JP3500809B2 - Root cropper - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine for harvesting root vegetables, such as carrots, which has a good harvest of root vegetables. FIG. 28 is a side view of a conventional root vegetable harvester, and FIG. 29 is a plan view of the root vegetable harvester as viewed from above. The root vegetable harvester sandwiches an endless belt-type crawler 1, a vehicle body 2 supported on the axle of the crawler 1, an operating unit 5 supported by the vehicle body 2, excavation of root vegetables and foliage of root vegetables. It comprises a digging section 4 to be transported rearward and a storage section 7 provided behind the digging section 4 for storing harvested carrots. The digging section 4 of the root vegetable harvesting machine is composed of a raising device 9 provided with a lug 8 for raising the foliage and a pair of endless belts for rotating the raised foliage in opposite directions. It has a structure of excavating root vegetables by sandwiching with 10. [0004] In the conventional root vegetable harvesting machine shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, if there is a root vegetable that has failed to be dug by the dug part 4, the crawler 1 will step on the root vegetable. The stomached root vegetables lose their commercial value. Further, as shown in FIGS. 30 and 31, it is necessary to manually dig root vegetables planted in the ridges in the peripheral area shown by the hatched portions in the field. FIG. 30 shows an example of round digging, and the operation shown in FIG. 31 is an example of repeated digging of forward and backward movements. [0006] Therefore, by slightly offset so as not nipping position of the root of the pair of causing device 9 and the clamping conveyor belt 10 in the forward traveling direction of the crawler 1, as shown in FIG. 32
Slide mechanism (parallel link 12
The electric cylinder 13 and the parallel link 12
There is known a structure having a connecting arm mechanism 15) for the cylinder 13 and fixing the same at an offset position. In this case, there is no fear of stepping on the root vegetables that have failed to be dug out, but a schematic plan view showing the positional relationship between the pulling device 9 and the traveling direction of the crawler 1 and the multi-row planting root vegetables in FIG. As shown in the drawing, the harvester must be used to dig the root vegetables by hand excavation in advance by the offset of the raising device 9 (the root vegetables indicated by broken lines in FIG. 33). [0008] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a root vegetable harvesting machine which does not increase the number of root vegetables in hand digging and which does not step on the root vegetables even when the harvest of root vegetables by the digging device fails. It is to be. The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following constitution. That has a digging-up unit for transporting pinch dig the foliage portions of the root, in root vegetable harvester which moves the crawler, the tip of the digging-up portion and the traveling direction of one of the crawler and almost matched positions the black
To be movable to a position offset to the outside of the
In addition, the root vegetable harvester is capable of digging and raising the foliage of root vegetables at both positions so that it can be pinched and transported . Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited by the following examples. An example using carrots as root vegetables will be described. The root vegetable harvesting machine according to one embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as the side view shown in FIG. 28 and the plan view shown in FIG. 1 to 3 show plan views of the root vegetable harvester of the present embodiment as viewed from above. The root vegetable harvester includes an endless belt type crawler 1, a vehicle body 2 supported on the axle of the crawler 1, an operating unit 5 supported by the vehicle body 2, excavation of root vegetables and foliage of root vegetables. The digging section 4 is sandwiched and transported rearward, and a storage section 7 provided behind the digging section 4 for storing harvested carrots. The digging section 4 of the root vegetable harvesting machine includes a raising device 9 provided with a raising lug 8 for digging a foliage portion coming out of the ground and a pair of endless belts for rotating the foliage portion in opposite directions. It has a structure in which root vegetables are dug out by being clamped by the belt 10, but the feature of the present embodiment is that it is raised in plan view and the position where the extension line of the device 9 coincides with the center of one crawler 1 and the inside of the crawler 1 That is, it is possible to move to at least two positions offset from each other. The moving mechanism includes a parallel link 12 for moving the holding and conveying belt 10 in parallel, an electric cylinder 13 for moving the parallel link 12, a parallel link 12, and an electric cylinder 13.
Of the connecting arm mechanism 15. The electric cylinder 13 is provided on the side of the harvester main body in front of the driver's seat 5. That is, in the harvester according to the present embodiment, the portion for raising the foliage at the tips of the pair of nipping and conveying belts 10 is offset inward from the traveling direction of one crawler 1 as shown in FIG. In addition to being able to move to a position and a forward position in the traveling direction of the crawler 1 as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to move to a position offset outside the traveling direction of one crawler as shown in FIG. Has become. [0015] As shown in FIG.
The actual procedure for digging carrots planted in four rows in one ridge by arranging the part 9 for raising the foliage at the tip of 0 at the position offset inside the traveling direction of one crawler 1 is described. As shown in FIG. First, carrots on the outermost strip are dug by the soiler 16 or the like on the outward route. However, since the crawler 1 advances outside the raising line of the raising device 9, a mistake in pinching of foliage occurs. There is no fear that the crawler 1 will step on the vehicle. Similarly, on the return trip, the carrot on the outermost strip on the opposite side to the outward trip is dug, but it is sufficient that the raising device 9 is offset inward as it is. Then, the carrots for the middle two rows can be harvested again on the outward route and the return route. Thus, in the present embodiment, the portion of the pair of raising devices 9 and the portion of the foliage raising device 9 at the tip of the pair of nipping and conveying belts 10 is located at a position offset inward from the traveling direction of one crawler. Since they can be arranged, there is no danger of stepping on the crawler 1 even if an error occurs in foliage pinching, and there is no need to dig by hand. A pair of nipping and conveying belts 1 shown in FIG.
In the case where the portion of the foliage raising device 9 provided at the front end of the crawler 1 is offset to the outside of the traveling direction of the one crawler 1 ("outside offset" and shown in FIGS. 5 and 6), one of them is used. The case where the carrots are arranged in front of the crawler 1 ("not offset outside" and described in FIGS. 5 and 6) is used properly, and the actual hand digging of the carrots planted in four rows in one ridge is performed. FIGS. 5 and 6 show the unnecessary dugout procedure. Further, as the carrot storage unit mounted on the carrot harvester of the present embodiment, one having the configuration shown in FIGS. 7 to 12 can be used. 7 (side view), FIG. 8
(Plan view) and FIG. 9 (view of the main part from behind the harvester),
The configuration of the storage section shown in FIG. 10 (main part plan view) and FIG. 11 (main part side view) facilitates handling of the carrot storage container (carry) 31. That is, when the carrots in the container 31 are full, the container mounting plate 44 at the rear of the vehicle body 2 is inclined by the lever operation from the driver's seat 5 so that the container 31 is discharged to the rear of the harvester. To slide down to the ground. A narrow belt 47 that moves independently of the carrot transport belt 46 is provided at both ends of the carrot transport belt 46, and the narrow belt 47 has a large number of protrusions 49 erected at equal intervals. When the width belt 47 rotates, the spare container 31 comes into contact with the projection 49 and is moved, and the empty container 31 is set in the storage unit 7. At this time, the carrot transport belt 46 has stopped. The projection 49 of the narrow belt 47 also has a function of preventing the empty container 31 being transferred from slipping. Carrot transport belt 46 and narrow belt 47
Are driven independently of the engine via an electromagnetic clutch 50. That is, when storing carrots in the container 31, the carrot transport belt 46 is driven and the narrow belt 47 is stopped. FIG. 12 shows a carrot transport belt 4.
6 is a mechanism diagram in which the driving force from the engine is transmitted to the belt 6 and the narrow belt 47 via the respective electromagnetic clutches 50 and 51 of the respective belts 46 and 47. Further, the container mounting plate shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 has two plates 52 and 53.
The first plate 52 is arranged in the frame 54 of the second plate 53, and the second plate 53 has a large number of grids in the arrangement space of the first plate 52 and the frame 54. And a portion adjacent to the space in which the rollers 55 are supported.
This makes it possible to move up and down about the rear end of the harvester body. The second plate 53 is constantly urged upward by a spring (not shown). When the first plate 52 starts to tilt,
A switch 58 (FIG. 11) provided on the vehicle body near the fulcrum of rotation of the first plate 52 is connected in series to the electromagnetic clutch 56, and a switch 59 (FIG. 11) provided below the first plate 52 is It is connected in series to the electromagnetic clutch 51 (FIG. 4). FIG. 13 is a flow chart for storing carrots in the container 31 and discharging the full container 31 out of the harvester, and FIG. 14 is a time chart of the clutches 50 and 51 and the switches 58 and 59. Each is shown in FIG. When the container 31 is full of carrots,
The operator turns on a container discharge switch (not shown) in the driver's seat and tilts the first plate 52. When the first plate 52 is lowered, the second plate 53 is also inclined by its weight. When the first plate 52 begins to tilt, the switch 58 provided on the vehicle body near the fulcrum of rotation of the first plate 52 is turned off, the electromagnetic clutch 50 is turned on, and the driving of the carrot transport belt 46 is stopped. When the second plate 53 tilts, the container 31 on the first plate 52 descends to the ground. Since the first plate 52 is provided with the switch 59, when the container 31 is left on the first plate 52, the switch 59 is turned off. The operator confirms that the switch 59 has been turned off with an instruction lamp in the driver's seat, and turns off the container discharge switch. This operation may be performed by automation means. Then, the cylinder 56 raises the first plate 52 to the original position (horizontal position), and the switch 58 provided on the vehicle body near the fulcrum of rotation of the first plate 52 is also turned on. By the switch 59, the electromagnetic clutch 51 is turned on, the narrow belt 47 starts to be driven, and the spare container 31 is transported to the carrot storage position. When the switch 59 is turned on, the electromagnetic clutch 51 is turned off, the driving of the narrow belt 47 is stopped, and then the electromagnetic clutch 50 is turned off, and the driving of the carrot transport belt 46 is started. Resume storage of carrots. As described above, the container mounting plates 52, 5
The inclination of 3 can be performed only by the driver operating the driver's seat, and there is no need to move down the empty container 31 from the driver's seat, so that an assistant is not required. As shown in FIG. 16, a storage bag 61 for storing carrots is provided behind the carrot conveyor belt 46 so as to be hung by a pair of guides 62.
1 can also be provided with a bundle of folded ends of a plurality of spare folded storage bags in a pair of guides 62 so that they can be manually and continuously set. This storage bag 61
When the carrot is made of a cloth made of fiber or the like, the carrot is not damaged or broken when the carrot is dropped and stored. FIG. 17 is a side view of the root vegetable harvesting machine, and FIG. 18 is a plan view of the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIG. 17 when viewed from above. A leaf storage box 17 for collecting leaf discharge is provided, and a leaf discharge fan 19 for sending wind to discharge leaves on the side surface of the leaf storage box 17 and a leaf auger 2 for transmitting leaf discharge blown out by the leaf discharge fan.
0 is provided. The foliage is raised by the raising device 9, and the raised foliage is transported by the nipping transport belt 10, and the transport direction is substantially perpendicular to the nipping transport belt 10 provided behind the nipping transport belt 10. The carrot is distinguished into a root and a foliage by a foliage cutting cutter 23 and a straight root (beard root) cutting cutter 24 provided on a foliage cutting belt 21 provided with. The cut leaves are held by the nipping and conveying belt 10.
As it is, it is sent to the leaf discharge storage box 17, passes through the leaf discharge auger 20 by the wind sent by the leaf discharge fan 19, and is discharged to the field scene in front of the operator. The conventional leaf discharge processing device uses a chain and a rug for raising rice straw. However, if the cut leaf discharge is short, it is not discharged well, and the leaves are accumulated in the processing device. As a result, there is a possibility that a trouble that long leaves are not discharged is caused. However, the use of the leaf storage box 17 shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 has the following effects. (1) The leaves can be discharged regardless of the length of the leaves and without clogging the leaf discharging device. (2) Since the compact arrangement is possible, the operator can visually check the vegetables flowing on the storage conveyor 25. The carrot harvester shown in FIG. 19 (side view) and FIG. 20 (plan view) transports foliage with the nipping transport belt 10 and has foliage having a transport direction substantially orthogonal to the nipping transport belt 10. This is an example in which carrots are arranged on the cutting belt 21 and the foliage is cut by the cutters 23 and 24. This carrot harvester cuts the foliage of carrots into an opening (leaf hole) at the center of the machine body. 26 to discharge to the ground. In the case of this configuration, the leaf ejection hole 26 at the center of the machine body
In order to discharge the foliage to the ground more, the following effects are obtained. (1) As compared with the case where the paper is discharged to the rear of the harvester, the nipping and conveying part such as the nipping and conveying belt 10 can be shortened. (2) The storage section 7 provided behind the harvester becomes wider. (3) Leaves and dust are not applied to workers by wind. The carrot harvester shown in FIG. 21 (side view) and FIG. 22 (plan view) holds the foliage with the nipping and conveying belt 10, pulls out the foliage of the carrot, and conveys it. A pair of foliage cutting belts 27a and 27b is provided below the conveyor belt 10 in a conveying direction at an angle smaller than the inclination angle of the nipping conveyor belt 10 with respect to the ground or in a horizontal direction. And a belt 27a for cutting foliage,
27b is an endless belt 2 having a short conveying path.
7a, and the other is composed of an L-shaped endless belt 27b in a positional relationship in which an endless belt 27a having a short conveyance path is disposed inside. A cutter 28 that cuts the root of the foliage in the horizontal direction is disposed below the place where the foliage is held between the pair of foliage cutting belts 27a and 27b. Further, between the L-shaped belt 27b in the foliage cutting belt and one of the nipping and conveying belts 10,
Nipping rods 29 and 30 that elastically contact the respective belts 10 and 27b are provided, respectively. Therefore,
After the carrot foliage is cut below the foliage cutting belts 27a, 27b, the lower part of the foliage is clamped by the L-shaped foliage cutting belt 27b and one clamping rod 30, and the upper part of the foliage is one side. And the other holding rod 29. Therefore, since the leaves are transported in two stages, the following effects are obtained. (1) Leaf discharge can be transported reliably because it is transported in two stages, upper and lower. (2) Since the storage conveyor 25 for storing the carrots in the storage unit 7 is not in the same direction as the discharge conveyance direction of the leaf discharge, the storage conveyor 25 can be disposed at a steep angle with respect to the ground, and The total length of the space can be reduced. (3) Since the leaves are not conveyed on the storage conveyor 25, a person can easily select the carrot root. The carrot harvester shown in FIGS. 23 (side view) and FIG. 24 (top view)
After transporting by 0, a cushion is provided on the way to cut the foliage into the container 31 for storing the harvested product and the carrot is dropped into the container 31 after reducing the falling speed of the harvested product. Things. This is because when there is no crop in the container 31, if the carrot is dropped from a height difference equal to or higher than the height of the side wall of the container 31, the carrot may be broken by an impact. It is. For this purpose, the carrots conveyed by the nipping conveyance belt 10 are cut by the cutter 34 while being conveyed by the next foliage cutting belt 32, and the carrots are transferred to the storage conveyor 25 and stored in the container 31. Container 3
A rubber string 35 is stretched immediately above and adjacent to one in one direction, and both ends of the rubber string 35 are fixed to the container wall surface. The carrots falling from the storage conveyor 25 are configured to fall in the same direction as the direction in which the rubber string 35 is stretched. Is absorbed into the container 31 and the initial speed
Free fall from Here, the configuration in which the carrots falling from the storage conveyor 25 fall in the same direction as the direction in which the rubber cord 35 is stretched is as follows. A position where the conveying direction of the foliage cutting belt 32 is provided obliquely with respect to the conveying direction of the nipping and conveying belt 10, and a portion below the foliage cutting belt 32 and in contact with a portion close to a direct root (beard root) of a carrot. By arranging the endless belt 36 in the direction opposite to the direction of conveyance of the foliage cutting belt 32, the direction closer to the direct root in the process of foliage leaning to one side in the conveyance of the foliage cutting belt 36 tilts in the opposite direction, When the carrot is put on the storage conveyor 25, the carrot is directed in the direction in which the rubber string 35 is stretched. In this way, when the carrot is falling,
As a result, the falling speed becomes slower, and the impact at the time of collision with the bottom of the container 31 or another harvest can be reduced. In addition, the carrot does not break, and the harvest in the other container 31 is not jumped off, and the direction is not changed. The carrot can be dropped into the container 31 without being damaged even with the structure shown in the side view of the schematic harvested carrot storage section 7 shown in FIG. This is provided with an L-shaped arm 38 at the rear of the storage conveyor 25, and from an end thereof, an ID-shaped elastic body 39 is supported by a supporting arm 40.
Is configured to be hooked on the container 31 by the hook 42 via the. FIG. 26 shows an interdigital transducer 3
It is a front view of 9 parts. In this way, once the carrots falling from the storage conveyor 25 are received by the interdigital elastic body 39, the shock at the time of falling is relieved, and the interdigital elastic body 39 is relieved.
The carrot can be safely stored in the container 31 by dropping the space. As shown in the side view of the carrot harvester shown in FIG. 27, a configuration in which a towable container table 43 capable of loading a plurality of containers 31 is installed behind the harvester is adopted.
Even when the container is fully loaded, the container 31 can be lowered to the ground only by applying a small force toward the rear, and the next container 31 can be slid and installed. It is desirable that the towable container table 43 has a connecting portion capable of coping with slight irregularities on the ground. Conventional container 31 is 40 to 50c from the ground.
m, which required a certain amount of strength to lower it to the ground when it was fully loaded, and was a heavy labor. However, the use of the apparatus shown in FIG. According to the present invention, four rows are planted in one ridge.
You can dig out carrots without hand digging
You.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view of a root vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the root vegetable harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the root vegetable harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a digging operation procedure using the root vegetable harvester of FIGS. 1 to 3; FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a digging operation procedure using the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIGS. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a digging operation procedure using the root vegetable harvester of FIGS. 1 to 3; FIG. 7 is a side view of a root vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. 8 shows a plan view of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 7 as viewed from above. 9 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a storage section of the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIG. 10 shows a plan view of a storage section of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 7; FIG. 11 shows a side view of a storage section of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 7; FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a driving mechanism of a conveying means of a storage section of the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIG. 7; FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the device of the storage unit of the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIG. 7; 14 shows an electric circuit diagram of an electromagnetic clutch and a switch of a storage section of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 7; FIG. 15 is a time chart of a storage section of the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIG. 7; FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a storage section of the root vegetable harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 shows a side view of a root vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. 18 shows a plan view of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 17 as viewed from above. FIG. 19 is a side view of a root vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. 20 shows a plan view of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 19 as viewed from above. FIG. 21 shows a side view of a root vegetable harvesting machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 shows a plan view of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 21 as viewed from above. FIG. 23 shows a side view of a root vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 24 shows a plan view of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 23 as viewed from above. FIG. 25 shows a schematic diagram of a root vegetable harvester storage section of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 is a plan view of a main part of the storage section of FIG. 25. FIG. 27 is a side view of a root vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 28 shows a side view of a conventional root vegetable harvester. FIG. 29 is a plan view of the root vegetable harvester of FIG. 28 as viewed from above. FIG. 30 is an explanatory view of a work procedure for digging around a conventional root vegetable harvester. FIG. 31 is a view for explaining a work procedure of forward and backward excavation of a conventional root cropper. FIG. 32 is a plan view showing a state in which the pulling device of the conventional root crop harvester and the root crop clamping position of the clamping transport belt are offset from the crawler traveling direction. FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a problem with the root vegetable harvesting machine of FIG. 32. [Description of Signs] 1 Crawler 2 Car body 4 Digging part 5 Operating part 7 Storage part 8 Raising lug 9 Raising device 10 Nipping and transporting belt 12 Parallel link 13 Electric cylinder 16 Soiler 17 Leaf storage box 19 Leaf fan Reference Signs List 20 Leaf auger 21 Foliage cutting belt 23 Foliage cutting cutter 24 Straight root cutting cutter 25 Storage conveyor 26 Opening (leaf discharge hole) 27 Foliage cutting belt 28 Cutter 29, 30 Holding rod 31 Container (carry) 32 Foliage cutting belt 34 Cutter 35 Rubber string 36 Endless belt 37 L-shaped arm 39 Interdigital elastic body 40 Support arm 42 Hook 43 Towable container table 44 Container mounting plate 46 Carrot transport belt 47 Narrow belt 49 Projection 50, 51 Electromagnetic clutches 52, 53 Container mounting plate 54 Frame 55 Roller 56 Cylinder 58, 59 Switch 61 Storage bag 62 Guide

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Seiichi Arima 1st Hachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture Iseki Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Nakamura 1st Hachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture Iseki Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-8-256552 (JP, A) JP-A-8-252016 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01D 13/00 -33/14

Claims (1)

(1) A root vegetable harvesting machine that has a digging part for digging up and transporting a root and leaf portion of a root vegetable by nipping and transporting the root part, and the tip of the digging part is one crawler. A position almost coincident with the traveling direction of the crawler and a position offset to the outside of the crawler
Movably provided, and the foliage of root vegetables at both positions
A root vegetable harvester characterized by being able to excavate and pinch and transport .