JP3500587B2 - Hull of a catamaran barge - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the structure and mechanism of a hull of a ship (boats and ships) which has reduced cruising resistance and enables high-speed cruising. It is. 2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional ship, a single-hull steel floating body is generally used as the hull, and the hull shape is streamlined and the length / width ratio of the hull is set large to reduce cruising resistance. Although the output of the main engine for propulsion is increased to increase the running speed, there are limitations in terms of the hull's volumetric efficiency (contributing to the loading capacity), structural strength, stability, and economics. It is very difficult to reduce the sailing resistance, that is, to increase the speed of the transport landing ships and car ferries (Rampgate), because the bow shape cannot be made sufficiently streamlined and the length-width ratio cannot be large. There's a problem. Recently, due to the necessity of speeding up marine traffic, the hull is made of light metal and / or a single-hull hull is vertically divided to form a twin-hull floating body for small ships, passenger ships, car ferries and the like. A twin-hull floating type with doubled length-width ratio, or a hydrofoil or pneumatic floating type that floats the hull by air pressure, and designed or constructed / operated a high-speed ship with reduced sailing resistance. However, there is a problem that the load capacity is small, and a large output main engine is required, and construction costs and operation costs are high. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to realize a wide hull with a small sailing resistance and to provide a high-speed ship with a large loading capacity. [0005] In order to achieve the above object, a catamaran flat-bottom ship according to the present invention has a submerged horizontal bottom between a side float of a catamaran having a deep draft and a propulsion unit. The central floating body,
In a hull with an inverted concave horizontal cross section with the bottom of the hull at all sides of the bow and tail, both buoyants (central buoyancy and side buoys; the same applies hereinafter) share the buoyancy due to drainage below the waterline, and The submerged portion of the floating body is thin, that is, the length draft ratio is large, and the planar shape of the side floating body is slender, that is, the length-width ratio is large, and
The water line surface (plain section cut along the water surface) of the entire ship is made substantially rectangular and wide. The center floating body has a streamlined lower surface of the bow and tail in a vertical section, and the side floating body has a streamlined bow and tail similar to that of a conventional ship, and the bottom of the bow is shallow if necessary. I do. An appropriate number of blast ports are arranged at the bow of the bottom of the center floating body so as to be distributed over the entire width, and an appropriate number of rectifying fins are arranged along the entire length of the bottom of the ship. As a propulsion device, a main engine is arranged inside a side floating body, and a propulsion device and a rudder are arranged at the stern thereof.
A compression blower is provided inside the side floating body, and it is led to the fumarole with an air supply pipe. In the twin-hull flat-bottom ship constructed as described above, the buoyancy of the two floating bodies is shared such that the draft of the central floating body is shallow, that is, the submerged portion is thin, and the width of the side floating body is narrow, that is, the flat floating body has a flat shape. Is made elongated (for example, to a length-width ratio that is twice as large as that of each floating body of a catamaran), so that the drainage angles (Ang
le of Entrance) and emission angle (Angle)
of Run) has a very small streamline shape, and both floating bodies are extremely close to a flat plate hydraulically, so that the water flow along the hull is extremely smooth, the wave-making action is extremely small, and the sailing resistance is reduced. Because the significantly larger length-width ratio of the side floats widens the central float by the reduced width, making the waterline of the wider ship significantly closer and larger to a rectangle (e.g., doubling than a catamaran), Draft changes due to loading are extremely small, and a large loading capacity and large stability against bow, heel and left and right inclinations are obtained. [0010] With the high-speed cruising, the lift works by the dynamic water pressure acting on the bottom of the bow of the central floating body, and the bow rises. However, the side floating body with sufficiently deep draft keeps the straight running stability of the voyage. [0011] The air jetted from the jet port at the bow of the central floating body below the bottom of the hull is generated by the jet pressure and the hull's cruising.
Since the air layer is formed over the entire width and length of the bottom of the ship, the bottom of the center floating body, which occupies most of the width of the ship, is separated from the water thereunder, and the fluid frictional resistance is drastically reduced. During the cruising, the water and air hitting the bow smoothly flow under the bottom of the ship without jumping to the front due to the dynamic pressure and the suction of the jet air. Promotes layer formation. The air layer is restrained on the left and right sides by the side floating body even in high waves, and does not escape to the outside of the ship. Even when the hull rolls and tilts, the air layer is divided and restrained by rectifying fins and is not biased left and right. It is kept full width over its entire length and reaches the stern and erupts. First Embodiment A hull of a car ferry will be described as a first embodiment and will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. FIG. Side floating bodies 2 are arranged on the left and right sides of the central floating body 1. The bow and tail of each floating body constitute a streamlined hull having draining angles e1, e2 and emission angles r1, r2, respectively. Is used as a loading deck 3, and ramp gates 4a and 4b are provided at its bow and tail ends, respectively, for use in self-propelled loading of vehicles. At the bow of the bottom 5 of the central floating body 1,
Are arranged so that the rectifying fins 7 are distributed over the entire width. It is preferable that each of the blowout ports 6 has an opening / closing mechanism (not shown) so that the amount of blown air can be adjusted. A main engine 8, a generator 9 and a rudder 10 are arranged inside the side floating body 2, a propulsion unit 11 and a rudder 12 are arranged at the stern, and a compression blower 13 and an air pipe 14 are arranged at the bow. The compressor blower 13 may be driven by a diesel engine or a gas turbine. However, it is more convenient to arrange the equipment and to operate the compressor blower, as in the case of auxiliary equipment such as a lamp gate opening / closing, anchoring and mooring. Compressed air 15 from the compressed air blower 13 is supplied to a blast port 6 through an air supply pipe 14 and blows out below the ship bottom 5 to form an air layer 17 with water 16, and the air layer 17 is formed in front of the bow. The water 18 is sucked to prevent the water from jumping in front of the bow, and the bow having the drainage angle e1 of the central floating body 1 floats with dynamic water pressure as the boat sails, and the air 19 in front of the bow is also sucked.
Promotes the formation of an air layer 17 underneath. The air layer 17 is restrained on the left and right sides by the side floating body 2 and does not escape to the side of the boat. The air layer 17 is divided and restrained by the rectifying fins 7 and is not biased left and right, and is maintained at the full width of the bottom 5 over the entire length of the hull. It drips down to the stern. A side structure 20, an upper deck 21, and an upper structure 22 for a passenger cabin, a crew room, and a steering room are provided, and a middle deck 23, a main engine supply / exhaust tube 24,
5 and a ramp gate switchgear and an anchorage / mooring machine (not shown) can be arranged on the bow and tail of the upper deck 21 and the middle deck 23. In addition, it is also possible to adopt a structure in which an up-and-down ramp (Ramp) 26 is provided on the side structure 20 and ramp gates 27a and 27b are provided on the bow and tail of the upper deck 21 so that the vehicle is also loaded on the upper deck 21. In this case, the loading deck 3 described above is used for a heavy vehicle 28 (truck / trailer, etc.), and the upper deck 21 is used for a light vehicle 29 (passenger car, etc.), which is convenient for the structure of the hull and the stability of stability. The vacant space of the side structure 20 can be used not only for ventilation of the loading deck 3 but also for expansion of the deck, loading of general cargo and baggage of passengers, storage, and the like. Embodiment 2 A container / heavy cargo carrier is described as Embodiment 2 and will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The basic structure / mechanism of the hull is the same as in the first embodiment ((1) to (2)), and the following structure / mechanism is added. The top end of the side structure 20 is connected to a runway (Ran
The crane rail 30 is extended by laying a crane rail 30 of the whole hull, mounting a traveling crane 31, and giving a runway spar 32 to the stern.
The cargo 35 is lifted from the vehicle 34 on the quay 33, carried into the ship, and loaded on the loading deck 3. If the ramp gate 4b at the stern is opened and a vehicle such as a forklift is loaded and used together with the unloading of the loaded cargo 35, it is convenient in terms of cargo handling efficiency, or a loaded vehicle can be loaded. If the traveling crane 31 is provided with an overhanging girder 36, loading can be carried from the pier 37 or the barge 38 on the side of the ship, and it is preferable that the overhanging girder 36 has a folding structure. A bow tower 39 is provided at the bow, and a warehouse, a residential area, and the like are provided. A bridge 40 is provided thereon, and the side structure 20 is provided.
In the same manner as in the above-described first embodiment, it is used not only for the expansion of the loading deck 3 and the supply / exhaust pipe 24 for the main engine, but also for a warehouse, a watertight section for preliminary buoyancy (not shown), and the like. Embodiment 3 By combining Embodiments 1 and 2 described above,
Various high speed transport landing ships can be provided, one example of which will be described with reference to FIGS. As in the first embodiment, heavy vehicles such as tanks and troop transport vehicles are loaded on the loading deck 3, and various light vehicles are loaded on the upper deck 21.
The upper deck 21 is used for the helicopter and the aviation deck for vertical and short-range takeoff and landing aircraft, as well as the supply / exhaust stack 24 for the main engine, the elevating ramp 26 for the vehicle, the living space 41 for the crew and the crew, etc. it can. If the bottom of the bow of the side floating body 2 is designed to be shallow and the ramp gate 4a is designed to be of a long type such as a folding type, it is possible to reach the fabric shore 42 at high speed and directly berth. The direct landing of the equipment can be carried out quickly, and after the landing of all troops and vehicles, the cargo deck 3 of the ship is used as a causeway and the subsequent large transport landing ship 43 is moored in series at the stern, and the ship is moored. Passengers / vehicles loaded on 43 can also pass and land. If necessary, it is also possible to design such that the cargo handling equipment (traveling crane, etc.) of the above-mentioned third embodiment is installed in parallel to load and unload small boats / boats and various materials. The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects. As described in the aforementioned paragraph number (0005), in a hull having an inverted concave cross section with the bottom of the stern being fully stern, the buoyancy of both floating bodies 1 and 2 causes the submerged portion to be thin and flat, respectively. Both the elongated floating bodies 1 and 2 constitute a substantially rectangular and wide waterline surface of the entire hull, and as shown in the aforementioned paragraph number (0009), a significantly large length draft ratio and length width ratio, and an extremely rectangular shape. It is a great feature of the present invention to realize a water line surface having a large value close to that of the prior art, and to make it possible to achieve both a high speed force and a high load capacity which are contradictory in the prior art. The side float 2 has a deep draft D2, and the propulsion unit and rudder disposed thereat operate at a high water depth, so that the propulsion / steering efficiency is high and the main engine output can be sufficiently increased. A high-speed force is obtained in combination with the reduction in running resistance, and as described in the aforementioned paragraph number (0011),
Air is supplied to the bow of the bottom of the central floating body 1 occupying most of the width of the hull, and air is interposed on the entire surface of the bottom 5, drastically reducing the fluid frictional resistance of the bottom 5 and further reducing the running resistance. High speed power is obtained. The waterline surface of the hull is substantially rectangular, and the draft per unit weight of the hull is small, and the stability of the hull is large.
Since the levitation and inclination are small, safe cargo handling can be performed. Even during sailing, buoyancy according to the inclination and roll works effectively through the air layer divided by the rectifying fin below the bottom of the ship, so that stability is good. Since the length draft ratio (L / D1) of the central floating body and the length-width ratio (L / B2) of the side floating body are extremely large, each floating body has a central parallel part without deteriorating the streamline of the bow and tail. Since the hull can be used for a long time, the hull's volumetric efficiency (columnar thinning coefficient) can be large, so that a hull with a large loading capacity can be obtained. The plane shape of the hull is rectangular, and a wide and wide rectangular loading deck and upper deck can be obtained.
It is possible to provide a car ferry that can easily and safely enter and exit straight ahead, and a traveling crane that runs at high speed on all loading decks and that can carry out highly efficient and safe cargo handling at the stern and side of the ship. In both cases, cargo can be loaded efficiently on the deck, and the same applies to transport landing ships obtained as a combination of both. Since the draft D1 of the central floating body is small as described above, the water pressure applied to the bottom of the ship is small, and
Since the air from the front of the 012 is also added, the compressed air ejected to the bottom of the ship to form an air layer requires only a low pressure and a small amount.
That is, the capacity and size of the compression blower are small, which is convenient for the cruising power efficiency, and can be accommodated in the side floating body and the side structure, and do not impair the entire width and all the above-mentioned loading deck. The entire hull is wide and has a length-to-width ratio (L /
B) is small and the distance S between the center of the side floating bodies, that is, the distance S between the axes of the right and left thrusters is large. Therefore, if the deceleration / reverse operation of the thruster of one side floating body is added to the steering, the turning moment is large, and It is also possible to turn around quickly, stop and turn at very low speed, which is convenient for avoiding danger and maneuvering in narrow ports. The bow of the side floating body can be made shallow at the bottom with little or no impairment of the straight running stability and the function of forming the air layer below the bottom of the center floating body, so that the bow can be used even on shallow rock walls or shores of fabric. It is possible to take off and land on the shore, and since the central floating body is wide and shallow draft, the freeboard height F of the loading deck is low even if there is sufficient buoyancy of the whole hull combined with the side floating body for narrow and deep drafting.・ Provides high-speed car ferries and transport landing ships with ramp gates that can be set up on piers and shores of fabrics with a gentle slope.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hull according to a first embodiment, and a right side of the figure is a bow direction. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the hull according to the first embodiment, where the upper half of the figure is a top view of the main structure of the hull as viewed from above, and the lower half is a bottom view of the bottom of the hull as viewed from below. FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the hull in the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a hull according to a second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of a hull in a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a hull according to a third embodiment. FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of a hull in a third embodiment. [Description of Signs] 1 Central Floating Body 2 Side Floating Body 3 Loading Deck 4a, 27a Bow Lamp Gate 4b, 27b Stern Lamp Gate 5 Bottom of Central Floating Body 6 Fume Port 7 Rectifying Fin (Fin) 8 Main Engine 9 Generator 10 Steering Aircraft 11 Propeller 12 Rudder 13 Compression blower 14 Air supply pipe 15 Compressed air 16 Water under the hull 17 Air layer 18 Water in front of bow 19 Air in front of bow 20 Shipboard side structure 21 Upper deck 22 Upper structure 23 Middle deck 24 Main engine supply・ Exhaust stack 25 Elevating stairs 26 Elevating ramps 28 Heavy vehicles 29 Light vehicles 30 Crane rails 31 Traveling cranes 32, 36 Overhang girders 33 Quays 34 Vehicles 35 Cargoes 37 Piers 38 Barges 39 Forecastles 40 Bridges 41 Living areas 42 Beaches 43 Transportation and landing Ship L Length of hull B Hull width D1 Draft of center floating body D2 Draft of side floating body B2 Width of side floating body e1, e2 Drainage angle r1, r2 Emission angle S Propeller shaft distance F Freeboard height

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] A central floating body (1) of a submerged horizontal bottom is provided between the side floating bodies (2) of a twin-hull having a deep draft and a propulsion device, and In the hull having an inverted concave horizontal cross section arranged so as to be able to communicate with each other, the floating bodies (1) and (2) are made to share the buoyancy due to the drainage amount below the water line, and the submerged portion of the central floating body (1) is thinned. long,
A hull shape in which the plane shape of the side floating body (2) is elongated and the waterline surface of the entire ship is substantially rectangular and wide.