JP3498172B2 - Bulk carrier - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bulk carrier in which bulk goods are directly loaded and operated in bulk without being packed in a cargo hold provided in a hold. It is. 2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 shows a known bulk carrier in which bulk materials such as wood chips are directly loaded and operated in bulk. In this bulk carrier, bulk goods 3a are loaded in bulk in a plurality of cargo holds 2a provided in a forward / rearward direction in a hold 1a and transported. In such a conventional bulk carrier, when a bulk material 3a having a small specific gravity, such as wood chips, is transported, a ballast tank (not shown) having a small capacity usually provided in the bulk carrier is usually used. There is a possibility that stable operation cannot be performed because the draft is shallow when using only. For this reason, seawater 4a is filled in some cargo holds 2a, and the cargo hold 2a is used as a ballast tank to secure a required draft. However, the unloading system installed on the conventional bulk carrier shown in FIG. 5 opens a hatch and places a bucket 7a suspended on a crane 6a arranged on an upper deck 5a in a cargo hold 2a. It is lowered to grasp the bulk material 3a, discharge it into the hopper 8a arranged on the upper deck 5a, and discharge it into the belt conveyors 9a, 9a.
It is configured to be transported outboard by 0a, 11a and the like. For this reason, automation is not possible because a large number of workers and machines such as backhoes are required, and there is a drawback that dust generated from loose materials enters the work site and is extremely poor in hygiene management. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, for example, a loose object 3a in a cargo hold 2a is removed from an outlet 12a disposed at the bottom of each cargo hold 2a by a scraper 1 such as a screw.
By a reclaimer (dispensing machine) 14a having a 3a, it is taken out to a draw-out conveyor 16a extending in the front-rear direction of the ship on the inner bottom surface 15a below the ship, and is conveyed onto the ship by a conveyor 17a arranged vertically. Then, by adopting an unloading system configured to collect at a predetermined location on the ship by the collecting conveyor 18a and carry it out of the ship by a drainer (not shown), automation is easy, and deterioration of the environment due to dust and the like is caused. A bulk carrier that is relatively light and has a large internal friction angle, such as a wood chip, having no internal flow, and thus can efficiently discharge bulk materials having poor fluidity has been considered. However, the bulk material 3a in the cargo hold 2a is removed from the take-out port 12 arranged at the bottom of the cargo hold 2a.
In a bulk carrier configured to be unloaded and unloaded from a,
Reclaimer 14a and along with the associated equipment is arranged that the inner bottom surface of the cargo hold 2a, shown toward the ship's bottom inside surface 15a to the bottom of the cargo hold 2a in FIG. 5 because it has outlet 12a which opens Roses Cargo hold 2 like a cargo ship
Cannot be used as a ballast tank, and there is a possibility that stable operation cannot be performed. In addition, when the ballast tank provided at the bottom of the ship has a large capacity, the volume of the cargo hold 29 is reduced by that much, which leads to a reduction in the transportation efficiency. This is disadvantageous when carrying bulk materials that can be operated sufficiently stably. Further, it is necessary to form a hopper angle below the side wall 2b of the cargo hold 2a in order to completely discharge the bulk material 3a in the cargo hold 2a from the outlet 12a arranged at the bottom of the cargo hold 2a. There is also a problem that the capacity of the cargo hold 2a decreases and the load capacity decreases. An object of the present invention is to provide a bulk carrier equipped with an unloading system configured to take out and discharge bulk materials from an outlet disposed at the bottom of a cargo hold. In the case of transporting light bulk materials, the cargo hold 2 cannot be used as a ballast tank, so that stable operation is difficult.
The point is that the volume of the battery decreases and the load capacity decreases. According to the present invention, there is provided a cargo hold for holding bulk items in a hold of a ship, and the bulk items are disposed in a longitudinal direction of the hull from an outlet disposed at a bottom of the cargo hold. In a bulk carrier to be dispensed by a reciprocating reclaimer, a side wall of the cargo hold is formed of a waterproof sheet material stretched so as to have slack, and the cargo hold is stretchable on the outer surface of the side wall and each cargo hold is provided. sidewalls substantially equal to additionally provided the size of the watertight bag, for solving the problem with a fact that a structure in which each other that is arranged on the same side of the hull in the bag are communicated with each other As a result, even with an unloading system configured to take out and unload bulk materials from the outlet located at the bottom of the cargo hold, it is possible to secure sufficient draft and achieve stable operation. The object of the present invention is to provide a bulk carrier which is completely discharged from a cargo hold and does not reduce the load capacity. A desired amount of seawater is supplied and stored in a watertight bag attached to the side wall of the cargo hold, or the stored seawater is removed to increase or decrease the weight of the bulk carrier to achieve a desired ballast effect. To demonstrate. In addition, the bag is inflated at the time of unloading, the inner portion of the bag is protruded into the cargo hold together with the side wall of the cargo hold, and the stored bulk materials are gathered at the exit to collect the bulk materials. To prevent FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a ship hold 1 which is separated from each other by a plurality of partitions 11 arranged at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction of the hull, in a watertight manner. It shows an example of the case where the present invention is carried out for a bulk carrier that is installed at a location where the bulk carrier stranded during navigation or was flooded from a damaged portion when colliding with another ship or the like. However, there is no concern that the inundation will stop only in the vicinity of the damaged area and the entire body of the hold 1 will sink. Each cargo hold 2 has a hatch opening to the upper deck and has a flat bottom surface 21 so that the stored bulk material 3 can be loaded as it is. Also, the side walls 22, 22 forming each cargo hold 2 are made of, for example, a soft vinyl chloride sheet, a soft polyethylene sheet, a canvas, etc. having an appropriate thickness. It is formed by being stretched. An elastic and watertight bag 4 formed of, for example, a synthetic rubber sheet having an appropriate thickness on the outer surface of each side wall 22 is provided with the entire side surface on the side wall 22 side or at some points. Is attached by welding or welding. In addition, this bag body 4 is
And has a size substantially equal to that of the side wall 22 and is divided into a plurality of sections in the lateral direction in a communicating state by a plurality of partial adhesive portions arranged in the vertical direction. Further, among the bags 4, those arranged on the same side of the hull communicate with each other by a communication pipe (not shown), but may have independent configurations. Further, a water supply / drainage pump disposed at an appropriate position inside the hull for supplying seawater to the inside of the bag 4 or discharging seawater supplied to the inside of the bag 4 to the outside of the ship is provided at a lower portion of the bag 4. A connected nozzle (not shown) is provided. Further, a bottom surface 2 is provided at the center of each cargo hold 2.
A screw-type reclaimer 5 is provided which is guided by upper and lower guide rails 51 and 52 extending in the front-rear direction of the hull along 1 and traveling reciprocally. The reclaimer 5 has guide rails 51,5.
A pair of screws 55, 55 are provided symmetrically in a cantilever manner on a reclaimer main body 54 having running wheels 53, 53 fitted up and down and having a driving mechanism (not shown) built therein. . In each cargo hold 2, in order to transport the bulk material taken out by the reclaimer 5 in the longitudinal direction of the hull,
A horizontal transfer unit 61 disposed below and along the outlet 56 extending in the front-rear direction of the hull of the hull provided below the base end of each screw 55, and is transferred by the horizontal transfer unit 61. A transport conveyor 6 including a vertical transport unit 62 disposed along the partition 11 is provided for transporting the separated bulk materials 3 upward and transporting them to the ship. An umbrella-shaped cover body 23 covering the upper part of the reclaimer main body 54 is installed over the entire length of the cargo hold 2 in the longitudinal direction of the hull. The cover body 23 has a lower end located outside the outer end of the discharge groove 56 so as to prevent the bulk of the cargo hold 2 from directly entering the discharge groove 56 and an upper guide. The rail 52 is supported. In this embodiment, similar to a conventional bulk carrier, bulk materials 3 are loaded in a bulk state in a cargo hold 2 and transported. At this time, since the side walls 22, 22 of the cargo hold 2 are stretched with slack in the sheet material, as shown in FIG.
As a result, the cargo hold 2 has a larger volume compared to a conventional bulk carrier having a side wall formed of a hard plate, so that a large amount of bulk materials 3 can be loaded. When the bulk material 3 is a bulk material 3 having a relatively small specific gravity, such as wood chips, it is only necessary to use a small ballast tank (not shown) provided in a bulk carrier. Since the draft is shallow, stable operation may not be possible. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, a required amount of seawater 4 is introduced into the bag 4 using a water supply / drainage pump (not shown).
1 to increase the weight of bulk carriers to ensure sufficient draft. Incidentally, At this time, the bag 4 is inflated, and the loaded amount of the bulk material 3 is reduced as compared with the case where the seawater 41 is not supplied into the bag 4 by the inflated amount, so that the required amount of seawater is supplied into the bag 4. If the required amount is not known in advance, a large amount of seawater 41 is first supplied and stored in the bag 4, and then the bulk 3 is loaded. The amount of seawater 41 may be adjusted by sequentially discharging the seawater 41 stored in the seawater. In this embodiment, since each bag 4 is connected to each other, seawater is uniformly stored in all the bags 4, so that the hull does not tilt in the front-rear direction and a more stable state is formed. However, when each bag 4 is made independent, a necessary amount of seawater 41 may be appropriately stored in the necessary bag 4 to create a stable state. Then, in order to unload the bulk materials stored in each cargo hold 2 after the operation, the traveling wheels 53, 54 are rotated while the screws 55, 55 are rotated by the drive mechanism while the conveyor 6 is operated. It is driven to reciprocate in the longitudinal direction of the hull. The bulk materials 3 accommodated in each cargo hold 2 are transferred to their base ends while being discharged from the bottom portion by rotating screws 55, 55, fall from an outlet 56, and move in the lateral direction of the conveyor 6. It is received without being leaked by the transfer part 61 and is put thereon, is sequentially transferred to the vertical transfer part 62, and is then sandwiched between another belt conveyor 63 separated along the vertical transfer part 62. The cargo is conveyed on board and discharged into the hopper 7 provided corresponding to each cargo hold 2. Further, a belt conveyor 8 is disposed below the respective hoppers 7 and is disposed in the left-right direction of the hull, and a collective conveyor is disposed through the discharge end of each belt conveyor 8 and disposed in the front-rear direction of the hull. The bulk material is conveyed to the bow by, for example, 9 and the bulk material is automatically discharged by the shuttle conveyor 10 without opening the hatch provided on the upper deck and without requiring many operators. At the time of unloading, as shown in FIG.
Seawater 41 is further supplied into the baggage 4 to inflate the bag body 4 in accordance with the discharge of the bulk material 3.
The bulk material 3 is protruded into the cargo hold 2 together with the container 5 so that the stored bulk material 3 can be taken out of the cargo hold 2 at the center of the cargo hold 2.
6 can be gathered. Therefore, even in the reclaimer 5 of the type in which the outlet 56 extending in the front-rear direction is provided at the center of the bottom of the cargo hold 2 in the left-right direction as in this embodiment, the loose material 3 remains near the side wall. You will be paid out completely without having to do it.
In particular, when the reclaimer 5 has the cantilevered screws 55, 55 as in this embodiment, the screws 55, 55 can be dispensed without remaining even if they are not extended to near the side walls 22, 22. Material and processing costs are saved, durability can be improved, and less driving force is required, which is labor-saving. At this time, by making the amount of seawater supplied into the bag 4 proportional to the amount of unloading of the bulk material 3 outboard, the draft at the time of unloading can be kept substantially constant. In this embodiment, the hold 1 is water-tightly separated from each other by a plurality of bulkheads 11 arranged at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction of the hull, and the cargo holds 2 are independently installed inside them. Although the case where the present invention is applied to a bulk carrier is shown, the present invention can be similarly applied to a bulk carrier in which one hold 1 is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the hull. In this embodiment, the cantilever screw 55,
Although the reclaimer 5 having 55 is used, the same operation and effect can be obtained in a reclaimer having another configuration. Further, in the present embodiment, the seawater 41 is supplied into the bag body 4 for inflation, but when the cargo is used only for discharging the bulk material 3 in the cargo hold 2 without being left at the time of unloading. Alternatively, for example, compressed air may be supplied into the bag body 4 instead of the seawater 41 to expand the bag body 4. In this case,
Unlike seawater, there is an advantage that the bag body can be contracted by a simple operation of opening the exhaust valve. According to the present invention, the side walls of the cargo hold are formed of a waterproof sheet material stretched with a slack, and the outer side surface of the side wall is extendable and contractable. A water-tight bag of substantially the same size as the side wall is attached, and the bags disposed on the same side of the hull in the bag communicate with each other .
With this configuration, a sufficient draft is ensured and stable operation is possible even when an unloading system is configured to take out and unload bulk materials from the exit located at the bottom of the cargo hold. is there. Further, the adjustment of the ballast merely changes the amount of seawater stored in the bag body, and is extremely simple, does not reduce the loading capacity of the cargo hold, and furthermore, the unloading due to the expansion of the bag body. It has a payout effect,
The draft at the time of unloading can be kept substantially constant by making the amount of seawater supplied to the bag body at the time of unloading proportional to the amount of unloading of bulk materials outboard.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1 in a different state. FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 in a further different state. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a conventional example. FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial view showing a different conventional example. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 6; [Description of Signs] 1 Hold 2 Cargo hold 3 Bulk material 4 Bag 22 Side wall

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B63B 25/04

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] A cargo hold accommodating bulk material is disposed in a hold of the ship, and the bulk material reciprocates in a longitudinal direction of the hull from an outlet disposed at a bottom portion of the cargo hold. In a bulk carrier to be dispensed by a reclaimer, a side wall of the cargo hold is formed of a waterproof sheet material stretched with a slack, and a side wall of each cargo hold is stretchable on an outer surface of the side wall. A water-tight bag of approximately the same size as that of the hull is attached, and the bags arranged on the same side of the hull communicate with each other .
Bulk carrier, characterized in that it is.