, the gap between the substrates was uniform and the display unevenness was extremely small.

(Embodiment 6) This embodiment 6 is a spacer 1
A fixing spacer is used as 6. The fixed spacer is a normal spacer coated with a thermoplastic resin or a polymerizable resin, and is fixed on the substrate via the coating resin by heating or irradiating light after spraying on the substrate. is there.

The liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 6 was
The structure is the same as that of the second embodiment except that a fixed spacer that fixes the inter-substrate gap is fixed to the surface of the substrate.

Hereinafter, parts of the manufacturing method different from those of the second embodiment will be described. A method of manufacturing the liquid crystal cell 40R including the light control layer 1R will be described. Size 300 x 200 x 0.1 mm
PES substrate with ITO film (Sumilite FST535
2, Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) 11a, 11b on the electrode 1
2a, 12b, insulating films 13a, 13b, alignment film 14a,
The process up to forming 14b is similar to that of the second embodiment.

Next, using a wet spacer spraying device SEC-SPM-N1 (manufactured by SEE) on the orientation film 14b of the substrate 11b, a fixed spacer (Hi-Presica N3M14, manufactured by Ube Nitto Kasei) 16 having an average particle size of 7 μm Was sprayed. After spraying the spacers 16, the substrate 11b is heated in a constant temperature bath at 150 ° C. for 90 minutes, and the spacers 1 are placed on the substrate 1b.
6 was fixed.

Subsequently, the same sealant as that used in Example 1 was applied on the substrate 11b to form the seal wall 17, and the pair of substrates 11a and 11b were bonded together by the same method. The subsequent manufacturing method is the same as that of the second embodiment.

In the liquid crystal cell 40G including the light control layer 1G, the same yellow color filter layer 91 as in Example 1 was provided, but the light absorption layer was not provided. Liquid crystal cell 40 including light control layer 1B
B was not provided with a color filter layer or a light absorption layer as in Example 1.

Liquid crystal cells 40R, 40G and 40B respectively containing these light control layers 1R, 1G and 1B were laminated in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a cholesteric liquid crystal display element.

The liquid crystal display device manufactured in this manner was a device using a large-sized substrate, but the gap between the substrates was uniform, and the display unevenness was small even after a long time had passed.

(Second Embodiment) In the second embodiment, a liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal will be described.

In the second embodiment, the color filter layer in the first embodiment absorbs color light in a wavelength range shorter than the specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer far from the outside light incident side. At least the absorption region is formed in the short wavelength range from the maximum reflection wavelength of the light control layer far from the light incident side to 1.3 to 1.5 times the half-value width of the specific reflection wavelength band having the maximum reflection wavelength. , The transmittance in the absorption region is 10
What is ˜70% is used.

The liquid crystal display element manufactured according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the color filter layer has the above-mentioned form.

For example, when the liquid crystal material shown in the first embodiment is used, the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer used in the second embodiment have the transmittance characteristics shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. Good. FIG. 15 shows the light control layers 1G and 1
The characteristics of the color filter layer 92 arranged between R and the characteristics of the color filter layer 91 arranged between the light control layers 1B and 1G are shown in FIG.

The color filter layer exhibiting such transmission characteristics can be realized by using the following materials, for example. The color filter layer provided between the light control layers 1G and 1R is CRY-S747 manufactured by Fuji Film Olin, and the color filter layer provided between the light control layers 1B and 1G is CFPR Y-100 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. It is feasible.

The liquid crystal display device manufactured by the second embodiment can be manufactured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6 of the first embodiment, including the method of manufacturing the color filter layer.

The manufactured liquid crystal display device was suppressed in the reduction of contrast and the viewing angle.

(Third Embodiment) In the third embodiment, a liquid crystal display device using cholesteric liquid crystal will be described.

In the third embodiment, the color filter layer in the first embodiment absorbs color light in a wavelength range shorter than a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer far from the outside light incident side. Described below is one in which an absorption region is formed in a short wavelength region of 100 to 150 nm from the maximum reflection wavelength of the light control layer far from the light incident side, and the transmittance in the absorption region is 10 to 70%.

The liquid crystal display element manufactured according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the color filter layer has the above-mentioned form.

For example, when the liquid crystal material shown in the first embodiment is used, the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer used in the third embodiment have the transmittance characteristics shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. Good. FIG. 17 shows the light control layers 1G and 1
The characteristics of the color filter layer 92 disposed between R and the characteristics of the color filter layer 91 disposed between the light control layers 1B and 1G are shown in FIG.

The color filter layer exhibiting such transmission characteristics can be realized by using the following materials, for example. The color filter layer provided between the light control layers 1G and 1R is CRY-S778 made by Fuji Film Olin, and the color filter layer provided between the light control layers 1B and 1G is realized by CY-565 made by Fuji Film Olin. It is possible.

The liquid crystal display device manufactured by the third embodiment can be manufactured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6 of the first embodiment, including the color filter layer.

The manufactured liquid crystal display device was a liquid crystal display device in which the reduction of the viewing angle and the reduction of the brightness of the display screen were suppressed.

(Comparative Example) In this comparative example, a liquid crystal display element using a conventional color filter layer having a spectral transmittance characteristic will be described. The structure of the element is the same as that of the first embodiment, but the spectral transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer are those shown in FIG. 19 for the color filter layer arranged between the light control layers 1G and 1R. The light control layer 1
The color filter layer disposed between B and 1G had the transmittance characteristic shown in FIG.

As is clear from FIGS. 19 and 20, the spectral characteristics of any of the color filter layers are such that the transmittance is less than 10% in a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer on the side where external light enters. In addition, the transmittance is 10% in a short wavelength range from a specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer far from the outside light incident side to 1.3 to 1.5 times the half value width of the specific reflection wavelength band.
Further, the transmittance is less than 10% in a short wavelength range of 120 to 150 nm from the maximum reflection wavelength of the light control layer far from the outside light incident side. The manufacturing method of the device was the same as that of the first embodiment.

The viewing angle characteristics of the manufactured liquid crystal display device were evaluated by measuring the contrast at each viewing angle.

[0111]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the contrast of the liquid crystal display element shown in the comparative example is remarkably lowered particularly when observed obliquely. The contrast is measured by irradiating the device with incident light from a direction tilted by 20 ° from the normal line, and measuring the intensity of the light reflected by the device to 0 from the normal line direction in each of white and black display. ° and 5
It is measured at the position of 0 ° and the ratio is obtained.

The liquid crystal display element according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist thereof.

For example, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention has been described by taking the form in which the color filter layer is provided between the light control layers as the color filter means, but the color filter means is not limited to this. , For example,
A coloring material contained in the light control layer itself may be used. in this case,
In the light control layer B, a color material having a characteristic of cutting light in the ultraviolet region and transmitting light in the visible light region is used, and in the light control layer G, having a characteristic of cutting light in the blue region and transmitting light in the green and red regions. A color material that cuts light in the green region and transmits light in the red region may be mixed in the light control layer R.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of a liquid crystal display element that is a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 1.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the spectral reflectance of each liquid crystal material in Example 1.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer provided between the B layer and the G layer in Example 1.

7 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer provided between the G layer and the R layer in Example 1. FIG.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of Example 1.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 3.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of Example 3;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 4.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of Example 4;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element manufactured as Example 5.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of Example 5;

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer provided between the G layer and the R layer in the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer provided between the B layer and the G layer in the liquid crystal display element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer provided between the G layer and the R layer in the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the color filter layer provided between the B layer and the G layer in the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of a color filter layer provided between a G layer and an R layer in a liquid crystal display device as a comparative example.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of a color filter layer provided between a B layer and a G layer in a liquid crystal display device as a comparative example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1B, 1G, 1R ... Light control layer 11a, 11b ... Substrate 91, 92, 91a, 91b, 92a, 92b ... Color filter layer 8 ... Liquid crystal layer 15 ... Resin structure 16 ... Spacer 17 ... Seal wall

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/13-1/141

Claims (32)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of light control layers, each of which has a cholesteric phase at room temperature and includes a liquid crystal material adjusted to selectively reflect color light in a specific wavelength band, is laminated, and each light control layer receives external light. On the side, a specific wavelength band to be reflected has a short wavelength is laminated, and the dimming layer is reflected on the side far from the outside light incident side of at least one dimming layer of the plurality of dimming layers. A color filter means for absorbing at least color light in a specific wavelength band is provided, and the transmittance of the color filter means is
10 to 70% in the specific wavelength band reflected by the light control layer
A liquid crystal display device characterized by: 2. The color filter means is a color material contained in a dimming layer provided on a side of the at least one dimming layer far from an outside light incident side. Liquid crystal display element. 3. The color filter means is a color filter layer provided between the at least one dimming layer and a dimming layer provided on a side of the dimming layer far from an outside light incident side. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is provided. 4. A total of two substrates, a substrate sandwiching one dimming layer and a substrate sandwiching the other dimming layer , are present between adjacent dimming layers, and the color filter is provided. 4. The layer is provided between two substrates existing between the at least one light control layer and a light control layer provided on a side farther from an outside light incident side. Liquid crystal display element. 5. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 3, wherein each of the light control layers is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. 6. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 5, wherein the color filter layer is provided on the side of the substrate opposite to the side in contact with the liquid crystal material. 7. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 5, wherein the color filter layer is provided on a side of the substrate which is in contact with the liquid crystal material. 8. The liquid crystal display according to claim 5, wherein electrodes are provided on the surfaces of the pair of substrates facing the light control layer, and the color filter layer is provided on the electrodes. element. 9. An electrode is provided on each surface of the pair of substrates facing the light control layer, and the color filter layer is provided on the substrate opposite to the surface on which the electrodes are formed. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5. 10. A plurality of light control layers, each of which has a cholesteric phase at room temperature and includes a liquid crystal material adjusted to selectively reflect color light of a specific wavelength band, and external light is incident on each of the light control layers. On the side, a specific wavelength band having a short wavelength to be reflected is laminated, a side close to the outside light incident side of at least one dimming layer of the plurality of dimming layers, or the at least one dimming layer. Inside, a color filter means for absorbing color light in a wavelength range shorter than a specific wavelength band in which the light control layer is reflected is provided, and the color filter means is the maximum reflection wavelength of the at least one light control layer. , The absorption region is formed in a short wavelength range of 1.3 to 1.5 times the half-value width of the specific reflection wavelength band having the maximum reflection wavelength, and the transmittance in the absorption region is 10 to 70%. Liquid crystal characterized by示素Ko. 11. The color filter means is a color material contained in a dimming layer provided on a side of the at least one dimming layer near an outside light incident side. Liquid crystal display element. 12. The color filter means is a color filter layer provided between the at least one light control layer and a light control layer provided on a side of the light control layer near an outside light incident side. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 10, wherein the liquid crystal display element is present. 13. A total of two substrates, a substrate sandwiching one dimming layer and a substrate sandwiching the other dimming layer , are present between adjacent dimming layers, and the color filter is provided. 13. The layer is provided between the two substrates existing between the at least one light control layer and a light control layer provided on a side closer to the outside light incident side of the at least one light control layer. Liquid crystal display element. 14. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 12, wherein each of the light control layers is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. 15. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 14, wherein the color filter layer is provided on the side of the substrate opposite to the side in contact with the liquid crystal material. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein the color filter layer is provided on a side of the substrate which is in contact with the liquid crystal material. 17. An electrode is provided on each surface of the pair of substrates facing the light control layer, and the color filter layer is provided on the electrodes.
4. The liquid crystal display element according to 4. 18. An electrode is provided on each of the surfaces of the pair of substrates facing the light control layer, and the color filter layer is provided on the substrate opposite to the surface on which the electrodes are formed. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 14. 19. A plurality of light control layers, each of which has a cholesteric phase at room temperature and includes a liquid crystal material adjusted to selectively reflect color light in a specific wavelength band, and external light is incident on each light control layer. On the side, a specific wavelength band having a short wavelength to be reflected is laminated, a side close to the outside light incident side of at least one dimming layer of the plurality of dimming layers, or the at least one dimming layer. Inside, a color filter means for absorbing color light in a wavelength range shorter than a specific wavelength band in which the light control layer is reflected is provided, and the color filter means is greater than the maximum reflection wavelength of the at least one light control layer. , At least 120-150n
A liquid crystal display device, wherein an absorption region is formed in a short wavelength region of m, and the transmittance in the absorption region is 10 to 70%. 20. The color filter means is a color material contained in a light control layer provided on a side of the at least one light control layer near an outside light incident side. Liquid crystal display element. 21. The color filter means is a color filter layer provided between the at least one light control layer and a light control layer provided on a side of the light control layer near an outside light incident side. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 19, wherein the liquid crystal display element is present. 22. A total of two substrates, a substrate sandwiching one dimming layer and a substrate sandwiching the other dimming layer , are present between adjacent dimming layers, and the color filter is provided. 22. The layer is provided between two substrates existing between the at least one light control layer and a light control layer provided on a side closer to an outside light incident side of the at least one light control layer. Liquid crystal display element. 23. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 21, wherein each of the light control layers is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. 24. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 23, wherein the color filter layer is provided on a side of the substrate opposite to a side in contact with the liquid crystal material. 25. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 23, wherein the color filter layer is provided on a side of the substrate which is in contact with the liquid crystal material. 26. An electrode is provided on each surface of the pair of substrates facing the light control layer, and the color filter layer is provided on the electrodes.
3. The liquid crystal display element according to item 3. 27. An electrode is provided on each surface of the pair of substrates facing the light control layer, and the color filter layer is provided on the substrate opposite to the surface on which the electrodes are formed. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 23. 28. At least one of the substrates is made of a resin film, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, claim 7, claim 8, claim 9, claim 9. 13, claim 14, claim 15, claim 16, claim 17, claim 18, claim 22, claim 23, claim 2
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, claim 25, claim 26, or claim 27. 29. A seal wall is provided at a peripheral portion of a pair of substrates forming each of the light control layers, wherein the seal wall is provided. , Claim 9, claim 13, claim 14, claim 15, claim 1
6, claim 17, claim 18, claim 22, claim 2
3, claim 24, claim 25, claim 26, claim 27
Alternatively, the liquid crystal display element according to claim 28. 30. The resin structure for adhering and supporting a pair of substrates constituting each light control layer is provided at least at a desired position in the display area, wherein the resin structure is provided. Claim 6, Claim 7, Claim 8, Claim 9, Claim 13, Claim 14, Claim 15, Claim 16, Claim 17, Claim 18, Claim 22, Claim 23, Claim. 24, claim 25, claim 26, claim 27, claim 2
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 8 or 29. 31. A spacer is arranged between a pair of substrates forming each light control layer,
Claim 5, Claim 6, Claim 7, Claim 8, Claim 9,
Claim 13, Claim 14, Claim 15, Claim 16, Claim 17, Claim 18, Claim 22, Claim 23, Claim 24, Claim 25, Claim 26, Claim 27, Claim. 28. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 29 or claim 30. 32. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 31, wherein the spacer is a fixed spacer.