JP3501992B2 - Garbage processing machine and garbage processing method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for decomposing raw garbage (organic waste such as food residues) by the action of microorganisms, and in particular, it is capable of decomposing raw garbage efficiently in a short time. The present invention relates to a processing machine and a method of processing garbage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the progress of mass production and mass consumption, a large amount of waste is generated, which has become a serious social problem. Particularly, since garbage has a bad odor and contains a large amount of water, it has been difficult to treat it. Therefore, in recent years, a wide variety of devices for treating food waste have been developed for household and business use.

As a processing mechanism, there is a type in which raw garbage is heated and dried with warm air or the like to reduce the volume, but most of them use microorganisms to decompose the raw garbage.

According to the garbage disposal of that kind,
It is widely used because it can decompose garbage into water and carbon dioxide by the action of microorganisms.

[0005]

However, the conventional garbage processing machine utilizing the action of microorganisms, because a large amount of base such as sawdust or wood chips in which microorganisms are cultured is mixed with garbage, It was inefficient because the amount of raw garbage that could be processed was small.

For this reason, there are cases in which the amount of raw garbage added to the base is large, but this not only causes the raw garbage to become sludge due to the water generated during the treatment, but also makes it difficult to dispose of it. However, as the liquidity of raw garbage increases, the activity of microorganisms slows down, and it takes a lot of time to dispose of it.

Therefore, there are many examples in which the generated water is heated and evaporated by hot air during the processing, but this requires a large amount of heat, which in turn increases the processing cost. There was a flaw.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently decompose raw garbage at low cost without mixing a large amount of base material. To do.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a fermentation tank having a press at the bottom, a stirring blade for stirring raw garbage contained therein, and the stirring blade. And a water tank installed outside the fermentation tank, the fermentation tank having an upper tank equipped with stirring blades and a groove-shaped lower tank at the bottom of the upper tank, and the lower part thereof. The tank is provided with a spiral screw as a squeezing machine, and a drain port for discharging the water squeezed out by the screw to the outside is formed, and the water flowing out from the drain port is collected in the water tank. The raw garbage processing machine is characterized in that by rotating the screw, the raw garbage in the lower tank is sent to the upper tank after being squeezed, and the raw garbage is circulated between the upper tank and the lower tank. To do.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, as a method for efficiently decomposing raw garbage by microorganisms, raw garbage containing microorganisms introduced into the fermenter is squeezed and squeezed by a press at the bottom of the fermenter while stirring. The collected water is extracted from the bottom of the fermenter, and the garbage that is squeezed by the squeezing machine is equipped with a stirring blade.
Was allowed to reflux at the top of the fermenter was agitated to provide a processing method of garbage and repeating the circulation that squeezed squeezing machine flowed into the bottom of the back fermentor the garbage.

Particularly, in the present invention, as a more preferable method,
Stir the raw garbage containing microorganisms put in the fermenter while squeezing it at the bottom, and continue to stir and squeeze the raw garbage in the fermenter while extracting the squeezed water from the bottom of the fermenter. At the same time, the cake obtained by filtering the extracted water is reduced from the upper part of the fermenter to the inside thereof.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an application example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a partially disassembled garbage disposal according to the present invention. 2 and 3 show the front and back of the same garbage disposal, respectively.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a machine frame formed by connecting structural steels, and a fermenter 2 having a volume of about 2500 liters is fixed to the machine frame 1 in a suspension form. The fermentation tank 2 is formed by integrally forming an upper tank 2A having a semicircular bottom surface to which a heater (not shown) is attached, and a groove-shaped lower tank 2B communicating with the bottom of the upper tank 2A. The upper tank 2A is provided with a charging port 3 formed in the upper part thereof and a stirring blade 4 for stirring the raw garbage charged from the charging port.

The stirring blades 4 are partition plates 5 before and after the upper tank 2A.
It is composed of a rotating shaft 4A penetrating through and a plurality of stirring rods 4B fixed to the rotating shaft. Of these, both ends of the rotating shaft 4A are rotatably supported by bearing units 6 fixed to the machine frame 1. In addition, each stirring rod 4B is provided in a spiral shape with the mounting angles sequentially shifted in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 4A.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 7 denotes a motor which constitutes a drive source for the stirring blade 4, and the motor 7 and the rotating shaft 4A of the stirring blade are linked by a transmission system 8. The transmission system 8 includes a sprocket 8A attached to one end of the rotary shaft 4A, a sprocket 8C connected to the sprocket 8A via a chain 8B, a sprocket 8D coaxially provided with the sprocket 8C, and a chain 8E attached to the sprocket 8D. And a sprocket 8F that are connected via. The sprocket 8F is fixed to the drive shaft of the motor 7 installed in the machine frame 1, and the driven shaft 9 fixing the sprockets 8C and 8D is rotatably supported by the bearing unit 10 attached to the machine frame 1. ing.

Then, the stirring blade 4 is rotated in a predetermined direction by receiving the power of the motor 7 from its transmission system 8, and at this time, each stirring rod 4B is rotated while its tip is brought close to the bottom surface of the upper tank 2A. It is like this. That is, the bottom surface of the upper tank 2A is an arc surface centered on the rotation shaft 4A, and the lower tank 2B is integrally formed in the center of the bottom surface as described above.

In the figure, reference numeral 11 is a groove-shaped trough forming the lower tank 2B, and inside thereof, a pressing machine 12 for squeezing the raw garbage flowing from the upper tank 2A is installed. The compressor 12 is composed of a spiral screw provided along the trough 11, and is composed of a screw shaft 12A parallel to the rotating shaft 4A of the stirring blade and a spiral blade 12B formed on the outer periphery thereof. Here, the screw shaft 12A
Both ends of which are rotatably supported by bearings (not shown), and one end of which is a sprocket 13 for receiving power.
Is fixed.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 14 is a motor that forms the power source of the compressor 12, and a sprocket 15 fixed to its drive shaft and a sprocket 13 fixed to the screw shaft 12A are linked by a chain 16. . Thus,
The squeezing machine 12 receives the power of the motor 14 to rotate in a predetermined direction, and squeezes the raw garbage that has fallen from the communication port 17 with the upper tank 2A to the lower tank 2B in the longitudinal direction thereof. The squeezed raw garbage is returned to the upper tank 2A from the forward end of the squeezing machine 12, is agitated while being sent in the opposite direction by the stirring blades 4 in the upper tank 2A, and then flows into the lower tank 2B again and is squeezed. The cycle of being repeated is repeated.

Here, on the bottom surface of the trough 11 is a drainage port 1 consisting of a screen such as a wire mesh or a perforated plate over the entire length thereof.
8 is formed, and the water squeezed out of the garbage by the press 12 is collected in the water tank 20 through the drainage port 18.

The water tank 20 is composed of a lower tank 21 installed below the fermentation tank 2 and an upper tank 22 installed on the upper surface of the fermentation tank 2, and both tanks 21 and 22 are lift pipes 23. It is connected. Then, the water that has flowed into the lower tank 21 from the bottom of the fermenter 2 is pumped up and sent to the upper tank 22, which is filtered and purified by the upper tank 22 and then drained to a predetermined place. .

The machine frame 1 is provided with a gutter 24 for guiding the water flowing out from the bottom of the fermenter 2 through the drain port 18 to the lower tank 21, and the lower part near or inside the lower tank 21. A pump 25 for pumping the stored water in the tank 21 is provided (see FIG. 3). here,
Instead of providing the gutter 24, the lower tank 21 may be provided along the entire bottom surface of the lower tank 2B so that all the drainage from the drainage port 18 is dropped directly to the lower tank 21.

On the other hand, as is apparent from FIG. 1, the upper tank 22 has a water receiving portion 27 and a water purifying portion 28 which are partitioned by a partition plate 26, and has an inclined shape for connecting both portions 27, 28. The bottom surface of the water channel 29 is formed as a screen 30 for passing the water flowing from the water receiving section 27 to the water purification section 28 after purification. A receiving port 31 facing the downstream end of the screen 30 is formed on the upper surface of the fermenter 2 so that the filtered cake remaining on the screen 30 is returned from the receiving port 31 to the inside of the fermenter 2. There is.

Here, 32 is a staircase formed along with the machine frame 1 so as to be able to go up onto the fermentation tank 2, and 33 is a safety fence formed on the periphery of the machine frame 1 on the fermentation tank 2. Further, 34 is the lower tank 2
It is a chute that is swingably provided at one outer end of B. From this chute 34, the unprocessed raw garbage can be taken out by reversing the pressing machine 12.

Next, a method of treating food waste will be described by taking the food waste processing machine configured as described above as an example. First, a predetermined amount of raw garbage is put into the fermenter 2 from the input port 3 (in the present example, the upper limit of the input amount per time is 500 kg, and this can be divided into two times and processed at 1000 kg per day). Then, a filamentous fungus, actinomycete, or other microorganism for decomposing this is added, and preferably a suitable amount of a mixture of food enzymes such as lipase and amylase is added thereto. Then, the motor 7 is driven to rotate the stirring blade 4 in a predetermined direction, thereby stirring the raw garbage in the fermenter 2, while driving the motor 14 to rotate the pressing machine 12 in the predetermined direction. The raw garbage inside is squeezed at the bottom.

Thus, the garbage in the fermenter 2 is mixed with the stirring blades 4.
While being agitated, it is sent in the direction of its rotation axis, at which time part of it drops into the lower tank 2B, and in the lower tank 2B is sent by the squeezing machine 12 in the direction opposite to the garbage in the upper tank 2A. While being squeezed, after squeezing the upper tank 2 from one end side of the squeezing machine 12
It flows into A and is stirred again by the stirring blade 4.

In this way, the garbage is circulated while being repeatedly stirred by the stirring blade 4 and squeezed by the squeezing machine 12, and in the process the decomposition by the action of microorganisms is gradually decomposed into water and carbon dioxide. To go. The arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the flow of raw garbage during processing.

Here, the water originally contained in the garbage and the excess water generated by fermentation and decomposition are squeezed out of the garbage by the squeezing machine 12, and the fermentation tank 2
The water is drained to the outside of the fermentation tank 2 through the drain port 18 formed at the bottom of the trough 11 of the lower tank 2B.
Therefore, the water content of raw garbage in the fermenter 2 is kept constant, so that the activity of the microorganisms becomes active without floating in the water and the decomposition of the raw garbage is promoted (mainly Aerobic fermentation by aerobic microorganisms).

By the way, the water flowing out from the drain port 18 flows directly or through the gutter 24 into the lower tank 21 installed below the fermenter 2, and is recovered, and then the pump 25.
Is sent to the upper tank 22. Then, the water sent to the upper tank 22 first flows out to the water receiving portion 27, and eventually flows over the weir 27A into the water channel 29 and flows down toward the downstream side thereof to form a bottom surface of the water channel 29. The water that has been filtered by 30 and that has passed through the screen 30 is collected in the water purification unit 28 as purified water, and then is discarded into a river or the like through a pipe (not shown) connected to the bottom of the water purification unit 28, or another purification is performed. After being subjected to secondary treatment through the equipment and purification facility, it is discarded.

On the other hand, the cake (filtrate) remaining on the screen 30 reaches the downstream of the water channel 29, is returned to the inside of the fermenter 2 through the receiving port 31 formed on the upper surface thereof, and is again inside the fermenter 2. It is circulated while repeating stirring and squeezing with
Therefore, it will be decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by the microorganisms.

Into the fermenter 2 having an actual volume of 2457 liters, 1000 kg of garbage per day is divided into 500 kg portions in two batches, and the inside of the fermenter 2 is heated by a heater at an appropriate temperature (depending on the type of microorganism, , About 30 to 60 ° C.), the stirring blade 4 is rotated 1.33 times [rpm] to stir the garbage in the fermentation tank 2, and at the same time, the processing is continued while rotating the press 12, Almost all garbage could be eliminated within 24 hours. Incidentally, as the microorganism, a commercially available product containing almost no base was used, but in the treatment after the second time, since the microorganism is parasitic on a slight untreated substance remaining in the fermenter 2, it is not necessary to add this dare. In the subsequent treatment, the microorganisms may be added appropriately in appropriate amounts while checking the decomposition rate of the garbage.

The application example of the present invention has been described above with reference to the drawings. However, the garbage treating machine according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned configuration, and as a squeezing machine, for example, a pair of rollers is provided at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2. Can be provided, or a cylinder or the like that slides along the lower tank 2B can be provided.

The volume of the fermenter 2 is not limited to about 2500 liters, and it goes without saying that the volume may be changed for home use or business use.

[0033]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a compressor comprising a spiral screw or the like is provided at the bottom of the fermenter, and the compressor is used to compress raw garbage while stirring. Since the squeezed water is discharged from the bottom of the fermenter to the outside, the water content of raw garbage in the fermenter is kept constant and the activity is activated without suspending microorganisms in the water. As a result, the decomposition of garbage by microorganisms can be promoted and the treatment can be efficiently performed.

Further, since it is possible to prevent sludge formation without adding a large amount of a base such as sawdust or wood chips to raw garbage, the amount of raw garbage that can be treated at one time is increased, and moreover, the water generated by decomposition is removed. As described above, the treatment cost can be significantly reduced as compared with the case of heating and evaporating.

Further, since the water extracted from the fermenter is filtered and the cake after filtration is returned to the fermenter for reprocessing, it is possible to decompose the raw garbage completely and to remove it by drainage. No environmental pollution occurs.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a partially disassembled garbage disposal according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the processing machine.

FIG. 3 is a schematic rear view of the processing machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 machine frame 2 fermenters 2A upper tank 2B lower tank 3 slot 4 stirring blades 7 Motor (Drive source of stirring blade) 12 Press 18 drain 20 aquarium 21 Lower tank 22 Upper tank 27 Water receiving part 28 Water Purification Department 29 waterways 30 screen 31 mouth

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fermenter having a press at the bottom, a stirring blade for stirring the raw garbage contained therein, a drive source for rotating the stirring blade, and a device outside the fermentation tank. and a water tank that is, the fermentor has a lower tank of the grooved at the bottom of the upper tank and the upper tank and apparatus with a stirrer, its lower tank, spiral screw is provided as expeller Along with this, a drain port for discharging the water squeezed out by the screw to the outside is formed, and the water flowing out from the drain port is collected in the water tank, and by the rotation of the screw, the lower tank The raw garbage processing equipment is characterized in that after the raw garbage is sent to the upper tank after being squeezed, the raw garbage is circulated between the upper tank and the lower tank. 2. The agitated raw garbage containing microorganisms in the fermenter is squeezed by a squeezing machine at the bottom of the fermenter to extract water squeezed from the bottom of the fermenter, and the squeezing machine is used. Fermenter equipped with a stirring blade for compressed raw garbage
It is refluxed to the upper part of the vessel and stirred, and the raw garbage is fermented again.
Processing method of garbage and repeating the circulation of flowed into the bottom squeezing by squeezing machine. 3. Agitating the raw garbage in the fermenter while agitating the raw garbage containing the microorganisms put in the fermenter and squeezing at the bottom of the fermenter and extracting the squeezed water from the bottom of the fermenter. , with continuing the squeezed withdrawn was processed method garbage characterized in that water and reducing the cake obtained by filtration to its interior from the upper part of the fermenter.